BIOSENSORS By: Dan Lander Haru Yamamoto Sabiha Hasan

BIOSENSORBIOSENSORSS

By: Dan LanderBy: Dan Lander

Haru YamamotoHaru Yamamoto

Sabiha HasanSabiha Hasan

Outline of PresentationOutline of Presentation

• IntroductionIntroduction

• Background InformationBackground Information

• ApplicationsApplications

• ExamplesExamples

• ConclusionConclusion

IntroductionIntroduction

• A biosensor can basically be defined as a A biosensor can basically be defined as a device that detects, records, and transmits device that detects, records, and transmits information regarding a physiological information regarding a physiological change or the presence of various chemical change or the presence of various chemical or biological materials in the environment. or biological materials in the environment.

• A more technical elaboration of a biosensor A more technical elaboration of a biosensor will be further discussed in subsequent will be further discussed in subsequent slides.slides.

Background Background InformationInformation• More specifically a biosensor is made up More specifically a biosensor is made up

of a biological component such as of a biological component such as bacterium integrated with an electrical bacterium integrated with an electrical component to yield a measurable signal. component to yield a measurable signal.

• Five major parts that make up most Five major parts that make up most biosensors include: a biological sensor, biosensors include: a biological sensor, transducer, signal conditioner, data transducer, signal conditioner, data processor and signal generator. processor and signal generator.

Background Continued…Background Continued…

• Biological Sensor: surveys the Biological Sensor: surveys the biological concentrations in the biological concentrations in the environment.environment.

• Transducer: converts the input Transducer: converts the input biological concentration sampled into biological concentration sampled into electrical energy.electrical energy.

• Signal Conditioner: checks whether Signal Conditioner: checks whether an output signal should be generated an output signal should be generated based on the input sampled.based on the input sampled.

Background Continued…Background Continued…

• Data Processor: extracts data about the Data Processor: extracts data about the input concentration sampled.input concentration sampled.

• Signal Generator: generates the Signal Generator: generates the appropriate output signal based on the appropriate output signal based on the input sampled. input sampled.

• These terms outline the basic These terms outline the basic procedures occurring inside of a procedures occurring inside of a biosensor.biosensor.

ApplicationsApplications• Three general important applications Three general important applications

of biosensors that we will discuss of biosensors that we will discuss are:are:

• 1.) Bio-Hazard detection1.) Bio-Hazard detection

• 2.) Chemical level detection2.) Chemical level detection

• 3.) Health Abnormality detection3.) Health Abnormality detection

ApplicationsApplications•Bio-Hazard DetectionBio-Hazard Detection

– Two forms of BiosensorsTwo forms of Biosensors•A.) Survival or Death DetectionA.) Survival or Death Detection

– Biological substance in the biosensor dies in Biological substance in the biosensor dies in the presence of a hazardous material.the presence of a hazardous material.

•B.) Measured concentration level B.) Measured concentration level DetectionDetection

– Biological substance in the biosensor reacts Biological substance in the biosensor reacts to a certain threshold concentration level.to a certain threshold concentration level.

Bacterium

http://cdli.asm.org/cgi/content/full/5/5/609?view=full&pmid=9729524

Example : Fiber-Optic Example : Fiber-Optic BiosensorBiosensorHow to detect Bio-Hazard?How to detect Bio-Hazard?

BacteriumAntibody


How to detect bacteriumHow to detect bacterium

BacteriumAntibody

BacteriumAntibodyFiber-Optic Sensor


Conductor

Live Cell

http://www.me.berkeley.edu/faculty/rubinsky/research.html

Example : Bionic ChipExample : Bionic ChipHow to detect Bio-Hazard?How to detect Bio-Hazard?


Conductor

Live Cell

Electric Current

Capacitor

Live Cell


Conductor

Live Cell

Deadly Virus


Conductor

Live Cell

Toxic Gas


Conductor

Live CellExtreme Heat


Conductor

Live CellNuclearRadiation


Conductor

Live

How to detect Bio-How to detect Bio-Hazard?Hazard?

Conductor

Cell


Conductor

Dead Cell

Conductor

Dead CellCell is Dead

No capacitancecharacteristics

Hazard detected


Where to place the sensorWhere to place the sensor

Military Equipment

Public Facilities RFID

Bionic Chip STag

Bio Hazard Detection Bio Hazard Detection SystemSystem

RFID tag RFID tag

RFID tag RFID tag

RFID tag RFID tag

RFID tag RFID tag

Producer

STags

http://audfs.eng.auburn.edu/research4.htm


Ranches


Ranches

Consumers


Ranches

Consumers

Hazard! Hazard! Hazard!

