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B L U E - B R A I N
Prejith SRoll No: 73
S7 Dept. of A E& IGovt Engineering College, Kozhikode
December 22, 2010
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 1 / 17
Introduction B L U E - B R A I N
Introduction
Blue BrainIBM developing a virtualbrain known as Blue brain.With in 30 years, we will beable to scan ourselves intothe computers.
Virtual Brainan artificial brain.think, take decisions basedon the past experience, &respond as the natural braincan.
Why we need Virtual Brain?knowledge & intelligence ofanyone can be kept andused for ever.get assistance from amachine.
How it is possible?small robots, or Nanobots.Super computer.
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 2 / 17
Introduction B L U E - B R A I N
Introduction
Blue BrainIBM developing a virtualbrain known as Blue brain.With in 30 years, we will beable to scan ourselves intothe computers.
Virtual Brainan artificial brain.think, take decisions basedon the past experience, &respond as the natural braincan.
Why we need Virtual Brain?knowledge & intelligence ofanyone can be kept andused for ever.get assistance from amachine.
How it is possible?small robots, or Nanobots.Super computer.
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 2 / 17
Introduction B L U E - B R A I N
Introduction
Blue BrainIBM developing a virtualbrain known as Blue brain.With in 30 years, we will beable to scan ourselves intothe computers.
Virtual Brainan artificial brain.think, take decisions basedon the past experience, &respond as the natural braincan.
Why we need Virtual Brain?knowledge & intelligence ofanyone can be kept andused for ever.get assistance from amachine.
How it is possible?small robots, or Nanobots.Super computer.
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 2 / 17
Introduction B L U E - B R A I N
Introduction
Blue BrainIBM developing a virtualbrain known as Blue brain.With in 30 years, we will beable to scan ourselves intothe computers.
Virtual Brainan artificial brain.think, take decisions basedon the past experience, &respond as the natural braincan.
Why we need Virtual Brain?knowledge & intelligence ofanyone can be kept andused for ever.get assistance from amachine.
How it is possible?small robots, or Nanobots.Super computer.
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 2 / 17
Working of the Natural Brain. B L U E - B R A I N
Working of Natural Brain.
Human BrainInformation processing centrereceives signals from sensoryneuronsin response it generates andsends new signals that instructthe body to reactbrain weighs about 1,500 grams(3 pounds) and constitutesabout 2 percent of total bodyweightSensory InputIntegrationMotor Output
How we see, hear, feel, & smell?nose - olfactory bulb -olfactory tract - thalamus -smell sensory cortexlens - vitreous disc - - rods& cones - optic nerve - brainmicroscopic buds - sensorynerve fiber - braindrum - cochlea - corti -nerve- brain forinterpretation and memory.
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 3 / 17
Working of the Natural Brain. B L U E - B R A I N
Working of Natural Brain.
Human BrainInformation processing centrereceives signals from sensoryneuronsin response it generates andsends new signals that instructthe body to reactbrain weighs about 1,500 grams(3 pounds) and constitutesabout 2 percent of total bodyweightSensory InputIntegrationMotor Output
How we see, hear, feel, & smell?nose - olfactory bulb -olfactory tract - thalamus -smell sensory cortexlens - vitreous disc - - rods& cones - optic nerve - brainmicroscopic buds - sensorynerve fiber - braindrum - cochlea - corti -nerve- brain forinterpretation and memory.
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 3 / 17
Brain Simulation B L U E - B R A I N
Brain Simulation
Natural Brain Simulated BrainINPUT - sensory cells & neu-rons
INPUT - artificial neurons &sensory cells
INTERPRETATION - ac-complished by the meansof certain states of manyneurons
INTERPRETATION - bymeans of a set of register
OUTPUT - sensory cells &neurons
OUTPUT - artificial neurons& sensory cell
MEMORY - permanent stateneuron
MEMORY - registers can bestored permanently
PROCESSING - past experi-ence stored and the current in-put
PROCESSING - stored statesand the received input & byperforming some arithmeticand logical calculations.
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 4 / 17
How the Blue Brain Projects work? B L U E - B R A I N
How the Blue Brain Projects work?
Goals & Objetives
Architecture of Blue Gene
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 5 / 17
How the Blue Brain Projects work? B L U E - B R A I N
How the Blue Brain Projects work?
