BIOLOGY MODUL-REPRODUCTION

8/7/2019 BIOLOGY MODUL-REPRODUCTION

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BIOLOGY MODULE 2007

REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH

Question 1

Figure 1

Figure 1 shows the regulation of specific hormones towards the development in the

ovary.

a. i. Based on Figure 1, state hormone X (1m)

___________________________________________________________

ii. State the role of hormone X.(1m)

__________________________________________________________

b. In Figure 1, draw the change that occurs to structure T on the 26th day. (1m)

__________________________________________________________

c. Identify hormone P and Q (2m)

_________________________________________________________

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Question 2

Figure 2

Figure 2 shows the reproductive structures of different organism.

a. Based on Figure 2, label X and Y in space provided.(2m)

b. State the organism that produced A and B.(2m)

_________________________________________________________

c. Describe what happens to nuclei P and Q before fertilization takes place. (2m)

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

d. Explain the roles played by X and Y in ensuring that fertilisation takes place (2m)

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

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Question 3

Figure 3

Figure 3 shows the process of sperm formation in the mammalian testis.

a .i. State P and Q (2m)

P: ___________________________

Q:___________________________

ii. Give reasons why cells Q and R are genetically identical. (2m)

____________________________________________________________

iii. Name two ways how cell division leads to cell S and T being genetically

different. (2m)

____________________________________________________________

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Question 4

Figure 4

Figure 4 shows the process of ovum formation in the mammalian ovary.

a. i. State the structures labelled L, M and N (3m)

L : _______________________

M: _______________________

N: _______________________

ii. State the hormone involved in the formation of follicle and explain the role of it

(2m)

__________________________________________________________________

b. The menstrual cycle involves four type of hormones. Name the hormones. (2m)

___________________________________________________________________

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c. Describe how structure N produces progesterone. (2m)

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Question 5

Figure 5

Figure 5 shows certain events that take place in the ovary and Fallopian tube.

a. i. Name the process labelled P (1m)

______________________________________________________________

ii. State the type of cell division takes place at Q. !m)

______________________________________________________________

b.i. Name the structure labelled R.(1m)

______________________________________________________________

ii. Describe its function during pregnancy. (2m)

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

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c..i. On Figure 5, label the region where fertilization takes place with F letter. (1m)

ii. Predict what will happen if two ova released during ovulation and are fertilised.

(2m)

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Question 6.

Figure 1 below shows the process of fertilization in an embryo sac. P are carried in the

pollen tube to the embryo sac. P are carried in the pollen tube to the embryo sac.

(a) (i) What are P?_____________________________________________________________________

__

(1m)(ii) How are P formed?

___________________________________________________________________

_____(1m)

(b) State whether the chromosomal number of P is haploid or diploid

___________________________________________________________________

_____(1m)

(c) What are X, Y and Z?

X:_____________________________________________________________________

Y:__________________________________________________________________

____

Z:______________________________________________________________________

(3m)

(d) How do P enter the embryo sac?

____________________________________________________________________

____(1m)

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(e) (i) Explain what happens after P enter the embryo sac.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___

________________________________________________________________________

(3m)

(ii) Name this process._____________________________________________________________________

___

_____________________________________________________________________

___(1m)

Question 7.

Figure below shows a pollen that was removed from the stigma after being there for awhile

(a) (i) What process is experienced by the pollen?

________________________________________________________________________ (1m)

(ii) Name structure X.

_______________________________________________________________________

_

(1m)

(iii) Draw all nuclei on the pollen in figure 2 and label them.

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(2m)

(b) (i) Draw the development and growth of structure X up to the embryo sac, in thefigure below.

(ii) Name the process that occurs when structure X reaches the plants embryo sac.

________________________________________________________________________

(1m)

(c) (i) Explain how the process in (b) (ii) occurs.__________________________________________________________________

______

__________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

______

________________________________________________________________________

(2m)

(ii) What are the products obtained from this process?

1.

________________________________________________________________________

2.

_______________________________________________________________________

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_

(2m)

(d) At the end of the process in (b)(ii), what happens to the

(i) Ovary?

________________________________________________________________________

(1m)

(ii) Integument?

_______________________________________________________________________

_

(1m)

(iii) Ovule?

_______________________________________________________________________

_

(1m)

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BIOLOGY MODULE 2007

LEARNING AREA : REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH

Activity 1. Complete the table below.

Comparison between the formation of sperm and ova.

A.

B.

DIFFERENCES SPERMATOGENESIS OOGENESIS1. Gametes produced i. ii.

2. Place of formation iii. iv.

3. Size of gametes v. vi.

4. Number of gametes

produced

vii. viii.

