books-library.online€¦ · Web view1-Agreeing with an opinion . I (completely) agree. Disagreeing with an opinion. I (completely) disagree. I couldn't agree more.\ Yes, you are

$Page 1: books-library.online€¦ · Web view1-Agreeing with an opinion . I (completely) agree. Disagreeing with an opinion. I (completely) disagree. I couldn't agree more.\ Yes, you are$
Progress in Finnal Revision By SM : Nassif El-Segahy

1- The Sitiuations 1-Agreeing with an opinion I (completely) agree.

Disagreeing with an opinion. I (completely) disagree

I couldn't agree more.\ Yes, you are quite right. I don't agree./I'm not (so) sure. /I don't think so.2-Expressing Interest Expressing SurpriseHow interesting! \ Is that right? Really? I didn't know that. / Good Heavens!3-Asking for information معلومات عن السؤال Giving information معلومات إعطاءExcuse me, could I ask you some questions about..? Yes, of course. / Yes, certainly.Can / Could you tell me ....? \What does "…" mean? Yes, that's fine..4-Asking for opinion Giving opinionWhat's your opinion about (modern novels)? I think that .. / In my opinion ..What do you think I should do to …? In my point of view ..As far as I am concerned ..6-Asking for Advice What do you think I should do to...?

Giving Advice I think you should..

Can you give me some advice about..? Why don't you..? / If I were you, I'd..7-Asking for Instructions Giving InstructionsHow can I operate (this coffee machine)? First, switch it on, then press the red buttonCan you show me how to (use this vacuum cleaner?How does (this machine) work?

First, connect it to the electricity supply.After that,press the red button/First/Then./Next./\ Finally

8-Language to deduce informationWhy do you think (they built the Suez Canal)?

Making deductionI think they must have +PP………

How do you think (they built the Suez Canal)? Well, they might have +PP………..What problems and difficulties do you think there were in (building……….)?

I'm sure it can't have been easy.Surely, it must have cost a lot of money.

9-Making Suggestion How (What) about +v+ing..? \Let'sمصدر

Responding to Suggestions That's a good idea.

10-Asking for an explanation Giving an explanationCan you explain why…?/ How on earth…? Let me explain. \ I'll explain that to you.Do you know how…?Could you tell me how/why…? I'll try and explain.11-Wishesاألمنيات Regretsالندم I wish + فاعل + could/ would + مصدر I wish I had+ p.p ………My goal is to + مصدر

I am sorry that ………I am disappointed that …………. I regret + v + ing …………

12- Offer help المساعدة المساعدة Reply to offer عرض عرض على الرد1. Can I help you?2. Would you like me to مصدر ….?3. Shall I مصدر …………… for you?

1-That is very kind of you.2-Thanks very much.3-No, thank you .I can manage.

13- Likesالحب Dislikesالكراهية I am a big fan of بـ I…معجب prefer/

love………I am fond of ………………………

I am not keen on ….. I don't enjoy ……..I can't stand………………… ( الأطيق)

14-Asking for reasons Giving reasons1-Can you tell me why... + فاعل 2..? فعل -What is

the reason for….....? 3-What is the cause of…….....?

1-It is because….. 2- Firstly, because ………3- Mainly اساسا because …………

15-Give warning Respond to Warning1- Be careful or you will 2 مصدر - Don't -مصدر

………3- Watch out! … = Beware ! …… احذر

1- It is OK . 2- Why not ?3- Don't worry I will take care. Thank you.

16-Interview Questions AnswersDo you have (a driving licence)? Yes, I do.What have you been doing since(you left university)? I have been working as …Could you tell me why you want to work for us? As I have the right qualifications for this job.

1


Why do you think you'd be good at the job? As I'll enjoy meeting and talking to customers .17-Persuation Talking about the future1- Why don't you…..? 2- I really think you should .. 1 – I think …2 – I am sure.......3 – I hope ……18-Ability القدرة can مصدر\can’t مصدر \ am, is, are + (not) able

toNecessityالضرورة must مصدر = have (has)to = have got to

مصدرUnnecessity الضرورة مصدر don't (doesn't) have to / needn't عدمWarning \ Prohibition والتحريم التحزير mustn’t مصدر = You are not allowed to

مصدرProbabilityاألحتمال may مصدر \ might مصدر \ could مصدر Advice النصيحة should مصدر = had better مصدر= If I were

you.I.. Blamingاللوم should (ought to)have + P.P. shouldn't have +pp Permissionاذن You can مصدر = You are allowed to مصدر

2- A) The places and the Speakers places SpeakersClothes shop محل مالبس

Salesperson بائع Customer زبون

Shoe shop أحذية محل


Toys shop لعب محل


Camera shop محل كاميرات


Coffee shop / café مقهى

Waiter جرسون

Customer زبون

Pet shop الحيوانات و الطيور لبيع محل االليفة

Assistant بائع

Customer زبون

House plant shop نباتات بيع محلالزينة

Salesman بائع

Customer زبون

Butcher’s جزارة محل

Butcher جزار

Customer زبون

Baker’s المخبز

Salesperson بائع

Customer زبون

Grocer’s بقالة محل

Grocer بقال

Customer زبون

Greengrocer’s و الخضر محل الفاكهة

Greengrocer الخضرى

Customer زبون

Fruit seller’s بيع محل الفاكهة

Fruit seller الفكهانى

Customer زبون

Florist’s بيع محل الزهور

Florist الزهور بائع

Customer زبون

Watchmaker’s محل الساعات

Watchmaker ساعاتى

Customer زبون

Hairdresser’s محل كوافير

Hairdresser كوافير

Customer زبون

Barber’s صالون حالقة

Barber حالق

Customer زبون

Tailor’s محل ترزى

Tailor ترزى

Customer زبون

Dressmaker’s سيدات ترزى محل Dressmaker خياطة

Customer زبون

2


Electrician’s محل كهربائى

Electrician كهربائى

Customer زبون

Carpentry shop محل نجارة

Carpenter نجار

Customer زبون

Library مكتبة)للقراءة /االستعارة(

Librarian أمين المكتبة

Student/ Reader قارئ طالب\

Bookshop لبيع مكتبة الكتب


Customer زبون

Stationery shop لبيع مكتبة األدوات

Assistant = salesman بائع

Customer زبون

Bank بنك

Bank manager بنك مدير

Banker/bank clerk بنك موظف

Businessman رجل أعمالClient بنك عميل

Exchange desk صرافة مكتب Exchanger صراف

Client عميل

Company / Firm شركة

Receptionist موظف استقبالsecretary سكرتيرة

Businessman أعمال رجلManager مدير

Company شركة Office مكتب

Employee موظفInterviewer المحاورBossرئيس العمل

Applicant لوظيفة متقدمInterviewee معه تجرى من المقابلة

Classroom فصل مدرسى

Teacher معلم

Student طالب

Science laboratory العلوم معمل Teacher معلم

Student طالب

University جامعة

Employee موظف

New student جديد طالب

Laboratory معمل

Researcher باحث

Scientist عالم

University lab معمل بالجامعة

Professor أستاذ جامعة

Researcher باحث

Hotel فندق

Hotel receptionist موظف استقبال

Guest= resident نزيل Client زبون

Factory مصنع

Engineer مهندس

Worker عامل

Embassy سفارة

Official موظف

Applicant بطلب متقدم

Museum متحف

Visitor زائرTourist سائح

Guide مرشد \ Security officer أمن

Radio Studio ةاإلذاع أستوديو Interviewer محاور

Interviewee معه تجرى من المقابلة

Cinema سينماTheatre مسرح

Cinema employee موظف بالسينماusher مرشد الجمهور

A member of the public أحد = viewer الجمهورspectator مشاهد

Restaurant مطعم

Waiter جرسون Client زبون

Lawyer’s مكتب محامى

Lawyer محامى Client زبون

Chemist’s/pharmacy صيدلية

Chemist صيدلى Customer زبون

Hospital Doctor طبيب \ Surgeon Patient مريض \ Visitor

3


مستشفى جراح زائرDoctor’s / Clinic عيادة

Doctor طبيب

Patient مريض

Oculist’s عيادة عيون

Oculist عيون طبيب

Patient مريض

Dentist’s عيادة أسنان

Dentist أسنان طبيب

Patient مريض

Optician’s محل نظارات

Optician النظاراتي

Customer زبون

Garage / Mechanic’s ورشة سيارات

Mechanic ميكانيكى

Driver \ Car owner سيارة صاحب

Aliens’ department مد قسم األقامة

Official موظف

Tourist سائح \Foreigner أجنبى

Passport department قسم الجوازات

Official موظف

A member of the public/citizenمواطن

Sinai desert صحراء سيناء

Tour guide سياحى مرشد Tourist سائح

Petrol )gas( station محطة بنزين

Worker عامل Driver قسائ Car owner صاحب سيارة

Police station مركز شرطة

Officer ضابط

Reporter مبلغ

Railway station سكة محطة يدحد

Booking clerk حجز موظف

traveller راكب \ Porter شيال

Train قطار \ Bus أتوبيس Conductor كمسارى

Passenger راكب

Taxi تاكسى

Taxi driver سائق تاكسى

Passenger راكب

Plane طائرة

Air hostess مضيفة جوية

Passenger راكب

Check- in – desk مكتب المراجعةAirport مطار

Check-in clerk تفتيش موظف Tourist

Businessmanسائح أعمال رجل

Passenger مسافر \ Porter شيالEgyptian citizen

مصرى مواطن Computer service centre مركز كمبيوتر

Computer technician فنى ركمبيوت

Customer زبون

Zoo حديقة حيوان

Visitor / vet / بيطري طبيب زائر

Friend /handler صديق/سايس

Tourist place احييس مكان Guideمرشد Visitorزائر Opera house دار األوبرا

Viewer مشاهد

Booking clerk الحجز موظف

Ticket office مكتب تذاكر

Booking clerk الحجز موظف

Customer \ traveller زبون \مسافر

Electronic company شركة إليكترونيات

Customer زبون


Post office بريد مكتب

Customer زبون

Official موظف

Court محكمة

Judge قاضى

Witness شاهد

Exhibition معرض

Visitor زائر

Guard حارس

Club نادى

Member of the public أحد الجمهور

Receptionist موظف استقبال

Stadium إستاد

Spectator متفرج

Another spectator آخر متفرج

4


Beach البالجHome منزلKitchen مطبخ

Host مضيف Hostess مضيفةHusband زوجMother األمFather األب

Guest ضيف Visitor زائرWife زوجة Daughte ابنةSon االبن

Party حفلة

Hostمضيف/Hostess مضيفة

Guest ضيف

Immigration department إدارة ةالهجر

Tourist سائح

Official موظف

Travel agency وكالة \سفر مكتب

Travel agent سفر وكيل

Booking clerk موظف الحجز

Customer زبون Traveler مسافر

Airline office طيران شركة مكتب Ticket clerk تذاكر موظف

Customer زبون

Customs الجمرك

Customs officer جمرك ضابط

Passenger راكب

Dry-cleaner's\Laundry’s مغسلة

Customer زبون

Assistant المساعد

Jeweler's محل جواهرجى

Jeweler جواهرجى

Customer زبون

Street شارع

Policeman شرطة رجل Tourist سائح

Passer-by المارة أحد

Telephone تليفون

Customer زبون

Landlord المالك

Swimming pool سباحة حمام Pool attendant / trainee متدرب

Instructor / Swimmer \ معلم سباح

Church كنيسة Priestكاهن/قسيس Prayerمصلي Mosqueمسجد Imam / sheikh شيخ امام / Prayerمصلي Block العمارة

Renter / tenantمستأجر Landlord عقار صاحب

Playground/stadium ملعب/ستاد

Refereeحكم Playerالعب

Telephone switchالسنترال Operator التليفون عامل Clientعميل Farm مزرعة

Agronomist زراعي مهندس Farmerفالح

Fish market السمك سوق Fish seller سمك بائع Buyerمشتري Shoe-repair shop صانع محل احذية

Shoemaker احذية صانع Customerزبون

Plumber's ةسباك محل

Plumberسباك Flat owner شقة صاحب

Accounting office مكتب محاسبة

Accountant محاسب Tax-payer ضرائب دافع

Multimedia lab متعدد معمل الوسائط

Teacherمدرس Studentطالب

Internet café نت مركز

Assistantعامل Customerزبون

Newsagent's بيع محل صحف

Newsagent الصحف بائع Customerزبون

Archaeological site موقع سياحي

Tour guide سياحي مرشد Touristسائح

Weather forecast النشرة الجوية

Meteorological expert ارصاد خبير

Viewers المشاهدين

5


Broker's مكتب السمسار

Customer/tenantزبون/مستأجر Brokerسمسار

Morgue المشرحة

Surgeonجراح Doctor trainee متدرب طبيب

auto lubricant تشحيم ورشةworkshop

Attendant بالخدمة القائم Car owner السيارة صاحب

AutoParts غيار قطع ورشةWorkshop

Assistant بائع Car owner السيارة صاحب

Auto سيارات معرضexhibition

Managerمدير Customerزبون

ملجأOrphanage

Managerمدير Donor متبرع

/ Bakery مخبزbaker's

Bakerخباز Customerزبون

Computer كومبيوتر مكتبshop

Computer programmer مبرمج

Client عميل

بناء موقعBuilding site

Civil engineer مدني مهندس Worker عامل

Engineering هندسي مكتبoffice

Architect معماري مهندس Client عميل

شارعStreet

Beggarشحات Passer-by سبيل عابر

Information استعالمات مكتبdesk

Information clerk موظف استعالمات

Passenger راكب

-Customs جمارك مكتبhouse

Customs officer جمارك ضابط Traveller مسافر

الناديThe club

Trainer مدرب Athlete رياضي

Examination room غرفة االمتحان

Studentطالب Teacher/supervisor مدرس/مشرف

Photo shop محل تصوير

Photographerمصور Customerزبون

The courtالمحكمة Judgeالقاضي Criminalمجرم Telephone switch تليفون كابينة Operator التشغيل عامل Client زبون Accounting office مكتب محاسبة

Accountantمحاسب Tax payer الضريبة دافع

Driving school مدرسة قيادة

Instructorمعلم Driverسائق

Monastery دير

Monkراهب Prayerمصلي

Pastry محل حلويات

Salesmanبائع Customerزبون

Nursery/kindergarten حضانة

Baby sitter اطفال جليسة Child/parents / والدين طفل

The beach الشاطيء

Holiday maker باالجازة القائم Touristسائح

At the table على السفرة

Mother/father / اب ام Daughter/son / ابن ابنة

Music hall للموسيقى قاعة Musicianموسيقي Listenerمستمع Bread kiosk كشك

خبز بيعSellerبائع Customerزبون

Fire station المطافي

Officer ضابط

Fireman مطافي رجل

6


Exchange office صرافة مكتب Tellerصراف Clientعميل Multi media lab وسائط معمل Student طالب Teacher مدرس train station قطار محطة Porter شيال Passenger راكب Electronics' محل الكترونيات

Salesman بائع Customer عميل

Teachers' room حجرةالمدرسين A teacher مدرس Colleague زميل Art gallery فنون معرض Visitor زائر An artist فنان Embassy سفارة Official موظف An applicant متقدم Image center تصوير مركز Photographer مصور Customer عميل Beauty shop تجميل صالون Beautician مجمل Lady سيدة House بيت Landlord / land lady صاحب

)ة( منزلTenant مستأجر

Kitchen مطبخ Mother ام Daughter ابنه Photoshop تصوير محل Movie location تصوير موقع

Cameraman مصور Director مخرج

Customer عميل Actor / actress ممثل / ممثلة

Engineering office هندسة مكتب Architect معماري مهندس Client عميل Metro station المترو محطة Booking clerk حجز موظف Passenger راكب Mole تجاري مول Assistant بائع Customer زبون عميل Internet االنترنت Chatter المتحدث السامر / Friend الصديق Insurance company تأمين شركة Clerk موظف Customer عميل Orphanage أيتام دار Manager مدير Donor متبرع Agricultural society جمعية زراعية

Agricultural engineer مهندس زراعي

Farmer فالح

Broker's سمسرة مكتب Broker سمسار Customer زبون / tenant مستأجر

TV / weather forecast النشرة الجوية

Meteorological expert خبير ارصاد جوية

Viewers مشاهدين

Wedding reception افراح صالة Waiterجرسون Guest ضيف Furniture shop اثاث محل Assistant بائع Customer زبون Service center صيانة مركز Technician فني عامل Client عميل Telegram office تلغراف مكتب Office clerk المكتب موظف Member of the public احد

العامةTahrir Squar التحرير ميدان Corespondant -Reporter

مراسل-مذيعA demonstrator متظاهر

Ambulance اسعاف Paramedicمسعف Patientمريض

2- B) The Functions

Introducing people الناس تفديمIntroducing yourself نفسك تقديمGreetings التحياتSeeing someone off شخص توديعMaking a request طلب عملMaking an invitation دعوة عملMaking a suggestion اقتراح عملWarning التحذيرOffering help عرض

المساعدة

Persuading االقناعExpressing admiration االعجاب عن التعبيرExpressing worry القلق عن التعبيرReminding التذكيرStating possibility االحتمالية عن التعبيرDeducing االستنتاجPredicting التنبؤReassuring التأكيدForgiving / العفو التسامح

7


Asking for an opinion رأي طلبGiving opinion / اعطاء ء ابدا

رأي Agreeing with an opinion علي الموافقة

رأي Wishes االمنيةCongratulation التهنئةGiving Advice نصيحة اعطاءAccepting advice النصيحة قبولRefusing advice النصيحة رفضBlaming someone علي اللوم

شخص Permission االذنMaking an apology اعتذار عملAsking about the way عن السؤال

الطريق Regret الندمAsking for instructions تعليمات طلبCertainty التأكدUncertainty التأكد عدمMaking recommendations / توصية عمل

تذكية Asking for information طلب

معلومات Thanking الشكرExpressing gratitude عن التعبير

العرفان Inquiring االستفسارPolite remark مهذبة عبارةExpressing fear عن التعبير

الخوف Expressing surprise عن التعبير

الدهشة Expressing hope عن التعبير

االمل Expressing anger عن التعبير

الغضب Expressing pleasure عن التعبير

السرور Expressing displeasure السرور عدمExpressing satisfaction عن التعبير

الرضا Expressing sympathy عن التعبير

المواساة

Well – wishing الجيدة االمنيةShowing no care االهتمام عدم بيانEnsuring التأكيدGiving direction اتجاهات اعطاءGiving a reason مبرر أو سبب اعطاءGreeting warmly بدفء التحيةAsk and answer questions اسئلة اجابة و سؤالRequest / offer help عرض او طلب

مساعدة Giving instructions تعليمات اعطاءStating preference نفضل ما عن التعبيرContrasting ideas متناقضة افكارDemanding explanations ايضاح طلبSaying you don't know نعرف ال بأننا القولRejecting something شئ رفضJustifying your opinion الرأي تبريرGuessing التخمينAsking for information معلومات طلبMaking complaints شكوة عملApproval استحسانLate advise الماضي في النصيحةConcession تنازل Giving classification تصنيف اعطاءShowing responsibility مسئولية ابداءProbability االحتماليةRelease from blame اللوم من االعفاءIntention النيةAnxiety القلق Giving Orders أوامر اعطاءLiking & disliking & الكراهية الحبPresenting شئ تقديمOn the phone التليفون عليIndifference االكتراث عدمMeeting people after a long time

بعد الناس مقابلةطويلة فترة

Meeting people for the first time

الول الناس مقابلةمرة

Declining الرفضAdvising النصيحةShowing liking /disliking حب عن عدم\ التعبير

حبExpressing complement المجاملة عن التعبير

8


Suspecting / doubt الشكPrediction التنبؤEncouragement التشجيعExclamation ! التعجب Reply / response الردSaying goodbye الوداعAgreeing strongly الموافقة

بقوة Disagreeing strongly الموافقة عدم

بقوة Wanting الرغبة الDisappointment `` خيبة / االحباط

االمل

3-Units of Hello 8 Vocabulary and Grammar for the choice and for the correction 1-The Vocabulary of Unit ( 1 ) : Reach for stars

examine (a patient,damage, picture) يفحص gravity (falling on the ground) / جاذبية خطورة

launch (a rocket , a new ship ,a sat) اطالق / يطلق gymnastics (do) الجمباز ألعابleak (tap , gas tube, cup,tank ,pipe) تسرب / رشح side effects جانبية آثارmission = task / / بعثة مهمة

مأموريةspin (v) ( نفسه ( حول بسرعة يدور

secret (password) سرى / سر spoke (wheel – bike – bicycle ) العجلة سلكsystem ( sat-nav المالحه \ control تحكم نظام)

نظام distance (from..to\between) بعد / مسافة

currently الحالى / الوقت فى حاليا weightless (difficult to stand still) الوزن عديمlocation مبانى به ليس موقع weightlessness / (do)space walk انعدام

الوزنspace shuttle (launch) فضاء مكوك orbit ) شئ حول يدور

أخر)magical feeling سحرى شعور the anniversary of المناسبه الثانوية الذكرى

Unit ( 2) The prisoner of Zenda classics و اليونانى االدب دراسة علم

القديم الرومانىcoronation ( the king ,queen) تتويج

couple ( people \married\ minutes\ days) زوجان alike متشابهانdebate (organized discussion)/ / مناظرة مناقشة

يناقشattend (school - coronation) يحضر

escapism الواقع من الهروب castle ( protect from any attack ) قلعةfictional story خيالية قصة the right to ( v to have) فى الحقpublication (novel,book) نشر / مطبوعة occasion مناسبةwell-educated ( v to be) التعليم من جيد قدر على wealthy ثرى / غنىmake regular visits to لـ منتظمة بزيارات قوم No, not in the least على ليس ال

األطالقdo (something) as planned هو كما شيئ يفعل

مخططargument ( have) مجادلة

2-Some important sentences Unit (1)

1.The car stopped because there was a leak in the petrol tank.

2.Our air-conditioning has broken down, but someone is coming to repair it tomorrow.

Unit (2) 1. We're having a debate at school next

week about ways of reducing global warming.

2. For some people, reading and watching 9


3.The doctor examined me carefully before he gave me the medicine.

4. Computer passwords should always be secret You should never tell anyone.

5.The astronauts went on a two-hour spacewalk to replace a broken fuel pump.

