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Standard 5e & 6aStandard 5e & 6a
5e: 5e: Students knowStudents know rain forests and rain forests and deserts on Earth are distributed in deserts on Earth are distributed in bands at specific latitudes.bands at specific latitudes.
6a: 6a: Students know Students know weather (in the weather (in the short run) and climate (in the long short run) and climate (in the long run) involve the transfer of energy run) involve the transfer of energy into and out of the atmosphere.into and out of the atmosphere.
Energy TransferEnergy Transfer
We learned from last unit that the We learned from last unit that the sun heats the earth unequally, sun heats the earth unequally, causing differences in temperature.causing differences in temperature.
We also learned that evaporation and We also learned that evaporation and precipitation of water occurs because precipitation of water occurs because of the unequal heating.of the unequal heating.
Because of these two main things, Because of these two main things, solar energy and precipitation, solar energy and precipitation, energy is transferred throughout the energy is transferred throughout the globe.globe.
Weather vs. ClimateWeather vs. Climate
Energy transfer causes the Energy transfer causes the weather; weather; the state of the atmosphere at a the state of the atmosphere at a given time or place given time or place (temperature, (temperature, precipitation, humidity, air pressure)precipitation, humidity, air pressure)• Wind & RainWind & Rain• Clouds, lightning, & thunderClouds, lightning, & thunder• Disasters: hurricanes, tornadoesDisasters: hurricanes, tornadoes
Weather is different from Weather is different from climate; climate; the long term average of weather.the long term average of weather.
What affects climate?What affects climate?
Climate in an area is affected by two Climate in an area is affected by two main thingsmain things• Direct sunlight (heat)Direct sunlight (heat)• PrecipitationPrecipitation
Climate directly affects the type of Climate directly affects the type of biome biome • BiomeBiome is an environment with specific is an environment with specific
vegetation and organismsvegetation and organisms• If it is cold, you have organisms that are If it is cold, you have organisms that are
suitable to the ____suitable to the ____
SunlightSunlight Sunlight gives off Sunlight gives off
different wavelengthsdifferent wavelengths When it strikes the When it strikes the
earth, different earth, different wavelengths get wavelengths get reflected while others reflected while others are absorbed, heating are absorbed, heating the Earth.the Earth.
Some of it escapes Some of it escapes into space, some into space, some reflects back to earth reflects back to earth due to greenhouse due to greenhouse gasesgases
Sunlight
Some heatescapesinto space
Greenhousegases trapsome heat`
Atmosphere
Earth’s surface
Greenhouse Effect
LatitudeLatitude
The amount of direct light can affect the The amount of direct light can affect the temperature.temperature.
Remember that the equator gets the most Remember that the equator gets the most sunlight, and polar regions gets the least.sunlight, and polar regions gets the least.
Low Sunlight
Most direct sunlight
Sunlight
Sunlight
Low Sunlight
90°N North Pole
66.5°N
23.5°N
0°
23.5°S
66.5°S
90°S South Pole
Arctic circle
Tropic of Cancer
Equator
Tropic of Capricorn
Arctic circle
PrecipitationPrecipitation
The amount of The amount of water falling in the water falling in the given area can given area can greatly affect the greatly affect the type of climatetype of climate
Remember that Remember that precipitation falls precipitation falls at 0° and 60°at 0° and 60°
BiomesBiomes
Because of these two factors Because of these two factors combined, we get specific biomes at combined, we get specific biomes at specific areas.specific areas.
For example, at the equator, there is For example, at the equator, there is a lot of sunlight, and a lot of a lot of sunlight, and a lot of precipitation, so there is a tropical precipitation, so there is a tropical rainforest.rainforest.
At 30°, there is a lot of sunlight, but At 30°, there is a lot of sunlight, but little or no precipitation, so there is a little or no precipitation, so there is a desert.desert.
OverviewOverview
Sunlight and precipitation affect the Sunlight and precipitation affect the climateclimate
Climate over an environment Climate over an environment produces a biomeproduces a biome
A biome has organisms suited to the A biome has organisms suited to the climateclimate
Biomes generally occur on the same Biomes generally occur on the same latitudeslatitudes
BiomesBiomes
There are two main types of biomesThere are two main types of biomes• LandLand• Aquatic (water)Aquatic (water)
We will cover both todayWe will cover both today
Land BiomesLand Biomes
Most land biomes are named after Most land biomes are named after their climax community.their climax community.
