BLOCKCHAIN FOR SMART CITIESPRESENTATION

RAPID URBANIZATION• Globally people are moving from rural areas to

major cities (largely in developing nations of Asia &Africa)

• Sharp increases in urban populations puts amassive strain on resources such as infrastructure,energy, food, transportation & jobs.

• Healthcare won’t be able to keep up. Not to• Healthcare won’t be able to keep up. Not tomention huge increases in pollution.

• How will these future megacities provide liveableconditions & economic opportunities during such atransition? Where will everyone work?

Solution – Urgent need to make their cities “smarter” by leveraging the technological breakthrough, employing concepts such as Internet of Things (IoT) & blockchain technology.

SMART CITY

Smart city integrates digital city, Internet, & IoT (sensors in everything from buildings to pipes) enabling residents &infrastructure to interact for mutual benefit. Sensors transmit information to processing center though Internet, wirelessnetworks, or optical fiber. Intelligent systems comprehensively analyze massive amount of data & use it to refine urbanoperations control & management.

SMART CITIES - GLOBAL

USA (Delaware)

moving state archives to an

open distributed

ledger & stock

UKManage distribution of

grants

South Korea Blockchain

ecosystem for banks

RussiaSecure trading

and transactionsbetween

stakeholders

SwedenReal Estate transactions on

blockchain

ledger & stock trade via the blockchain UAE

Government wide

transactions on blockchain

Estoniahealthcare,

judicial/legislative services, personal data, ID management, and

more

SingaporePrevent trade invoice fraud

banks

Countries such as Estonia, UAE, Sweden, USA & UK have already taken the lead in pioneering blockchain applications inthe government & public sector. Dubai, which recently committed to transitioning all government transactions toblockchain by 2020 estimated that it could save nearly 100 million pages of documents generated in paperworkeach year, 25.1 million hours of productive time & nearly 411 million km of travel time for its citizens.

Urban population – 1 Bn. (2025) projected

Challenges - Traffic, increased energy / power /water use, Urban management

No. of Pilots – ~ 500

IT spend – ~ 15 Bn. USD (Hardware ~65% &software / connectivity -35%)

SMART CITIES - CHINA

Focus – M2M technologies, intelligent traffictransit / visual surveillance systems, Vehicle toEverything (V2X) connectivity, officer wearables, AI,robotics

Issues - lacks regulations to protect its citizens’private data from mass exploitation, China’supcoming compulsory social ratings system hasbeen controversial

Highlights - Predominantly powered by private-sectorgiants like Alibaba, Huawei & others which has enabledcities across China to rapidly enhance their tech &innovation capabilities to meet citizen needs.

City

Project

Hangzhou

City Brain

Shanghai

Citizen Cloud

Beijing Guangzhou Xian

Huawei Pay

N.A N.A N.A

SMART CITIES – CHINA – LIVE PILOTS

Company Alibaba

System

Benefit

Cameras systems & sensors analyse real-time traffic / weather

data

Cut down travel times & quicker response time

for ambulance / accidents

Huawei

Chip-sets embedded in over 300 parking lots

transmit real-time data to car drivers via app

Eases congestions & eliminates costs for manual supervisors

Health information platform collects patient records from municipal hospitals & stores over

8 million electronic health records

Citizens can make appointments, pay

hospital fees and access other healthcare

services

Government

Mobile app payments for public transport and

retail

Commuters can pay by simply tapping their

smartphones at metro / subway gantries & retail

shops

Huawei Pay Government

Government can create public services that

cater to the needs of their new migrants

Big data analytics to track population (backgrounds &

occupations) movements from rural towns to the city itself

• Connecting physical infrastructure to the Internet makes systems vulnerable to new securitythreats. Because data transmission & interaction is on such a large scale, information security is acritical concern.

• IoT devices / sensors are low complexity devices & can be easily hacked or cloned

• Consequences of failure are more dire. Stakes have been raised by connecting more physical systems &facilities to wireless networks. When cars or critical systems are hacked, people can die or infrastructurecan come to standstill

SMART CITIES - CHALLENGES

can come to standstill

• Many connected devices are built with software, hardware, & firmware that are created by differentcompanies and pieced together at the end. It takes only one weak link to create a vulnerability

• Uneven urban planning results in heterogeneous technologies across cities, & inherent differences dueto regional economies, politics, and cultures exacerbate the unevenness.

BLOCKCHAIN FOR SMART CITIES - ADVANTAGES• Integration of blockchain technology with devices in a smart city will create a common platform where all devices

would be able to communicate securely in a distributed environment. The future works will aim to design a system-level model to investigate the interoperability & scalability of different platforms used in a smart city.

• Blockchain incorporated with IoT will make IoT devices more useful – rather more powerful. Blockchain can be usedto develop a digital record connecting thousands or even more computers while curbing the risk of hacking.

• This will create greater transparency, immutability & security to all processes.• This will create greater transparency, immutability & security to all processes.

• Using blockchain, with its cryptographic private & public key pair mechanism, for creating a digital identity can be asecure solution.

• Smart contracts execute autonomously between several parties once certain pre-set conditions are met.

• Combination of Blockchain and IoT will introduce a completely new set of services and businesses for everyone.

• Blockchain can streamline transportation, energy, healthcare, etc. By developing smarter cities & utilizing blockchainas a secure resource, city leaders can provide community members with tools they need for success.

BLOCKCHAIN APPLICATIONS• Smart city initiatives involving blockchain include: smart waste management, decreased pollution, improved

transportation, increased business productivity, peer-to-peer (P2P) green energy networking, decentralized identitymanagement & improved government efficiency.

• Smart Payments – Facilitate all municipal payments on a blockchain based solution, including: city programs,assistance, welfare, payroll, etc.

• Identity – Latest Decentralised Identity Management systems use blockchain to provide a secure mechanism forstoring & validating user identities, thereby reducing identity thefts & related frauds.

• Transportation Management – Use of blockchain to remove the rent-seekers in the ridesharing economy (Uber,etc.). This enables a truly p2p platform for transportation.

• Smart Energy – Create a more resilient power grid by using a blockchain powered p2p energy market. Thisremoves sent seeking middle men & allows individuals to create, buy, sell & trade energy while retaining value.

• Government Services – Smart contracts can be used for digitising citizen rights and identification, transparentvoting, tax, track ownership of assets, remove paper & automate bureaucratic processes.

• Waste management – Improve efficiencies surrounded the entire waste management process by using IoT sensors& AI prediction modelling.

KRAMAA – BLOCKCHAIN / IoT ARCHITECTURE

Blockchain Layer – Hybrid (Permissioned + Private)

Smart Contract + Application

Blockchain synchronization capabilities for IoT platforms

Application layer – Jewelry, Precious Stones

Physical Layer - IoT devices / Sensors & Actuators (Light / pressure / motion / temperature / humidity etc.)

Desktop, Android, & iOS Clients to commission, verify, send & receive IoTdevices & products.

Sandesh HegdeE- sandesh@kramaa.comM +91 989293 5802

THANK YOU