6.Some drivers have a sat-nav system in their car to help them find the best route.

7.The rocket is going to reach the Moon. Everyone watched the launch on TV.

8.Space missions can take several years.9.The Moon has less gravity than the Earth, so you

could jump much higher there. 10. Doing gymnastics is a very good way of

keeping fit.11.July 2009 was the 40th anniversary of man first

walking on the Moon 12.Two of the spokes on the front wheel of my bike

were broken in the accident. 13.The distance between Cairo and london is

3,500 kilometres. 14.When you are weightless in space, it must be

very difficult to stand still. 15. Currently I'm working for important exams.

films are forms of escapism . 3. In the past, many English children

studied classics at school. Now most schools teach modern languages.

4. Oliver Twist is the fictional hero of one of Charles Dickens' most famous novels.

5. The Prisoner of Zenda was ready for publication a few months after Anthony Hope thought of the idea.

6. Although everyone in my family works very hard ,we are not a wealthy family.

7. In Britain children attend primary school between the ages of 5 and 11 .

8. The coronation of Queen Elizabeth II took place in 1952. It was a fantastic occasion .

9. Millions of people went to London to watch.

10. Nobody has the right to steal things from other people

11. Some twins are more alike than others. 12. Castles were usually made from stone to

stop attackers from breaking in.13. He doesn't have the right to be the next

king14. My brother is very well-educated,He

went to Cairo University and then Oxford.

3- Language Notes:reform -( يصلح نظام- قانون )طريقه

repair =mend=fix أعطال يصلحcorrect خطأ يصلح

get to يصل إلىarrive (inكبير – atصغير )

إلى يصلreach ) بدون إلى يصل

جر حرف

classics اللغه لدراسه قديم علم واألدب

classical (music,architecture) قديم classic \ تقليدى

نموذجى

astraunate فضاء رائدastrologer الفلك عالمastronomer منجم –عراف

take place inيحدث take مفعول place محل يحل take the place of محل يحل

likeمثل unlikeunlike – علي علي – بخالف بخالف

من من العكس العكسalike الجمله على أخر

متشابه-السواء3- queue طابور دور يقف -ألنتظار طابورro row صف ( ثابت(

look like شخص- يشبه شخصيبدو look alike األشخاص متشابهان

hear of /about - يسمع عنhear from ( ) من أخبارا يتلقى

شخصdestination \جهه مقصدالسفرlocation( ) مبانى به ليس موقعposition اجتماعية مكان –مكانه

ثابت غبر

investigate – يتحرىبيستجو

examine يكشف شيء( ) يفحص \

observe - الحظ يالحظ

fiction خيال قصصى

science fiction علمى خيالfictional ( hero) ( country)

خيالى

spin = turn around حول يدور نفسهorbit =circle around حول يدور

أخر شيئ

compare to شيئين بين يقارن فقطcompare with شيئين بين

شخصيينو compare شيئto يشبه شيئ

) +مفعول make فاعل معلوم ( مصدر v to be + made to + مفعول مصدر

مصدر to +مفعول cause فاعل10


explore ( space –forests ) يستكشفdiscover (diseases) يكتشف

مره ألول

kidnap يخطفيخطف hijack شخصا - سفينه ( طائرة )شيئ

wonder – يتعجب يتسائلwander يتمشى – يتجول

) : اسم صفة تعتبر ألنها األولى الجملة فيصفه + ) األول مفرد المثال فى

year : كلمه جمع عدم الحظHe was a nine-year-old boy \ He was nine years old

v to be + well + educated v to have + good + education Ex He is well educated = He has good education .

a couple of(days-maaried فصلهم يمكن زوجوقت)-أشخاص(

a pair of(shoes-trousers – glasses -jeans) ال زوجيفصل

cause ofسب \ reason for ( اسم / v+ing )سبب reason why + ( +فاعل reason withسبب \ ( فعل

مع يجادل

4- Prepositionstake off ( للمالبس ( )- ( يخلع للطائرات يقلع walk on = do walks on = take steps يمشى

على a problem with /the problem of فى مشكله a representative for لـ مندوبattach to بـ – فى يربط متصل well trained to مصدر / for

اسمجيدا مدرب

علىfall to the ground األرض على يسقط think about يفكر - راىlook down on - اسفل الى اعلى من ينظر

يحتقرthink of - - – رأى مشاعر يراعى فى تخيل

يفكر interested in بـ مهتم suffer in space فى يكون عندما يعانى

الفضاءworry about على يقلق suffer from side effects اثار من يعانى

جانبيهrefer to / depend on على \ يعتمد الى يشير go on a mission بعثه \ مهمة فى يذهبbenefit from من يستفيد spend money on على ماال ينفقget a leak in فى تسرب به go along with على يوافقhave been toوعاد مكان مكان الى ذهب the distance from .. to المسافة

إلي.. منhave been in مكان زال وما مكان الى ذهب

فيهon holiday = in a holiday أجازه فى

know for sure بالتأكيد يعرف plan for / land on \ \ لـ خطه لـ يخططعلى يهبط

make sure يتأكد out of reach متناول عن بعيدkind of = sort of= type of من نوع harmful to لـ ضارexpress opinion on/about فى رأيه عن فى يعبر رأيه عن يعبر ready for ready for اسماسم / to/ toجاهز - مصدرمصدر لـ مستعد

لـ v to be+ interested in بـ مهتم protect from من يحمىpopular with لـ محبوب intend to ان ينوىput down ( can't ) يحقر - شأن من –يقلل

جانبا يضعsurprise to مصدر

أن يندهش

on the night of ليله فى say good bye to = see …off يودعbelong to لـ ينتمى fall(fell-fallen) off (horse) أعلى من يقع

( حصان(a good speaker in في جيد متحدث well-known for ( لـ ( معروف مشهورwrite for ( / ) مجلة جريدة في يكتب special about بـ خاص allowمفعول toمصدر / let مفعول مصدر

يسمح ) break into/ مفعول مفعول( بدونbreak in

يقتحم

based on معتمد / على قائمعلى

escape from من يهرب

based in ما ( مكان فى مقره ) يكون It is easy to مصدر

أن السهل من انه

find a ( treatment)cure for لـ عالج يجد at a height of ارتفاع عليworks of (Dickens,engineerings) أدبية ( –أعمال a replacement for لـ بديل

11


فنية ) 5- Some verbs can go with some nouns

for a holiday ,on holiday, shopping go a rocket ,a new ship ,a sat launch repairs ,walks, weightless, gymnastics,sport do a patient,damage,picture examine a promise, us happier, predictionarrangements , for sure, appointment

make tap , gas tube, cup, tankpipe,tyre, wheel , hoseخرطوم

a leak in

visits , riends, a plan , money make the right to v to have a talk to ,advice to give good bye to say

6- Grammar unit (1-2) 1 -Will ('ll ) + البسيط المصدر المستقبل I will be 50 years next year.1- في للتعبير الحقيقة عن

لالمستقببعد -2 تأتى وا دليل بدون باألحداث التنبؤ مع وتأتى

األفعال من . كل{ I think ,hope, expect ,sure} Ex I expect that he will win.

مساعدة -3 عرض و السريع القرار اتخاذ مع . وتأتىEx-A) I am thirsty. B) I will get you a drink.

. promise ) والوعد or\otherwise) ويعرف threat 4- مع والتهديد

Ex I will punish you if you do this again.(As soon as-after-till- if –when ) 5- الروابط ومع

ثاني كطرفبسيط ..... رابط مضارع will مصدر \After I finish , I will leave 2 - am, is, are + going to + المصدر

النية - 1 عن التخطيط - intend 2 تعبر عن v to تعبرbe + going to

بناء - 3 المستقبل في سيحدث بما للتنبؤ تستخدمدليل السابق على والقرار

… I think ………).( I have decided that…..)( دليل * وبعد

Ex There is a dark cloud .I think it is going to rain .المستمر ) am, is are + V +ing ( تكوينة 3 المضارع

له المرتب لألحداث المستقبل عن للتعبير (يستخدمarrange (

He is visiting his uncle = He has arranged to visit him.المستمر (will be + v + ing ) 4 المستقبل

المستقبل( + / in/ from ..to /all / for/ at( عالماتIn 20 years ,people will be queuing to book a space trip

التام 5 will have been/ معلوم will have + ppالمستقبل+pp مجهول قادمة By) عالماتة )+s time, this time' مدةin a, سنة

المستقبل عالماتBy 2016, I will have finished my studies.

جمع يعد a\an نضع أو المعدوده -1: مفرد األسماء مفرد تكون أن يمكن

How) many = several =a lot of اثبات=lots of =plenty of (a) few\Some( \( طلب و واقتراح النفى)anyأثبات

العادى السؤال (واال ( ) -2 جمعها اليمكن التعد التى الكميه األسماء

التجزئه : بطريقه(How) much = a lot of #(a) little \ some \ any (is , was , has , does , s بـ ينتهى -likes) 3 الفعل

المفرد األفعال(are, were,have ,do , s بـ ينتهى ال (like الفعل

الجمع األفعال( time,paper,iron,hair) 4- وجمع مفرد تعامل أسماء

وكميهواحده -5 كمجموعه مفردة عندما أوأسماء جمع

فرد من أكثر الى تشير(team,group ,crew,army, couple,family,staff,class)- The Egyptian team is going to play the match.( (مفرد- All the team are going to play except Ali.جمع) )

مفرد -6 فعل معها يأتى ولكن الجمع تشبه أسماءيأتى الذى الفعل

مفرد بعدهم السبب

Ten million pounds is المال من مبلغ اىFifty litres of petrol is من اوعبوه وزن ....اىFive kilometers is مسافه اىForty minutes is مده اىThree plus seven is والضرب الجمع عمليهClassics-politics-maths is دراسيه مواد اىAthletics – gymnastics is رياضيه العابThe news is \ measles is واألمراض \ كمى اسم

جمع ( فعل بحرفالـ -s) 7 بعدهم التنتهى أسماء(Police , public , people , men ,women , phenomena)

دائما -8 ( a pair of) مثل shoes,trousers, gloves جمعمع اسماء

) ( فقط( المصدر مع+ sأو المضارع ) he,she ,itالمصدر6 البسيط

1- ال يستخدم - مواعيدمع فتح ( مواصالت الثابته ونهاية- ) بداية وغلق

-The train leaves at 7:30 am tomorrow. ( intend – hope- expect – promise)2- مثل أفعال مع

After he finishes , he will leave. 3- الروابط وبعدمباشر

الجمع ( -9 و المفرد في التكوين نفس لها )كلمات - sheep – deer – fish – salmon) مثل

aircraft -space craft) والجمع المفرد فىتنتهى -s 10 مثل بـ كلمات

(crossroads– means - series - species- works) (a slice of meat,a lump of sugar,a sheet of paper) تجزئة

1-The Vocabulary of Unit ( 3) :Energy liquid ( water) سائل coal ( black) /split ( atomic ) انشطار \ الفحم

( زرى( 12


molten (rock, metal) منصهر atom/atomic /nuclear نووى \ \ ذرى الذرةpipe باألنابيب / ينقل أنبوبة fossil fuels(oil,coal,gas) وقود

الحفرياتpower station طاقة محطة generate (electricity) يولدpressure ضغط generation/ blades – \ - شفرة جيل توليد

مروحة ريشgeothermal (heat in the earth ) أرضى حرارى hydroelectric power ( water) طاقة

كهرومائيةrenewable (air ,water,wind) متجدد waste ( bury يدفن) فضالت / نفاياتnon-renewable (oil,coal,gas) غير

متجددwind turbines ( tower) بقوة يعمل محرك

الرياحto be +captured (energy) - يستحوذ- يحصل

علي يستولىrather than / other than بخالف \ من أفضل

Review A a smart car ( with the internet) سياره

زكيه a device اختراع- – ابتكار جهاز

the motorway السريع الطريق It doesn't matter اليهمكgo wrong\ put right=do repairs يصلح \ يتعطل sat-nav system بالقمر المالحه نظام

الصناعىget to a destination مقصد الى تصل

سفركthe main purpose of الريسى الغرض

منwave farm لتوليد ( الرياح محطه

طاقه)a traffic survey (do) المرور احصائيه

the slower...,the fewer…. ...... كلما... كلما sugar cane السكر قصبhardly any نادرا - بالكاد the sea bed البحر \ ارضيه البحر قاعspare parts غيار قطع

السيارات( ) dashboard تابلوالسياره

2-Some important sentences

Unit (3)1. Water is the liquid form of ice.2. You send a liquid or gas through a pipe to.

move it to another place.3. pressure is the force produced when two things

push against each other.4. Coal is a blackfossil fuel from underground.5. When atoms are split, nuclear energy is

produced.6. If you make rock or metal very hot, it becomes

molten.7. Water passing through a dam producesh

hydroelectric power. 8. Burying waste in the ground can damage the

environment, 9. Modern wind turbines are tall towers which

are built where there is a lot of wind. 10. Many countries are now using more renewable

forms of energy from the Sun and wind. 11. In some places, wood is burnt to heat people's

homes.12. Fossil fuels like oil and gas are found under

the ground.

Review (A)1. Most people watched the rocket launch on

TV.2. The medicine has no side effects 3. My brother and I are not twins , but we are

very alike .4. Coal and oil are two kinds of fossil fuel5. Electricity is produced in a power station 6. I expect I will see you at the weekend.7. The film starts at 7:30 at the weekend.8. How many times have you seen that film?9. How much time did you spend there?10. The distance from here to Cairo is two

kilometers.11. I have decided that I am going to do more

exercise.12. It is really good film , I am sure you will

enjoy it13. Thirty kilometers is a long way to walk in hot

weather.14. In many countries, children have the right to

go to school until the age of 16.15. Power stations generate electricity.

3 - Language Notes:energy – – قدرة طاقه

نشاط (حيويهmolten(metal\rocks حرارةبمنصهر

ليهعا melt(ice-chocolate) يذوبlast+ for-الشيئ + المدة

لمده يستمر13


energetic(مع v to be) -حيوى نشيطPower (station)- – قوه طاقهسلطه

عادية بحرارةdissolve (sugar-salt)in water

يذوب

-It takes+ المدة +مفعول toتأخذ مصدر

v+ing+ المدة + spend -شخص يقضى

split ينقسم – للذرة ينشطرspell/spelt يتهجىspill\spilt يسكب slip ينزلق spoil/spoilt يفسد

geothermal(the earth من ) حرارةاألرضhydroelectric power(water) من المياةSolar pwer (the sun) منالشمسnuclear(atomic) power (atoms) نووية

most (of)+ (اسم) =nearly all ) +the most معظم صفةباغال mostly*األكثر almost=roughly تقريبا #exactly بالضبط

الشيئ بعدها يسرق –يسرق stealالمسروق)

شخص( ) –يجرد robمكان drill deep / affected deeply

have plenty of free time have a lot of free time=

have much free time =

lie / lied / lied يكذب lie / lay /lain / / يقع ينام يرقد

للمكان( lay / laid / laid تبيض

يعد/ 4- Prepositions

connected to ) متوصل شيئ بـ متوصلبشيئ )

run out (of مفعول) ينتهى - يستنفذ

v to be +Piped to ( v) انابيب عبر تضخالى

pump water(into = to)(up) ( ) الى مياه يضخ( أعلى(

go wrong with يتعطل put straight into فى مباشرة يوضعtype of = kind of = sort of مننوع increase by + ( رقم%) رقم ( بنسبه يزيد

المائه ) فىdepend on=rely on=count on على تعتمد come up through a hole عبر- يمر تأتى

( فتحه(instead of من بدال use for + v + ing \ use to مصدر من يستخدم

أجلcan't live (do) without يعيش أن يستطيع ال

بدون do survey into ( ) عن دراسة مسح بعمل يقوم

use up = consume يستهلك dangerous to على خطيرsupply with بـ - يزود بـ يمد last for ( مده) يدوم - يستمر

لمدهa supply of - بـ إمداد لـ مصدر forms of (energy) أشكال ..

( الطاقه(blow up =explode ينفجر good / better for لـ جيدturn off = switch off يطفئ radiate to (the earth) الى يشعconvert = turn = change (into) الى يتحول according to لـ طبقاdeal with يتناول – مع يتعامل

موضوعsplit into = divide into \ يقسم ينشطر

إلىa replacement for لـ بديل inexpensive in price = cheap – ليس رخيص

غالى 5- Some verbs can go with some nouns

non-renewable energy , oil reduce steam ,oil,electricity,fuel,use of make survey into , questionnaire do electricity produce energy , money save Fossils , oil form

6- Grammar unit (3)من * he, she, it مع ies , es ,s المصدر + يتكون- s عادي فعل ألي تضاف

es- بـ المنتهية لألفعال ,o, ch, sh, ss ( تضافx (

ies- بـ المنتهية لألفعال قبلها y تضافالـ تحذف ساكن ies ونضيف y حرف

أو عادة أو متكرر حدث عن ليعبر يستخدمثابتة *حقيقة

-I go to school every day. متكرر حدث I usually visit my grandfather on Fridays.

ثابتة . - The Earth goes round itself حقيقةال يستخدم - مواعيدمع فتح ( مواصالت الثابته

14


try / tries مثلالضمائر * مع فقط المصدر نستخدم

I,we,they,you

ونهاية )–وغلق بداية *-The train leaves at 7:30 am tomorrow.

Its wordsعالماته Notes مالحظات A) * العالم تلك نهاي ات توضع ة ــــــــ في

ل مـ الج{ every, at night, in the morning – once a week - on Sundays - on + جمع يوم from time to - أسمtime=now and again-as usual – permanently}B) { sometimes أحيانا- often = frequentlyغالبا usually – occasionally – ألخر حين = always منever- still – no longer يعد = never- rarely– لمscarcely = seldom العالمات } نادرا تلك توضع*Ex He always comes late. والفعل الفاعل بين األساسي He is always late بالجملة كان و v to beإذا

دبع لكن

المستقبل هم بعد مضارع يستخدم -1 من بدال قاعدتان ولهم

}As soon as- after- when- till- until-before{ \ بسيط \ مضارع أمر بسيط …,...مستقبل

بسيط *( رابط ) مضارع *( ) ......,........ رابط تام ماضي بسيط ولكن ماضي

: Ex After he comes, I will meet him. After he had come, I met him. المجهول كفاعل + am , is ,are + PP + by + ( المفعول

مفعول ) يصبح· The wind is used to generate electricity.· Energy used at home comes from the oil . الحظ

حذفالوصل ) v to be + pp) =( pp) + ضمير

1-The Vocabulary of Unit ( 4) :Writers and Stories competition (writing- reading -trade) / مسابقة

منافسةdevelop / style (easy) أسلوب - \ ينمى يطور

old-fashioned (clothes, typewriter) قديمة موضة district (in .. / of مدينه ( اسم مدينه فى حىroutine (daily , fixedثابت ) روتين

شخصىestablish ( him) له مكانه يثبت - - ينشأ يؤسس

يرسخ- attachments ( e -mails) ( األيميل ( مرفقات law / prize / at midday \ \ فى جائزة قانون

اليوم منتصفpublisher / custom مجتمع \ ( ) عادة ناشر pioneer ( one of the ) رائدdaily , weekly routine - يومى روتين

اسبوعىaverage of / diplomat دبلوماسى \ متوسط

بالسياسة يعملv to be + made into a film يتحول

فيلم الىliterature ( English –Arabic ) األدب

confused \confusing مرتبك \ارتباك

career (long) المهنية عمل – الحياة فترهطويله

Unit ( 5) : Agatha Christie amnesia ( not remembering) الذاكرة فقدان identity / identify / develop \ على يتعرف الهوية

يطور \ هويةexcavate \ excavation \ - يحفر التنقيبينقب

اآلثار عنinnocent # guilty / set free # مذنب \ برئ يطلق

سراحmousetrap (catch a mouse ) فئران مصيدة invade / invasion / secret agent \ \ يغزو عميل غزو

سرىcrime ) بدون عامة جريمه

نكرة)spy / spy on / betray home \جاسوس\ على يتحسس

وطن يخونshy (about) (shynessالخجل ) / leader

بطبعة خجولقائد\

suspect (main ) / فيه مشتبه شخصفى يشتبه

headquarters / المقر القيادة مركزالرئيسى

transmitter / transmit ارسال -جهاز \ يرسل يبث

commit/do + (a crime of murder(قتل

يرتكبجريمه

running play/without break \ معروضة مسرحيةراحة بدون

instead ofاسم (instead( فاعل+ فعل

من بدال ( ذالك(

poison (kill)/poisonous /at the age of \سام \ سمسن فى

perform مسرحية ( )-–يمثل فيلم يؤدى - يجرى

crime fiction /invent (style) الجرائم قصصيؤلف\ الخيالية

2- Some important sentences

15


Unit (4)1.Early black and white pnotos show people in old-fashioned clothes.2.The Sun is at its strongest at midday .3.I don't really have a routine during the holidays.4.My friendd and I are going to enter an athletics competition. We all hope to win something.5.I sent e-mail with two attachments .They were photos of my friends.6.I really enjoyed this book. It is written in a very simple style . 7.Yehia Haqqi came from a poor district of Cairo. 8.My brother wants to be a lawyer when he graduates, so he's studying law at university. 9.Magdi Yacoub was one of the first heart transplant pioneers.10.Scientists are paid to develop new medicines every year to help people. 11.fIn my grandfather's village, they still follow the same traditional customs that he used to follow when he was a boy.

Unit (5) 16.Many children are shy about talking to their

teacher when they first go to school.17.All the fish in the river have died. Someone

must have put poison in the water. 18.A man has been found dead in the road. The

police think it was an accident, not amurder.19. He banged his head and is now suffering from

amnesia . 20.After they saw the mouse, they decided to put a

mousetrap in the kitchen. 21.Archaeologists are planning a new excavation in

the south of the country.22.Police are looking for someone who stole a car

yesterday. The main suspect is a man un his forties.

23.They are using a very powerful transmitter to send signals to the astronauts.

24.Working as a secret agent in a foreign country can be a very dangerous job.

