BLOCK #11: * Nervous System

*Muscle + Movement Review

Review: Muscle + movement

The Teen brain

• Video on website

Word parts:

Cerebell/o

Cerebr/o

Spin/o

Intra-

Neur/i, neur/o

Myel/o

Poly-

-um

Crani/o

-al

Inter-

Mening/o

-graphy

-itis

Nervous vocab Breakdown• Using your word part practice

square, copy these words, identify the word parts, then write a literal definition

• Cerebellum

• Cerebrospinal

• Interneuron

• Intracranial

• Myelography

• Polyneuritis

Continue: Nervous System

• Central nervous system (CNS)• Center of control, consists of the

brain and spinal cord

• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)• System outside the brain and spinal

cord (CNS). These nerve connect the CNS to sensory organs

• Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)• involuntary nerves

• Somatic Nervous System (SNS)• voluntary nerves, senses

Vocab continued:

• Brain Stem: • maintains the heart beat, respiration and BP

• Cerebrum:• largest area of the brain

• Cerebellum: • directs coordination, muscle tone, equilibrium

• Diencephalon: • contains the hypothalamus and the thalamus.

Regulates and coordinates the activity of the ANS, controls hormone secretion and appetite

• Meninges: • three membranes that surround and protect

the brain and spinal cord

• Cerebral Spinal Fluid • fluid contained in the brain’s ventricles,

intracranial spaces, and central canal of the spinal cord

Vocab:

• Neuron• highly specialized basic element of

nervous system

• Afferent• sensory

• Efferent• motor neurons

• Interneurons• connecting nerves that carry

messages from afferent nerves to efferent nerves

• Synapse• space between two neurons

• Neurotransmitter• chemical messenger, released from

the axon of one neuron, that travels to another nearby neuron

• Stimulus• any substance or action that produces

a response

• Reflex• an involuntary action in response to a

stimulus

• Impulse• sudden pushing force

Vocab review: row review• Central nervous system

• Peripheral Nervous System

• Autonomic Nervous System

• Somatic Nervous System

• Brain Stem:

• Cerebrum:

• Cerebellum:

• Diencephalon:

• Meninges:

• Cerebral Spinal Fluid

Brain games episode

Brain games:

• Reflexes!

• In LAB groups

Intro to Cranial Nerves

# Name Function

I Olfactory Smell

II Optic vision

III Oculomotor Move eyes, focus, pupil size

Bell Ringer

•Right foot makes a clockwise circle in the air at the same time draw a 6 in the air with your finger.

• Can you do it?

LAB: Movement Procedure #3

Intro to Cranial Nerves# Name Function

I Olfactory Smell

II Optic Vision

III Oculomotor Move eyes,focus, pupil size

IV Trochlear Rotate eyes

V Trigeminal Facial and head sensation

VI Abducens Move eyeslaterally

VII Facial Controls facial expression, taste

Brain reading Guiding Questions

1. How many impulses per second can a nerve send? (1st page)

2. A nerve cell can be described as a spider. Look at the picture, what else does it look like?

3. (2nd pg, 2nd paragraph) The 12 million nerve cells are described as a highway that are all connected. What child hood game could you relate this to?

4. What is a funny bone???

5. What part of your brain makes logical thought (don’t punch that kid)

6. Define reflex: think of this morning, did a reflex bypass occur?

7. Talk and give examples of the 3 types of memory

8. Look at the last paragraph (Amazing facts) Which one is your favorite. Can you add to them?

Video: teenage brain: Sci Show• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhzeIMBCO_k

Neuron Anatomy

Nervous System Outline

Health Occupations

Standard deviant video on website

Nervous System Functions• Directs the functions of all human body systems

• 100 Billion Nerve cells

• Carry messages from brain to rest of body

Neurons

• The basic element of nervous system

• Highly specialized

• Vary in function, shape, and size

• Separated by synapses• Gaps in between each neuron

• Neurotransmitters• Stimulates impulse to jump to next nerve

Neurons • 3 Parts

• Cell Body• Have fibers to reach out to send or

receive impulses

• Dendrites• Thin branching extensions of cell body

• Conduct nerve impulses to cell body

• Axon• Conducts nerve impulses away from cell body

• Covered by a myelin sheath• Fatty tissue that makes impulse travel faster

• End of axon has fibers that let the impulse leave the nerve

Neurons• 2 Basic Properties

• Excitability• Ability to respond to a stimulus

• Conductivity• Ability to transmit a signal

Video: Neuron Anatomy/Function

Types of Neurons

• 3 Types• Efferent (motor)

• Carry information to muscles and glands from CNS

• Afferent (sensory)• Carry information from sensory system to CNS

• Interneurons• Carry and process sensory information

Neuroglias

• Support, connect, protect, and remove debris

• Do not transmit impulses

• Form blood-brain barrier• Permits some chemical substances to

reach the brain’s neurons but blocks most others

Neuroglia video

• On website

Brain games:

