Birth of the PRC

• Order-Chaos Fulfilled?

• New Ideology

• Mao Dynasty?

• Nationalism legitimizes the Communists

• October 1, 1949

CPC IdeologyCPC IdeologyKarl Marx and Friedrich Engels and Friedrich Engels

The Communist Manifesto 18481848

• Basics: Capitalism is exploitationBasics: Capitalism is exploitation

• Rich exploit poorRich exploit poor

• Government enforces exploitationGovernment enforces exploitation

• Worker’s revolutionWorker’s revolution

• Communism phase begins:Communism phase begins:– End private property; End private property; – create collective ownershipcreate collective ownership

Mao Zedong Thought

• Vanguard • Peasant

revolution• The Mass Line

– Campaigns• Revolutionary

Struggle

1893-1976

To Study Chinese Government

1. Government Structure

2. Party Structure

3. Leadership and Decision Making

Report on Chinese Political System (US Congress)

Key Points

1. Dual Structure: Government and PartyXi Jinping Xi Jinping

President of China General Secretary of CPC

Key Points

2. Informality, Factionalism, Personal Rivalries

1980s Factional Struggle

Zhao Ziyang Li Peng

Government StructureFormal Government: Constitution

Standing Comm.

The Cabinet ;

Headed by Premier; State Council CenterControls Ministries, Commissions,Institutions, Working Organs Standing Comm. of NPC

National People’s Congresssmaller committees Province

small committees

large committees

smaller committeesCounty small committees

large committees

smaller committees City small committees

large committees

smaller committees small committees

Work Unit large committees

Communist Party StructureFormal CPC Structure: Constitution of CPC

General Secretary Politburo Standing Comm. (7-9 members)of the CCP

;

Party Secretariat Politburo Central Military Commission

Central CommitteeCentral Committee PLADepartments National Party Congress

smaller committees Provincesmall committees

large committees

smaller committeesCounty small committees

large committeessmaller committees

City small committeeslarge committees

smaller committees small committees

Work Unit large committees

15th Party Congress 1997

3rd Generation 1997-20021. General Secretary Jiang Zemin (President)2. Li Peng (Chair NPC)3. Zhu Rongji (Premier)4. Li Ruihuan5. Hu Jintao, 6. Wei Jianxing7. Li Langing

4th Generation PSC 2002-20124th Generation

16th Party Congress 20021. General Secretary Hu

Jintao (President)2. Wu Bangguo (Chair

NPC)3. Wen Jiabao (Premier)4. Jia Qinglin5. Zeng Qinghong6. Huang Ju7. Wu Guanzheng8. Li Changchun9. Luo Gan

4th Generation

17th Party Congress 20071. Hu Jintao2. Wu Bangguo3. Wen Jiabao4. Jia Qinglin5. Li Changchun6. Xi Jinping7. Li Keqiang8. He Guoqiang9. Zhou Yongkang

4th Generation to 5th Generation4th Generation

17th Party Congress 20071. Hu Jintao2. Wu Bangguo3. Wen Jiabao4. Jia Qinglin5. Li Changchun6. Xi Jinping7. Li Keqiang8. He Guoqiang9. Zhou Yongkang

5th Generation

18th Party Congress 2012

1. Xi Jinping

2. Li Keqiang

3. Zhang Dejiang

4. Yu Zhengsheng

5. Liu Yunshan

6. Wang Qishan

7. Zhang Gaoli

5th Generation Leadership18th Party Congress

Structure: Leaders

1.Xi Jinping (President)

2.Li Keqiang (Premier)

3.Zhang Dejiang (Chair, NPC)

4.Yu Zhengsheng

5.Liu Yunshan

6.Wang Qishan

7.Zhang Gaoli (Vice Premier)

Other Aspects of Government and Party

• Judiciary (Supreme People’s Court)

• Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)

• Ministry of State Security– intelligence

• Ministry of Public Security– police

Factional Political Debates

• Mao Era: The pace of revolution

• Reform Era: The pace of reform

• Always: Personalities and Loyalties

Factional Political Conflict• Mao Era: First Among Equals

– hazardous to your health

Marshal Peng Dehuai Prisoner Peng Dehuai

Factional Political Conflict• Reform Era:

– Debate: Intra-Party Democracy, – Decision: Democratic Centralism– Tiananmen Square: Factional Battle 1989

Zhao Ziyang – Out Jiang Zemin - In

Decision Making

• Party, Government, Factionalism

• How are Decisions Made?

Guidance: Leading Small Groups