25. In many countries, people have to carry an identity card to prove who they are.

26.In Britain in the 1940s, people were afraid of an invasion by the enemy

3- Language Notes:graduat from من ي تخرج ( كليه( graduat in (law) في ي تخرج

كذا مادةa graduate of ) جامعه –خريج كليه )

include ) الكل قبلها يشمل( جزء وبعدهاcontain ) بعدها على يحتوى الكل )enclose ( ) مع شيء يرفق

في الخطاب

habit(s) خاصة( عادة بشخص)customs مجتمع (عادات في

)سبات مناtraditions من (تقاليد قديمه )الماضي

abroad بالخارجaboard / سفينة ظهر على

طائره/ مركب

shy (about) بطبعه خجولashamed ( of) لعمل خجول خطأ

routine ) يفعلة ما روتينيومي اا)الشخص

red tape حكومىروتين

competition القراءه ( –منافسه تجاره)race سيارت ( دراجات –سباق

جرى )–

based on على –قائمعلى معتمد

based in فى مقيم –مقرهمكان فى

suspectيشك / the suspect المشبوةsusptious شكاك / suspetion الشك

insist on = persist in + v+ ing على يصرdecided to مصدر\ that فعل يقرر

فاعل+ v be+determined to على \ يعزم مصدر

على يصمم

● by + ( car, bus, train ,taxi( ( جميع معمعرفه وال نكره بدون on + (foot ● المواصالت

-a/the bus,train, ship,horse) ● in + (a\the taxi, car)

4- Prepositionsthe pioneer of .. ( the father of.. ) فى \ رائد

لـ أبa strong believer in بـ قوى مؤمن

expert on (in) فى خبير graduated in law كلية ( القانون فى يتخرجالحقوق)

make into a film فيلم الى يحولها at midday منتصف فىالنهار

a district of + مدينة فى حى come out = publish يوزع – ينشر– يظهر

a collection of من مجموعة think of ...as كـ ي فكرفيهاcut down ( trees) يقلل - يقطع full of / give in باليد \ شيئ يسلم بـ مليئ

16


refer to \ go out بنطفى \ الى يشيرللنور

happy with / type onto (on) \ يطبع بـ سعيدعلى

spy on على يتجسس on the way back to طريق فىالى عودته

shy about من خجول without the help of مساعده بدونembarrassed \ shy bout من خجول\ محرج

بطبعةon the coast of / at the age of ساحل \على

سن فىashamed of لعمل ( من خجول

خطأ)compare ….with / compare ..to يشبة \ مع يقارن

hidden in فى مختبئ on her second trip رحلتها فىالثانيه

lock in .... فى \ على يغلق فى plan for \ talk to يحبس يتحدث \ أجل من يخططمع

transmit a message to رساله \ يرسل يبثلـ

save …from من ينقذ

pass on information معلومات ينقل bring about يحدث / يسببcatch (keep) up with - يواكب يساير make changes to لـ تغيرات يعملget on # get off ينزل # يركب look right for the part مناسبا يبدو

للدورwithout a break راحة بدون work on excavation في يعمل

التنقيب5- Some verbs can go with some nouns

a new style a prize for * take : control of

Develop won

experiences,position, give me a headache صداع,advice to

give

a new product , availableمتاح make a crime,a project on do him شأنة من a project , يرفع establish work, began, established as a crime, a problem solve a messages,waves transmit

6- Grammmar unit (4-5) الحدثي أقدم التام ( had + pp ) ن هو الماضى

من يتكون*After/as soon as\when , تام ماض بسيط ماض=Having+pp* ( didn't( منفى مصدر بسيط ماضي till \until

تام ماضي* It wasn't until بسيط بسيط that ماضى ماضىبسيط * )ماضى الثانى ( الحدث because \as تام ماضى( األول( الحدث *Before \ by the time\ when بسيط ماضي …,. ماضي تام*After \ immediately after \before + v+ ing ( بدون..., (فاعل*No sooner + had + الفاعل + pp…than ……… ماضبسيط Scarcely + had + الفاعل + pp …..when …..… ماضبسيط Hardly + had + الفاعل + pp……..when …..… ماضبسيط… had no sooner + pp …than الفاعل * بسيط ماضى* When بسيط تام ) …, 2 (ماضي )1 (ماضي

بسيط …….. ماضى( realized \ told \ didn't see \found \missed * مع وياتىتام + by (ماضى بسيط سنه\ ماضى in+ مضارع \سنه

(+سنه since تام( had been + v + ing ) التام المستمر الماضى

من يتكون( Before \ when \ because +all\ for \ since هى ) عالماته

( have/ has + pp ) : التام المضارعمن يتكون ( v have+pp بين ,already) (توضع

just , ever,never) تةعالما ( since,for ,so far,yet,lately, recently,up till now) ومع *Yet( والنفى السؤال ونفى lately\( اخر ( ( أثباتrecently فقط اثباتEx We have finishesd .what should we do.*Since(2005,May,Friday,oclock,last,yesterday, age) * For ( year,month,day,week,the last,hour,ages,long)*Since ( ..... بسيط تام ماضي مضارع مضارع ) / (ا (..since تام

* It’s مدةsince + فاعل مثبت بسيط ماضى…… بسيط + last+فاعل * +فاعل when \سنة in ماضي

مدة \فعل ago فعل+فاعل\ سنة haven’t\ has+ p.p since+ فاعل /for مدة Ex. I last visited Luxor when I was on holiday. - I have not visited Luxor since I was on holiday. * (before مع never الثالثة الصفة ومع السؤال ( فى( ever) * Have gone to يعد ولم ذهب Have been to * ذهب وعادhave/has+been+ v+ing المستمر التام المضارع

من How ) ( since/ for + still - not - now-all) يتكونlong ): الحواس عالماتة عدد والتى افعال او بعدها

تامال المضارع فىوضع ت قصيرة

17


(How long مستمر تام ماضى when \ before ماضى ( ? بسيطEx.Before I arrived, he had been playing for 2 hours.

الحواس : احظ ل عدد والتى افعال قصيرة او بعدهاتام ال فىوضع ت فقط ماضى

(were + v + ing للجمع / was للمفرد ) الماضى يتكون المستمر

من ( (all , at ,between…and + yesterday/ lastوكلالعالمات

1-As\while\just as مستمر بسيط …,.....ماضي / ماضيماضي مستمر

عندما : المستمر لماضي ا فى الفعالن يأتى الحظاألخر أحدهم * .آليقطع

*When بسيط ماضى مستمر ,… ماضي = at + اسم فاع couldn't\didn't...because*مستمر -2لبدون

While+V+ing *During+ اسم,…… = While فى + فاعل فعل

المستمر الماضى*When + فاعل …………,.. On + v+ing = فعلEx On seeing him ,I remembered that we had met before

البسط (d/ed/ ied + مصدر ) عادى يتكون الماضى من

eat-ate/sleep-slept\cut-cut\ put-put/read read/set شاذهى العالما ت : ( didn't + * البسيط ينفى الماضي

المصدر ( بـ{Yesterday, last, past, ago, in سنة, just now,

previous, earlier, once, from..to...} يستخدم ومثل الماضى فى للعادات

بسيط When} عاده من ,…ماض عالمة أىبسيط .. المضارع ماض }

*used to مصدر/didn't use to مصدر /did فاعل use to?مصدر

عاقل الحظ v to be+used to+ v+ing مستمرة عادهالمضار عفى

How long ago did…………? = When did……………?" When " قواعد

1. When بسيط أمر \ \ ,مضارع بسيط مضارعبسيط مستقبل

2. When بسيط مستمر …,…….. ماضي ماضى

3. When ......... بسيط بسيط , ماضي ماضى ..... ( العادة مثل معا عالمات ) (حدثين ومع

( المضارع4. When = after تام ماضي …….. ,….. ماضي

بسيط5. It was only when تام ماضي that ماضي

بسيط = It wasn't until تام بسيط that ماضي ماضي6. When بسيط \foundفاعل ) , ماضى

realized\didn't hear\ didn't see\missed)… تام ماضى

7. مستمر تام when+(for\since\suddenly) ماضىبسيط ماضى

SM : Nassif للمجهول Passiveالمبنىكفاعل + v to be + pp + by + ( المفعول

كمفعول ( الفاعلV to be الزمن بسيط am-is are } حسب \ مضارعwas-were بسيط األزمنة v to be + being \ ماضيالتام \ to have + been \ المستمرة الفعل في ( have + been+ ناقص \ be + الناقصفاعل + a) It + v to be + p + thatا الحظ* فعل

بين الفرقb) الفاعل + v to be+p p + to )مستقبل\ مضارع( مصدرv to be+p p + to have + pp + الفاعل تام \ ىماض ) )*(reported–believed-alleged-said-thought-expected)Ex It is expected that he will win.

He is expected to win. He was thought to have won.

1-The Vocabulary of Unit (6) :The importance of trees bark ( outer cover of the tree) - الخارجية القشرة

اللحاءproducts / width اتساع \ - عرض منتجات

harden / widen / sharpen \ \ يوسع صلبا يجعله يسن

rubber (tyres) مطاط

ring (annual) (wider ,flood)( narrower,dry) حلقةثانوية

sap ( liquid) النبات عصارة

extract يستخلص - يستخرج toothpaste أسنان معجونcardboard (box)(stiff thick paper) / مقوى ورق

كرتونturpentine (remove paint) من يستخرج زيت

الشجر instrument (musical) ( أداة –موسيقية

طبية)calculate ( the age ofعمر ) يحسب

leaf / leaves شجره أوراق \ورقهالشجر

branch شجره فرع

a set of instructions منمجموعة تعليماتال

fruit فاكهه – ثمرة

breathe / breath يستنشق – \ يتنفسالنفس

keep شيئaway from

عن شيئ يبعد

18


harden / in this way صلب ينشف- بهذه\يجعلهالطريقه

roots (under ground -find water) جزورالشجره

fall over in the wind أثناءيتمايل\ يسقط الرياح هبوب

tubes ( المياه ( تنقل أنابيب

Review B evergreen trees الخضره دائم شجر found the story confusing القصه افهم لمdeciduous trees فى ورقه يفقد شجر

الخريفdo a survey احصائيه يعمل

have a good reason to لـ جيد مبرر عنده like best احسن يحبput down roots = live for a long time يستق

رlook right(for that part الجزء) صحيح يبدو


Unit (6)1.The roots are the parts of trees that grow under

the ground and find water. 2.The hard outside part of a tree is called the

bark.3.leaves are the flat green parts at the ends of the

branches of a tree. 4.A fruit grows on a plant or tree and has seeds

inside .5.Every year, trees grow extra rings of new wood.6.My father studied engineering at university and

has designed many important bridges. 7.Education is an investment in the future of a

country and its young people. 8. If you hurry , you will catch the train .9. If I am thirsty, I drink water.10. I collect postcards which I keep in a cardboard

box.

Review (B) 1. When I was at school ,I won poetry

writing competition.

2. She sent me the report as an e – mail attachment .

3. The little girl doesn't want to sing because she is shy.

4. My favourite musical equipment is the piano.

5. We arrived half an hour late. The film had begun half an hour earlier.

6. Agatha Christie's books have been translated into more than 40 languages.

7. The Romans captured Petra nearly two thousand years ago.

8. A detective solves crimes.9. The police are working on two crimes.10. The passengers had all taken part in the

murder.3- Language Notes:

another+ (- مفرد 3اسم days (لألرقامthe other ( إليه مفرد (فعلاآلخرother (+ جمع + others \ (اسم

جمع each other\one another فعلاألخر منهم كل

can/could = v to able to+ مصدر v to be + capable of + v + ing مصدر to مفعول enableالشيئ manage to مصدر=succeed in

+v+ing

quietquiet هاديءهاديءquite + quite + الي / صفة صفة الي / تماما تماما

ماماحدحد ratherrather سلبية سلبية صفة صفة

حد حد الي مامااليquit (v) quit (v) / يترك / يترك يغادريغادر

make / made شيئ out of (from) شيئ made of من التتغير مصنوع صنع ماده بعد

من ) )الشيئ مصنوع made from م نري ن مصنوع ال أو تتغير المادة

األصلية المادة + for + v / مصدر + is\ are + used to الشيئ

ing شيئال is \ are + used as …for كـ يستخدم

نستخدم - جر حرف وجود عدم حالة وفيالصفة

5 inches long / 5 metres high (in) - الج حرف بعد االسم ر استخدام

5 inches in length / 3 metres in height * The same اسم = as اولى درجة as صفة

صفة صفة الفعل األسم الفعل األسمwide width widenيوسع long length lengthen

يطولhigh شيئ\tall \شجرشخص

height heighten يعلى

deep depth deepenيعمق

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hard hardness harden ينشف

short shortness shorten يقصر

sharp sharpness sharpen يسن

old age date back يحدد عمر

4- Prepositionsmake شيئ out of(from) من... شيئ يصنع count up / in this way \ بهذه تصاعدى يعد

الطريقهkeep … away from عن ... يبعد add...to / wait for ينتظر \ إلى ..يضيفturn into /busy withالى اسم مشغول \ يتحول protect…from / pour..on من \ يحمى

على ... يصبtake in(light-co2)# give out يخرج# يمتص made from (sap) الخشب ( ) عصارة من مصنوعdrill into (wood - tree) فى يحفر surprise to مصدر أن يندهشcut down ( الشجر ( يقطع types of = kinds of = sorts of من أنواعtie the tree to فى الشجرة يربط ice cream is made with مع مصنوعcalculate by counting العد بواسطه يحسب refer to\ صفهenough forمفعولto

مصدريشيرلـ \

كافىpress down أسفل الى يضغط succeed in + v + ing فى بنجحbreathe in # out ( ) #( زفير( يخرج شهيق يتنفس count on = depend on = rely on على يعتمدcarry out (instructions) ( التعليمات ( ينفذ a set of (instructions) ( التعليمات ( من مجموعهcarry…from…to الى من ينقل loaded up with بـ محملgo on / put into فى \ يوضع فى يستمر do damage to/ move on \ ينتقل تلف يسبب

لموضوعget better at فى يتحسن make a list of لـ قائمه يعملtake turns to لـ دوره يأخذ along the side of لـ الطريق بمحاذاهconnected to بـ متوصل read out / instead of \ بدال عالى بصوت يقرأ

منconnected with بـ - صله له بـ مرتبط find a solution to لـ حل يجدworth for # better for # لـ أفضل لـ أسوأ فاعل+ at the endاسم\ In the endفعل

of. فى

نهايهwork on a crime جريمه حل على يعمل one by one واحده

بواحدهget on the train قطاراليصعد –يركب take part in the murder فى يشارك

قتل جريمهget on with مع وفاق على a good reason to hate لـ جيد كىمبرر

يكره point down اسفل - الى يشير

ينحنىfull on that journey تلك أثناء مليئ

الرحلهfall off (snow) ( للثلج ( يتساقط in danger خطر فىcome off (leaves) لورق ( يتساقط

الشجر)How big (the forest)? - رقم km 2

؟ ماحجمكم 2رقم

,(and)afterwards ذالك وبعد take in = absorb = soak up يمتص refuse to مصدر يرفض give out = produce يخرج purpose of غرض covered by the forest مغطى

بالغاباتv to be + about toمصدر أن وشك على connected with (trees) \ بـ صله عالقه له

( الشجر(On September 4th يوم ( سبتمبر )4فى connected to ( جهاز) بـ متوصلOrient الشرق pick up = select يختار =ينقى –يلتقط

األحسن5) Some verbs can go with some nouns

instructionsتعليمات for , advice give instrument أله, the piano play damage to , favour معروف – جميل do rubber, a hole, sure, a list make this list * Set : rules قواعد يحدد have chemicals produce

6- Grammar unit ( 6 )والمعنى الثانى الطرف قاعده If حسب

0) If /when + .. بسيط العلميه( مضارع مضارع) حقائقUnless = if …not = except i f If = when = as long as = providing = provided (that) = in cas e ( األولى الحالة فى ( تساويها

20


بسطاألولى واألحتمال الحالة المستقبل فى وتستخدم

1) If + بسيط فاعل ,مضارع will, can,may, need to رمصدIf + بسيط فاعل ( مصدر,مضارع أمر don't/ ) بدون فعل

بمصدر رمصد بـ وأويبدأIf + بسيط would you mind \could you ,مضارعplease…………?

نختار بسيط مضارع يوجد لم واذا مستقبل بعدها الياتى\ مستمر مضارع مضارع تام أو

فاعل + فعلUnless فعل +فاعل =with out \But for+ v+ing\ اسمIf بسيط + فاعل مضارع =Should فاعل

2و1حالة مصدر ))If فعل +فاعل = in case of \ by \with + v+ing\ اسم

\ Unless = with out \ But for + v + ingاسم

0- I f بسيط بسي …….. مضارع للمجهول ( ط مضارع مبنى مضارع الطرفين أحد يكون ان ) يمكن علمية ( ) حقائق

Ex If we heat ice, it melts. = If ice is heated, it melts = When you heat ice, it melts. If you don't water plants, they fade. = When you don't water plants, they fade. If the bark is badly damaged, the tree dies. ( If = When) أن : الحظ1- If بسيط المستقبل ) + will \ may,can\ will be able to\ need to, ... مضارع مصدر ( فىEx If they arrive early, they will catch the metro. ( احتمال ) If he plays well, he may win.\ ( احتمال ) If you finish early ,don't leave. أمر) ) If you see him,tell him If you study hard, I will buy you a present( وعد ) .Would you mind if I use your pen? طلب) )

1-The Vocabulary of Unit ( 7 ) : Engineering commuter أن شخص و اعتاد الى يسافر

العمل منcarve ( sculpture ) / rays أشعة \ ينحت

diameter ( of the tunnel ) قطر cliff / base ( concret) \ صخرى منحدرقاعدة

engineering الهندسة illuminate ( the statues) يضئ / ينيرinvestment (education) استثمار monument / cut into يقطع \ اثرinvest / investor مستثمر \ بستثمر v to be+ positioned (sphinx) فى يوضع

معين مكانmassive ( piece ) / raise \ – يرفع هائل ضخم

يربى- unthinkable / فيه التفكير وارد غير

مستحيلreach a length of الى طوله يصل keep ..out = prevent …from يبعد –

يمنع Unit ( 8) : Dr Jekyll and Dr Hyde

admit \ admition - يقر \يعترفاعتراف

blackmail / colleague عمل - \ زميل ابتزاز يبتز

biography شخص حياة سيرةأخر

human nature البشرية الطبيعة

knock on ( the door) طرقة / على يطرق commit / a crime جريمة \ يرتكبpermanently/profession(teaching) بصفة

مهنة \ دائمةrespectable / personality \ محترم

شخصيةrecuperate / مرض من يتعافى

يستجمin conflict / appearance \ صراع حالة فى

مظهرwill ( legal document) وصية the result of the experiment التجربة نتيجة

2- Some important sentences Unit (7)

1.My father studied engineering at university and has designed many important bridges.

2.Education is an investment in the future of a country and its young people.

3.Nearly four million commuters travel to and from London every day.

4.The Great Wall of China was an a massive project taking hundreds of years to complete.

5.That tunnel has diameter of 7.6 metres.

Unit (8) 1. My brother went on holiday to Aswan. Now

he's decided to live there permanently2. I thought the test would be easy, but I must

admit I'm finding it quite difficult. 3. Someone knocked on our door late last

night, but I didn't open it. 4. Doctors and nurses belong to the medical

profession.5. All my friends come from very respectable

21


6.The height of the cliff is 25 metres. 7.The artist carved the sculpture from a massive

piece of stone. 8.At night, bright lights always illuminate the

front of the palace. 9.If you want to ask the teacher a question, you

should raise your hand. 10.The Sphinx is positioned near the Pyramids of

Giza. 11.The statue of the pharaoh is a famous ancient

monument. 12.The statue is built on a hard base made of

concrete.

families. 6. My grandfather is recuperating at the

moment after a long illness. 7. I'm reading a new biography of William

Shakespeare. He had a very interesting life.8. She has a very nice personality She is kind to

everyone she meets. 9. People who commit serious crimes should be

sent to prison. 10. He left everything to his son in his will11. All his colleagues were friendly and helpful. 12. If you are going for a job interview, your

appearance is important. 3- Language Notes:

lose (get los ( الطر يقيضل يخسر فقدان / loss يضيع

مفكوك loose \خسارةmiss وسيلة يفتقد شخص

درس -مواصالت

-agree to + يوافق مصدر agree with + شخص his… agree on + شيئ

مفعول ال (يرتفع riseيليها/rose / risen

مفعول ( يتبرع- عيرف )بعدهاraise/ed /ed

arise عن - ينتج arouse* ينشأ يثير

respected يحظي يحظيعملهعملهللباالحترام باالحترام

(( فقط فقط اشخاص ( (اشخاصrespectable - باألحترام - جدير باألحترام جدير( - شيئ ( شخص )محترم - شيئ ( شخص محترمrespectful وتصرف سلوكمحترماألخر ( (نحو●sink = submerge يغرق لألشياءdrown /ed/ed ( يغرق

لألشخاص (

profession profession تطلب تطلب تتمهنة مهنةمثل التدريب من كبيرا مثل قدرا التدريب من كبيرا قدرا

والهندسةوالهندسةالطب الطب work: work: عامة بصفة عامة العمل بصفة العمل

تجمع تجمع وال والكمة جمعت كمة اذا جمعت يصبح يصبح workworkاذا

أعمال أو مؤلفات أعمال معناها أو مؤلفات معناها: أدبية أو :فنية أدبية أو فنية

job: job: ( تجمع ( )وظيفة تجمع ( وظيفة منتظممنتظمcareer: career: المستقبل المستقبلالتي / الفترة التي / الوظيفي الفترة الوظيفي

وظيفة في الشخص وظيفة يقضيها في الشخص يقضيها معينةمعينة

· prefer v+ing ….to / اسم ………… v+ ing / اسم

· like+ v + ing …more/better than + v + ing …

· 'd rather than.…مصدر مصدر

●temporary مؤقت ermanent دائم

-work ) اليجمع كمى اسم عمل( ينكر اعمال works وال

\ \ ( فنيه( ادبيه هندسيه تجمع

biography عن ذاتية سيرةآخر شخص

autobiograph ذاتية سيرةنفسة عن

site ومهم موقع مبانى به location مبانى به ليس موقع

● historical متعلق شيء تاريخىالتاريخ بدراسة

( monuments/ places/ sites/films/ plays / novel / customs / weapons / character/ research / document / book / backgroundخلفية /figure/ discovery/ adventure/ society /recordsسجالت importance/sights)

