body of presentation

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Organizing the Body of the

Presentation The best oral presentation

focuses on a few principalideas; i.e. a limited number ofmain points (two to four).


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• Deelop each main point withade!uate" but not e#cessie"e#planation and details.

• $eep your presentation simple andlogical.

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• Too many details can obscure themain message.


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&ow can you $eep your presentationsimple and logical

. *ort out a few principal ideas.

+. ,apsulize them in a few simplewords so that your audience canremember them easily.

-. *upport your main ideas bye#amples and e#planations.


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&ow can you organize and se!uencethe main ideas of the presentation

By using appropriate and logical patterns of

organization that relate to time" geography"

function" importance" or any other methods

that are logical to the receier.


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*uggested patterns of organization that can be used for se!uencing ideasin presentations as well as othe communicatie channels.

• ,hronology (time" history)

• eography/space (regions)

• Topic/function/conentional

• ,omparison/contrast

•

0ournalism pattern (organized bywho" what" when" where" why andhow)


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• 1alue/size (houses)

• 2mportance (from the most important to theleast important reasons" or you can place

the most important point last where it hasma#imum e3ect)

• Problem/solution

• *imple/comple# (starting from simple to

comple# points)

• Best case/worst case (best and worstresults)


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%hy should you prepare a little morematerial than you actually need

• To hae something useful in resere 4

in case you 5nish early and must 5ll

the remaining time.


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*ummarizing in the conclusion

%hy should you ma$e your conclusion moste3ectie

• Because listeners will remember the

conclusion more than any part of a speech.


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%hat goals should you strie toachiee in the conclusion

• *ummarize the main themes of the presentation.

• Proide a 5nal action6oriented focus that tells

your listeners what you want them to do.

• 2nclude a statement that allows you to e#it

gracefully and leae a lasting impression.


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%hat should s$illed presenters aoidin the conclusion

• Don7t introduce any new material or details in

the conclusion.


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• Don7t end blandly with comments that ma$e

you loo$ unprofessional and unprepared82 guess that7s about all 2 hae to say or That7s it.

• 9lert the audience that you are 5nishing byusing phrases such as8

9s 2 end this presentation or 2t7s time for me tostop . Then" proceed immediately to theconclusion.


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• 9oid using the clich: phrase 2n

conclusion ; for some audience

members" it is a signal to stop listening.


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• 9oid using phrases such as 2 thin$" 2

beliee" or 2 feel " which will wea$en

your presentation.


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%hat should a straightforwardsummary do

• ocus on what you want the listeners todo" thin$ or remember. 'ou might say8

In bringing my presentation to aclose, I will restate my majorpurpose …..In summary, my major purpose hasbeen to ….In support of my purpose, I have

presented three major points. Theyare (a) …., (b) …., and (c) ….


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• 2f you are promoting a

recommendation" you might end as

follows8

In order to …, I recommend

that we …


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'ou can use8

• 9n anecdote• 9n inspiring !uotation

• 9 statement that ties in theopener and o3ers a newinsight.


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•include a closing thought that indicates youare 5nished. or e#ample8

This concludes my presentation.

9fter inestigating many


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Building audience rapport

%hat do we mean by audience rapport

2t inoles three points8

• orming a bond with the audience.

• =ntertaining as well as informing them.

• >eeping the audience inoled throughout

the presentation.


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&ow can spea$ers build audiencerapport

*uccessful spea$ers" use a number oferbal and nonerbal techni!ues toconnect with the audience. These include8

• =3ectie imagery

• 1erbal signposts

• Body language (?onerbal messages)


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=3ectie imagery

• 9nalogies

• @etaphors

• *imiles

• Personal anecdotes

• Personalized statistics

• %orst and best case scenarios


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Asing 1erbal *ignposts

• %hat do we mean by erbalsignposts

They are signs to help the audience

to recognize the organization and

main points in an oral message.


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1erbal signposts

%hat do erbal signposts include

. Preiewing

The ne#t segment of my tal$ presents three reasons for ....

et7s now consider two causes of ....

+. *ummarizing

et me reiew with you the maCor problems 27e Cust discussed.

'ou see" then" that the most signi5cant factors are ....

-. *witching directions

Thus far we7e tal$ed solely about ...; now let7s moe to ....

27e argued that ...and..." but an alternate iew holds that <


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transitional e#pressions

2mproe any oral presentation byincluding appropriate transitionale#pressions such as 5rst" second" ne#t"

then" therefore" moreoer" on the otherhand" on the contrary" and in summary.

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These e#pressions lend emphasis andtell listeners where you are headed.


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?onerbal messages (bodylanguage)

The way you loo$" how you moe and"and how you spea$ a3ect the success ofyour presentation.

• oo$ professional• 9nimate your body

• Punctuate your words

•

Ase appropriate eye contact• et out from behind the podium

• 1ary your facial e#pressions


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Planning isual aids

%hat are the purposes of using isual aids

• They clarify points" improecomprehension" and aid retention.

•

They increase audience interest.• They ma$e the presenter appear more

professional" better prepared" andmore persuasie.

• They shorten presentations.• They Cog the memory of the spea$er

and increase self con5dence.


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