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Monitoring marine litter, a part of the joint Norwegian/Russian ecosystem survey in the Barents Sea. Bjørn Einar Grøsvik 1 , Elena Eriksen 1 , Tatiana Prokhorova 2 , Pavel Krivosheya 2. Institute of Marine Research PINRO, Russland. Stranded litter at Garnes, Bergen. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Monitoring marine litter, a part of the joint Norwegian/Russian ecosystem
survey in the Barents Sea
Bjørn Einar Grøsvik1, Elena Eriksen1,
Tatiana Prokhorova2, Pavel Krivosheya2
1) Institute of Marine Research2) PINRO, Russland
Stranded litter at Garnes, Bergen
EU: Good environmental status by 2020
11 descriptors:
1- Biological diversity is maintained.
6 - Sea-floor integrity is at a level that ensures that the structure and functions of the ecosystems.
8 - Concentrations of contaminants are at levels not giving rise to pollution effects.
9 - Contaminants in fish and other seafood for human consumption do not exceed levels established by Community legislation or other relevant standards.
10 - Properties and quantities of marine litter do not cause harm to the coastal and marine environment.
▶ Main goal
IMR has a free and independent role in all scientific questions
• Explore the environment and the biology of the oceans and coasts
• Give advice to the Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs, the Food Safety Authority, the fishing industry and other stakeholders regarding management of the ocean and coast’s biological resources and environment
• Communicate the research results
• Develop technology for fisheries and catching
▶ Main focus areas
• Aquaculture and coastal areasAquaculture and coastal areas • OceansOceans• External influencesExternal influences
Autumn survey activityJoint Norwegian-Russian Ecosystem survey in the Barents Sea during autumn aimed to obtain capelin, herring, polar cod, blue whiting, shrimps and 0-group abundance estimates/ indices, and monitor the status of some ecosystem components and processes
August-September: largest ice-free area and minimal stocks migration. Timing is optimal to reflect feeding success and for assessing pelagic fish stocks for
assessment and fisheries management advice.
Advantages with the present monitoring
highly functional collaboration between Norway and Russia
comprehensive spatial coverage and adequate resolution
the results/output covers important assessment tasks and some ecosystem components and processes
multidisciplinary focus increases the scientific knowledge about the ecosystem
VilniusJohan Hjort
G.O.Sars
Helmar Hanssen
Some examples..
Litter observed at surface
2013
2011
2012
2010
m3m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
Surface currents averaged for 2000-2011
Map by Vidar Lien, IMR
Litter in pelagic and bottom trawls
g
2013
2010
2012
2011
g
g
Pelagic: contourBottom: without
Bottom currents averaged for 2000-2011
Map by Vidar Lien, IMR
Still there are many questions
• The litter registration is dependent of catchability
and the amount may be underestimated• We do not register degradation products
like microplastic and nanoplastic• To which degree may these be taken up by
organisms?• And how it may affect their fitness• We do not know of which other pollutants that
adsorbs to different types of plastic
Plastic ingestion by the supralittoral amphipod Orchestia gammarellus
Photo: Anlaug Furu Boddington
• OSPAR: 15 countries together with EU, cooperate to protect the marine environment of the North-East Atlantic.
• It started in 1972 with the Oslo Convention against dumping of hazardous waste in the Atlantic and the North Sea.
• It was broadened to cover land-based sources and the offshore industry by the Paris Convention of 1974.
• These two conventions were unified, up-dated and extended by the 1992 OSPAR Convention.
• Annex on biodiversity and ecosystems was adopted in 1998 to cover non-polluting human activities that can adversely affect the sea.
Conclusion
• We should work for reducing discharges of litter• Produce more environmental friendly and
degradable plastic products• Improve methods and develop standards for
monitoring• We need more knowledge on how litter or
degradation products may effect ecosystem health
Thanks for your attention!
Thanks for your attention!