● historic متعلق ت اريخىواألماكنباألحداث (event/war/meeting

/moment/building / occasion/decision/day/visit/ treatyمعاهده/victoryانتصار / interest/ times/ battleمعركة )

● BCE (Before Christ Era الميال التاريخ ( دقبلقبلها يأتى

● ADE (Anno Domini Era بعدها يأتى بعد التاريخ ) الميالد

● finally ) فترة مضى بعد وأخيراصعوبات eventually ● وعده نهائيا –اخيرا

( متصل( حدث نهايه فى

the north the west the east the south of ● اسماء

+northern western eastern southern اسم ●صفات

●at the end of at the end of بعدها … … اسماسم يأتي بعدها غالبا يأتي غالبا االسماالسم●● in the end in the end تأتي أو جملة بعدها تأتي يأتي أو جملة بعدها يأتي

الجملة نهاية الجملة في نهاية في 4- Prepositions

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http://www.thanwya.com/wiki/Anno_Domini


travel on the underground بالمترو يسافر on horses / on camels الحصان ظهر \علىالجمال

cut into (piecesقطع – shapes أشكال ) يقطع work on the Great Wall of فى يعملالعظيم الحائط

carve into (a cliff) فى ينحت in the north of = northern شمالkeep …out = prevent …from يمنع – يبعد reach a length of طوله يصل

الىattach to = fix to - فى فى يثبتيربط لـ شخصattractive to شيئ جذابهprovide (water) for لـ..... يوفر divide.... into /put up إلي .... \ يقسم

يرفعwith a diameter of يبلغ بقطر accessible to الى - – الوصول سهل لـ متاح

متناول فىtake pride in/important for مهم \ بـ يفخر light up\at a certain time \ فى- يضيء ينير

محدد وقتthe quickest way to .. is to لـ طريق أسرع to the end of.. / fall off يسقط \ نهايه الى

أعلى منweight over + رقم يزيدعن ما يزن protect…with laws بالقانون.... يحمىthe front of / a plan for لـ \ خطه لـ المقدمه come to an agreement on يتوصل

( على( بشأن ألتفاقgive reason for لـ سبب يعطى five metres in diametre خمسه قطره

امتارtakes place in ( سنه ( – مكان فى يحدث change back into أخرى مرة يتحول

الىin conflict صراع فى do research into /on عن بحث يعملdisagree with ( his ideas) على يوافق ال

( أفكار(guess about \ wrong about بشأن \ خطأ يخمن

disapprove of (his research) اليستحسن go on holiday/sure of(about) بأجازه \ يقوممتأكد

knock on ( at ) على يطرق live on the island جزيره على يعيشprotect …from من \ يقى من يحمى ask questions about عن اسئله يسألIt was time for شخصtoمصدر

أن .. لـ الوقت حان believe in / try الشيئ on - يجرب \ بـ يؤمنيقيس

v to have + interest in بـ اهتمام لديه thankشخص for+ v + ing \اسم على يشكرfend for (yourself) بنفسك بنفسك اعتني صون– اعتني

نفسكmade special medicine for لـ خاص دواء صنع

go abroad to لـ للخارج لـ يذهب للخارج يذهب on the internet /sail to األنترنت \ علىالى يبحر

end badly for لـ سيئ بشكل لـ ينتهى سيئ بشكل لـ leave everything to ينتهى شيئ كل يتركfind it quite difficult to لكى صعبه ها لكى يجد صعبه ها يجد know more about how عن المذيد يعرف

كيفhelp شخص withفى شيئ فى يساعد يساعد do experiment on على تجربه يعملgo back to = return to الى ثانيه مره الى يعود ثانيه مره يعود stay in / die in يموت \ فى يقيم

فىtell secrets about أسرار \ يفشى أسرار \ يخبر يفشى يخبر

عن عن use himslf for من نفسه يستخدم

أجل 5- Some verbs can go with some nouns

a length of ,a width of ,a height of reach Engineering * make :a plan Study a project, the Great Wall work on a train, a bus , the metro Take crimes, foul رياضى خطأ commit research,experiment, things do it difficult to/ it easy find frightening,terrified,his best look

6- Grammar unit ( 7 ) """ " دليل على "االستنتاج Deduction القائمPresent المضارع Past الماضي

بـ صفه\ must be تنفى المؤكد اسم منأن can’t be \صفه المؤكد اسم من ليس

بـ فعل must have + P.P تنفى ألي can’t have + P.P فعل ألي

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· He doesn't speak Arabic, he can't be Egyptian.· Ali didn't attend the meeting, he can't have read e-mail.· The streets are wet. It must have rained last night.

B ) دليل " األحتمال probability "بدونDegree الدرجة Presentالمضارع Pastالماضي not sure / perhaps may مصدر may have + P.PIt’s very unsure\probably/possible/likely might/could

مصدرmight/could hav + P.P

· John is probably Italian. He might be Italian. · He doesn’t get the same train any more. He may have changed his job.· I haven’t seen Mona for ages. She might have moved. (= Perhaps she moved.)

: ملحوظه· ) could have + p.p(نستخدم ان وكذلك الماضي في االحتمال عن للتعبيريحدث . لم ولكنه يحدث أن ممكن كان عن . couldn't have + p( نستخدم والشيء للتعبير

الماضي في الشيء حدوث استحالة· He could have taken my car, but he preferred to go by bus. ( but كلمه مع تأتى ( دائما

B) Grammar unit (8)

األتيه العالمات الماضى مع القول فعل مع كاألتى الفعل نضعthen , at that moment / at that time was, were + v + ing … before, the previous ,earlier,yet,already, since, for

had + pp

the following day,the next day, the future would مصدر /was ,were +going to مصدر/was, were+v + ing just now / a moment ago / a short time ago /says /say / tell/ tells / ask / asks / want to know / wants to know / wonders

األتيه العالمات مع مضارع فعل نختارفعل كان لو حتى الثابته الحقائق مع مضارع فعل ونختار

ماضى القولasked, wondered,inquired ,wanted to know If , whether , ( رابط ( استفهام حسب ( + فاعل + أداه فعل

الزمن)1-The Vocabulary of Unit ( 9 ) : The power of nature

geyser ( hot water) / عين حار ماء نبعساخن ميله

cause of = reason for \ rainfall \ سقوط سبباالمطار

volcano(erupt)\lightning(see-eyes) بركان\البرق

drought (lake of water / no rain) الجفاف

thunder ( hear – ears ) الرعد northern / southern جنوبى \ شمالىeclipse ( solar – lunar) خسوف / كسوف occur ( accident ) يقع / يحدثharmful to /sight \ لـ ضار -البصر phenomenon/ phenomena \ ظاهرة

24

الخبرية الجملة االستفهامية الجملة األمرية الجملة told - informed إلى تحول

said to /explained/promised إلى

said

asked إلى said to wanted to know\ wondered\inquired

told / warned إلى تحولsaid to \advised \ \ asked \ordered

ب ونربط األقواس نحذفthat

الموجودة االستفهام بأداة .Whونربطبـ نربط أداة يوجد لم If \ whetherوإذا

ب و to ونربط not toلإلثباتحذف مع Do not للنفي

he \ she الفاعل وتتحول Iحسب مباشرة الربط أداة بعد يوضعyou يوجد لم وإذا المفعول حسب

الضمير إلى تتحول I مفعول

الجملة ( فاعل هناك ليسأو بمصدر تبدأ Don’t األمرية

(منه ي األمضى إلى الفعل تحول

مضارع أي إلى من ماضية

من إلى بسيطماضي تام ماضي

تصبح- والناقصة المساعدة األفعالونحذف هو كما بعدهم والفعل ماضي

من ماضي )do-does(كل الفعل نضع و) و تام did(بسيط ماضي الفعل ونضع

في هو كما يبقى لفعلبعد ألنه to المصدر

this that these those

tonight that night

tomorrow the next (following)dayyesterday the day(previous) before

..…ago \ last….. …..before/...later

here therenow thentoday that day


النظر ظواهرultraviolet rays (harmful) فوق أشعة

بنفسجيةshadow ( the moon) )–خيال القمر ( ظل

electrical (storm) (light absorb = take in = absorb كهربى يمتصReview C

a block of (wood-flats) - وحده من كتلهمن سكنيه

structures مبانى

sight بصر – – رؤيه نظر exploration استكشافdamage(to ) / the result of يتلف – نتيجة \ تلف mysteries غموضearthquake زلزال a good example طيب مثلbenefit (from) من – - يستفيد يفيد

فائدهcapital مال – رأس عاصمه

fertile ( land- soil ) خصب covered with بـ مغطىexport to # import from #الى يصدر

من يستوردincredible اليصدق

solid # liquid سائل # صلب full -time كامل وقتwater level مستوى – منسوب

المياة control system تحكم نظام

break a promise وعده يخلف pass up يمرmake a list of من قائمه يعمل awful = fearful مخيف

2-Some important sentences Unit (9)

1.The best thing about our holiday to Iceland was our visit to the see the geyser.

2.If it rains so hard that the soil cannot absorb water quickly enough, there are floods.

3.When there is an eclipse, of the sun, everything goes dark and the birds stop singing.

4.You cannot see ultraviolet rays , but they can still damage your skin.

5.She does not need to wear glasses. There is nothing wrong with her sight.

6.Scientists are not sure what causes volcanoes to erupt.

7.An eclipse of the sun is a strange natural phenomenon.

8.Storms can occur at any time and in any place. 9.It has not rained here for five months. It is the

longest drought anyone can remember. 10.When I was a child, I used to be afraid of

storms. I covered my eyes so that I could not see the lightning.

Review (C) 1. Too much sun can be hrmful .2. We nocked on the door three times , but they

didn't hear us.3. Nurses are part of the medical profession .4. I get on well with my colleagues at work, but

they are not close friends.5. The accident occurred at 8 o'clock when

everyone was on their way to work.6. They left two hours ago, so they must have

arrived by now. It is not far.7. No one is sure where Ali is, but we think he

might have gone to see his uncle.8. She asked me whether I had been there

before.9. If I read for too long, I get a headache.10. If you had come ten minutes later, I would

have left.11. The result of theexperiment surprised

everyone.12. Greece and Spain are in southern Europe.

3-Language Notes:float الشيئ( يطفو( swim المياه يعوم فى sink ( األشياء ( يغوصdrown يغرق( األشخاص(

site مبانى بة ليس موقعsight النظر- البصر sight (v) من شيء رؤية من يتمكن بعيدsights التي هامة معالم

الزيارة تستحق

مع صفاتviolent (storms)heavy (rain) \ strong (wind)high (temperature,waves)

Port ) معها يذكر ميناء مدينهمدينه ) اسمharbour به( ميناء ترسو مكان السفن)

lightinglighting lightning ightning اإلضاءةالبرق

solar eclipse (sun) سوف lunar الشمسeclipse(moon) القم رخسوف

no longer يعد فاعل( لم بين economic economic لوصف ( اقتصادي drought جفا

25


األول أو وفعلany more (not الجمله أخرويأتىمعها

economicaleconomical األشياء) - موفر( األشخاص ( اقتصادى

فdraught / رسم مسوده

تيار/4-Prepositions

unusual for على معتاد غير fall on ( an area )/ fall from ( the sky) يقع cause\ do terrible damage to لـ تلف يسبب take in / at the center of فى \ يمتص

منتصف depend on على يعتمد with high temperatures حراره بدرجه

عاليهget heat / light from من حراره على يحصل have problems with مع \ مشاكل عندة

فى v to be + right toأن مصدر حق عنده afraid of اسم/ to مصدر /

that من \ خائفأن يخشى

absorbed in (into) = soak up فى منغمس afraid for على خائفlook straight (directly)at الى مباشره ينظر warn شخص about (of) من يحذرcatch sight of يلمح disappear beneath the sea أسفل يختفي

البحرcome into view يظهر a clap of thunder الرعد قصفask for trouble للمتاعب نفسه يعرض open to the public مفتوح

للجمهورwith lightning speed البرق بسرعة lift people off their feet من الناس ترفع

األرض عليthere is no means of لـ وسيله هناك ليس What/How on earth…? ) للدهشه تعبير يالة

؟)....from time to time ألخر حين من there is nothing wrong with هناك ليس

فى خطأresult in=lead to=cause - عن ينتج الى يؤدى block out / effect on تأثير – \ يسد يحجب

على blow down\ in danger خطر \ فى تهب go out / refer to \ – يشير يطفى يختفى

الىharmful to لـ ضار go round ( the sun) حول يدور

5- Some verbs can go with some nounsdamage to , harm to do \ cause prediction about , people ill make skin , sight البصر research on , experiment on

damage do

explanation to, heat, light , a ray of hope من بصيص األمل

give

dark , blind go = become directly at , straight at look 6- Grammar unit ( 9) " If " قاعدة

1 -If هامه حاالت األختيارى: ملحوظه عند والمعنى الثانى الطرف الى النظر البد : الحاله لتحديد والتصحيح0- If بسيط بسيط ……..مضارع مبنى ( مضارع مضارع الطرفين أحد يكون ان يمكن

علمية ) ( للمجهول )حقائق1- If بسيط فى ) + can\ will be able to\ need to, واالحتمال may \تأكيدwill, ... مضارعمصدر ( المستقبل2- If بسيط المضارع )+ would, could, might, ……… ماضي و ( فى الضعيف األحتمال

مصدر والنصيحه3- If تام الماضى ) would , could, might + have +P.P, ……… ماضي لألستحااله ( فى والندم

اختيار عند هامة والثالثه مالحظات الثانيه : الحالهالثانية من were تستخدم- 1 : الحالة في was بدال والنصيحة لالستحالة الضمائر كل مع

الثانية الحالةEx I would help her if I ( was – were- had been – am ) you.

26


يضاف -2 ال بأنها الماضي في أنها تعرف ولكن المضارع مثل الماضي في تصرف أفعال هناكألـ ( حرف ) s لها

وهى ( الغائب المفرد الضمائر ) he ,she, it معالـ بدون ألنها ماضي He ,she ,it + read , put off , put on , cost , set , hit , cut Sأفعال

Ex He(will understand – would understand) the lesson if he read it . اسم– ( + 3 مصدر ) ) ( + had تعامل تام) had to و ماضي وليس البسط الماضي في كأفعال

ثانية( ) حالةتعامل ( ثالثة ) ( pp + had ولكن حالة التام الماضي في ) كفعل

Ex If I had enough money , I ( would buy – will buy – would have bought) a car. مصدر ) ( would have ) ( اسم + ) تعامل - 4 ماصي would have to ) ( و ونختار ثانية كحالة

بسطتعامل تام ) would have + pp ( ولكن ماصي ونختار ثالثة كحالة

Ex If you ( come – came – had come ) , you would have a happy time. If you ( come – came – had come ) , you would have had a happy time.

الثالثة من: - ( الحالة كل اختصار أنها ) d ' إلى would و had يمكن تعرف ولكن )had+ pp') =(d + pp ( ولكن ) مصدر' ) = (d + مصدر ) would +

the appointment, I 'd have come . Ex If I (knew –'d know-'d known know)) If يساوي ما ) ثانيا

1-If = provided that = provided = providing = as long as = when فاعل + + الحالة فعل فى تساوى If األولىEx I will lend you my car as long as you drive carefully.

قاعده Unless قاعدة 2 - ) ماعدا If مثل وتساى ( لم اذا ومعناها مباشرة نفي بعدها يأتي المن : كل

حاالت جميع عليهم منفى =If ( ( except if )ينطبق Unless =(If /as long as- (2 فعل/provided that + .notEx We'll come early unless there is traffic jam =We 'll come early if there is not traffic jam

3- If I were you , I would + فاعل+ =مصدر should \ought to \ had better + للنصيحة ( (مصدر* If بسيط \ +فاعل مضارع بسيط ماض = Should ( ثانية أو أولى مصدر ,....... ( حالة

فاعل+ . * If بسيط +فاعل ماض =Were فاعل to مصدر,..*If I were you/اسم=Were I you / ( حاله

اسم ...ثانية * If ثالثةحاله ) ……………………… , ……………ppفاعل had + pp ……….= Had + فاعل ) Ex If he had found the book ,he would have studied =Had he found the book, he would have studied 4-If + الحالة ( فعل + فاعل حسب = In case of / by + V + ing \ اسم In the event of / With +صفة اسم

Ex. In case of his illness ,he can’t come. (If) * If he is ill he can’t come.5-Unless \ except if \If…not + فعل + فاعل = But for/ Without + v + ing / + اسم \ اسم صفة Without \ But for + اسم = If it were not for + ................ الثانية ( اسم الحالة )فى Without \ But for + اسم = If it hadn’t been for + الثالثة …………( اسم الحالة )فىEx Without his help, I would have lost. = If it hadn't been for his help, I would have lost.

1-The Vocabulary of Unit ( 10) : Science and Scientists achieve / achievement \ينجز - يحقق

انجازTheory / theorically نظريا \ نظري ة

cancer ( incurable – serious) مرضالسرطان

amount مقدار / كمية

a cure for / cure of عالج \ يعالج لـمن

Visible(see) # invisible (can't see) غير# مرئى مرئى

diabetes ( sugar in blood) السكر مرض release اطالق / يطلقdiabetic ( v to be) بمرض مصاب

السكر gain weight الوزن يزداد فى

gradually بالتدريج regularly بانتظام27


result of نتيجة process ( natural) عمليةspecialist / specialize in \ أخصائى

فى يتخصصget together = meet يتقابل

Unit ( 11) : The Count of Monte Cristo finance (n / v) \finance \يمول -تمويل موارد

ماليةaccuse of = charge with بـ يتهم

lecturer ( gives lectures) محاضر

envious of / envy حسد –يحسد \ حسود

historical تاريخى fiancée / fiancé خطيب\ خطيبة object to ( v+ ing \ اسم(v)) يعترض

عليrecognize علي مالمح يتعرف

شخصassistant مساعد ( take -get –have) revenge on / / االنتقام الثأر

ينتقمimprisonment (for life) السجن / الحبس treason )الخيانة الوطن ( playwright (writes plays) مسرحي كاتب victim ضحية


1.You will never achieve very much if you do not work hard.

2.At school, students learn many subjects, but when they get to university, they usually specialize.

3.Scientists often do experiments to prove a particular theory.

4.I found playing the guitar very difficult at first, but in the last two weeks I've gradually improved.

5.People who have diabetes must be very careful about what they eat.

6.There are some sports where it is good to gain weight, rather than lose it.

7.Farmers water their crops regularly to make sure they grow well.

8.The little boy who was hiding behind the door thought he was invisible , but you could just see the top of his head.

9.If you don't turn the taps off, you can waste a huge amount of water in a short time.

10.Leaves falling from trees in the autumn is a completely natural process.

11.Famous artists had assistants to help them.

Unit (11) 1. My uncle works, as a maths lecturer at the

university in Alexandria. 2. I really object to people using mobile phones

in the library.3. After five years' imprisonment , the criminal

wanted to live as an honest man.4. I'm very interested in the past. That's why I

like historical novels.5. Accountants help people with their finances.6. Some of Edmond's friends accused him of

something he had not done. 7. They were envious of him because he was

happy and successful. 8. Epmond was planning to get married to his

fiancee. 9. After he was arrested, Edmond was sent to

prison for life . 10. Edmond escaped from prison and found

Faria's hidden treasure. 11. Edmond objected to his friends' accusations.12. Edmond rescued Valentine from her cruel

family.13.Shakespeare is one of the world's most famous

playwrights . 3- Language Notes: see + المفعول v + ing من جزء

فاعل الحدث expect + will فاعل مصدرمصدر + would فاعل expected فاعل

tasty = delicious لذيذ tasteful الطعم

رفيع لدية ذوقtesty = irritable عصبيالغضب

alone بمفردة ( feel ) lonely بالوحده يشعر only فقط

cure يعالج ( مرض( دواء باعطاء

heal (bone-wound)( )جرو - حيلتئمكسور

regrettable له يؤسف( شيء( regretful شاعر( شخص ( بالندم

pricey = expensive = expensive غالي بثمن priceless الثمن يقدر ال

compare with االختالف لتوضيح يقارن

compare to لتوضيح \يشبه يقارن

series / ) كتب أحداث سلسلة)أفالم/ serious / خطير جاد

factor جمعها ( عامل)عوامل factory = works مصنع

28


التشابهrecognize مالمحه على يتعرف

مظهره– identify هويته على يتعرف

accuse + الشخص + of بـ يتهم

charge + الشخص+ with بـ يتهم

be (get )+ married to متزوج منmarried with ولديه متزوج

أطفالgaingain (weight /speed /height) (weight /speed /height) في في يزداد ( ( يزداد

/ سرعة/ /وزن سرعة/ رتفاع)رتفاع)ااوزن gaingain معنوى شيئ معنوى يكتسب شيئ / information / information(( يكتسب

knowledge knowledge معرفةمعرفة /experience /reputation/experience /reputation(( سمعةسمعة

winwin / بـ يفـوز بـ / يكسـب يفـوز a /a/ سباقسباق a game/ a race (a game/ a race) يكسـبmedal / a competition medal / a competition مسابقةمسابقة/a cup / match /a cup / match ))

beatbeat يهزميهزم * * earnearn (money / earn a living) (money / earn a living) من من يكسب يكسب عملعمل

- As + وظيفه He works as a teache- Such as = for example.- the same as = like للتشبية - As = because - As = while as = although- + صفه -

مثبتة مساعد + and so--- جملة فاعل + فعل Ahmad likes football and so do I.منفية مساعد + and neither-- جملة فعل

فاعل+ Ahmad doesn't like tennis and neither do I

mention ( يذكرباختصار (شيء

inform /يبلغ بطريقة( يخبر)رسمية

a number of + جمع فعلthe number of + مفرد فعل

4- Prepositionsspecialize in فى يتخصص test… with (experiments) بـ .... يجربfind a cure for لـ عالج يجد change from… into ... الى من يتحولpass down through خالل من ينتقل soak up = take in = absorb يمتصreleased back into ثانيه مره صراحه يطلق

الىcause of / reason for /مبرر سبب

benefit from من يستفيد decided toمصدر / get over يتغلب \ أن يقررعلى

useful to \ careful about حريص \ لـ مفيدعلى

succeed in = pass \ فى ينجحيجتاز

keep up with يواكب – يساير prove a theory of نظريه يثبتlook on the internet على يبحث

األنترنتput into / run out (ofمفعول) فى \ يوضع

يستنفذ find out about عن يستفسر worried about/ important for على \ قلق

لـ مهمcompare results with مع النتائج يقارن sorry for /dream of (v+ing) لـ \ يتأسف

بـ يحلمobject to +( v+ ing ) (اسم) على يعترض on his birthday ميالده عيد فىaccuse of = charge with بـ يتهم a victim of لـ ضحيةbring up / rescue from من \ يربى ينقذ v to be (get) married to من يتزوجon his wedding زفافه ليله فى escape from من يهربBe + sent to prison السجن الى يرسل take care of بـ يعتنىteach about / write for لـ \ يكتب عن يعلم take/ get/ have revenge (on) من ينتقم

( شخص(suffer from من يعاني in revenge for لـ انتقاما

( شيئ(keep at home المنزل فى يظل help شخص with شخص شيئ يساعد

فىenvious of = look with envy لـ حسود at the beginning of بداية فىinform of / about بـ / يبلغ بـ يخبر in recognition of بـ / اعترافا

لـ تقديراjealous of من غيور friendly to مع ودودcatch up with يواكب – يساير write under different names تحت يكتب

اسماء 5- Some verbs can go with some nouns

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Sure,decision,discoveryimprovement make weight gain experiments, well, betterيتحسن , revision, research

do explanation give

Write: in style , under names tell : truth , liesa list , money make: get : married , credit lose weight miss : school agreement reach

6- Grammar unit ( 10 ) Wishes and regrets " ( wish = If only) " " والندم " األمنياتأن- 1 فقط البد ماضى فعل بعدهم األطالق يأتى على مستقبل وال مضارع فعل يأتى وال

بعدهم Ex I wish I (live – have lived – will live – lived) near you .

