-
Biomass for bioenergy and added
value: an integrated approach
Presentation for the Rio+20 Green Economy
conference, Bogotá, 24 May 2012
Hans Langeveld Biomass Research [email protected]
Biomass and energy
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Global trends
¬ Increasing biomass demand
- Transport fuels
- Heat, power
- Biobased products
¬ Increasing price volatility (fuels, biomass)
¬ Technology and development
- Second generation fuels
- Decentralised installations
- Logistics, chains and development
- Energy: access for all
Biomass and energy
-
Biomass and bioenergy
EU bioenergy policies
¬ Renewable Energy Directive (RED)
- Blending targets (10% biofuels in 2020)
- Minimum GHG reduction (35%, 50%)
- No clearing of forest area
- No high biodiversity grasslands
¬ Electricity and power (RES)
- -20% GHG emissions in 2020
- 20% renewable energy in 2020
- Sustainability criteria
-
NREAP’s
¬ National Renewable Energy Action Plan’s
¬ National policies
¬ Renewable Energy: heat, electricity, transport,
cooling
Renewable energy in EU
Source: Beurskens and Hekkenberg (2010):
Renewable energy projections. ECN-E-10-069
-
Bioenergy potentials
Biomass potentials
¬ HOEVEEL biomassa hebben we in Europa??
- x
- x
¬ XX VERSCHILLENDE BRON STUDIES
- x
- x
Source: Elbersen et al. (2012). Biomass Futures
-
Bioenergy feedstocks
Biomass use at present
¬ x
- x
- x
¬ xx
- x
- x
Source: IEA (2007)
-
Bioenergy potentials
Land requirements
¬ Depending on feedstock (crops), conversion
- Gross energy yield per ha
- Conversion efficiency
- Fossil replacement
¬ Land requirements biofuels
- 160 Mha (2050; OECD/IEA, 2010)
- Agricultural, forest residues: limit land use
- 5-20 Mha (EU 2020)
..
Source: Dixon et al. (in prep.)
-
Source: Mortimer et al (2004), Liska and Cassman (2008), De
Visser et al. (2008)
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Land use
1% = 34
mln ha
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Historic analysis
¬ Regional
¬ Crop types
¬ Absolute figures
¬ Trend analyses
Biomass sources
Source: Langeveld et al. (2006)
Alternative feedstock sources in 2020
0
20
40
60
80
Set aside
(3 mln ha)
Yield
increase
(+1% p.a.)
Improved
conversion
(+5%)
Area
expansion
(+10%)
BAU
Mil
lio
ns o
f to
ns
Cereals Sugarbeet Oilseed rape Straw
-
Historic analysis
¬ Regional
¬ Crop types
¬ Absolute figures
¬ Trend analyses
Yield gap
Source: Hengsdijk and Langeveld, 2009
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Make more from available biomass
¬ Residues
- Primary (field losses)
- Secundary (production chains)
- Tertiary (conversion processes)
- Quartiary (final waste)
¬ Keep things simple
- Local applications, waste
- Integrated production chains
¬ Application matters! Seek optimal routes
Adding value
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Biobased economy:
Technological innovations that facilitate a
significant replacement of fossil fuels by
biomass in the production of
pharmaceuticals, chemicals, materials,
transportation fuels, electricity and heat.
Biobased Economy
Source: Langeveld and Sanders, 2010.
In: The Biobased Economy. Earthscan. Chapter 1.
-
Biobased products
¬ Pharmaceutical products
¬ Specialty products
¬ Food, feed
¬ Bulk chemicals
¬ Fuels
¬ Heat and power
Biobased development
Farma
Fun
Food
Feed
Functional chemical
Fibre
Fermentation
Fuel
Fertilizer
Fire
Flare
fill
-
¬ Market size
¬ Farmer gate prices
¬ Labour use
¬ Land and input requirements
¬ Chain organization
Biobased development
-
Multiple output systems require:
¬ Crops (e.g. maize, cane, beet)
¬ Biorefineries
¬ Technology development
¬ Chain development
Biobased economy
Source: Langeveld and Sanders, 2010. In: The Biobased
Economy, Earthscan
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Multiple output systems (Brazil)
¬ Centralized sugar, ethanol production
¬ Production of proteins, feed
¬ Electricity
¬ Add: chemicals
.
Biobased economy
Source: Langeveld and Sanders, 2010. In: The Biobased
Economy, Earthscan
-
Multiple output systems (sugar beet)
¬ Centralized sugar, ethanol production
¬ Biogas for internal use
¬ Traditional infrastructure
Biobased economy
Source: Lit et al, submitted.
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Multiple output systems (sugar beet)
¬ Technology is an issue
¬ Infrastructure
¬ Crop / biomass
¬ Market / policy
More from biomass
Source: Lit et al, submitted.
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Integrated approaches
¬ PRAKTISCHE VOORBEELDEN
FIGUREN FACTSHEETS
An integrated approach
Source: Langeveld, Meulemans, Sanders
-
Integrated approaches
Potato industry
¬ Wastewater treatment (compulsory)
- Biogas production
¬ Biobased options
- Pharmaceuticals
- PDO, PLA, PHA
- Bioenergy (biogas, ethanol)
- Feed
¬ Policy and research
Source: Langeveld and Quist-Wessel, 2011
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Integrated approaches
Coffee as a platform
¬ Biobased options
- Pharmaceuticals, cosmetics
- Chemicals, polymers
- Bioenergy
- Feed, compost
¬ Wastewater as starting point
- Bioenergy
¬ Certification
- Clear communication ..
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Sustainable land use
NTA8080
¬ Dutch system to assess sustainability
- People, planet, profit
- Cramer Commission
- Research, NGO’s, companies
¬ Implementation
- NEN network for normalisation
- Certification
- 15 certificates up to date
- Extension to solid biomass (proposal)
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Sustainable land use
Certification systems
¬ Dedicated systems
- RED
- RSB
- RSPO
¬ Generic systems
- FSC
- EUREPGAP
- IFOAM
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Value from biomass
Time for action
¬ More value from biomass
- Coffee, oil palm, banana, ..
- Biobased, bioenergy, waste management
¬ Dutch may be of help
- Strong background in water, biomass
- Mission (FIMA), Transition programme
¬ Possible actions
- Pool of experts, Knowledge Centre
- Installations, systems design
- Energy, certification
[email protected]
