[email protected] ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 1 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics Bruce Mayer, PE Licensed Electrical

[email protected] • ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt1

Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics

Bruce Mayer, PELicensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer

[email protected]

Engineering 22

SolidSolidModeling Modeling

- 1- 1



Learning GoalsLearning Goals

Describe How AutoCAD SOLIDs differ from WireFrames and Surfaces

Create AutoCAD “Primitive” Solids• Box, Wedge, Cylinder, Sphere, etc.

Slice and Section 3D Solids Use ACAD “Boolean” Operations to

create Solids• Interfere, Union, Subtract

Combine Primitives to Make new Solids



WireFrame & Surface ModelsWireFrame & Surface Models WireFrame Models

• The edges and vertices of an object are defined

• Surfaces and interior are not defined

• Quick to construct

• Transparent

• Complete 3D database

• Cylinders and spheres difficult

Surface Models• Surfaces and edges

are defined

• Interior is not defined (volume but no mass)

• Tedious to construct

• More complex surfaces (double curved, B-splines)

• Visualization (rendering, shading, surface texture)



Solid ModelingSolid Modeling

Full 3D model (represents actual object) Surface, edge, interior features Can be cut to show interior detail Mass properties may be determined Construction techniques

• Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG)

• Boundary Representation (B-rep)

Many display options



Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG)Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG)

Standard “primitive” shapes AutoCAD has six primitives:

• box, wedge, cone, cylinder, torus, sphere

Primitives are moved into place with 3D commands to assemble the object

Primitives are combined with boolean commands:• union, subtract, intersection



The Primitive SolidsThe Primitive Solids



Invoke Solid ShapesInvoke Solid Shapes

Or Command Line• Box

• Sphere

• Cylinder

• Etc.



Draw BoxDraw Box

Command: _boxSpecify corner of box or [CEnter] <0,0,0>:Specify corner or [Cube/Length]: 10,12,0Specify height: 7



Draw CubeDraw Cube Use Cube Option Pick Edge Length with

Mouse

Command: boxSpecify corner of box or [CEnter] <0,0,0>:Specify corner or [Cube/Length]: cSpecify length: <Snap on> Specify second point:



Draw SphereDraw Sphere Set Grid Resolution with

IsoLines Command Pick Center with Mouse Enter Diameter From KeyBoard

Command: isolinesEnter new value for ISOLINES <4>: 24Command: sphereCurrent wire frame density: ISOLINES=24Specify center of sphere <0,0,0>:Specify radius of sphere or [Diameter]: dSpecify diameter: 7.3



Draw Circular CylinderDraw Circular Cylinder Pick with Mouse

• Center

• Radius

• Height

Command: cylinder

Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=24Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>:Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]:Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: Specify second point:



Draw Elliptical CylinderDraw Elliptical Cylinder Cylinder Command Enter from KeyBoard: Ctr,

Axes Lengths, Height

Command: cylinderCurrent wire frame density: ISOLINES=36Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: eSpecify axis endpoint of ellipse for base of cylinder or [Center]: 2,2Specify second axis endpoint of ellipse for base of cylinder: 2,5.5Specify length of other axis for base of cylinder: 3.7Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: 8.7Command:



Draw ConeDraw Cone Cone Can have Either

Circular or Elliptical Bases

Command: coneCurrent wire frame density: ISOLINES=36Specify center point for base of cone or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: eSpecify axis endpoint of ellipse for base of cone or [Center]: 3.7,4.1Specify second axis endpoint of ellipse for base of cone:Specify length of other axis for base of cone:Specify height of cone or [Apex]: 7.3

Elliptical, 7.3 High

Circular, 7.3 High



Draw WedgeDraw Wedge Pick Base Corner and

opposite Diagonal Height from KeyBoard

Command: wedgeSpecify first corner of wedge or [CEnter] <0,0,0>:Specify corner or [Cube/Length]:Specify height: 3.7

1st Base Corner

2nd Base Corner



Extrude PolyLineExtrude PolyLine Extrude Heptagon made with

Polygon Tool

Command: _polygon Enter number of sides <7>:Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: eSpecify first endpoint of edge: Specify second endpoint of edge:

Command: peditSelect polyline or [Multiple]:Enter an option [Open/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]: wSpecify new width for all segments: .1



Extrude PolyLine cont.1Extrude PolyLine cont.1 Extrude Heptagon made with

Polygon Tool

Command: _-view Enter an option [?/Categorize/lAyer state/Orthographic/Delete/Restore/Save/Ucs/Window]: _seiso Regenerating model.