بسيط اذا- 2 ماضي الفعل بعدهم يأتي المضارع زمن في الجملة كانتI wish I (see –saw- had seen – could see) him now.

تام- 3 ماضي الفعل بعدهم يأتي البسيط الماضي زمن في الجملة كانت إذاI wish I (see –saw- had seen – could see) him yesterday

بعدهم- 4 يأتي مستقبل الجملة كانت I , we مــع +. could مصدر إذاالضمائر مــع + would مصدر he, she ,it, they ,youباقي

I wish I (would meet – met - had met – could meet) him tomorrow.I wish they (would meet – met - had met – could meet) him tomorrow.

أن- 1 :الحظ : wish = If only ( ( الحظI wish I had seen him yesterday. = If only I had seen him yesterday.

المضارع wereتستخدم - 2 فى األمنيه كانت اذا لألستحاله بعدها الضمائر كل مع I wish I were in London now . I wish the car were cheap . I wish to be a doctor ( to ( يأتى رمصد wish 3- بعد فاعل يوجد لم اذا

وجود - 4 حالة له (في مضاف تام تساوى ( regret ( بعد ingفعل فاعل + ماضي I منفىwish (

I regret selling my car. = I wish I had not sold my car.B) Grammar unit ( 12) " The Past Perfect Continuous Tense

(had been + v + ing) 1 - من : ويتكونحدث (أ وقوع قبل الماضي في لفترة استمر حدث عن ليعبر المستمر التام الماضي يستخدم

آخرI have been waiting for three hours before the train arrived.His clothes were dirty because he had been repairing the car all morning. (سبب ب أو مبرر إلعطاء

في لشيئ1-when / before/ because \ بسيط العالمات since / for/ all day / all weekend + ماضى مع

يستخدم - 2 األتيةمستمر -2 تام بسيط When + suddenly ماضى ماضى3-How long had you been + v + ing ... + when / before بسيط ? ماضى

مثل :ملحوظه طويلة فترة تستغرق أن يمكن أفعال مع عادة : يأتيwait / do /study / live /work /stay /play /watch / sleep /paint /read /write /talk/run/walk /travel /plan

1-The Vocabulary of Unit ( 12 ) : Festivals and Folk Music

celebrate / celebration احتفال \ يحتفل distinctive /the distinction وواضح \مميز بين التمييز

drum ( hit – noise) طبلة event ( هام ( حدثfireworks ( let off – festivals ) ألعاب

ناريةevolve into / evolution of \يتطور الى

تطورlandmark - بارزة معلمعالمة

هامfolk (music – songs) / الموسيقي شعبي

الشعبية واألغانيmark (v/n) يعلم / / بديحدد يميز عالمة / اية responsibility مسئوليةposition / / / / وظيفة مكانة مكان وضع

)مركز المباراة( vary (from to) يختلف- يتنوع

procession ( موكب –الرئيس –الملك مولد- ) جنازة

harvest يحصد / الحصادhistorical (events احداث/ play) تاريخيه a variety of \ various متنوعه \ من عديد

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Review D climate change المناخ تغيير water supply / waste المياه يضيع – \ مصدر

يبددHydroponics ( without soil) الزراعه علم

تربه بدونquality -جوده

نوعيةwithout soil تربه بدون greenhouse ( to protect plants ) الصوبا floating العائمه competition منافسهprocess عمليه narrator القصه راوىsounds like مثل تبدو make time وقت - يوفر وقت يخصصefficiently بكفائه mark the beginning of (spring) بدايه ميزيa way of + v+ ing \to مصدر لـ طريقه come round يتجول – يذورfarming = agriculture الزراعه regularly بانتظامadvanced methods متقدمه طرق envious of لـ حسودsubmarines غواصات producer منتجnutrients الغذائيه المواد keep fit / fit to الصحه على \يحافظ

لـ مناسبwith poor soil فقيره تربه ذات decisive moment حاسمه لحظه


Unit (12)1.Fireworks can be very dangerous, so they

shouldn't be given to young children. 2.We scored a goal because the other team's

goalkeeper was in the wrong position 3.The Eiffel Tower in Paris is one of the world's

most famous landmarks4.Forty members of our family got together to

celebrate my grandfather's birthday. 5.If you hit them hard, drums make a very loud

noise. 6.A procession of about twenty thousand people

moved slowly towards the king's palace7.They held a big celebration on their wedding .8.Sham El-Nessim marks the beginning of spring9.The procession of the president in the street was

remarkable.10.The evolution of the internet has taken place

over 20 years.11.You can buy this shirt in various colours.12.What is the distinction between who and which?

Review (D) 1. I am sorry I didn't recognize you. You look completely different.2. Most teachers specialize in one or two subjects.3. Experiments are used to test scientific theories 4. We are celebrating my birthday next weekend.5. My favourite position when I play football is goalkeeper.6. I wish I had known what I was doing at the weekend.7. I wish I had worked harder when I was at school.8. The children were covered in sand when they got home. They had been playing.9. By the time we arrived home, we had traveled over 500 kilometers.10. I expect to pass my driving test when I take it next year.

3- Language Notes:local محلي # global عالمىnational international#قومي دولي

Position (team ) غير وضع مكان ثابتlocation مبانى بة ليس مكان

harvest حصاد –يحصد collect يصطحب –يجمع

made it possible for المفعول to + مصدر mark -يميز landmark يالحظ\ remarkيحددبارزه عالمه

4-P repositionsresponsible for عن let off ( fireworks) مسئول ( الناريه ( األلعاب يطلقresponsible to أمام مسئول influenced by معنويا ( ) بـ يتأثرmake up - – يبتكر يؤلف يخترع get through (work) – يجتاز )عمله (ينجز

بنجاحwrite …down يخرج – give out (charities) يسجل - يدون يوزع

( الصدقات( vary from …to يتنوع \ عن يختلف mark the beginning of \ لـ يميزبدايه يحدد

31


evolve into = developed into الى يتطور last for ( مده) لمده – يدوم يستمرin the same way الطريقه نفس فى play on (instrument) أله على يعزف

موسيقية in relation to لـ بالنسبة pass from ..to الى من تنتقلaccess to لـ سهل مدخل make notes of = take notes on مالحظات يدون

لـ pick شخص up شخص يصطحب cheer شخص up يبتهج - يفرح

5) Some verbs can go with some nounsmoney ,music, sculptures ,notes , noisedecision, promise, suggestion , model of

make sweeping , dusting concert , party

do give

music ,the lute, on an instrument play together, through get the beginning of Have : your own style mark responsibility take

6- Grammar unit ( 12 ) " (Gerund ) ( v + ing )" &"( to + infinitive )"إلى : األفعال بعدها - 1 تنقسم ياتي : فقط ) gerund ) ( v + ing ( : أفعال

suggest يقترح practiseيتدرب finish ينهى enjoy ب ـيستمتع don't feel like يكره keep onيستمر recommend -يوصىيرشح

avoid يتجنب admitيعترف give up = quit \ يترك عن يتخلىput off = postpone يؤجل go يذهب It is no use (good) فائدة الcan't stand آلأطيق

imagine = fancy - يتخيل يتصورdeny ينكر consider فى يفكرriskيجازف miss يفقد mind يمانع it's worth يستحق

Ali admitted taking my pen. The driver avoided hitting the young boy.الجر :- ملحوظه حرف تأخذ الصفات و األفعال بعض ويأتي to هناك الفعل من جزء وهي

بعدها مثل )V +ing (الفعل look forward to إلى يدمن take to , بفضل thanks to , بسبب due to , بسببowing to , يتطلععلى v to be+ used to(accustomed to)عاقل + على object to = oppose to , اعتاد subject , يعترضto إلى إلى lead to , ينحاز على... Prefer + v + ing …to + v+ ing , يؤدى in addition to , يفضل

الى في get down to,باألضافة في contribute to , يبدأ . He objected to coming early يساهمبعدها– : ( 2 يأتي )to + infinitiveأفعال

agree يوافق arrange يرتب decide يقرر expect يتوقع hope يأمل ) بدون فاعل)learnيتعلم Pretend يتظاهر يدعى -

offer يعرض plan يخطط promiseيوعد want, need ,require يتطلب- يحتاجmanageيتمكن long = be + eager الى يشتاقrefuse يرفض

wishيتمنى threaten يهدد accept يقبل can / could afford يتحمل شراءdeserve يستحق dare على يجرؤattempt يحاول

Everyone agreed to meet at the airport. She offered to help her mother."to " مصدر v to be + made " بعد " أى المجهول فى ولكن مصدر المعلوم آلحظ make فى

بعد: أن يأتى He made us go out . We were made to go out.

إما (- 3 بعدها يأتي المعني ) : to + infinitive or gerund أفعال في بسيط اختالف وجود معV + ing أو to + inf بعده يأتي األفعال مهذه

A) (begin \ start \continue ) اختالف بدونEx It started raining = It started to rain

و اختالف كاآلتي هناك \ B)(hate \love like الفرقprefer)

عــادة V + ingبعدهم- 1 أو عـام حدث عن .to + infبعدهم- 2 للتعبيروتعرف أواألن خاص حدث عن قبلهم this\ that \hereللتغبير أو

would ('d) I usually like playing football. I like playing games . عام I would like to play football. خاص I prefer to play football here\now.

( remember \ forget \ try \ stop \ regret)

بينهم الفرقبعدهم الحدث تم يأتى اذا

الـ لة مضافا ) ) ing الفعلالحدث واذا يتم لم

) to المصدر (

32


1-The Vocabulary of Unit ( 13 ) : Wowmen in history and Folk Music argue for / يدافع لصالح يجادل

عن effective مؤثر / فعالdegree / شهادة درجة

علمية make flight طيران يعمل رحلةencourage /encouragment تشجيع \ يشجع impressive مبهر / مؤثرinspector مفتش licence ( driving – flying) ( رخصة –قيادة

طيران)personal شخصي nursing التمريض

solo = alone / منفرد عمل /منفرد لوحدة

role ( positiveايجابى ) دور suit /suitable \ مناسبيناسبbe in charge of = responsible for مسئول

عن employ يشغل / يوظف

Unit ( 14 ) : Greene : Travels with Aunt

banking / أعمال الصرافةالبنوك conventional باألعراف / متمسك تقليدي

والتقاليد

bully / يمارس بلطجيالبلطجة find out ( about) يتوصل / يكتشف

لمعلوماتexcitement إثارة funeral جنازةinfluential نفوذ / ذو مؤثر lead to إلي يؤديregard … as يعتبر lifestyle حياة أسلوبstoryteller القصة راوي spontaneous تلقائيadventurous مغامر spontaneously (no planning thinking) بشكل

تلقائي2- Some important sentences

Unit (13)1. Some people regard playing computer games as awaste of time.2. Charles Dickens was one of the nineteenth

century's most famous storytellers.3. After the excitement of the day, the children

couldn't sleep4. Many people agree that Shakespeare is the

most influential writer in the English language.5. Children who bully other children at school should be sent home6. They told him he was sure to pass the test,

but he didn't believe them7. My cousin believes in spontaneity. He never plans what he's going to do8. I didn't think about what I was doing. I just

did it spontaneously9.Our holiday to Australia was a great adventure. We spent two months exploring the country.10. In some countries, It is the convention to shake hands whenever you meet someone.11. My spontaneous reaction was to run away.12. Nursing is a job of looking after people who are ill13. Solo means done on your own, without help .14. If something is suitable, it is right in a particular situati15. It's an extremely effective cure for a headach

Unit (14) 1. Some students need more encouragement than

others at school.2. Personally, I believe that everyone should

study science at school. 3. She would be a good nurse. She has a very kind

personality 4. It was a great football match. Both teams

played very positively5. My older brother has a degree in Maths 6. Exercise can have a positive effect on your

health and fitness.7. Nurses have an important role in looking after

patients in a hospital.8. My parents have always encouraged me 9. I'd prefer not to talk about that. It's something

very personal10. I found university work very difficult, but my

friends were always very encouraging 11. Your grades are impressive , Jena.12. To be in charge of is to be responsible for or in

control of something.13. Something which is effective produces the right

result14. A licence is a document that gives permission

to do something.3- Language Notes:

train (in something علي يقدم argue for / in favour of يدرب decide to + مصدر

33


train to + inf. لكي يدرب train for + يتدرب اسم

أجل منas + a job ( كـ يتدرب

وظيفة(

يؤيد / لصالح حجة

argue against / ضد الحجة يقدميعارض

يقررdecide that أن فعل +يقرر فاعلdecide on + يحدد - اسميختار

teach…to لم / عي learn…from يدرسيتعلم

Between بين اثنين

among اثنين من أكثر بين

on (his) own on (his) own / وحيد / وحيد بمفردهبمفردهof (his) own of (his) own بـ بـ خاص علي خاص علي تدل تدلالملكيةالملكية

frighten = scare - يخاف fear يخيف يخشى

recipe عمل( وصفة طريقة وجبة )prescription طبية وصفة( روشتة(

Whatever you do: تعبير لتحذير الحديث في يستخدمما شيء من شخص

so + صفة + that " " ....أن لدرجةكاملة جملة

such + + صفةاسم + that " " ....أن لدرجةكاملة جملة

too صفه to ال مصدر أن لدرجة ""

بعدها ظروف هناك يأتي و الكالم بها يبدأ أن يمكن معينةجملة:

(Interestingly لالهتمام المثير undoubtedly/ منشك بصفة ) unfortunately luckily/personally /بال

شخصية· لألشخاص ) ed + صفة bored ( صفة

/amazed/ interested / excited · لألشياء ) ing + صفة bring / amazing ( صفةذالشوا ( impressed \impressive ) (delighted \

delightful ) ( upset\ upsetting )

Travel ( تجمع ( ال عموما رحالت Travels السفرjourney ( طويلة ( عادة عادة ( trip رحلة رحلةبحرية voyage جولة tour قصيرة) رحلةdestination المقصودة رحلة expedition الجهة/ ( مألوفة ( غير ألماكن منظمة رحلة استكشافية

معين لغرض قصيرة رحلة4-Prepositions

popular with / لـ محبوب لـ معروف suitable for/ have+ access to على \ مناسببـ اتصال

encourage …… to يشجع was born into a wealthy family أسره فى ولدغنيه

discourage… from عزيمة من يحبط الناس v to be remembered forشخص يتذكرهلـ

argue for \ against لصالح \ ضديجادل take up(of her personal life) وقت نمكا/ يشغلحيز-

argue with ( شخص ( مع يجادل at the age of \ care for سن يهتم\ فيبـ

write on (society) ( شيئ ( عن يكتب was born into a wealthy family أسرة في ولدثرية

write for (newspapers) ( مجالت ( لـ يكتب grow up / late for ( about) متأخر\ يربى على

associated with بـ مرتبط مسؤل in charge of = responsible forالشخص عن

overcrowded with بـ مزدحمة in الشيئ the charge of الشخص

\تحت رعايه مسؤولية

surprised by بـ مندهش made into a film فيلم الى تحولتgo through customs الجمرك يجتازاجراءات cruel to / tolerant of على \قاسى

مع متسامحat the funeral الجنازه فى get on well with ينسجم– - علي يتوافق

مع طيبة عالقةinfluential in فى مؤثر in his / her seventies العمر من السبعينات فيon the journey/effect on \ تأثير الرحله أثناء find out / watch out حذر يكتشف \ كنintroduceشخص to لـ شخص يقدم return to \ a way of لـ \ طريقه الى يعودlook on the internet النت على أبحث live on (his salary) أو ( دخل علي يعيش

معين )طعامregardless of = despite عن النظر بغض extend (his) stay for لمدة اإلقامة يمدwithout regard to لـ مراعاة دون work on a local newspaper صحيفة في يعمل

34


محليةregard as ( a waste of time) كـ\ يعتبر ينظر work for a national paper صحيفة لدي يعمل

قوميةby convention العرف حسب appeal to / believe in \ يعجب - لـ يروق

بـ يؤمنchange.. for (better) األحسن أجل من يغير apply for a visa تأشيرة علي يقدمmake /earn money from من مال يكسب sort of / write for (newspaper) من \ نوع

فى يكتبfor this reason هذا أجل من

السبب give up (job) عن يتخلى

5- Some verbs can go with some nounsa plane , over long distances miss : a friend fly flights , sure/ do : a job make a positive role fail: test ,exam play a record break a driving licence tell : lie ,truth ,a story hold (by) a record miss

6 - A) Grammar unit ( 13 ) "Relative clauses الوصل " "ضمائر 1- Who .

بعدها ) who ( تحل* ويأتي الثانية الجملة في جمع أو مفرد عاقل مفعول أو فاعل محلتصفه الذي االسم بعد توضع و فعل

The doctor who cured your brother is my cousin. The man who you met is my friend. 2- Whom .

. whomتحل* ( بهم) الربط وعند تصفه الذي االسم بعد توضع و فقط العاقل المفعول محلمن ( كل )him-them-herنحذف

Ex The man whom you met yesterday is my friend.بعدهم يأتي أن ويمكن عاقل قبلهم يأتي منهم الوص + فاعل فعل( + كل ل)ضمير whom و

who أن الحظيأتي التي فقط قبلهاهي جر حرف )whom بعدها يأتي التي و فعلهي فقط who * ولكن

أن بينهم ) الفرقThis is the thief (who – whom) robbed the bank. This is the man about ( who- whom ) I talked.

3- Which. . .) which( تحل* ونحذف تصفه الذي االسم بعد توضع و عاقل الغير المفعول و الفاعل (محلthey- it(

The office which (that) he works in is far from his house.المعنى قبل ةملحوظ which حسب يأتى الذى الجر حرف

This is the article for the paper (in which – for which - at which - on which) he writes . Dr Aisha used to go to the meetings, (at which- in which) she learned to read and write.Dr. Aisha wrote many books and articles (at which-in which )she argued for women .

4- That = who- whom - which . الثانية الجملة في المكرر العاقل غير أو العاقل المفعول أو الفاعل محل تحل

that أن * الحظفيها استخدام يمكن السابقة الجمل جميع أن األصل thatأي يوجد لم إذا -who( ونختارها

whom-which ( استخدام* استخدامها thatشروط عدم أو

استخدام- 1 " thatاليمكن بعد " وال كومه مثل (بعد الجر in- about- to wit (حرفEx This is the flat in (who- whom- which- that) I live. Ali,(that – who)is a doctor, is my friend

: فقط that تستخدم -2 اآلتية بالكلمات سبقت ثالثة – only) - alone - all - some إذا درجة ) صفةللتأكيد الحظ اآلتية It \this is (was) { الفاعل that الفعل ... }.................. .التركيبية

Ex Ali is the only boy that got bad marks in the exam. It was Ali that got the prize . 5- Whose .

الملكية whoseتحل* صفات .……) my– ‘s - his – her ( محل المملوك االسم يتبعها و A widow is a woman whose husband is dead. That محل تحل whose ال أن * الحظ

35


The man whose suit is black is my uncle /The man who is wearing a black suit is … 6- Where……………..

الثانية الجملة في المكان إلى تشير التي الجر حروف أو المكان محل تحلhere - there من كل جر + it ) ونحذف كل * ( in it - at it -on it مثل ( حرف ونحذف

من1- This is the place. I was born in it * This is the place where I was born.2- We have a garden. We have our tea there* We have a garden where we have our tea.

) فعل + فاعل where مكان] جر( حرف بدون بين: - ةملحوظ [ الفرق الحظ ) فعل + فاعل which مكان] جر حرف بعد ) معه أو مباشرة قبلها يأتي الجر حرف

الفعل1. This is the house (which – where) I live. / This is the house (which – where) I live in.(visit - buy – see – sell ). ال أفعال مفعول تهناك تعتبر معها األماكن ولذالك جر حرف أصال أخذ

عاقل غير2. The museum was the place ( which – where ) I had visited . عاقل غير مفعول هنا ( ( المكان3. This is the room (where- which) I study. / This is the room in (where- which) I study.

الضمير* محل الثانية it تحل الجملة في الوقت إلي يشير -6عندماwhen ................

Ex Friday is the weekend when all the family members meet.7- What = عاقل غير فعل \ ( which + ( اسم قبلها الجمله فعل + ( ) what اول فاعل فعل

1- What makes him a good teacher is that he is polite. = The thing which makes…..2 This is what I bought = This is the book which I bought.