• #’s 4,5,8

• In LAB groups

Careers Tour• Psychiatrist:

• Description: Physicians who diagnose, treat, and help prevent disorders of the mind through a combination of personal counseling (psychotherapy), psychoanalysis, hospitalization, and medication. Psychiatrists may prescribe medications

• Prep:• Bachelors degree (4 years)• Med School (4 years)• Residency (3 years)

• Wages: $170,000

• Please visit the other stations and learn about: • Acupuncturist• Anesthesiologist• Optician• Optometrist

Intro to Cranial Nerves# Name Function

I Olfactory Smell

II Optic Vision

III Oculomotor Move eyes, focus, pupil size

IV Trochlear Rotate eyes

V Trigeminal Facial and head sensation

VI Abducens Moves eyes laterally

VII Fascial Controls facial expressions, taste

VIII Acoustic Hearing and balance

IX glossopharyngeal Taste and swallowing

X vagus Speech and swallowing

Brain anatomy

1

2

3

4

5

6

8

9

10

7

Midbrain

1112

Central Nervous System (CNS)

•Consists of:•Brain• Spinal cord

•Center of Control

CNS Functions

•Receives and interprets all stimuli

• Sends nerve impulses to instruct muscles and glands to take over or respond to certain actions

•Causes Voluntary and Involuntary actions

Brain Divisions

•Brainstem

•Cerebellum

•Cerebrum

•Diencephalon

Brain Stem• Midbrain

• Visual and auditory reflexes

• Pons• Controls certain respiratory functions

(breathing)

• Medulla Oblongata• Regulates heart & lung functions (BP and

Respiration)• Swallowing• Vomiting• Coughing• sneezing

Cerebellum

•Coordinates voluntary musculoskeletal movement•Maintains balance•Posture•Muscle tone

Cerebrum• 2 hemispheres

• Left and Right• Cerebral Cortex

• Conscious decision making• Four Lobes

• Frontal• Moral Behavior, voluntary motor movements,

personality, memory, reasoning, emotion• Parietal

• Controls and interprets senses and taste, understanding speech, choosing words

• Temporal• Memory, equilibrium, emotion, hearing,

memory of music and visual scenes• Occipital

• Vision, interpretation

Diencephalon• Deep portion of brain

• Contains: • Thalamus

• Hypothalamus

• Relay center for sensations

• Controls: • Heart rate

• Blood pressure

• Temperature regulation

• Water and electrolyte balance

• Digestive functions

• Glandular activities

REVIEW Square!

• Functions of neuron and all parts of the brain

Brain Puzzle

• In lab groups:• Put together puzzle and labeling

cards

• Can correct with Nervous packet once I have said you may.

• Answers slide 84

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

• Fills the area between the brain and cranium

•Watery fluid that contains various compound

•Cradles and cushions brain

Spinal Cord

• Extends from base of brain to first lumbar vertebrae in back

• Protected by: • Cerebrospinal fluid• Vertebral column• Meninges

• 3 layers of membranes that cover brain and spinal cord

Meninges

• Dura Mater (outer layer)• Tough, fibrous• Contains channels for blood to enter brain

tissue

• Arachnoid Mater (middle layer)• Web-like structure

• Pia Mater (innermost layer)• Contains blood vessels that nourish spinal

cord

Video: Sensory and motor/CNS

Peripheral Nervous System

•12 Cranial Nerves•Carry impulses to and

from the brain

•31 pairs of spinal nerves•Carry messages to and

from the spinal cord and the torso and extremities of the body

Peripheral Nervous System

• 2 Subsystems according to function• Somatic Nervous System• Autonomic Nervous System

Somatic Nervous System

•Receive and process sensory input from the skin, muscles, tendons, joints, eyes, tongue, nose and ears

• Excite voluntary contraction of skeletal muscles

Autonomic Nervous System

•Carry impulses from the central nervous system to glands, various involuntary muscles, cardiac muscle, and membranes

• Stimulates organs, glands and senses by stimulating secretions of substances

•Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

Autonomic Nervous System• Sympathetic

• Operates when the body is under stress

• Activates responses necessary to react in dangerous or abnormal situations

• Fight or Flight response

• Parasympathetic• Operates to keep the body in

homeostasis under normal conditions

The End

Brain games:

• #’s

• In LAB groups

Cranial Nerves

Testing

Cranial Nerve I

•Nerve•Olfactory

• Function• Smell

• Test•Have them smell

something

Cranial Nerve II• Nerve

• Optic

• Function• Vision

• Test• See the scoreboard? • How many fingers

am I holding up?