Tracing the SourceTracing the Source

RFID TagRFID Tag StoreStore ProducerProducer

474547474547

784878784878

981521981521




474547474547 Store AStore A Ranch ARanch A

784878784878 Store AStore A Ranch BRanch B

981521981521 Store AStore A Ranch CRanch C




474547474547 Store AStore A Ranch ARanch A

784878784878 Store AStore A Ranch BRanch B

981521981521 Store AStore A Ranch CRanch C

Source of contamination detected

ApplicationsApplications

•Chemical Level DetectionChemical Level Detection– Four specific types of BiosensorsFour specific types of Biosensors

•A.) Chlorine Level DetectionA.) Chlorine Level Detection– Detects whether certain types of water Detects whether certain types of water

such as drinking water have acceptable such as drinking water have acceptable chlorine levels. chlorine levels.

•B.) Pesticide Level DetectionB.) Pesticide Level Detection– Detects whether certain levels of pesticides Detects whether certain levels of pesticides

in soils and foods are harmful.in soils and foods are harmful.

ApplicationsApplications

• C.) Glucose Level DetectionC.) Glucose Level Detection– Detects and monitors blood glucose levels for Detects and monitors blood glucose levels for

clinical purposes such as in diabetes patients.clinical purposes such as in diabetes patients.

• D.) Alcohol Level DetectionD.) Alcohol Level Detection– Detects and analyzes blood alcohol Detects and analyzes blood alcohol

concentration levels in people.concentration levels in people.

Example: Glucose SensorExample: Glucose Sensor

1. Glucose in a solution is allowed to 1. Glucose in a solution is allowed to pass through the selective membrane. pass through the selective membrane.

2. Glucose will be oxidized to gluconic acid 2. Glucose will be oxidized to gluconic acid by glucose oxidase in the biosensor, by glucose oxidase in the biosensor, which in turn becomes reduced. which in turn becomes reduced.

3. Reduced glucose oxidase will react 3. Reduced glucose oxidase will react with O2forming H2O2. with O2forming H2O2.

4. H2O2 will produce an electronic signal 4. H2O2 will produce an electronic signal that can be detected by the transducer. that can be detected by the transducer.

ApplicationsApplications•Health Abnormality DetectionHealth Abnormality Detection

– Two types of BiosensorsTwo types of Biosensors•A.) Cancer Detection of the Esophagus A.) Cancer Detection of the Esophagus

– Detects whether a tumor in the esophagus is Detects whether a tumor in the esophagus is benign or cancerous using different wavelengths benign or cancerous using different wavelengths of light.of light.

•B.) Status Detection of DiabetesB.) Status Detection of Diabetes– Detects changes in eye protein concentration Detects changes in eye protein concentration

using fluorescent light to measure and monitor using fluorescent light to measure and monitor diabetic levels in patients. diabetic levels in patients.

Examples of this Examples of this ApplicationApplication• Optical Biopsy Optical Biopsy

SensorSensor– Developed at the Developed at the

Thompson Cancer Thompson Cancer Survival Center in Survival Center in Knoxville, Tennessee. Knoxville, Tennessee.

– Used for detecting Used for detecting cancerous cells in the cancerous cells in the lining of the esophagus. lining of the esophagus.

– Works by measuring the Works by measuring the wavelength of light wavelength of light emitted by cells in the emitted by cells in the esophagus. Cancerous esophagus. Cancerous cells will emit different cells will emit different wavelengths from that of wavelengths from that of normal cells.normal cells.

• Below is a picture of Below is a picture of this biosensor at work. this biosensor at work. Using this sensor Using this sensor prevents the need for prevents the need for surgically removing surgically removing any cancer of the any cancer of the esophagus.esophagus.

ConclusionsConclusions• Biosensors are continuing to transform Biosensors are continuing to transform

our everyday lives by adding more our everyday lives by adding more convenience to the way we live.convenience to the way we live.

• Biosensors will soon revolutionize the Biosensors will soon revolutionize the biomedical and technical world. biomedical and technical world.

• Biosensors are replacing many of Biosensors are replacing many of today’s sensitive and complex today’s sensitive and complex operations. operations.

• Biosensors are the wave of the future.Biosensors are the wave of the future.