الوصل* : ضمائر حذففعل -1 و فاعل بعده جاء إذا تغيير أي دون الوصل ضمير This is the car(which) I يحذف

bought . أن بها : الحظ بجملة تنتهى التى الجمل الوصل everفى ضمير حذف يكون .اجبارى

It is the first tim e I have ever seen a fox. This is the best student I have ever seen فعل -2 بعده جاء إذا الوصل ضمير يحذفكان- إذا معلوم ا له الفعل This is the man living here. ingيضافكان- إذا مجهول ب الثالث و v to be يحذف الفعل التصريف +}v to be + pp = pp أن أى يبقى

( الوصل ضميرEx The letter which was sent by my uncle arrived yesterday .

=The letter ,sent by my uncle, arrived yesterday.Ex Projects which are carried out in Egypt, will increase the production.

=Projects , carried out in Egypt, will increase the production.بعدها: ملحوظة وما قبلها ما مالحظة يجب الوصل ضمائر اختيار عند :

األولى ( ) الجملة قبله الرابط الثانية ( ) الجملة بعدهاThis is the man عاقل This is the manعاقل

who whom

met her . ( + )فاعل فعل\ فعلYou met here . + )فاعل فعل

عاقل This is the car غير which I bought . \ ( + )فعل فاعل فعلعاقل \ غير this is the manعاقل that I met . \( + )فعل فاعل فعل

This is the girlالمالك whose bag was lost المملوكThis is the place where مكان I was born. + فاعل فعل

Summer is the time when الزمان We go to Alex . + فاعل فعلفعل \ \ قبلها الجمله اول

ضمير what فاعل + فعل

B) Grammar unit (14) " Linking Words ( Conjunctions ) الروابط A ) 1- ( as well as – besides – in addition to - along with ) الى روابط ( and ) & باألضافة اإلضافة

واحد الفاعل مختلف الفاعلنحذف* الفعالن واختلف الفاعل تشابه إذا

بعدها ( و مكانة الرابط ونضع المكرر vالفاعلالثاني + + 1الفعل + as well asالفاعل

األول الفاعل

36


+ ing ( Ex –He studied. He watched TV.

As well as studying , he watched TV .أو* االسم واختلف والفعل الفاعل تشابه إذا

ونضع المكرر والفعل الفاعل نحذف الصفة. مثل المختلفة الصفات أو األسماء بين الرابط

and Ex He was a writer .He was a poet .He was a writer as well as (and) a poet

األول * الفاعل حسب الفعل أن أي Ex I am wrong . He is wrong. (as well as ) I , as well as he, am wrong .· In addition +فاعل أن to + فعل الحظ بدون

Ex I studied ,in addition I watched TVمعطوفين يكونوا فعالن تربط عندما

( متشابهان( and الحظ Ex. He studied and watched TV . He studied as well as watching TV .

2 – Not only + + مساعد فاعل مساعد + + but also = Not only. … الفعل فاعل . as well. ..... … الفعل1فاعل not only …...but also … .... Not only الفاعل ..but also 2فاعل + 2فعل

واحد مختلف الفاعل الفاعلسؤال صيغة بعدها و الجملة أما -Not only 1 أول

توضعوالفعل الفاعل بين -not only 2 الصمول

أونضعالجملتين بين الطريقتين الطريقتين فى but

also * توضع وEx. He wrote the letter. He sent it. Not only did he write the letter but also

( he ) sent it . He not only wrote the letter but also ( he ) sent it .

Not only … 1فاعل ..but also 2فاعل + 2فعلاألقرب ( 2فعل الثاني الفاعل أن )حسب أي

. الفعل1الفاعل Neither مثل nor 2الفاعل + 2الفعل

Either 1الفاعل or 2الفعل 2الفاعل ولكن + Neither of/Either of+ مفعول +

مفرد فعلمع الفعل مفعول Both … and../Both of ولكن

+ جمع Not only I but also he is a teacher. Neither of the boys is absent.

B) Contrast ( Although / despite ) Contrast ( ,but/ ,however/ .However, ) 1-Although = though = even if = even though + فعل + فاعل ,…………2- However + صفة\ فعل + فاعل +حال ,….حال صفة \-3 + as + فعل + فاعل ,………..4-Whatever فعل + فاعل +اسم ,……….. 5- In spite of / DespiteFor all /Regardless of + v + ing, أسم+ ,\ أسم, +

فةص

(,but =, yet , however =. However, ) الجملتين بينEx Ali is rich , but (,however) (.However,) he is happy. Although he is rich , he is unhappy. In spite of being rich ,he is unhappy.Rich as he is , he is unhappy . However rich he is , he is unhappy . Whatever richness he has , he is unhappy.

C) The cause السبب Result ………….………………… النتيجة A because = as = since + فعل + فاعل B because of = owing to = due to = through = thanks to = as a result of = on account of / for + v + ing , أسم ,صفة + , أسمHe didn't go because he was ill .He didn't go due to being ill/his illnessC Being + لكونه , …….صفه ) )

}so ,therefore, consequently,thus,that’s whyas a result , the result was that , hence {

عكس السبب قبلهم و النتيجة بعدهم يأتي. السبب روابط

Ali didn't come because he was ill . (that's ) Ali was ill ,that's why he didn't come.

حظال,}as a result= ,so}{as a result of=because of{

D) The purpose clause المعقد البسيط The purpose phrase الغرض الغرضA مصدر can \may ( لكي ) so that + فاعل could/ might مصدر in order that will be able to مصدر

could \ can الناقص نضع *notبعد النفي عندالماضي و could\might في المضارع \can في

C ( to / in order to / so as to + المصدر ) Ex-He worked hard so as to finish early . - He worked hard so that he could finish early to قبل not النفي عند نضع*

37


may * * lest = for fear that فاعل should مصدر She studied hard lest she should fail.

* so as not \ in order not to مصدر = * for fear of + v + ing/ اسم She studied hard for fear of failure.

1-The Vocabulary of Unit ( 15 ) : The Future of Books papyrus(tall grass)(used for writing) ورق

البردى recycle (v) ( use it again) يعيداستخدام

paperback (book with cover) ذو كتابغالف recyclable أخري مرة لالستخدام قابل

traditional # up-to-date (book) قديم #حديث

recycled paper مستعمل ورق

still (pictures) للصور ( ) ثابت bleach (v) ( make it white / لونه يجعل يبيضأبيض

moving (pictures) للصور ( ) متحرك available\ availability - \ توافر- متوافر متاحإتاحة

enthusiast (n) ( شخص( متحمس roller – ( األشياء ( لضغط أواسطوانة بكرةالدهان رلة

enthusiastic about (adj.) بشأن متحمس roll (v) يسوي / / يلف يدورenthusiasm تحمس / حماس gadget (a small tool or machine ) جهاز

صغيرe-book = electronic book كتاب

الكترونى compress = press ( حيز ( فى يضغط

bleach (v)(make it white) لونه/ يجعل يبيضأبيض encyclopedia (hold information) موسوعة

mixture (of)(fact and fiction) مزيج / خليط( من( soak in (cover with water) في يغمر أو ينقع

سائلa range of books الكتب من سلسلة download - ) معلومات بتحميل يقوم

االنترنت) من برامجscreen ( a TV or a computer) شاشة be+ broken into(small pieces) الى تفتت

قطع give access to education سهلة وسيلة تعطى

للتعليم CD ROM (compact disk) (hold تسع) اسطوانة

v to be + on the move – الى ينتقلالى يتحرك stationery / stationary الكتابية ثابت \األدوات

التتحرك– dry in (the sun) فى يجفف logs (are broken into pieces) من قطع

الخشب Review E

abroad الخارج enthusiastic about لـ متحمسa charity خيرية جمعيعة replacement بديلfun متعة common for شائع –مشهور sensible حساس career فترة –عمل

عملculture ثقافة energetic حيوىv to be + inspired +by بـ يلهم structure تركيب- مبنىmake friends يصادق award جائزة –جائزة يمنحimmediately الحال –مباشرة فى seriously بجديةon visit زيارة فى said in an interview الحوار فى قال

2-Some important sentencesUnit (15 )

1. My mother has a special gadget for cutting vegetables.

2. Ali is really enthusiastic about his university course.

3. I'm going to download some information from the internet for my school project.

Review (E)1. My parents have always encouraged me to

keep fit by playing sports.2. When you pass your test, you will get a

driving licence.3. He doesn't want to live a conventional life. He

would prefer excitement and adventure.38


4. The television picture is really clear, You have an enormous scree n.

5. This novel is not available as an e-book yet, but you'll be able to get it next year.

6. My father is a golf enthusiast . He plays and watches it on TV whenever he can.

7. Today, paper, plastic and glass can all be recycled.

8. Before you can cook these beans, you have to soak them for three hours.

9. The story is an interesting mixture of fact and fiction.

10. You can bleach white shirts to keep them looking clean

11. CD-ROMs can hold a lot of information and are small enough to carry in your pocket

12. The best thing about a paperback is that you can easily carry it and read it at any time.

13. Her brother has not shown any enthusiasm for any sport of any kind.

4. Their TV screen is very dirty.5. Paperback books used to be very cheap.6. Nightingale, who was born in Italy, went to

school in England.7. My uncle went to a school in London, where

he learned to speak English8. I went to the bank this morning because I

needed to take out some money.9. I have felt really tired today though I went to

bed early last night.10. I hope that by the end of next week, our roof

will have been repaired.11. She has spent much of her career encouraging

other women.12. I wanted to complain to the manager of the

shop, but he was unavailable.13. To start the machine, just give this button a

press .14. The vase rolled off the edge of the table and

smashed

3- Language Notes:fit ) حيث من يناسبالمقاس)suit ( الشكل ( حيث من يناسبmatch ( لألشياء ( مع يتماشي

trade with ( مع شخص / يتاجر دوله

trade in في –بضاعة ( يتاجر سلعة )

together سويا / altogether معاتماما

stationery (shop) (pens, paper,….etc) الكتابية األدواتstationary \ متحرك غير ثابت

had better +مصدر ( نصيحة ( األفضل من hold /held ثابت –يستوعب –يسع شيئ يمسكيعقد – ) )

4-Prepositions

draw on paper الورق علي يرسم break into (small pieces) قطع إلي يكسرصغيرة

soak in (liquid -water) فى – ينقعيغمس

mix with chemicals مع مواد يخلطكيميائية

dried in ( the sun) فى – ينشف فى remove from يجفف من يزيلpass through عبر يمر cut down (trees- prices) يقلل - يقطعenthusiastic about لـ متحمس download from برامج يحمل

منroll up\ roll in بكميات \ يتدفق يطوي

كبيرة on the other hand الجانب علىاألخر

information on the net علي معلوماتالنت good for (the environment) ( للبيئة ( مفيد

be replaced by بـ استبداله يتم receive an award for جائزة يتلقيعن

replace … with بـ ... يستبدل range from … to … إلي .. ... من يتراوحgo on a business trip عمل رحلة في يذهب traded with مع يتاجرwork for a charity مؤسسة لدي يعمل

خيرية instead of/the best thing about \ من بدالاألحسن

cut شيئ by رقم% بنسبة يقلل bring someone round وعيه إلي شخص يعيدhold huge amounts of هائلة لكميات تتسع work for the common good لصالح يعمل

العامturn over the page الصفحة يقلب go (bring) down = reduce (price) يقل

( السعر(39


take up a lot of space كبيرا حيزا تشغل keep up with ( the latest … أحدث) يواكب /يساير

make way for لـ الطريق أو المكان يخلي made from recycled paper مصنوعمن

find out about عن يستفسر paper is made from (trees -cotton) مصنوعمن

knock down (buildings) يهدم make way for ( new road) لـ - يخلى لـ يوسع5 -Some verbs can go with some nouns

paper , new friends make paper , glass, metal recycle music, information download electricity generate newspaper ,book publish the price ,traffic reduce = cut

6- Grammar unit ( 15 ) " Future Passive " مفعولال + will be + P.P : المستقبل في المجهول صيغة كاآلتي البسيط تتكون

In the future, our energy will be produced from wind power.Petrol and oil will not be used as much as they are today.

كاآلتي : يتكون التام من المستقبل التام المستقبل will have / shall have + PP. يتكونالم في معين وقت قبل تم قد سيكون شيء أن علي وعالماتة ويدل ستقبل

(by + 2020 قادمة by + 6 o'clock)(…by + the end of next) (..by + next) (by + tomorrow) ( سنةtomorrow) (this time + tomorrow ) (in a year's time) (in a month's time) (in a day's time )(in a week's time ) He will have finished the project by 2020. They will have built the house by next month.

المجهول will have + been + P.P + المفعول التام صيغة كاآلتي للمستقبل تكون The project will have been finished by 2020. The house will have been built by next month

1-The Vocabulary of Unit ( 17 ) : Finding Work

conscientious عمله / في ومجتهد مجدحى ضميرة neighbourhood سكان / منطقة

المنطقةwell established / مكانة / ذات أقيمت شيدت

مرموقة pharmacy صيدلية

sociable (generous كريم) اجتماعي CV=curriculum vitae ) بيانات الذاتية السيرةشخص)

achievement انجاز promotion (get) ترقيةmodule مقرر / من جزء دراسية وحدة

دراسي permanent job = a full-time job وظيفةدائمة

well-organized جدا منظم temporary job = part-time job وظيفةمؤقتة

conscience الضمير make profits أرباحا يحققneighbourly لوصف / ( صفة معين ودود

أشخاص) personnel manager شئون مديرالعاملين

fluent in\ fluently\fluency فى \ طليقالطالقة \ بطالقة neighbourhood سكان / منطقة

المنطقةmodular degree من\ جزء في شهادة درجة

مقرردراسي trainee / trainer مدرب \ متدرب

applicant لوظيفة ( متقدممثال) Pharmacy (sell-make-medicines-drugs) صيدلي

ةformally # informally غيررسمى

رسمي بشكل# CV=curriculum vitae ) بيانات الذاتية السيرة

شخص)reputation (good-bad)\reputable حسن-\ سمعة

السمعة driving licence (hold على ( حائز رخصةقيادة

fill in (application form) طلب استمارة يمألوظيفة promote يدعم – – يروج يرقي

acquire (experience) ( خبرة ( يكتسب qualify asوظيفة in يؤهل / مؤهل

40


يتأهلsmart appearance مظهر حسن trainee / trainer مدرب \ متدربBachelor of Arts =BA أداب ليانس Date Of Birth = DOB الميالد تاريخBachelor of science = BSC بكالوريوس

علوم Information technology= IT تكنولوجيامعلومات

Master of Science= MSC فى ماجيستيرالعلوم Doctor of philosophy =PhD دكتوراة

الفلسفة1-The Vocabulary of Unit ( 17 ) : The Pearl

pearl (valuable jewellery) لؤلؤ influential مؤثرgreed / greedy جشع – \ \ الطمع الجشع

طماع force (v) ( n) \ - - قوة يرغم يلزم يجبرpersuasion اقناع a rival firm منافسة شركةpersuade \ persuasive مقنع \ يقنع economic depression (bad) كساد \ ركود

تجارىcelebrity مشهور شخص early childhood المبكرة الطفولةcorrespondent (reports news) مراسل

( صحفى( cave (a large natural hole) كهف

dive/diver/go diving \ يذهب\ غواص يغوصللغطس sophisticated متطور / متقدم

civil servant حكومي موظف publicity (seek(avoid/يسعى

شهرة / / دعايةشعبية

ancestors أجداد / أسالف v be worth a lot of money كثير تستحقالمال من

scorpion (with poisonous sting) عقرب purchase يتسوق \ يشتري

sting – stung - stung (scorpion) يلدغ throw away (out) برميه \ شيء من يتخلصيرمى

stinging صفه ( report) شديد\ \ قاسى الدغاللهجة comedian كوميدي ممثل

merchant (sells and buys ) تاجر martial arts القتالية الفنونmakeشخص blind to reality عن اعمى تجعله

حقيقة Organ / destroy الجسم \ من عضويدمر


1. The hospital is looking for sociable young people to train.

2. Ali is the most conscientious student in the class. He works hard .

3. When they are applying for a job, some people start their CV with personal details.

4. Our school is very organised .The staff and students are always on time

5. Our family has a well-established business. 6. I need some medicine. Is there a pharmacy

near here?7. My uncle was always ambitious. He was

always looking for a better job.8. The company received over 100 CVs from

interested applicants .9. My brother is more ambitiou s than me. He

gets on with everyone he meets10.Tim's applied to join the navy.11.He is a very good man. He always does his

work conscientiously.12.He was considered to be stubborn, selfish and

Unit (17) 1-Today's newspaper has a very interesting report from one of their correspondents in India.2-My grandmother's beautiful pearl necklace was a wedding present from her uncle. 3-Police are looking for the missing car. Divers have been searching the river all day.4-A well-known TV authority is opening a new supermarket in our town tomorrow.5-People lost their jobs and businesses closed during that year's terrible depression. 6-I'd like to help my country by working as a civil servant.7-Being stung by an insect is very painful.8-That shopkeeper is always great to do business with.9-My friend persuaded me to go swimming, even though I felt ill.10-Although people are frightened of them, scorpions don't kill many human beings.11-I threw away the newspaper this morning. I didn't know you hadn't read it.

41


unsociable as a child.13.The campaign was poorly organized, so it did

not succeed. 14.Karim is the most skilful player in our team.

He plays so well.15.The people in this part of town are always very

neighbourly ,especially if someone needs help.16.Fluency is the most important language skill.17.When I go to university, I am going to do a

modular science degree.18.He can speak English fluently .19.Most of the houses in our neighbourhood are

quite old.20.Day care is a centre where people who are old

or ill can be looked after during the day.21.A module is one of the parts that a course of

study is divided into.22. I filled in the application form and sent it off.

12-With a little persuasion, he has agreed to meet tomorrow evening.13-My sister can be very persuasive .She usually gets what she wants.14-Don't be so greedy. You've eaten enough.15-What's the best treatment for a headache?16-He gave a stinging report about the company's problems.17-A cave is a large hole in the side of a cliff or under the ground.18-A greedy man usually wants to have more money, food, power etc than he needs.19-A (diamond – stone – pearl - necklace) is a valuable small white round object that forms inside an oyster and is used in jewellery.20-To force is to make someone do something they do not want to do.21-A celebrity is a famous person, especially an actor or entertainer.

3- Language Notes:on time = punctual, not late المحدد الوقت فيin time = early enough / soon enough الوقت في

يكفي/ بما مبكرا المناسب

interview شخصية مقابلة/ ) /( إذاعية( مقابلة للوظيفة ( صحفية / تليفزيونية appointment / ميعاد موعد

conferenc مؤتمر meeting اجتماع

Wages ( مثال ( عمال أجوراألسبوع أو اليوم أو بالساعة

Salary أو شهري مرتبأجرة \ Fare\ .سنوي أتعاب Feesمواصالت ( - مصاريف( دكتور محامىمدرسية

think of = think about think of = think about عن / السؤال عند في عن / يفكر السؤال عند في يفكر

الرأيالرأيthink of think of / في يفكر في / يتذكر يفكر يتذكراآلخريناآلخرين

do a project do a project بحث بإعداد بحث يقوم بإعداد يقومدراسة دراسة أو أو

Carry out a project Carry out a project ينفذ ينفذ / ) ، صناعي تجاري ، ( / مشروع صناعي تجاري مشروع مثال)مثال)

degree in دراسى \مؤهلعلميه درجه

grade grade دراسى دراسى صف صفa graduate of /graduated fromgraduated from

makemake / let مصدرمصدر + + مفعول مفعول ·· force / force / allow مفعولمفعول + to + to مصدرمصدر

receipt receipt الشراء الشراء إيصال bill\bill\ إيصالتليفون ( / / مياه كهرباء تليفون ( / / فاتورة مياه كهرباء فاتورة

( )مطعم/ مطعم/

inquire / enquire inquire / enquire يستفسريستفسر require = need require = need / يحتاج يحتاج / يتطلب يتطلب

apply for / ) وظيفة علي للحصول بطلب يتقدم( الخ / / ، الجامعة في مكان جنسية apply تأشيرةin person شخصيا بالطلب يتقدمapply in writing كتابة الطلب يطبق apply apply / يقدم

يستخدم – apply to + يتقدم .مصدر

لكي بطلب

applicant ( للحصول ( كتابي بطلب متقدمتأشيرة ( / / / جنسية وظيفة شيء علي( قرض / منحةcandidate ( االنتخابات ( / في لوظيفة مرشح

ما المتحان متقدمnominee ( أو ( هامة لوظيفة رسميا مرشح جائزة

4- Prepositionsapply for (job/visa) علي للحصول بطلب يتقدم work as …for لـدى .... .... يعمل كـapply in writing كتابى بطلب يتقدم relevant to لـ / مطابق مالئم /بـ

لـ مناسبfocus on علي يركز be in existence موجودا يكونa long way from من بعيدة مسافة علي have access to أو على الحصول يمكنه

.. إلي الوصولcare about بـ يهتم have a good command of جيد إلمام لديه

)بـ لغة (reply to علي يرد get into university بالجامعة يلتحقan interview for .. أجل من مقابلة an interview with someone مع مقابلة

شخص42


make for = head for إلي يتجه make up for = compensate يعوضat the present time الحالي الوقت في make out يفهم أو يسمع أو يري

بصعوبة شيءdeal with ( موضوع / ( يتناول مع يتعامل get on with علي يكون أو مع ينسجم

جيدة عالقةfluent in في يطل ق graduate fromكليه / in

مؤهلفى \ من يتخرج

in honour of لـ - تشريفا لـ تكريما have experience with computers خبرة لديةفى

arrive on time for appointment فى يصل It doesn't matter to me اليعنينى هذاdo a course in ( الكمبيوتر ( فى دورة يأخذ have a contact with اتصال على

بـ مباشرaccount for يفسر –يعلل enquire about عن يستفسرfire guns at على النار يطلق v to be + stung by بواسطة يلدغcry out يصيح – يصرخ escape from = break out of من يهربpay for لـ - على يدفع يحاسب throw (it) away ( مفعول (بدون يرميها get rid of من يتخلص throw (it) into (the sea) في يرميها

( البحر(correspondent for ل ـمراسل hide in a cave كهف في يختبيءwin a prize for (literature) فى بجائزة يفوز be on someone's side جانب الي يقف

شخصdo business with مع تجاري بعمل يقوم hear about (of) / from يتلقى \ عن يسمع

من خبرgo into town المدينة الي يذهب tell the truth about عن الحقيقة يقولtake over - علي يستولي مسؤولية turn down يتولى يقلب – – ينقلب يرفضa correspondent for ( صحيفة ( لـ مراسل cave in / blind to reality عن\ يعمى ينهار

الحقيقةthink about (the problem) في يفكر disgusted by من يشمئزgive up عن / / يتخلى عن يقلع يستسلم compensate for عن يعوضby force بالقوة sentence someone to علي يحكم

بـ شخصhave the right to في الحق له at a rate of / cure …of يعالج... / بمعدل

منa relative on… side طرف .... من قريب break out of the prison السجن من يهربdo business with مع يتاجر careful with money المال على حريصintrude into (on) نفسة - يقدم يتطفل

على keep away from عن يبعدtake pride in - بـ يفخر بـ يتباهى on their way to الى الطريق فى

5- Some verbs can go with some nounsa good command ofاجادة , access to, a degree in experience with computers, driving licence

have driving licence a driving test

hold pass

experience , skill , confidence gain English, French fluent in a course in ,modular degree,repairs,buisiness do honorary degree awarded excellent امتياز على حاصل score a prize win notes of , a reservationحجز make Diving * play : a trick on go

6- A)Grammar Unit ( 16) " Revising Direct and Indirect (unit 8)األتيه العالمات كاألتى مع الفعل نضع

then , at that moment / at that time was, were + v + ing … before, the previous ,earlier, yet , already, since, for

had + pp

the following day , the next day , in the future would + مصدر / was ,were + going to مصدر / was, were + v + ing

just now / a moment ago / a short time ago األتيه العالمات مع مضارع فعل نختار

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/says /say / tell/ tells / ask / asks /want to know / wants to know / wonders

لو حتى الثابته الحقائق مع مضارع فعل ونختارماضى القول فعل كان

asked, wondered, inquired , wanted to know If , whether , ( رابط ( استفهام فعل + فاعل + أداهالزمن( ) حسب

B) Grammar unit ( 17 ) " Verbs + مفعول + to + " مصدر المعلوم ويأتى -to 1 أو مصدر not to) : فى مفعول بعدهم يأتى األفعال تللك

مصدر ( بعدهمadviseينصح askيطلب encourageيشجع expectيتوقع forceيجبر allow يسمح

helpيساعد instruct يرشد – يعلمinviteيدعو orderيأمر learnيتعلم urge يحث

teach يعلم tellيخبر wantيريد warnيحذر persuadeيقنع permit يسمح

Ex What do you expect me to do ? Ali's father advised his son to work harder. My sister encourages me to plan for my future. The bad weather forced people to stay at home. Ex He was asked to answer the questions. : 2- األفعال تلك بعد المفعول حذف يمكن

المجهول حالة فى(allow, advise, permit ,recommend, encourage +v+ing ) : (ing 3- تلك بعد مفعول بدون

يأتى ) األفعالEx- They don't allow parking here. He advised buying this car .

