BIOT-SAVART LAW

Introduction

• A useful law that provides a method to calculate the magnetic field produced by an arbitrary current distribution.

• First discovered by Jean-Baptiste Biot and

Félix Savart in the beginning of 19th century

Definition

• The differential contribution dB to the magnetic field B from a length ds of a current I is given by the formula

with

the permeability of free space.

Thus the total magnetic field vector B is the sum of all of these small elements or, since they are differentially small, it is equivalent to the integral of dB over the current source.

Several key points to remember:

• B is a vector quantity which direction is determined by the cross product ds x r (and is perpendicular to both ds and r)

• The integration takes place over the entire current source (finite or infinite)

• Since the integral is a vector integral, the expression for B is really three integrals, one for each component of B.

General Methodology To Follow

Important Examples

I) Magnetic Field Due to a Finite Straight Wire

II) Magnetic Field Due to a Circular Current Loop

Summary of the two examples

References

• Physics for Engineers and Scientists, Chapter 29 Hans C. Ohanian, John T. Markert

• Fundamentals of Physics, Chapter 30 Halliday, Resnick, Walker • Introduction to Electricity and Magnetism ,S.-B.

Liao, P. Dourmashkin, J. Belcher