Some of the land biomesSome of the land biomes• TundraTundra• Taiga (TIGH-guh)Taiga (TIGH-guh)• Temperate deciduous forestTemperate deciduous forest• GrasslandGrassland• Tropical rain forestTropical rain forest• DesertDesert
Tropical rain forest
Tropical dry forest
Tropical savanna Temperate woodlandand shrubland
Desert
Temperate grassland
Boreal forest(Taiga)
Northwesternconiferous forest
Temperate forest
Mountains andice caps
Tundra
Aquatic biomesAquatic biomes
There are 3 main types of aquatic There are 3 main types of aquatic biomes.biomes.
The amount of salt determines the The amount of salt determines the type of biome.type of biome.
The 3 main types of aquatic biomesThe 3 main types of aquatic biomes• FreshwaterFreshwater• Marine (saltwater)Marine (saltwater)• EstuariesEstuaries
TundraTundra
TundraTundra• Located near the polesLocated near the poles• Treeless biome covered by moss, Treeless biome covered by moss,
lichens, and grasseslichens, and grasses• Permafrost – a layer of permanently Permafrost – a layer of permanently
frozen subsoilfrozen subsoil
TaigaTaiga
TaigaTaiga• Covered by coniferous (cone bearing) Covered by coniferous (cone bearing)
trees. trees. • Bears, wolves, moose, elk are some of Bears, wolves, moose, elk are some of
the typical animalsthe typical animals
Temperate Deciduous ForestTemperate Deciduous Forest
Temperate deciduous forestTemperate deciduous forest• Plants change during the seasons Plants change during the seasons
(leaves change color)(leaves change color)
GrasslandsGrasslands
GrasslandsGrasslands• Most of the rainfall occurs in one part of Most of the rainfall occurs in one part of
the seasonthe season• Hot summers, cold wintersHot summers, cold winters
Tropical Rain ForestTropical Rain Forest
Tropical rain forestTropical rain forest• Located at equatorLocated at equator• Receive 200-400 centimeters of rain a Receive 200-400 centimeters of rain a
yearyear• Constant temperature. Constant temperature. • Home of the most types of animals than Home of the most types of animals than
any other biome. Many colorfulany other biome. Many colorful
DesertsDeserts
DesertsDeserts• Located at 30° latitudeLocated at 30° latitude• Less than 25 cm of rain falls a yearLess than 25 cm of rain falls a year• Both plants and animals must be able to Both plants and animals must be able to
retain moisture. retain moisture. • Birds, lizards, snakes, insects are typicalBirds, lizards, snakes, insects are typical• Cactus and sagebrush sparsely cover Cactus and sagebrush sparsely cover
the areathe area
Marine BiomesMarine Biomes
Includes all of the oceanIncludes all of the ocean Marine biomes are divided into 4 Marine biomes are divided into 4
subcategoriessubcategories• Intertidal zoneIntertidal zone• Neritic zoneNeritic zone• Open-sea zoneOpen-sea zone• Deep-sea zoneDeep-sea zone
EstuariesEstuaries
Estuaries are the boundaries Estuaries are the boundaries between freshwater and saltwater.between freshwater and saltwater.
Since it is a mix of the two, a variety Since it is a mix of the two, a variety of organisms can be supported.of organisms can be supported.
Examples of estuariesExamples of estuaries• Delta, swamp, lagoonDelta, swamp, lagoon
Biome ProjectBiome Project
In groups of 4-5, create a biome presentationIn groups of 4-5, create a biome presentation Give information about the biome, including:Give information about the biome, including:
• Temperature range (graph)Temperature range (graph)• Precipitation (graph)Precipitation (graph)• Location (latitudes/areas)Location (latitudes/areas)• Plants (vegetation)Plants (vegetation)• AnimalsAnimals• Brief Description (Examples)Brief Description (Examples)• Koppen climate classificationsKoppen climate classifications
Posterboard or Powerpoint acceptablePosterboard or Powerpoint acceptable More visuals, the betterMore visuals, the better 500000000 points500000000 points
To help you out…To help you out…
A Biology TextbookA Biology Textbook http://http://mbgnet.mobot.orgmbgnet.mobot.org// http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/
Laboratory/Biome/Laboratory/Biome/
Preplan…Preplan…
What kind of presentation will you What kind of presentation will you do? Powerpoint? Posterboard?do? Powerpoint? Posterboard?
Who is doing what? Research? Who is doing what? Research? Picture finding? Who’s good with Picture finding? Who’s good with computers? Who’s bringing computers? Who’s bringing materials?materials?
When do you want to meet up? When do you want to meet up? Contact info? Contact info?
Anything else you can think of…Anything else you can think of…