Command: extrudeCurrent wire frame density: ISOLINES=36Select objects: 1 foundSelect objects:Specify height of extrusion or [Path]: 9.1Specify angle of taper for extrusion <0>:Command



Extrude Arbitrary PolyLineExtrude Arbitrary PolyLine Extrude 2D PolyLineCommand: plineSpecify start point:Current line-width is 3.4379Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: hSpecify starting half-width <1.7190>: .025Specify ending half-width <0.0250>:Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:Specify next point or [Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: c



Extrude Arbitrary PolyLine cont.1Extrude Arbitrary PolyLine cont.1 Extrude 2D PolyLine

Command: peditSelect polyline or [Multiple]:Enter an option [Open/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]: s

Command: _-view Enter an option [?/Categorize/lAyer state/Orthographic/Delete/Restore/Save/Ucs/Window]: _seiso Regenerating model.

Command: extrudeCurrent wire frame density: ISOLINES=36Select objects: 1 foundSelect objects:Specify height of extrusion or [Path]: 13.7Specify angle of taper for extrusion <0>:



Revolve ShapeRevolve Shape

Revolve HeptaGon About Axis Shown

Command: revolveCurrent wire frame density: ISOLINES=36Select objects: 1 foundSpecify start point for axis of revolution ordefine axis by [Object/X (axis)/Y (axis)]:Specify endpoint of axis:Specify angle of revolution <360>: 291



Slice Cylinder w/ Slanted PlaneSlice Cylinder w/ Slanted Plane

Command: cylinderCurrent wire frame density: ISOLINES=36Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>:Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]:Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: 9.7

Command: _rectangSpecify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]:

Make Cylinder Make, Twist, and Move Rectangle to

define Plane



Slice Cylinder w/ Slanted PlaneSlice Cylinder w/ Slanted PlaneCommand: mMOVESelect objects: 1 foundSelect objects: 1 found, 2 totalSelect objects:Specify base point or [Displacement] <Displacement>: midof Specify second point or <use first point as displacement>: 1.25,1.25,3

Command: sliceSelect objects: 1 foundSelect objects:Specify first point on slicing plane by [Object/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/3points] <3points>:Specify second point on plane:Specify third point on plane:Specify a point on desired side of the plane or [keep Both sides]:



3D Section3D Section Take Section Thru

3D Solid Along line shown

Command: sectionSelect objects: 1 foundSelect objects:Specify first point on Section plane by [Object/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/3points] <3points>:Specify second point on plane:Specify third point on plane:

Pick Pts

Section Picked



3D Section cont3D Section cont Section copied WireFrame View



InterFereInterFere Consider Rod thru

Ellipse of Revolution

Gou

rand

Sha

ded WireF

rame 3D

Use Interfere to Make Rod with “Bulging” Ends

Command: interfereSelect first set of solids:Select objects: 1 foundSelect objects: 1 found, 2 totalSelect objects:Select second set of solids:Select objects:No solids selected.Comparing 2 solids with each other.Interfering solids: 2Interfering pairs : 1Create interference solids? [Yes/No] <N>: y



InterFereInterFere Turn Off Layers to

Show Interfereing, or Common, Region

The Result

Bulging End



UnionUnion Again Consider Rod

Thru the “FootBall” Combine the Rod

and the Elliptical Solid

Command: sliceSelect objects: 1 foundSelect objects:Specify first point on slicing plane by [Object/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/3points] <3points>: zxSpecify a point on the ZX-plane <0,0,0>:Specify a point on desired side of the plane or [keep Both sides]: 0,1,0

Command: unionSelect objects: 1 foundSelect objects: 1 found, 2 totalSelect objects:Command

Show Union with Vertical SLICE

Ro

d L

aye

r O

ff Ro

d L

aye

r On



SubtractSubtract Again Consider Rod

Thru “FootBall” Remove the Rod-

Shaped Pocket from the Sliced Elliptical Solid using SUBTRACT• Pick Order

– Large Solid is MINUEND,

– Rod is SUBTRAHEND,

Command: SUBTRACTSelect solids and regions to subtract from ..Select objects: 1 foundSelect objects:Select solids and regions to subtract ..Select objects: 1 foundSelect objects:

-



Coordinate System in AutoCADCoordinate System in AutoCAD

AutoCAD system maintains 3D database World coordinate system is Default X,Y as top (plan) view (civil engineering) Z axis vertical User Coordinate System (UCS) may be

aligned with features (name and save) Icon shows current

coordinate system



Local Coordinates in AutoCADLocal Coordinates in AutoCAD

Define new origin (with existing axes) Rotate existing coordinate about X, Y,

or Z Axis Define new origin and axes (3 point)

Right Hand Coordinates



User CoOrdinate System - UCSUser CoOrdinate System - UCS The UCS ToolBar

The Buttons from Left → Right• UCS: Invokes the UCS command.