5. Cytokinesis Equal distribution of Unequal

Spermatogenesis

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Oogenesis

Similarities

1. Location : _______________________

2. Process involve: __________________

3. Products : _________________________


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cytoplasm in all four sperm

cells produced6. Shape of gametes ix. x.

7. Germinal epithelial cells Divide by mitosis

throughout adult

Divide by mitosis during

foetal stage

8. Meiotic division xi.

Activitiy 2. Complete the table below

Comparison between identical twins and fracternal twins

DIFFERENCES IDENTICAL TWINS FRACTERNAL TWINSa. Fertilisation 1. 2.

b. Genetic constitution 3. 4

c. Number of placentae 5. 6.

d. Sex 7. 8.

e. Physical characteristics 9. 10.

Activity 3 : Complete the text below

i. Both identical twins and fracternal twins grow by the process of

_______________.

ii. The embryos formed are there result of ______________________ between

an ovum and a sperm.

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Answer Scheme for Reproduction & Growth

A. Structured questions

NO. ANSWERS MARKS NOTES

1a.i. FSH / Follicle stimulus hormone 1

ii To stimulate the formation of follicle in

ovary

1

b Refer to the figure, student should be

able to draw it smaller on 26th day

1

c. i. P: estrogen

Q: progesteron

1

12.a. X: tail of sperm

Y: pollen tube

1

1

b A is produced by testis

B is produced by an anther

1

1

c P / generation tube divides by mitosis to

form two female gametes nuclei

Q / nucleus tube disintegrates

1

1

3a.i. P : germinal primordium cell

Q: spermatogonium

1

1ii. Both of them are formed as a result of

mitosis

1

iii Crossing over

Mutation

1

14.a.i. L: primary follicle

M: secondary oocyte

N: corpus luteum

1

1

1

ii FSH / Follicle stimulating hormone

causes the Graafian follicles to develop

in the ovary

1

b Oestrogen

Progesteron

LH / Luteinising hormone

FSH / Follicle stimulating hormone

1

1

1

1

c -on day 13 and 14 the LH levels peak 1

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-this stimulates ovulation and

development of N / corpus luteum to

produce progesteron

1

5.a. i Ovulation 1

ii Mitosis

b.i. Corpus luteum 1

ii -R / Corpus luteum produces

progesterone

- to maintain the uterus lining

1

1c.i. Refer to Figure 5. F is marked where

the fertilization take place

1

ii -two ova will be fertilized by two sperms

-two fracternal twins / non-identical

twins are formed

1

1

Activity 1

A.1. Reproductive organs

A.2. Meiosis

A.3. Haploid gametes

DIFFERENCES SPERMATOGENESIS OOGENESIS

1. Gametes produced i. Sperms ii.Ovum

2. Place of formation iii. Testis iv.Ovary

3. Size of gametes v. Small vi. Large

4. Number of gametes

produced

vii. Four viii. One

5. Cytokinesis Equal distribution of Unequal

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cytoplasm in all four sperm

cells produced6. Shape of gametes ix. Has a head and tail x. Round

7. Germinal epithelial cells Divide by mitosis

throughout adult

Divide by mitosis during

foetal stage

8. Meiotic division xi. Occurs continuously Not occurs continously

6 (a) (i) the male gamete nuclei(ii) P are formed when the generative nucleus divides by mitosis

(b) Haploid

(c) X: synergid cellsY: polar nuclei

Z: antipodal cells

(d) P penetrate the ovule through the micropyle(e) (i) One male gamete fuses with the egg cell nucleus to form a diploid

zygote. The other male gamete nucleus fuses with the two polar nuclei to forma

triploid nucleus

(ii) Double fertilisation

7 (a) (i) pollination

(ii) pollen tube

(iii)

(b) (i)

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(ii) double fertilasation

(c) (i) After entering the embryo sac, the tube nucleus at the end of the pollen

tube degrades. One of the male nucleus combines with the egg cell to produce adiploid zygote. The other male nucleus will combine with the polar nucleus to

form triploid nucleus

(ii) 1. The diploid zygote becomes an embryo

2. The triploid zygote becomes an endosperm

(d) (i) Becomes the fruit

(ii) Becomes the testa (fruit skin)(iii) Becomes the seed

Activity 2.

DIFFERENCES IDENTICAL TWINS FRACTERNAL TWINS

a. Fertilisation 1.One ova is fertilized by

one sperm

2.Two ova are fertilized by

a sperm

b. Genetic constitution 3. Same genetic

constitution

4. Different constitution

c. Number of placentae 5. One 6. Two

d. Sex 7. Same 8. Same / different

e. Physical characteristics 9. Same physical

characteristic

10. Different

Activity 3

i. mitosis

ii. fertilisation

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BIOLOGY MODUL-REPRODUCTION