8/3/2019 Bionic Eye Powered by Nano Generator

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BIONIC EYE POWERED BY NANOGENERATOR

B.MADHU BABU

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONAVR&SVR ENGINEERING COLLEGE

NANNUR , KURNOOL.

AbstractBionic eye is an artificial electronic eye. Themain purpose of bionic eye is to provide vision, partiallyto the visually challenged people by the use of modern

day electronic devices like charge coupled device (CCD)camera and bionic eye implant. The implant is a smallchip that is surgically implanted behind the retina in theeye ball. It could restore the eye sight of the people whosuffer from age related blindness. There are two basicmethodologies of bionic eye, multiple unit artificialretina chip system (MARC) and artificial silicon retinasystem (ASR). However, this paper presents a novel

idea of integrating a new approach of bionic eye with

the nanogenerator. The nanogenerator is multifacetedwhen compared to the external batteries providingbetter power, compactness and higher efficiency. Thepotential advantage of proposed method is to be able toremove the blindness to a feasible extent by makingadvance in the present research and improvingmanufacturing technology.

Keywords-bionic eye; artificial eye; nanogeneratorapplications; electronic eye; Retina damage; eyereplacement;blindness

I. INTRODUCTION

Bionic eye is a bio-electronic eye. Bionic eye replacesthe functionality of a part or whole of the eye. An

external camera is worn on a pair of dark glasses whichsends the images in digital form to the radio receiver

placed in the eye. The radio receiver is attached to theimplant chip on the retina. The implantation is of two

types, epiretinal implant and subretinal implant, basedon whether the implant is placed on or behind the retina.

In our proposed method of bionic eye, a small and a powerful camera powered by nanogenerator, isimplanted inside the patients eye rather than worn on a

pair of glasses. The camera is small and consumes verylow power.

A.The Human eye : Structure and function :

The Human eyes operate on the same principle as that ofa camera. The Human eye is an organ that reacts to lightfor several purposes. The Human eye ball is roughlyspherical in shape. The important part of the eyeresponsible for the vision is the retina. The retina is alight sensitive tissue lining the inner surface of the eye.Light falling on the eye is focused on to a sheet of lightsensitive cells. The photosensitive ganglion cells in theretina that receive the light signals affect the adjustmentof the size of the pupil. The ganglion cells are connectedto the rods and the cone cells in the retina. The cone

cells are responsible for colour recognition of the imageviewed and the rod cells distinguish the movement andthe contrast of the image on the retina. The retina isconnected to a nerve called the optic nerve that connectsthe brain and the eye. The eye ball is placed in a

protective cone shaped cavity in the skull called theorbit or the socket and measures approximately one inchin diameter.

Figure 1. Human eye structure.

Fig. 1 shows interior structure of the human eye in its basic form. The light signals enter the eye through thecornea. The cornea focuses the rays of light falling oneye. The light then passes the pupil and the lens of eye,which leads to the formation of an inverted image on theretina of the eyeball. The retina sends electrical signalsto the brain through the optic nerve. The brain interprets

the signals sent from the retina and forms the image.

B. Basic Eye Disorders

The Eye disorders dealt here are listed below: Retinitis Pigmentosa

Macular Degeneration

1) Retinitis PigmentosaRetinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is the name given to a groupof hereditary diseases of the retina of the eye. RP is a

progressive blinding disorder of the outer retina whichinvolves degeneration of neurons [1]. RP may be caused

by a breakdown in the function of the rods or the conesin some part of the retina. The retina is so complex that,

breakdowns may occur in a variety of ways and so RP is

not a single