Goals & Objetives
Architecture of Blue Gene
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 5 / 17
How the Blue Brain Projects work? B L U E - B R A I N
Modelling the Microcircuit
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 6 / 17
How the Blue Brain Projects work? B L U E - B R A I N
Modelling the Microcircuit
Figure: Reconstructing the neocortical column
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 7 / 17
How the Blue Brain Projects work? B L U E - B R A I N
Simulating the Microcircuitall the 8192 processors of the Blue Gene are pressed into servicea massively parallel computation solving the complexmathematical equations that govern the electrical activity in eachneuron when a stimulus is appliedthe results are communicated via interprocessor communicationtime required to simulate the circuit is about two orders ofmagnitude larger than the actual biological time simulatedThe Blue Brain team is working to streamline the computation sothat the circuit can function in real time
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 8 / 17
How the Blue Brain Projects work? B L U E - B R A I N
Interpreting the ResultsBrain simulation generates huge amounts of dataanalyses dealing with the network activity must deal with datathat easily reaches hundreds of gigabytes per second of simulationArchitects at EPFL have worked with the Blue Brain developersto design a visualization interface that translates the Blue Genedata into a 3D visual representation of the columnvisualization of the neurons shapes is a challenging task given thefact that a column of 10,000 neurons rendered in high qualitymesh accounts for essentially 1 billion triangles for which about100GB of management data is requiredelectrical impulse travels through the column, neurons light upand change color as they become electrically activevisual interface makes it possible to quickly identify areas ofinterest that can then be studied more extensively using furthersimulations
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 9 / 17
How the Blue Brain Projects work? B L U E - B R A I N
Whole Brain Simulations
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 10 / 17
What we can learn from Blue Brain? B L U E - B R A I N
What we can learn from Blue Brain?
Defining functions of the basic elements
Understanding complexity
Exploring the role of dendrites
Revealing functional diversity
Tracking the emergence of intelligence
Identifying points of vulnerability
Simulating disease and developing treatments
Providing a circuit design platform
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 11 / 17
What we can learn from Blue Brain? B L U E - B R A I N
What we can learn from Blue Brain?
Defining functions of the basic elements
Understanding complexity
Exploring the role of dendrites
Revealing functional diversity
Tracking the emergence of intelligence
Identifying points of vulnerability
Simulating disease and developing treatments
Providing a circuit design platform
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 11 / 17
What we can learn from Blue Brain? B L U E - B R A I N
What we can learn from Blue Brain?
Defining functions of the basic elements
Understanding complexity
Exploring the role of dendrites
Revealing functional diversity
Tracking the emergence of intelligence
Identifying points of vulnerability
Simulating disease and developing treatments
Providing a circuit design platform
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 11 / 17
What we can learn from Blue Brain? B L U E - B R A I N
What we can learn from Blue Brain?
Defining functions of the basic elements
Understanding complexity
Exploring the role of dendrites
Revealing functional diversity
Tracking the emergence of intelligence
Identifying points of vulnerability
Simulating disease and developing treatments
Providing a circuit design platform
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 11 / 17
What we can learn from Blue Brain? B L U E - B R A I N
What we can learn from Blue Brain?
Defining functions of the basic elements
Understanding complexity
Exploring the role of dendrites
Revealing functional diversity
Tracking the emergence of intelligence
Identifying points of vulnerability
Simulating disease and developing treatments
Providing a circuit design platform
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 11 / 17
What we can learn from Blue Brain? B L U E - B R A I N
What we can learn from Blue Brain?
Defining functions of the basic elements
Understanding complexity
Exploring the role of dendrites
Revealing functional diversity
Tracking the emergence of intelligence
Identifying points of vulnerability
Simulating disease and developing treatments
Providing a circuit design platform
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 11 / 17
What we can learn from Blue Brain? B L U E - B R A I N
What we can learn from Blue Brain?
Defining functions of the basic elements
Understanding complexity
Exploring the role of dendrites
Revealing functional diversity
Tracking the emergence of intelligence
Identifying points of vulnerability
Simulating disease and developing treatments
Providing a circuit design platform
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 11 / 17
What we can learn from Blue Brain? B L U E - B R A I N
What we can learn from Blue Brain?