1-The Vocabulary of Unit ( 18 ) : Lifelong Learning lifelong (learning) الحياة / مدي مستمر

متواصلa similar (job)\ similarity متشابة \

تشابهةcollege / colleagues عمل \ أصدقاء كلية information technology تكنولوجيا

المعلوماتenrol on (in) = join يسجل / بـ يلتحق

في اسمة time difference التوقيت فرق

enrolment ادراج / تسجيل stimulate/ stimulation ينشط - \ يحفزتحفيز

reward / rewarding عائد – \ مكافئة يكافئبالنفع

formal # informal غير # رسمىرسمى

rewordreword جملة \ ( – كتابة يعيد صياغه يعيدمثال) department / increase يزيد \ - قسم

زيادةthe open university المفتوحة الجامعة provide (opportunity)for يتيح- يوفر

لـ فرصةemployee/employer \ صاحب – موظف عامل

العمل unemployed عاطلemployable (remain) قابل – توظيفة يمكن

للتوظيف provider خدمه / / / ممون متعهد مزود

idealism / idealist الشخص \ المثاليةالمثالي refuse (n) \ (v) فضالت – \ قمامة

يرفض ideal for / idealistic مثالي \ لـ أفضل a worthwhile experience قيمة خبرةworthwhile / / ما يستحق مفيدة باالهتمام جدير

فيه يبذل mature(student) عن ( يزيد ناضج 25طالبسنة)

promote / promotion ترقية \ يرقي finance department الماليات قسمget promoted (promotion) يحصل \ يترقي

على salute (the flag) تحية ( يحييالعلم) عسكرية

qualifications مؤهالت national anthem الوطنى النشيدhighly qualified staff staff درجة علي مؤهلين

عالية thanks to / challenge تحدى \ بفضلstudious مجد –مجتهد good-looking المظهر حسن

Review F contact يتصل local time المحلى القت

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take exam يمتحن enthusiastic متحمسinclude يتضمن – يشمل v to be + awarded منحopen university المفتوحة الجامعة applicant لوظيفة متقدمpersuade يقنع sculpture منحوت تمثالmature بالغ - ناضج time difference الوقت اختالفideal مثالى colleague العمل زميل

والدراسه2- Some important sentences

Unit (18)1. For me, a park with trees is the ideal place for a picnic.2. I've always wanted to paint ,that's why I've enrolled on an art course.3. Most southern European countries have a similar climate: hot in summer and cold in winter.4. My cousin used to be a soldier, but now he's retraining to be a teacher.5. Most of the people in my university group are in their twenties, but there are also three mature students.6. My sister wants to be a teacher. She believes teaching is a rewarding career.7. Doing things for other people can be a very worthwhile experience.8. The largest company in our town has 600 employees.9.I hope the new skills I am learning at college will make me more enjoyable.10.My father is a qualified engineer.11.My uncle is a teacher in the languages department at our local school.12.She has worked very hard this year, so she is hoping for a promotion at work next year.13.Everyone likes working for Mr. Hamdi. They say he is a very kind employer.14.Universities provide the country with highly qualified young people.

Review (F) 1.My cousin is very sociable .She loves meeting and talking to new people.2.People understand what I am saying when I speak Spanish, but I am not fluent 3.The girl tried to persuade me to lend her my phone, but I refused.4.One of the supermarkets in our town has 25 employees 5.The school provides every student with books, so you don't have to buy any yourself.6.My friend's parents have invited me to go on holiday with them.7.Aisha's parents asked her if she had finished her homework.8.Ali's doctor advised him to stay at home if he was feeling ill. 9.They have to at school by eight o'clock everyday. School starts at 8. 10.The secondary school in our town employs more than a hundred teachers.11.I hope my company will promote me when I finish this computer course.12.In many countries, the government is the main provider of school education.13.I believe I have the best qualifications for the job.14.A company in my town closed last week, leaving 50 people unemployed.

3- Language Notes:reward (v/n) reward (v/n) / يكافأ / يكافأ مكافأةمكافأةaward award – جائزة جائزة جائزة – يمنح جائزة يمنحreword (v) reword (v) صياغة صياغة يعيد يعيد( )جملة( جملة(

refuse (v) refuse (v) يرفضيرفض refuse (n) = garbage refuse (n) = garbage = rubbish =trash = rubbish =trash / قمامة / قمامةنفايةنفاية

get promotion= = get promoted get promoted=v to be+ promoted

ـتـرـقـيـة – ـعـلـى ـيـحـصـل ـيـتـرـقـى

produce (v) produce (v) ينتجينتج \ \ produce (n) produce (n) / منتجات زراعية / محاصيل منتجات زراعية محاصيل( التجمع ( )زراعية التجمع ( زراعية

object to+object to+اسماسم /v + ing (v) /v + ing (v) شيء / شيء / object (n ) \ object (n ) \ يعترضيعترضهدفهدف·· object (n ) object (n ) / هدف هدف / شيء شيء

desert (n) desert (n) صحرصحرdesert (v ) = abandon desert (v ) = abandon يهجريهجر

rest (v/n) rest (v/n) / يستريح يستريح / راحة راحة (the) rest of (n ) (the) rest of (n ) البقيةالبقية

busy with + busy with + اسماسم مشغولمشغولbusy + v +ingbusy + v +ing جر حرف جر بدون حرف بدون

provide provide شيئشيئ for for لـ شيء لـ يوفر شيء يوفرprovide provide شخصشخصwithwith يزود أو يزود يمد أو يمد

- highly qualified staff / highly skilled jobsstaff / highly skilled jobs الحظالحظ 4-P repositions

enrol on (in) في / اسمة يسجل بـ يلتحق ideal for لـ – نموزجى مثالى45


apply for لوظيفة يتقدم work for لصالح يعملmake up mind يفكر – - عقلة يستعمل يقرر keep down يظل different from عن مختلف participate in فى – يشارك فى يساهمdo a course in فى دراسية دورة يعمل object to على يعترضprovide courses for لـ دورات يوفر thanks to بفضلcommunicate with بـ يتصل on the internet االنترنت علىhave the chance to .. لكي الفرصة لديه organize into groups في ينظم

مجموعاتpresent (him)with an award جائزة له يقدم go back to education للتعليم يعودby distance learning بعد عن التعلم طريق عن a higher degree أعلي جامعية درجةin two years' time عامين خالل في at any age سن أي فيout of interest ( بالشيء ( االهتمام باب من be on a course دراسي بمقرر ملتحقlook around (for) عن يبحث progress through life خالل يتقدم

الحياةtake up opportunities الفرص من يستفيد agree with suggestions مع يتفق

المقترحاتapprove of يستحسن \ علي يوافق get to = reach = arrive inكبير / at

صغير يصلالي

at intervals فترات علي for this reason السبب ولهذاleave out/leave(home) for الى\ يغادر يستبعد grow up يربىv to be + tested on في يختبر satisfied with عن راضkeep up with يواكب - يساير look round يتمشى - يتجولtake up هواية - – يمارس يتعلم يشغل share withشخص in

شيئ\ شخص مع يشارك

شيئ فىgraduate withومعة الشهادة يتخرج It's ideal for me اتمناة الذى حلمى انة

5-Some verbs can go with some nounscourse in, post graduate studies, job , work do money , living earn exam * take : a test , an exam pass promotion, promoted get experience * Find : it difficult to do… gain up his mindيقرر make

6-Grammar unit ( 18 ) " Modal Verbs الناقصة " " " األفعالالقدرة " -1 " أفعال

Presentالمضارع Past الماضى Its uses األستخدامcan مصدر\can’t مصدر manage to مصدر = succeed in + v+ing am, is, are + (not) able to مصدرhave / has + the ability to مصدرam ,is are + capable of + ing مصدر to مفعولeable(s) الشيئ

could مصدر \ couldn’t مصدر managed to مصدر = succeeded in+ v+ ingwas,were+(not) able to مصدرhad + the ability to مصدرwas,were+capable of+v ing to(مفعول ) eabled الشيئ مصدر

It is (was) (not) possible\ allowedIt’s(not)possibleIt’s (was) possible but we don’t (didn’t)do it.

· In some countries, you can drive at the age of 17.(It is permitted by the law مسموح)· In some cities, people can't use their cars every day. (It is against the law. القانون (ضد· I couldn't ride a bicycle until the age of nine.

والضرورة " -2 والتحذير اإللزام " Presentالمضارع Pastالماضى Its uses األستخدام

must اثبات مصدر have (has)to =need to = have got to مصدر don't(doesn't) have to النفى مصدر needn't= مصدر don’t\doesn't need to مصدر

والتحريم ) ( التحذير

had to مصدر اثباتhad to مصدر needn’t have +p.p النفىdidn’t have( need) to مصدر

It is (was) necessary for..to مصدرIt is (was) not necessary for..to مصدرIt’s not allowed(bannedforbidden(illegal ) to

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mustn’t مصدر = can't مصدر اثبات ) وال ماضي لها ( ليس· When you are on holiday, you don't need to go to bed early.· You needn’t (don’t have to\ don’t need to) come with us . We will go alone .· We needn’t have bought (didn’t have to buy) much food. We have a lot . · You mustn’t park here. It is forbidden. 3- " دليل على القائم واألستنتاج "األحتمال

Presentالمضارع Pastالماضى Its uses األستخدامmay االحتمال ( مصدر ( might/could مصدر

may have + p.p.might (could)have + p.p.

It’s(was) probably likely \not sure

must be ( على القائم االستنتاج( دليلcan’t be

must have + PP can’t have + pp

It’s (was) almost sureIt’s (was) almost sure

· I don't know where my bag is, I might have left it on the train.· The streets are wet. It must have rained last night.· He passed his driving test; this must have made him very happy.

: ملحوظه· ) could have + p.p(نستخدم ان وكذلك الماضي في االحتمال عن للتعبيرنستخدم . و يحدث لم ولكنه يحدث أن ممكن كان عن . couldn't have + p( الشيء للتعبير

الماضي في الشيء حدوث استحالة· He could have taken my car, but he preferred to go by bus. ( but كلمه مع تأتى ( دائما· Ali was abroad, he couldn't have killed the man.· He couldn't have written the letter, he is illiterate.

فقط ( -4 مضارع )النصيحةshould مصدر = ought to مصدر = had better مصدر = If I were you, I would مصدر = V to be to + .مصدر It’s desirable to =.مصدر It’s advisable to =مصدر It’s a good idea to =مصدر· You shouldn't look at the sun. It's very dangerous.· You had better not look at the sun. It's very dangerous.· The President is to visit Italy next month.

المعنى -5 فى وبالعكس فقط الماضى فى اللوم Should ( ought to)have + P.P. = but he didn't : * الماضى فى شيئ فعل عدم على للوم= It was wrong of ..not to = I blame….for not + v+ ing Shouldn’t (ought not to) have + P.P : * وكان عمله الماضى فى شيئ فعل على للوم It was wrong of …to …. = I blame….for +v ing = خطأ· You should have done your homework yesterday.· You shouldn't have parked your car here. It's a 'No Parking' area

4- Some Questions help you to answer the passages والسادس الخامس السؤال1- Put a suitable title for the passage. . للقطعة مناسب عنوان ضع

2 -What is the main idea of the passage ? فى الرئيسية الفكرة ماهىالقطعة؟

3 -Find in the passage words which mean a)……b.………( القطعة من كلمات استخرجتعنى....

4 -What does the pronoun.......refer to ? ...... ؟ الضمير الية يشير ماالذى5-What does the underlined / black typed word ...mean ? خط أسفلها الكلمة تعننى ماذا

؟7-Summarize the main idea in the passage فى الرئيسية الفكة لخص

القطعة 8-Show…(Indicate…) Explain .. / Discuss the reasons.…… اشرح- السبب –وضح ناقش

9-Write down = Summarize …with words on your own. -....من بكلمات لخص أكتبعندك

10-Explain why/ What do you think ( is your opinion)of..? ...... ؟ / فى مارأيك لماذا فسر11- Do you agree \ oppose \ think …….? ( )( ) تعترض موافق تعتقد هل

؟47


12- Mention in detail ……../ in brief…………. /..... بالتفصيل أذكربأختصار......

13- From your point of view….. / from your opinion…… ) فى نظرك وجهة منرأيك)........

14- From the point of view of the writer(author=narrator) الكاتب نظر وجهة من..( المؤلف(

5- The Reader " The Mask Of Mask "Chapter(1) Leila was an Egyptian archaeologist. She was going to Peru to join Dr Hafez'steam on the excavation there as a part of the UNESCO exchange program in archaeology. She was taking with her a small laser dating-machine which is used to date old things like wood or cloth and some details of a new technique developed by the department of archaeology in Cairo .Her sister, Samira, drove her to the airport. She was a reporter on one of the Cairo newspapers. She was funny but Leila was worried. Leila told Samira that, in ancient times, the Incas in Peru had a great empire although they didn't have any writing. They conquered the Chimu who were famous for their gold and Silver work. Leila promised to send e-mails to tell her every thing Chapter(2) Leila flew to New York and then changed planes to Lima, the capital of Peru. On the

plane, she met Martin Lander. He said he was a mining engineer. He had an American passport although he had been horn in South Africa. She told him that she was an archaeologist working on a UNESCO exchange programme in archaeology. .She decided to take up archaeology as she used to listen to Dr Hafez, a friend of her family, talking about his excavations. She studied at the Italian Institute of Archaeology in Rome as she didn't want people think that Dr Hafez gave her special treatment . She also told him that she had worked with Dr Hafez in The Valley of Nobles in Luxor in Egypt. Lander tried to read the papers she was taking to Dr Hafez but she didn't give him the chance. She began to suspect him. Dr Hafez was waiting her at Lima airport. When she introduced Lander to Dr Hafez, he said they had met before but Lander denied. Chapter (3) Dr Hafez and Leila took the plane from Lima to Cusco. He told her that they were digging a site near Cusco. He spoke about the similarities and differences between the Incas and the Ancient Egyptians in the ways they buried their dead. They both mummified their kings. They put gold and silver objects and food and drinks in their tombs- The Incas did things that the Ancient Egyptians never did. Every year ,they held important festivals, they put their mummified kings on litters, dressed them in fine clothes and look them through the streets. They killed women and servants and buried them with the kings to help them in the next world . They also sacrificed children to please the gods .Dr Hafez told Leila that Lander got involved with some people in taking Inca treasures out of the country. He had to leave his job with the United Mining. Dr Hafez chose Leila to be his assistant and to be in charge of one team with three local archaeologists. Amelia a local archaeologist, received them at Cusco airport. She seemed to be unfriendly to Leila. She droved them to the camp. Chapter(4) When they reached the camp, Leila was dead tired because of the jet-lag and high altitude. Dr Hafez went to Quenco to meet the UNESCO representative. The UNESCO would support the excavation till the end of the year but they would stop their support the next year if something important wasn't found. Amelia showed Leila the site. She said that Leila was in Peru because Dr Hafez was her family's friend. Leila replied that she was experienced and she and Dr Hafez worked together before in the tomb of Sennofer in the Valley of Nobles in Egypt. Amelia told Leila that the Chimu sometimes built their tombs in the hillsides. The Incas conquered the Chimu but they allowed their kings to rule and sent their sons to Cusco to make sure that they were loyal. They met Pablo who worked for the Peruvian Ministry of Culture. He made a note of everything they found. He gave Leila a brief account of the Inca civilization. Ramon, one of the workers, was the first to go into the tomb through the hole in the wall because he was small. He found some human bones. Chapter( 5 ) Leila complained about Amelia's unfriendly treatment. Dr Hafez advised her to make friends with her .Dr Hafez had problems with his lap-top computer. He would go to Quenco to have it fixed. Leila wandered in the old part of Quenco- Feeling tired, she went to a cafe to rest and to have a drink. She

48


saw Amelia sitting with Martin Lander. She brought Dr Hafez to the cafe but they had gone. Dr Hafez asked her not to be so suspicious. When Leila returned to the camp, she used the internet and called up the United Mining Website. She found out that their operations in Peru had ended in 1999. so she discovered that Lander was a liar. Chapter ( 6 ) Dr Hafez, Leila, Amelia and Ramon went into the tomb. They found a skeleton of a man in a sitting position and there was a crack in the skull. Dr Hafez thought the man might have been killed but Leila believed that the skull might have been broken by falling rocks. Dr Hafez used the laser machine to date the pieces of cloth they found in the tomb. It was around 1400 which was the middle of the Inca period .Leila discovered a gold figure of a llama. Leila sent an e-mail to Samira to tell her about what had happened, They all went to the restaurant but Leila preferred to stay at the site. Then she walked over to the tomb. She found the door slightly open and a light coming from inside the tomb. Chapter ( 7 )

She went down the tomb and found Martin Lander. Leila told him that he was a thief but he said that he was a collector who appreciated fine things. He climbed the Ladder, pulled it up behind him and closed the wooden door. He trapped her inside the tomb. Leila spent a horrible night in the darkness and had a horrible dream in which she was attacked by the soldiers' swords . The next morning, Dr Hafez found her and helped her get out of the tomb. Dr Hafez called the police. They called the Immigration Department at the airport. They thought he would have a false name and a false passport, so it wasn't easy to arrest him. Leila discovered the gold Mask and Pablo put it in the safe. The next morning it was stolen. Chapter ( 8) The police examined the safe and found that it was opened with a key. They took everyone's fingerprints and searched everyone's things. The police arrested Leila and put her into a cell because they found a gold rabbit among her work clothes. She was set free when Amalia went to police station and confessed that she had put the gold rabbit among Leila's clothes. She asked Leila to forgive her. Amalia told Leila that Lander worked with her father when he was a mining engineer. He persuaded her father to put up some money for a silver mine. There was no mine. He caused her father to lose his money and become poor. Amalia and Leila were going to Acomayo to search for Lander there. There was another excavation taking place there Chapter ( 9 ) The road was dangerous. Amalia made an accident. She broke her leg. Leila had pains in her legs and arms and there was a cut in her face, Leila got Amalia out of the car, covered her with a blanket and made her a splint. She went to the nearest village to get help. A man and two women went with her and carried Amalia to their house. They gave her a hot drink and some leaves to chew. The next morning she brought a doctor who recommended taking Amalia to hospital in Cusco by helicopter. Dr Hafez. was suspicious of Pablo. In order to make him confess, Dr Hafez told him falsely that the police had caught Lander. Pablo confessed that he had helped Lander to steal the sold mask because he needed money to pay for the expensive medicines for his sick child. Chapter (10) Pablo would meet Lander that night. They decided to follow Pablo and catch Lander. After meeting Pablo , Lander drove a small truck to the far side of the airport. Dr Hafez, Roman and Leila followed him. Lander got out of the truck to open the gate. Leila got into it and drove at Lander who got into a small-engine plane. Leila drove hard at the plane and knocked it into its side. Lander was knocked out. Dr Hafez called the police. After two day, the police found the gold mask and all the stolen things, Leila and Dr Hafez went to the village people to thank them for helping Amalia. On the way hack, Leila showed Dr Hafez. a new Inca site. A team of archaeologists was sent to the village and they assured it was so. Dr Hafez. recommended Amalia to lead the team working on the new site. Leila came hack to Egypt. At the airport, she was surrounded by photographers. The newspaper headlines were full of the story of the Egyptian archaeologist who made great discoveries in the land of the Incas, caught a thief and found a new Inca site.