Cranial Nerve III

• Nerve• Occulomotor

• Function• Move eyes, focus, pupil

size

• Test• Use penlight for pupil

reaction• Look at shape of pupil

Cranial Nerve IV

• Nerve• Trochlear

• Function• Rotate Eyes

• Test• Follow finger

Cranial Nerve V

•Nerve• Trigeminal

• Function• Facial and Head

Sensation

• Test• Touch Face

Cranial Nerve VI

• Nerve• Abducens

• Function• Move eyes laterally

• Test• Follow finger from left to

right

Cranial Nerve VII

• Nerve• Facial

• Function• Controls facial

expressions, taste

• Test• Make a funny face

Cranial Nerve VIII

• Nerve• Acoustic

• Function• Hearing and

Balance

• Test• Snap Fingers,

balance

Cranial Nerves IX• Nerve

• Glossopharyngeal

• Function• Taste and

Swallowing

• Test• Have them taste

something

Cranial Nerve X

• Nerve• Vagus

• Function• Speech and

swallowing

• Test• swallow

Cranial Nerve XI•Nerve• Spinal Accessory

• Function•Move neck and

back muscles• Test•Resist shoulder

shrug

Cranial Nerve XII

• Nerve• Hypoglossal

• Function• Tongue movement

• Test• Stick out tongue

Acronym

• On Old Olympus Towering Tops A Fin And Greek ViewedSome Hops

• Can you think of one?

Nervous System Health Concerns

The man from Poland was doing some DIY in the garden when he slipped and fell face first onto his Phillips screwdriver. He fell with such force the tool was wedged 5cm into his forehead, narrowly missing his brain. Detecting a strange object near his eye, the man - who has chosen not to reveal his identity - took a look in his car mirror when he noticed the screwdriver lodged in his head.

Alzheimer’s Disease

• Etiology• Progressive degeneration of neurons in brain

• S/S• Deterioration in mental capacity

• Loss of memory, inability to use familiar objects, and understand outside stimuli

• Treatment• No cure

• Keep brain active to help prevent it

CVA• Etiology

• Strokes that affect the neurological system.

• Caused by loss of oxygen

• S/S

• Mental of physical dysfunction

• TX:

• Recover or cope, OT, learn how to walk again. . .

DOWN SYNDROME

• Etiology

• Mental retardation. Genetic disorder caused by presence of an extra chromosome

• S/S

• Short stature, short neck, broad hands, stubby fingers and toes, mental retardation

• TX:

• No cure

Encephalitis

• Etiology• Inflammation of the brain from a viral infection,

or spread of infection to brain

• Infection from measles, mumps, or chickenpox, herpes (type 1)

• S/S• Fever, headache, seizures, weakness, visual

disturbances, vomiting, stiff neck and back, disorientation

• Treatment• Antiviral medications to prevent death

Meningitis

• Etiology• Inflammation of the meninges• Bacterial, or viral

• S/S• Fever, headache, stiff neck

• Treatment• Antibiotics• Medications for symptoms

Parkinson’s Disease

• Etiology• Degeneration of nerves in the brain

• S/S• Tremors, weakness of muscles, difficulty

walking

• Treatment• Drugs that increase levels of dopamine

to help relieve symptoms

• No cure

sciatica

• Eti: • Constant pain radiating from the back and

buttocks to the leg caused by interverebraldisc damage

• S/S: • Pain down the leg and butt

• Tx:• Stretching, controlling the pain

Spina Bifida

• Etiology• A defect in the spinal cord in which the

cord and/or its covering protrude outside the vertebrae

• congenital

• S/S• Protrusion outside the skin

• Varying degrees of paralysis, lack of feeling and movement below protrusion

• Treatment• surgery

Concussion

• Etiology• Injury to the brain caused by impact (but

not always)

• S/S• Headache, noise and light sensitivity,

dizziness, nystagmus

• Treatment• No activity until symptom free for 24

hours• Stress test and re-evaluation by Health

care professional

Hydrocephalus

• Etiology• An overproduction of CSF in the brain

• Congenital, or result of infection or tumor

• S/S• Headache, swelling

• Treatment• Drain the fluid through the use of a

shunt

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

• Etiology• Destruction of the myelin sheath

• S/S• Muscle weakness, unsteady walking,

parasthesia (tingling), extreme fatigue, paralysis

• Treatment• No cure

• Medication to help slow and reduce symptoms

Cerebral Palsy

• Etiology• Cerebral damage during gestation or

birth

• S/S• Lack of motor coordination,

and other neurological

deficiencies

• Treatment• No cure

Epilepsy

• Etiology• Abnormal conditions in the brain cause sudden

excessive electrical activity

• S/S• Chronic, recurrent seizure activity

• Petit Mal = momentary disorientation

• Grand Mal = convulsions, twitching of limbs, loss of consciousness

• Treatment• Anti-seizure

medication

Tourette’s Syndrome

• Etiology• Neurological dysfunction

• S/S• Uncontrollable sounds

and twitches

• Treatment• Drugs to control

symptoms

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Lou Gehrig’s Disease

• Etiology• Degenerative disease of the motor neurons

• S/S• Loss of muscle control

• Death

• Treatment• Medications to relieve symptoms and complications, maintain

muscle functions and movement, and delay paralysis and disability for as long as possible.