Defining functions of the basic elements
Understanding complexity
Exploring the role of dendrites
Revealing functional diversity
Tracking the emergence of intelligence
Identifying points of vulnerability
Simulating disease and developing treatments
Providing a circuit design platform
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 11 / 17
What we can learn from Blue Brain? B L U E - B R A I N
Applications of Blue Brain
Gathering and Testing 100 Years of Data
Cracking the Neural Code
Understanding Neocortical Information Processing
A Novel Tool for Drug Discovery for Brain Disorders
A Global Facility
A Foundation for Whole Brain Simulations
A Foundation for Molecular Modeling of Brain Function
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 12 / 17
What we can learn from Blue Brain? B L U E - B R A I N
Applications of Blue Brain
Gathering and Testing 100 Years of Data
Cracking the Neural Code
Understanding Neocortical Information Processing
A Novel Tool for Drug Discovery for Brain Disorders
A Global Facility
A Foundation for Whole Brain Simulations
A Foundation for Molecular Modeling of Brain Function
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 12 / 17
What we can learn from Blue Brain? B L U E - B R A I N
Applications of Blue Brain
Gathering and Testing 100 Years of Data
Cracking the Neural Code
Understanding Neocortical Information Processing
A Novel Tool for Drug Discovery for Brain Disorders
A Global Facility
A Foundation for Whole Brain Simulations
A Foundation for Molecular Modeling of Brain Function
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 12 / 17
What we can learn from Blue Brain? B L U E - B R A I N
Applications of Blue Brain
Gathering and Testing 100 Years of Data
Cracking the Neural Code
Understanding Neocortical Information Processing
A Novel Tool for Drug Discovery for Brain Disorders
A Global Facility
A Foundation for Whole Brain Simulations
A Foundation for Molecular Modeling of Brain Function
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 12 / 17
What we can learn from Blue Brain? B L U E - B R A I N
Applications of Blue Brain
Gathering and Testing 100 Years of Data
Cracking the Neural Code
Understanding Neocortical Information Processing
A Novel Tool for Drug Discovery for Brain Disorders
A Global Facility
A Foundation for Whole Brain Simulations
A Foundation for Molecular Modeling of Brain Function
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 12 / 17
What we can learn from Blue Brain? B L U E - B R A I N
Applications of Blue Brain
Gathering and Testing 100 Years of Data
Cracking the Neural Code
Understanding Neocortical Information Processing
A Novel Tool for Drug Discovery for Brain Disorders
A Global Facility
A Foundation for Whole Brain Simulations
A Foundation for Molecular Modeling of Brain Function
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 12 / 17
What we can learn from Blue Brain? B L U E - B R A I N
Applications of Blue Brain
Gathering and Testing 100 Years of Data
Cracking the Neural Code
Understanding Neocortical Information Processing
A Novel Tool for Drug Discovery for Brain Disorders
A Global Facility
A Foundation for Whole Brain Simulations
A Foundation for Molecular Modeling of Brain Function
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 12 / 17
Advantages & Limitation B L U E - B R A I N
Advantages & Limitation
AdvantagesWe can remember thingswithout any effort.Decision can be made withoutthe presence of a person.Even after the death of a manhis intelligence can be used.The activity of differentanimals can be understood.It would allow the deaf to hearvia direct nerve stimulation,and also be helpful for curingmany psychological diseases.
LimitationsWe become dependent uponthe computer systems.Others may use technicalknowledge against us.Computer viruses will posean increasingly criticalthreat.The real threat, however, isthe fear that people willhave of new technologies.That fear may culminate ina large resistance.
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 13 / 17
Advantages & Limitation B L U E - B R A I N
Advantages & Limitation
AdvantagesWe can remember thingswithout any effort.Decision can be made withoutthe presence of a person.Even after the death of a manhis intelligence can be used.The activity of differentanimals can be understood.It would allow the deaf to hearvia direct nerve stimulation,and also be helpful for curingmany psychological diseases.
LimitationsWe become dependent uponthe computer systems.Others may use technicalknowledge against us.Computer viruses will posean increasingly criticalthreat.The real threat, however, isthe fear that people willhave of new technologies.That fear may culminate ina large resistance.
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 13 / 17
Conclusion B L U E - B R A I N
BLUE BRAIN
ConclusionWe can hope to learn a great deal about brain function anddisfunction from accurate models of the brain.Blue Brain will allow us to challenge the foundations of ourunderstanding of intelligence and generate new theories ofconsciousness.In conclusion, we will be able to transfer ourselves intocomputers at some point.
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 14 / 17
References B L U E - B R A I N
References1 Henry Markram, “Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society,
2008. EMBS 2008. 30th Annual International Conference of theIEEE
2 Henry Markram, “The Blue Brain Project, Nature ReviewsNeuroscience 2006 February.
3 Simulated brain closer to thought BBC News 22 April 2009.4 Project Milestones. Blue Brain.
http://bluebrain.epfl.ch/Jahia/site/bluebrain/op/edit/pid/190855 Graham-Rowe, Duncan. Mission to build a simulated brain begins,
NewScientist, June 2005. pp. 1879-85.6 The Blue Brain Project: http://bluebrainproject.epfl.ch7 Blue Gene: http://www.research.ibm.com/bluegene
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 15 / 17
BLUE BRAIN BLUE BRAIN
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 16 / 17
BLUE BRAIN BLUE BRAIN
Prejith S () B L U E - B R A I N December 22, 2010 17 / 17
