BOOK

A book is a collection of papers, scrolls or other such material in the form of sheets or worksheets mostly equal to each other and linked or stapeled in a volume. The books are usually printed (rarely written) and contain various written works, the greatest diversity of themes. A book is also a literary or scientific work, or a substantial part of such work.

The appearance of the book

The oldest method of transmitting messages and stories was via the oral transmission (Word of mouth), (tradition), (Australian aborigine saying). When writing systems were invented in ancient times, the clay tiles and parchment were used, for example in the library of Alexandria.The scrolls were later replaced with the Codex, related books, books of today. The Codex was invented in the early centuries after Christ or even earlier. It is said that Julius Caesar invented the first codex during the Gallic wars, linking the scrolls in the accordion style pages and used as reference points.Before the invention and adoption of the printing press, all books were copied by hand, so they were expensive and rare. During the middle ages, churches, universities and wealthy nobles he allowed books, which were often bound with chains to prevent their theft. The first books used parchment or leather calf for pages, but subsequently replaced with paper.Later in the middle ages, books began to be produced with the printing blocks, where an embossed image of an entire page was carved into the wood, and can be added to the ink, reproducing multiple copies of that page. However, creating an entire book was a process that required much effort, those blocks of sculptured pattern for each page.The oldest printed book is the Diamond Sutra, a text of the Perfection of the wisdom found in 1907 by the archaeologist Sir Marc Aurel Stein in a cave near Dunhuang, in Northwest China, to finish writing that was printed at 13 of the fourth month of the ninth year of Xiatong (i.e. 11 may 868), with 587 years before the Gutenberg Bible. At present, this book can be seen at the British Library in London.Chinese inventor Pi Sheng has created a mobile press of scorched earth around the year 1046, but we have no examples of printed Characters on it were put in a tray where they were lined up with hot wax, then press with a plank came up all at the same level, and when the wax cooled he used letter tray to print whole pages. Invention of the printing pressJohann Gutenberg only that popularized the printing press with movable metal letters in the 15th century, thus becoming more accessible books. This, however, has upset the status quo, resulting in remarks such as "The printer allows the cards to get into the hands of those who have no job to read".In the following centuries have been improved both the printed press and the conditions for freedom of the press through the gradual relaxation of restrictive laws. View: intellectual property, public domain, copyright.In the mid-19th century, paper made from pulp (wood pulp) was introduced because it was cheaper, so that they could achieve cheap novels, textbooks and school books in any field leading to a leap of industrialized nations in literacy and facilitated the spread of information during the second industrial revolution.However this paper contained acid pulp which was kind of slow fire, which led to the destruction of the paper. Older techniques used rolls of limestone to neutralize the acid in the pulp. Today libraries use mass deacidifiare for their older Collections. The books printed between 1850 and 1950 are in danger, the newest being printed on acid-free paper (alkaline).Proper care of books takes into account the possibility of chemical changes to the text and cover art. They are best kept in dim light, must not be under direct sunlight, at low temperature and moderate humidity. His books, especially heavy ones, need the support of all volumes to maintain their shape. It is desirable therefore, the books to be grouped by size.Maintaining a library of princes, the privilege was considered, the monasteries and other religious institutions and universities. Once the books with covers of cheap paper at the beginning of the 20th century has come to an explosion of popular publications, making it more accessible to ordinary people. New forms of bookIn the 20th century, libraries have done in relation to a rate of publications increasingly larger, this part of the information explosion. The invention of the Internet and electronic publishing (DTP) has made a lot of new information to be printed in books, but also made available online for example, via a virtual digital library, on CD-ROM or in the form of electronic cards, virtual (English: e-books). This increased complexity for publishing houses and libraries, while traditional paper publications, however, have not reduced the volume of either.But emerged with the development process and the publication of books. For example, "print on demand" (book on demand) may benefit less well known authors, which means they are able to deliver quickly and work in a circulation initially unpredictable, at acceptable cost.

Harry Potter and the sorcerer's stone

Author J.K. Rowling

Genre Fantasy

The Harry Potter SeriesOriginal title Harry Potter and the Philosopher's StonePublishing HouseBloomsbury

Illustrator (s) Thomas TaylorOriginal language English

Country of first release United Kingdom

Publication date 30 June 1997Number of pages 223Harry Potter is a young boy who lives with his uncles and his cousin. I was told that his parents had died when he was only one year in an car accident and his uncles take care of then it is treated quite badly at home, sitting in a small room located under the stairs. One day, Harry checks his mail and discovers a letter addressed to him from Hogwarts School of Witchcraft, but Vernon rip it out not letting him to read it. In the coming days, a lot of owls with letters bombarded the postal box and Uncle Vernon burn them. In an effort to escape, the Dursleys move from place to place settling on a deserted island