Hemiplegia• Etiology

• Paralysis on one side of the body

• Usually due to a stroke

• S/S• Unable to move one side or feel heat, cold,

pressure, pain

• Drooping eyelid or side of face

• Treatment• No cure

Paraplegia

• Etiology• Paralysis from the waist down

caused by accident/injury

• S/S• Inability to move or feel distal to the

injury sight

• Inability to control urine and bowel functions

• Treatment• No cure

Quadriplegia• Etiology

• Paralysis from the neck down

• Injury to the 4th cervical vertebrae

• S/S• Inability to move or feel distal to the

injury

• Prone to respiratory and urinary tract infections

• Treatment• No cure

FRONTAL:- PERSONALITY,

BEHAVIOR- MEMORY- REASONING, EMOTION

MOTOR:- CONTROLS MOVEMENT

SENSORY:- SENSATIONS OF HEAT AND PAIN

PARIETAL:- UNDERSTANDING

SPEECH- CHOOSING WORDS

OCCIPITAL:- VISION AND INTERPRETATION

CEREBELLUM:- COORDINATION

OF VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT

- BALANCE

PONS: - BREATHING

MEDULLA: - INVOLUNTARY

MOVEMENTS- HEARTBEAT- BP- RESPIRATION- SWALLOWING

MIDBRAIN:- VISUAL AND AUDITORY

TEMPORAL:- HEARING AND

UNDERSTANDING SPEECH

- MEMORY OF MUSIC, VISUAL SCENES

Practice quizzes

A. Frontal Lobe

B. Motor

C. Sensory

D. Parietal lobe

E. Occipital lobe

F. Cerebellum

G. Pons

H. Medulla

I. Midbrain

J. Cerebrum

K. Temporal lobe

1. understanding speech

2. breathing

3. personality, behavior

4. involuntary movements

5. vision and interpretation

6. reasoning and emotion

7. balance

8. respiration

9. heart beat

10. largest section

11. swallowing

12. memory

13. choosing words

14. BP

15. visual and auditory

16. memory of music, visual scenes

17. hearing and understanding speech

18. sensations of heat and pain

Nervous System Compare & Contrast

Health Occ

Own your own piece of paper, make a table that looks like the one below.

CNS PNS

Sympathetic Parasympathetic

Sections of the Brain

Cerebrum Diencephalon

Cerebellum Brain Stem

Sensory Cortex Motor Cortex

Frontal Lobe Parietal Lobe

Temporal Lobe Occipital Lobe

Pons Medulla

Mid Brain

Put the following information into the appropriate section of the table.

• Contains the pons, medulla, and the midbrain

• Maintains heartbeat, respiration, and blood pressure

• Controls movement

• Consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves

• Hearing and understanding speech and printed words

• Memory of music and visual scenes

• Contains the hypothalamus and the thalamus

• Stimulated in situations that require action; fight or flight reaction

• Control of involuntary movements

• Heartbeat, blood pressure

• Respirations, and swallowing

• Sensations of heat and pain

• Functions as the coordinator of the bodysfull nervous system, contains nerves that control connections between impulses coming to and from brain and rest of the body

• Coordination of voluntary movement, balance

• Functions in response to normal, everyday situations

• Personality, behavior

• Memory, reasoning, emotion

• Breathing, relaying impulses between cerebellum and medulla

• Largest area and is divided into 2 hemispheres

• Vision and its interpretation

• Visual and auditory reflex

• Understanding speech, choosing words

Nervous system break down

On your desk/paper make your web:

Neuron CNS PNS

3 types

3 structures

functions

divisions

Using the following word banks fill in your web

• SNS

• Cell body

• Afferent

• Interprets all stimuli

• Brainstem

• Sympathetic system

• ANS

• Axon

• Cerebrum

• Has voluntary and involuntary actions

• Diencephalon

• Dendrites

• Efferent

• Parasympathetic system

• Sends impulses to muscles and glands

• Interneurons

• cerebellum

Neuron CNS PNS

Break down the 4 divisions of the cerebrum:• Midbrain

• Occipital

• thalamus

• Pons

• frontal

• Medulla oblongata

• Temporal

• hypothalamus

• parietal

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3

2

4

5

6

2 Slides Name the view/surface

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