Biotic and Abiotic Factors

What are factors that organisms need in order to survive, or that

affect their survival?

Biotic and Abiotic Factors

Biotic and abiotic factors are interrelated.

If one factor is changed or removed, it impacts the availability of other resources within the system.

Biotic Factors Biotic factors are all of the living organisms in the

environment.

They include animals (insects, birds, reptiles, fish), plants, fungi, protists and bacteria are all biotic or living factors.

Abiotic Factors Abiotic factors are nonliving factors that

affect living organisms. Examples are:

Water Temperature

Sunlight Wind

Rocks / Soil

Periodic Disturbances –fire, volcanoes, hurricanes, tornadoes

Biotic and Abiotice Factors Video

Ecosystem

Biotic and abiotic factors combine to create an ecosystem.

An ecosystem is a community of living and nonliving things considered as a unit.

Competition Living organisms compete with organisms of

the same species as well as other species for Food Water For nesting space / shelter For mates to produce offspring Nutrients from the soil Sunlight for photosynthesis Space to grow

The Impact of Changing Factors

If a single factor is changed, perhaps by pollution or natural phenomenon, the whole system could be altered.

For example, humans can alter environments through farming or irrigating. While we usually cannot see what we are doing to various ecosystems, the impact is being felt all over.

For example, acid rain in certain regions has resulted in the decline of fish population.

The Impact of Changing Factors

If a single factor is changed, perhaps by pollution or natural phenomenon, the whole system could be altered.

For example, humans can alter environments through farming or irrigating. While we usually cannot see what we are doing to various ecosystems, the impact is being felt all over.

For example, acid rain in certain regions has resulted in the decline of fish population.

SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS

Create a Concept Web in your Science Journal That looks like

this

Mutualism

Symbiosis

Commensalism

Parasitism

What is symbiosis?

Definition: A close relationship between two different kinds of organisms in which at least one of the organisms benefits.

It is usually a relationship that lasts over a period of time .

Types of Symbiosis

There are three types of symbiotic relationships.MutualismCommensalismParasitism

Mutualism Mutualism is a type

of symbiosis in which both organisms benefit from the relationship.

The clownfish and sea anemone are an example of mutualism. Although these anemones stun and devour other species of fish, clownfish are not harmed. Clownfishes were thought to be commensal on the giant sea anemones, but there now is evidence that the aggressively territorial clownfishes chase away butterfly fishes, who eat anemone

tentacles.

Mutualism:Moray eel with Cleaner Fish

Moray eel gets a clean mouth Cleaner Fish gets a meal

Commensalism Commensalism is a

type of symbiosis where one species benefits while the second species is neither helped nor harmed.

(it is unaffected)

Cattle and egret.

Commensalism: Cattle w/ cattle egrets

Cattle stir up insects as they eat grass

Egrets hang around and eat insects

Orchids grow on tree branches in rainforests to be closer to sunlight

Parasitism Parasitism is a type

of symbiosis where one organism benefits while the other is harmed.

Usually the parasite lives in or on the host organism.

Wasp and caterpillar

Parasites common in dogs

Aphids or “Plant Lice” suck the sap from plants

Do parasites generally kill their host?

Why?