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Johannes Parlindungan SiregarPERENCANAAN WILAYAH DAN KOTA
UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA
Blog : johannes.lecture.ub.ac.idE-mail : [email protected]
PENGANTAR
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MANUSIA
LINGKUNGAN
ENVIRONMENTAL POSSIBILISM
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBABILISM
MANUSIA DAPAT MEMILIH LINGKUNGAN DAN MEMILIKI BANYAK PELUANG DALAM MENGELOLA KARAKTER LINGKUNGAN
LINGKUNGAN SEBAGAI “GIVEN NATURE” YG KEMUDIAN DAPAT MEMPENGARUHI PERILAKU MANUSIA YG DIWADAHINYA
URBAN DESIGN : MEMANIPULASI
ACTIVITY
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AKTIVITAS PENTING
AKTIVITAS PILIHAN (OPTIONAL)
AKTIVITAS SOSIAL
AKTIVITAS YG DIWADAHI RUANG KOTA :
AKTIVITAS RUTIN, BEKERJA, BERSEKOLAH
DILAKUKAN SEC. SUKARELA, KEBEBASAN WAKTU, SESUAI KONDISI TEMPAT, CUACA MAUPUN SETTING LOKASI(berjalan-jalan santai, duduk-duduk di warung pinggirjalan, mengamati orang lewat)
TERJADI SPONTAN SBG KONSEKUENSI LANGSUNG DARI PERGERAKAN MANUSIA DAN KEBERSAMAAN DI SUATU ”TEMPAT” PADA SAAT YG SAMA (aktivitas komunal, saling mendengar, diskusi, dll)
MENDAPAT KONDISI LINGKUNGAN YG BAIK
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AKTIVITAS PUBLIK
AKTIVITAS SANTAI
AKTIVITAS PRIVATBERUBAH MENJADI
BERJALAN KAKI
HIBURAN
BERTUKAR INFORMASI
KONSUMSI
NONTON TV
KENDARAAN BERMOTOR
GAME ONLINE
INTERNET, HP
DELIVERY SERVICE
MENGUASAI SEBAGIAN BESAR RUANG PUBLIK
PENURUNAN
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BENTUK UMUM “PUBLIC SPACE”
EXTERNAL PUBLIC SPACE
INTERNAL PUBLIC SPACE
EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL “QUASI” PUBLIC SPACE
BAGIAN LAHAN YG BERADA DI ANTARA KEPEMILIKAN PRIVAT. (ALUN –ALUN, JALAN, TAMAN, PARKIR, dll)
RUANG PADA FASILITAS – FASILITAS UMUM DIMANA WARGA BEBAS MENGAKSES (PERPUSTAKAAN UMUM, MUSIUM, TERMINAL /STASIUN KENDARAAN UMUM, dll)
RUANG PUBLIK DENGAN KEPEMILIKAN “PRIVAT” (FASILITAS-FASILITAS KOMERSIAL, KAMPUS). PENGELOLA RUANG BEBAS MELAKUKAN PENGENDALIAN AKSES DAN PERILAKU.
AKSESIBILITAS
BENTUK UMUM BERDASARKAN POSISI “PUBLIC SPACE”
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AKSESIBILITAS
MORFOLOGI RUANG BERDASARKAN AKSESIBILITAS
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PUBLIK SEMI - PUBLIK
SEMI - PRIVATPRIVAT BIDDULPH. 2007
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Proceedings: Eighth International Space Syntax Symposium Santiago, PUC, 2012
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This situation could be observed in detail in figure 7 where these two district parks are compared in terms of
global and local integration values and location.
Figure 6: Global integration (HHRn) and local integration (HHR3) PUBLIC
PRIVATE
Human-Environment
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• Users’ visits to a public space are the consequence of complex relational effects. • Objects in space are also perceived as relational effects made by many actants
such as shape, material, the location of an object, weather, temperature and user intention
Jihyun Kim. 2018. Designing multiple urban space: an actor-network theory analysis on multiplicity and stability of public space
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Measuring Public Space
13Vikas Mehta. 2007. A toolkit for performance measures of public space
Street as primary urban public space (Mehta, 2007)
Some indicators (not exclusively to streets):1) The Intensity of Use is determined by calculating the number of peopleengaged in some stationary and sustained activity at the block-segment. 2) The Intensity of Social Use is determined by calculating the number of people in groups of two or more engaged in some stationary and sustained social activity. 3) People’s Duration of Stay is calculated by studying how much time people spent in stationary activities at the block-segment. 4) The Temporal Diversity of Use is determined by calculating the use of the space over the duration of the day.5) The Variety of Use is determined by calculating the number of types of activities at the
block-segment. 6) The Diversity of Users is determined by calculating the variety in the gender and age of the people at each block-segment.
Simpson Diversity Index
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Dipergunakan untuk mengukur tingkat keberagaman dari komponen pemanfaatanruang, seperti: keberagaman pengguna ruang dan keberagaman aktifitas
Emily Talen.2008. Design for diversityVikas Mehta. 2007. A toolkit for performance measures of public space
A = the diversity indexN = the total number of individuals (or housing units or households) for all categoriesni = the number of individuals (or other characteristic) in the ith category.
Prinsip dasar: Ruang public seharusnya mampu mendukung keanekaragaman (diversity) terkaitpengguna dan aktifitas sesuai PUBLIK yang dimiliki.
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Emily Talen.2008. Design for diversity
Measuring Public Space
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Public Space
Dimensions
Inclusiveness
Meaningful activities
ComfortSafety
Pleasurability
Kebebasan dalam mempergunakanruang tanpa dibatas perbedaan gender, ras, agama, ideology, kondisi fisik, dll.
Space becomesmeaningful when it is useful, when it supports activities that are symbolically and culturally meaningful to individuals or groups, and when it supports sociability• safety is a person’s ability to feel
safe from the social and physical factors—from crime and traffic
• A feeling of safety may be achieved by the constant presence of people and ‘eyes on the street’ where the space becomes self-policed
Environmental conditions and the satisfaction of basic physiological needs
• Spaces become pleasurable when they are imageable, have a high level of spatial quality and sensory complexity
• Sense of place
Vikas Mehta. 2014. Evaluating Public Space
17Evans et al. 2018. Evaluating the quality of mid-sized city parks: a replication and extension of the Public Space Index
Measuring Public Space
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Faktor yang mendorong penggunaan pedestrian way
Norfizah Abdul Rahman. 2018. Creating Good Social Behavior through User-friendly Street Environment
Design Approach
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Gurer et al. 2017. Evaluation on Living Public Spaces and Their Qualities – Case Study from Ankara Konur, Karanfil and Yüksel Streets
KEPUSTAKAAN
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CARMONA, et al. 2003. PUBLIC PLACE, URBAN SPACE.SUNARYO. 2004. PENATAAN RUANG PUBLIK YANG MEMADUKAN POLA AKTIVITAS DENGAN PERUBAHAN FISIK KAWASAN. Seminar dan Lolakarya Nasional Ikatan ArsitekIndonesia. Jakarta. 21 – 22 Juli 2004BIDDULPH. 2007. INTRODUCTION TO RESIDENTIAL LAY OUT
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