• Display UCS Dialog: Shows UCS dialog box.

• UCS Previous: Enables the previous UCS settings.

• World UCS: Matches the UCS with WCS.

• Object UCS: Builds the UCS based on the selected object.

• Face UCS: Builds the UCS based on the selected face of the object



UCS ToolBarsUCS ToolBars More Buttons

• View UCS: Matches UCS with screen. The X axis horizontal, Y vertical, and Z perpendicular to the scn.

• Origin UCS: Moves the UCS without changing its orientation.

• Z Axis Vector UCS: Builds the UCS based on the new direction of the Z axis.

• 3 Point UCS: Builds the UCS by specifying the new origin, a point on positive X direction, and a point on XY plane.

• X Axis Rotate UCS: Rotates the UCS about X axis.



UCS ToolBars - 2UCS ToolBars - 2 More Buttons

• Y Axis Rotate UCS: Rotates the UCS about Y axis.

• Z Axis Rotate UCS: Rotates the UCS about Z axis.

• Apply UCS: Applies the current UCS to a selected viewport

UCS-II Tool Bar → The Buttons from Left → Right

• Display UCS Dialog: Shows UCS dialog box.

• Move UCS Origin: Moves the UCS without changing its orientation.

• Select UCS Drop Down List To Pick a saved UCS



UCS Commands - 1UCS Commands - 1 UCS View Aligns UCS to Current Screen View



UCS Commands - 2UCS Commands - 2 3 Point UCS: Click Points 4, 3 ,1

Command: _ucsCurrent ucs name: *NO NAME*Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: _3Specify new origin point <0,0,0>:Specify point on positive portion of X-axis <5.2426,1.6330,6.3509>:Specify point on positive-Y portion of the UCS XY plane <3.7426,2.4990,6.3509>:



UCS Commands - 3UCS Commands - 3 Origin UCS: Click Point 7

Command: _ucsCurrent ucs name: *NO NAME*Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: _oSpecify new origin point <0,0,0>:Command:



UCS Commands - 4UCS Commands - 4 Z Axis Vector UCS: Click Pt8 → Pt1

Command: _ucsCurrent ucs name: *NO NAME*Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: _zaxisSpecify new origin point <0,0,0>:Specify point on positive portion of Z-axis <-4.0000,0.0000,1.0000>:



UCS Commands - 5UCS Commands - 5 Object UCS: Select the CIRCLE near

Command: _ucsCurrent ucs name: *NO NAME*Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: _obSelect object to align UCS:

• The Orientation of the X&Y Axes Depend upon the Circle Point Selected with Mouse



UCS Commands - 6UCS Commands - 6 Face UCS: Select Front-Face near Pt8

Command: _ucsCurrent ucs name: *NO NAME*Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: _faSelect face of solid object:Enter an option [Next/Xflip/Yflip] <accept>:



UCS Commands - 7UCS Commands - 7 X Axis Rotate: Rotate UCS 45° about X-axis

Command: _ucsCurrent ucs name: *NO NAME*Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: _xSpecify rotation angle about X axis <90>: 45



UCS Commands - 8UCS Commands - 8 Rotate UCS about Y & Z axes

Command: _ucsCurrent ucs name: *NO NAME*Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: _ySpecify rotation angle about Y axis <90>: -45

Command: _ucsCurrent ucs name: *NO NAME*Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: _zSpecify rotation angle about Z axis <90>: 25



UCS Commands - 9UCS Commands - 9 Save Current UCS as “Pt8_Rot” by KeyBd

Command: ucsCurrent ucs name: *NO NAME*Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: sEnter name to save current UCS or [?]: Pt8_Rot



UCS Commands - 10UCS Commands - 10 Return to WCS

Command: ucs

Current ucs name: Pt8_RotEnter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: w



UCS Commands - 11UCS Commands - 11 Restore Saved UCS Pt8_Rot

Command: ucs

Current ucs name: *WORLD*Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: r

Enter name of UCS to restore or [?]: Pt8_Rot



All Done for TodayAll Done for Today

HW-19Instructions

For Probs 4, 11, 17, 24, 30, 37• Instruction “A” Only

• Print in “SEISO” View

For Prob EX16-51, Print in BOTH• SEISO

• SWISO

Set ISOLINES to 24



Bruce Mayer, PELicensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer

[email protected]

Engr/Math/Physics 25

AppendiAppendixx

6972 23 xxxxf



3D Solid → InterFere3D Solid → InterFere

Documents

[email protected] ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 1 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics Bruce Mayer, PE Licensed Electrical