ReferenceReference

A. Krause, D. Siewiorek, A. Smailagic, and J. Farringdon, A. Krause, D. Siewiorek, A. Smailagic, and J. Farringdon, "Unsupervised, Dynamic Identification of Physiological and Activity "Unsupervised, Dynamic Identification of Physiological and Activity Context in Wearable Computing," Seventh IEEE International Context in Wearable Computing," Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers, October 21 - 23, 2003, White Symposium on Wearable Computers, October 21 - 23, 2003, White Plains, New York, USA.Plains, New York, USA.

T. Vuorela, K. Kukkonen, J. Rantanen, T. Jarvinen, and J. Vanhala, T. Vuorela, K. Kukkonen, J. Rantanen, T. Jarvinen, and J. Vanhala, "Bioimpedance Measurement System for Smart Clothing," Seventh "Bioimpedance Measurement System for Smart Clothing," Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers, October 21 - IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers, October 21 - 23, 2003, White Plains, New York, USA.23, 2003, White Plains, New York, USA.

Y. Huang and B. Rubinsky, "A Microfabricated Chip for the Study of Cell Y. Huang and B. Rubinsky, "A Microfabricated Chip for the Study of Cell Electroporation" Electroporation" http://http://www.me.berkeley.edu/faculty/rubinsky/research.htmlwww.me.berkeley.edu/faculty/rubinsky/research.html

George P. Anderson, Keeley D. King,, Lynn K. Cao, Meagan Jacoby, George P. Anderson, Keeley D. King,, Lynn K. Cao, Meagan Jacoby, Frances S. Ligler, and John Ezzell, "Quantifying Serum Antiplague Frances S. Ligler, and John Ezzell, "Quantifying Serum Antiplague Antibody with a Fiber-Optic Biosensor." American Society for Antibody with a Fiber-Optic Biosensor." American Society for Microbiology, May 20 1998. Microbiology, May 20 1998. http://cdli.asm.org/cgi/content/full/5/5/609?view=http://cdli.asm.org/cgi/content/full/5/5/609?view=full&pmidfull&pmid=9729524=9729524






Web PagesWeb Pages

K. Bruce Jacobson, "Biosensors and Other Medical and Environmental Probes" K. Bruce Jacobson, "Biosensors and Other Medical and Environmental Probes" http://www.ornl.gov/info/ornlreview/rev29_3/text/biosens.htmhttp://www.ornl.gov/info/ornlreview/rev29_3/text/biosens.htm

Auburn University Detection and Food Safety Center http://audfs.eng.auburn.edu/home.htmAuburn University Detection and Food Safety Center http://audfs.eng.auburn.edu/home.htm

Bionic Chip http://www.me.berkeley.edu/faculty/rubinsky/research.htmlBionic Chip http://www.me.berkeley.edu/faculty/rubinsky/research.html

Erik Baard, "Coal-Mine Canaries on a Chip." Wired News, Jun 13 2003 Erik Baard, "Coal-Mine Canaries on a Chip." Wired News, Jun 13 2003 http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,59217,00.htmlhttp://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,59217,00.html

Cranfield BioMedical Centre http://www.cranfield.ac.uk/biotech/sensors/biosensors.htmCranfield BioMedical Centre http://www.cranfield.ac.uk/biotech/sensors/biosensors.htm

Amperometric glucose sensor http://chsfpc5.chem.ncsu.edu/Poznan/biosensors/tsld021.htmAmperometric glucose sensor http://chsfpc5.chem.ncsu.edu/Poznan/biosensors/tsld021.htm

What is a Biosensor? http://userpages.umbc.edu/~jshull1/ench772/introWhat is a Biosensor? http://userpages.umbc.edu/~jshull1/ench772/intro

UCLA Monbouquette Lab http://www.chemeng.ucla.edu/HMonbouquette/biosensor.htmUCLA Monbouquette Lab http://www.chemeng.ucla.edu/HMonbouquette/biosensor.htm

DARPA Biosensor Technologies http://www.darpa.mil/dso/thrust/biosci/biosensor/overview.htmlDARPA Biosensor Technologies http://www.darpa.mil/dso/thrust/biosci/biosensor/overview.html

Wearable Group http://www.wearablegroup.org/publications/Wearable Group http://www.wearablegroup.org/publications/

London South Bank University Enzyme Technology London South Bank University Enzyme Technology http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/biology/enztech/biosensors.htmlhttp://www.lsbu.ac.uk/biology/enztech/biosensors.html

Documents

BIOSENSORS By: Dan Lander Haru Yamamoto Sabiha Hasan