6- Writing A) The Paragraph

49


A " The positive topic " " األجابى الموضوع In fact….العنوان …. is ( are ) considered a topic of great importance that’s why we should give attention to it . We all agree that…….العنوان ….. Play(s) a lively role in our life because سبب عنوان الموضوع As a result of this, we can say that.. األهمية has (have) positive effects on us and it is clear that it may lead us to a better life. Hence, it is necessary for us to do our best to benefit from it by all possible means and this can be done by several ways like… طريقة and…… To shed more light on that , I can say that we should double our efforts to. …… االستفادةachieve what we want .Briefly, we can say that if we follow these suggestions, we can enjoy our life . At last, not at least, we can say that عنوان need(s) a great interest from us.

B) The Negative topic " السلبى " الموضوع It is a given fact that العنوان is (are) considered one of the most serious problems that we face in our life. It is clear that ,there are many causes that lead to this problem like المشكلة This… أسبابproblem has negative and serious effects on us because المشكلة Therefore, we………… تأثيرshould do our best to solve and avoid this problem by all possible means . From my point of view, this problem can be solved easily. This can be done by several ways such as co-operation, spreading national awareness among citizens and hard work. Briefly, if we follow these suggested solutions, this problem will be solved sooner or later and we will be able to lead a happy life free from problems.

C ) The advantages and disadvantages topic " والعيوب المزايا " موضوع It is known that ….is a mixed blessing because it has some advantages and some disadvantages . First for all, I would like to start with its advantages. One of them, it is very useful when we use it in a good way like….… It will have another advantage if it is used in… On the other hand, it will have some disadvantages if it is used in a wrong way for example, some people use it in a wrong way such as …...and………. This will surely have a bad effect on us .Therefore, It is advisable to do our best to avoid its disadvantages and we should benefit from its advantages to lead a peaceful, happy and safe life free from problems.

Another Kind of Writing the paragraphA) 1- المقدمــة n fact .العنوان is (are) considered a topic of great importance that is why we should direct our attention to it.*(Or)-No one can ignore that العنوان is (are) considered one of the most important (serious) matters which we should give due attention to.B) المقدمة بعد الموضوع First of all ,I can say that - جمل plays a lively role in.األجابى(a)(عنوانour life because …)أو (b)السلبي …...has a bad and serious effect on us because………) . C) االستنتاج …As a result of this , we can mention that- جمل الموضوع lead (leads) us to…عنوانgood (bad) effects on us and make ( makes ) us lead a happy ( bad ) life .D) الرأي From my point of view we can say that we should do our best to benefit from (avoid)- حملit by all possible means and this can be done by several ways such as …..E) اإلضافة To shed more light on that I can say that we should double our efforts to….-In - - جملaddition to this we can say that……. \ Moreover,… \ on the other hand……….F) الختامية قبل Briefly, and as it was mentioned before ,we can say that if we follow these - جملsuggestions (solutions – opinions ) ,we can (enjoy our life) ( live in progress and prosperity) ( solve this problem and we can lead a happy life . )G) الخاتمة - At last not at least we can say that العنوان (needs) a great interest from us

B) The Letter Writingالعادى " The letter - 1 " والرد الخطاب

Dear إليه المرسل ,اسمةالمقدم - It gives me a great pleasure to write this letter to you. عادي ( (خطاب

- You can’t imagine my happiness (sorrow) when I got your letter. ( رد (خطاب .…I send this message to tell you that \( المصدر to ) I send this letter - الغرضاألتيه الضمائر تحويل مع الجملة باقي ونكتب مصدر الفعل ليصبح تحذف ing التي

بـ الفعل المنتهي عن ونبحث

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{ he-she him-her-them…..you )( You فاعلI ) ( you مفعولme ) ( your …..my ) (his……your ) (her .+ اسم ……..your)}( me ….you) - I’d like to inform you that…. \ thank you for…- Don’t forget to…..\ as for me I can tell you …-Accept my apology for not…\ please I ask you to…- Please mention in detail some information about……).I’m looking forward to hearing good news from you. With my best wishes - الخاتمه Yours ,

الراسل اسمC ) Writing an e- mail -

From:………. وجد اذا األلكترونى الراسل وعنوان اسمTo: ………. وجد اذا األلكترونى إلية المرسل وعنوان اسمDate: 15th,June , 2011 ( .( التاريخ Subject :.. باختصار الرسالة من (invitation-congratulation-complaint apology- request) الغرضDear إلية المرسل , اسم How are you ? I want to tell you that ……….………………………..………..……..

الرسالة ….………..………………………………............................................................موضوع Best wishes

الراسل , اسم

Events of 25 th of January revolution of youth الشباب ثورة popular organizations منظمات

شعبية white revolution الب ضاء يالثوره defend against ضد يدافعfacebook youth الفيسبوك ش باب bulliers = thugs البلطجية not support political party حزبل والينحاز

سياسى fugitives from prison من الهاربون

السجونclaim legitimate rights بحقوق المطالبة

مشروعةthe absence of a security أمنى غياب

hold peaceful demonstration ب مظاهرةيقومسلمية

committee of من لجنة

a protest against ضداحتجاج constitutional legitimacy شرعيةدستورية

a march مسيرة item of (law - constitution) القانون ( – من بنددستور)

call for من ينادىأجل

all the forces of the people قوى جميعالشعب

a sit اعتصام injustice and tyranny الظلمواألستبداد

sitters المعتصمون make demands مطالب يحققcall for freedom أجل من ينادى

الحريةwithout any damage to اضرارأى دون

بـTahrir square ميدان

التحريرpublic property الممتلكات

العامةthe symbol of freedom الحرية رمز the right to determine the fate فى الحق

مصير تحديدrevolution against corruption ضد ثورة

الفساد witness a major change تغيير تشهد

كبيرpower change تغيير

السلطةrevolution hasn't been seen تشهد لم ثورة

قبل منthe departure of president رحيل

الرئيسunique civilized revolution فريدة ثورة

ومتحضرةthe muslim brotherhood األخوان

المسلمين prove to all the world that للعالم تثبت

أن كلة

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Some Vocabulary for Translation By SM : Nassif


violent clashes مصادماتعنيفه

time of distress and crisis الشدة وقتواألزمة

warned curfew تجول حذر forget their differences ينسىخالفاتهم

supporters / opponents المؤيدون \المعارضين

personal interests المصالحالشخصية

foreign agents أجانب عمالء the voice of reason العقل صوتdemands / claims مطالب resort to الى نلجأriots الشغب the language of dialogue الحوار لغةdestruction of infrastructure البنية تدمير

التحتيةnot allow foreign interference بتدخل النسمح

أجنبى government property الممتلكات

الحكوميةrespect all the views of أراء نحترم كل

security measures اجراءات \ تدابيرأمنية

all opinions expressed األراء كلالمطروحة

citizenship المواطنه radical and immediate solution جزرى حلوفورى

gain confidence ثقة يكسب the negotiating table مائدةالمفاوضات

foreign intervention اجنبى constitutional amendments تدخل تعديالتدستورية

form a new government جديدة حكومة يشكل violate /spoil ( القانون ( حرمه \ينتهكيفسد

insure security األمن يضمن outlaws القانون عن الخارجونimpose by force يفرض

بالقوةviolators of the law المخالفون

للقانون demanding المطالبة enemies of the state الدولة أعداءstep down from authority عن يتنحى

السلطة haters and traitors الحاقدين

والخونةpolitical affiliation انتماء

سياسىpersonal gain مكاسب

شخصيةtreason = betraying home خيانه

الوطن closer to power الحكم األقتراب الى

immediate investigation التحقيقالفورى

and promises of reform باألصالح وعود

cause serious damage to فادح ضرر enjoy the freedom لـ يسبب بالحرية ننعمtrial the involvers المتورطيين محاكمه our duty and our responsibility واجبنا

ومسؤوليتناlurking المندسين be patient and wait وننتظر نصبرwith personal interests المصالح ذو

الشخصية remove the adverse effects األثار ازالة

الضارةbeneficiaries المستفدين unite together معا نتحدrestore calm and security الهدوء اعادة

واألمن face the challanges مواجهة

التحدياتthe security and safety of وسالمة compensate for losses امن نعوض

الخسائرwork together معا نتكاتف constructive solutions بناءة حلولhuge economic losses اقتصادية خسائر

هائلة respond to the call لنداء يستجيب

appeal to all parties and sects احزاب كل نناشدوطوائف

the opportunity to negotiate فرصةللتفاوض

the tyrannical regime النظامالمستبد

settlement and discipline األستقراروالنظام

realize the extent of the losses مدى ندركالخسائر

in order to prevail calm يسود \ يعم لكىالهدوء

uncountable losses خسائر internal /external issues الداخلية \ القضايا

52


لها الحسر الخارجيةresulted from chaos عنالناتجة \ الناجمة

الفوضى looting (traitors) وسلب نهب

( الخونة( wage campaign against حملة ضد نشن violence acts against العنف اعمالwasting public money العام المال اهدار sabotage and destruction of وتدمير تخريبburning government property ممتلكات احراق

عامهstick to بـ \ نلتزم

بـ نتمسكtear gas canisters للدموع مسيلة قنابل destroyers and criminals المخربين

والمجرمينfear =horror = terror رعب -

خوفthe blackmailers المبتزين

panick among citizens المواطنين بين زعر emergency law قانونالطوارئ

pursue the traitors نالحقالخونة

security precautions احتياطاتأمنية

spoilage = robbing سلب ونهب

rations and goods وتموينية غذائية سلع

massacre = blood bath مجزرة calls for help ةاستغاثsocial justice العدالة

االجتماعيةsafety and security األمان

واألمنsocial reform االجتماعي تعطيل bank disruption اإلصالح

البنوكa radical change جذري انتقال authority transition تغيير

السلطةstock exchange = bourse self determination البورصة تقرير

المصيرbequeathal =inheritance التوريث praise بـ يشيدtrouble makers مثيرى

الشغبresignation استقالة

inhuman practices ال ممارساتإنسانية

retirement التنحى

Terrorist acts Egypt was exposed to مصر تعرضت the terrorist incident األرهابى الحادثinterior Ministry الداخلية وزارة civil war االهلية الحربforeign elements أجنبية عناصر

sparked angry protests احتجاجات أثارتغاضبة.

bombings of Alexandria تفجيراتاالسكندرية

break out تندلع

sectarian strife = sedition Taikip الفتنةالطائقية

our dear country Egypt الغالي وطننامصر

all sects of society طوائف كلالمجتمع

work for its prosperity أجل من العملازدهاره

Muslims and Christians المسلمينوالمسيحيين

We all are united متحدون كلنا

religious officials المسؤولين الدينيين

condemned strongly بشدة ادان

expressed their full outrage غضبهم أعرب عن الكامل

a Coptic church قبطية كنيسة

should be united توحيديجب aimed to destabilize the unity الوحدة زعزعةpeaceful demonstrations مظاهرا( المسيرات

السلمية) ت exploded / a car bomb سيارة \انفجرت ملغومة

an expression of عن تعبيرا ssinful and cowardly جبان و اثمresentment and condemnation اإلستياء

واإلستنكارthe security of the homeland الوطن أمن

Muslims and Copts مسلمينوأقباط

in an attempt to لـــ محاولة في

53


call for peace and cooperation للسالم يدعووالتعاون

a peace-loving country للسالم محب بلد

one tissue ( weaving) واحد نسيج against violence terrorism العنف ضدواألرهاب

differentiate amongour national security

بين يفرق أمننا

القومى

threaten the security of citizensdisastrous consequences

أمن يهددالمواطنين

وخيمة عواقبstand as a one man واحد كرجل ننقف to face an terrorist act عمل أى لمواجدهة

ارهابىattempt to drive a wedge between محاولة

بين للوقيعةaccused foreign hands أجنبية أياد اتهم

all heavenly religions السماوية األديان كل the deadly attack on القاتل الهجومعلى

hold a demonstration against بمظاهرة يقومضد

settlement /stability أستقرار / تسويه

reject يرفض – ينبذ extremism التطرفunrest القلق security measures أمنية اجراءات

terrorist acts ارهابية أعمال secure يؤمنworship house العباده دار mosques \ churches الكنائس \ المساجدdamage يتلف cause losses خسائر يسبب

A shark attack Sharm el-Sheikh Prominent Scientistsgranted the necklace of the Nile قالدة منح

النيلin three separate attacks هجمات ثالث

منفصلةcurative services خدماته

عالجية shark attack القرش لسمك هجوم

free of charge مجانية the Red Sea resort األحمر البحر منتجعwe are grateful to لـ شاكرين نحن

while snorkelling أثناءالغطس

a cure for cancer عالجللسرطان

expressed his extreme sadness حزنه عن عبرالشديد

to take into account بعين يأخذاالعتبار

resort to الى يلجأ

tense of responsibility الشعور بالمسئولية

foreign experts الخبراءاألجانب

sense of loyalty بالوالء put an end to الشعور حد لوضعلـ

sense of belonging باالنتماء شعور protect its beaches شواطئ لحمايةhonour تكريم \ تكرم endanger للخطر يعرضprominent scientists بارزين علماء secure against يؤمن

Elections of People's Assembly

parliament elections االنتخاباتالبرلمانية

make his own decision قرار بنفسهة يتخذ

people's Assembly الشعب مجلسdemocratic experience التجربة

الديمقراطيةstrong competition قوية منافسة trust to represent به تمثيلل يثقThe recent elections have األخيرة نتخاباتاأل supervision of judiciary. القضاء إشرافcandidates of parties األحزاب مرشحين the public interest العامة المصلحةthe independents المستقلي

نhave / has the right to أن الحق له

representation for women المرأة بتمثيل vote بصوته يدلىelections was marked األنتخابات تميزت

peaceful nuclear program نووي برنامجسلمي

v to be + deprived of من محرومة تكون support يدعم \ يؤيدa vice-president نائب

الرئيسthe appointment of تعيين

54


forging the elections االنتخابات طعون contestations تزويرfair (honest) elections نزيهة انتخابات await بـ يتربصwitnessed (experienced)fraud شهدت

تزويرinvalid elections باطلة انتخابات

the National Party الوطنى ال حزب opponents المعارضون An Egyptian Spy

managed to arrest القبض تمكنت القاء على

Egyptian security forces االمن اجهزةالمصرية

Egyptian spy الجاسوسالمصرى

a network of spy تجسس شبكة

leaked some secrets to Israel. بعض سرباألسرار

Egyptian intelligence المخابراتالمصرية

formal request رسمى طلب betray his home الوطن يخونsentenced to death باألعدام الحكم to be an example عبرة ليكون

Tunisia and The Sudandeclared a state of emergency حالة أعلنت

الطوارئSouthern Sudanese السودان جنوب

security forces االمن قوات breaking away االنفصالfire at النار يي النار طلق طلق

علىعلىstaying united متحدين البقاء

rioting-hit country اعمال ضربتها التيالشغب

a historic referendum on تاريخي استفتاءحول

violent clashes اشتباكاتعنيفة

independence االستقالل

rising food prices المواد أسعار ارتفاعالغذائية

votevote بصوتة يدلى

refuses to comply االمتثال يرفض announced أعلنThe Arab League الدول جامعة

العربيةthe hardships and challenges المصاعب

والتحدياتpolitical forces السياسية القوى peace will inevitably prevail السالم يعم سوف

حتماswept from power أطاحت comprehensive Arab development عربية تنمية

شاملةwidespread protests احتجاجات

النطاق واسعةForeign Minister الخارجية وزير

the interim president المؤقت الرئيس economic summit conference القمة مؤتمراالقتصادى

the prime minister الوزراء رئيس high-level Arab gathering رفيع عربي تجمعالمستوى

under the constitution الدستور بموجب an unprecedented level غير مستوىمسبوق

rationalize يرشـد combine = bring together = unite يوحد -يتحد

economic recovery انتعاش اقتصادي

v to be united يتحد

the toppled Tunisian president الرئيسالمخلوع

opposition parties المعارضة أحزاب

Suicide Bombing

commit the act of suicide جريمة ارتكاباألنتحار self-sacrifice بالنفس التضحية

set fire to himself في النار يشعلنفسه a popular uprising االنتفاضة

الشعبيةa series of من سلسلة Islam bans suicide حرمياإلسالم

االنتحارprompted protests احتجاجات نفسه torched himself اثار حرق

55


Protest against ضد يحتج attempted burnings إشعال محاولةالنار

financial crisis مالية أزمة inflation التضخمlabour force هالعاملالقوة demands مطالبsurrender = give in يستسلم personal purposes أغراض

شخصية maximum أقصي حد prejudice الظلمminimum أدني حد unfair عادل غيرsuicide bombing التفجير

اإلنتحاريpromotion of exports تنمية

الصادراتThe Nile Crisis

Nile Basin countries النيل حوض دول emergency meeting طارئ جا تماعEgypt's share مصر نصيب improve our relationship with تحسن أن

مع عالقاتهاupstream countries المنبع دول constructive political dialogue السياسي حوار

البناءdownstream countries المصب دول seal with this seriously هذا مع نتعامل

بجديةEgypt's quota of Nile water لمياة مصر حصة

النيلa matter of life or death موت أو حياة مسألة

lifeblood = artery of life الحياة شريان the main source of الرئيسى المصدرDifferent events

mastery of foreign languages اللغات اجادةاألجنبية a resolution / decree )قرار حكومى(

a critical situation حرج موقف facilitate تسهلfoil these attempts تلك احباط

المحاوالتlegitimate channels القنوات

المشروعةconcessions تنازل democratic thought تفكير

ديمقراطىavoid the ghost of wars شبح تجنب

الحروبfreedom of opinion الرأى حريه

regional ups and downs اقليمة حركة the movement of تغيراتfirm laws حازمة قوانين land and sea transport البرى

والبحرىstrict – lessen = limit - تقلل تحد developing countries النامية الدولcredit freeze رصيد تجميد decisive steps خطوات

حاسمةprivate Associations الجمعيات

األهليةfirm action إجراءات

حازمةNGOs الغير الجمعيات

حكوميةthe nightmare of terrorism كابوس

اإلرهابpressing problems المشكالت

الملحةnational unity الوحدة

الوطنيةemergency crisis واالزمات

الطارئةundermine security and stability زعزعة

اإلستقرارshyness and shame والخجل العار threaten / assisinate يغتال \ يهددthe outcome of the situation محصلة \ نتيجة

الموقفIt is your right to express أن حقك من

تعبرwage a war against ضد حرب يشن seize the golden opportunity الفرصة ينتهز

الذهبيةmobilize armed forces قوات تحشد

مسلحةwage the flame of sedition فتيل يشعل

الفتننةin anticipation of لـ تحسبا the sincerity and loyalty األخالص

والوالءany possible circumstances ظروف أى

محتملةdignity / glory مجد \ كرامة

56


confront any attack ألى نتصدىهجوم

unpaved roads غير والطرقالممهدة

resist any attack on اى نقاومعلى اعتداء

third world countries العالم دولالثالث

spread corruption الفساد ينشر issue lawas قانون تصدرlimited / low-income الدخل المشاغبين rioters = agitator محدودىlock up يحتجز dilemma = disaster = crisis ورطة- - مأزق

مصيبةthe high cost of living تكلفة ارتفاع

المعيشةoutlaw على خارج

القانونreferendum شعبى استفتاء regime change الحكم تغيير نظام seek to impose sanctions افرض تسعى

عقوباتwe are ompelled to أن مجبرين نحن

Don't let …pile up تتراكم ... التدع reject foreign inerferance تدخل نرفضأجنبى

security cementation أمنى تعزيز hostility = enemity =agresstion داءعcombat = fight يكافح v to be + involved in فى متورطside with = stand by يقف - لـ ينحاز

بجانبfind a solution to لـ حل يجد

launch a campaign against ضد حملة يشن meet the needs of the people احتياجات يلبىالشعب

destruction = havocking تخريب self-control النفس ضبطprime minister الوزراء رئيس priorities of the new government أولويات

الحكومةfury = rage = anger غضب - هياج contribute to making decision صنع فى يساهم

القرارgovernorate محافظه military governor الحاكم

العسكرىaccusations اتهامات tanks دباباتbullets الرصاص bombs قنابلirritate people against يهيج- يثير

ضد الناسtry the corrupt يحاكم

الفاسدينdemand freedom بالحرية يطالب independence األستقاللpromising youth الواعد الشباب carry the flag of freedom راية يحمل

الحريةsound democratic الديموقراطية

السليمهthe return of rights to الحقوق عودة

الىproviding job opportunities فرص توفير

عملunemployed youth العاطل الشباب

resistance = withstand الصمود run the affairs of the country شؤون يديرالبالد

long live يعيش martyrs الشهداءbright future باهر مستقبل stability =settlement استقرار

swine (pig) flu = H1N1 الخنازير انفلوانزا African nations' cup األمم كأساألفريقية

disaster = catastrophe كارثة pioneer رائدtake measures اجراءات تتخذ marvels - wonders عجائب - معجزاتput an end to لـ نهاية نضع driving licence قيادة رخصهstand as a one man واحد كرجل نقف chase = run after يطاردsymptoms ( مرض ( أعراض great fun كبيرة متعهepidemic وباء in favour of لـ مؤيدinfection العدوى food shortage الغذاء نقصilliteracy األمية requirements متطلبات compete تتنافس ministry وزارةloyalty and belonging واألنتماء الوالء take wide steps خطوات يتخذ

واسعةmass media األعالم وسائل benefits فوائد

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unemployment البطالة glorious history مجيد تاريخinfluence تأثير – تؤثر

( معنوى( reopening افتتاح إعادة

convince = persuade يقنع support – - تأييد يساندمساندة

Egyptian economy المصرى األقتصاد private sector الخاص القطاعpossible facilities التسهيالت

الممكنةthanks to بفضل

tolerant متسامح qualifications مؤهالت embassy سفارة advanced technology متقدمة تكنولوجياreduce = cut down يقلل – يخفض renaissance النهضة launch a campaign حملة- يشن يطلق training centers تدريب مراكزexist / existing الموجودة \ يوجد vocational training المهني التدريبmanufacture - يصنع تصنيع with great speed فائقة بسرعةglorious history مجيد تاريخ modern technology التكنولوجيه

الحديثهsocial and health care صحية رعاية

واجتماعيةpotentials إمكانيات

reflect تعكس revolution ثورةrecycle استخدام إعادة

الشيء information systems المعلومات نظم

celebration احتفال communication االتصاالتproficiency كفاءة comprehensive peace شامل سالمcitizenship المواطنة establishments مؤسسات organize = host تستضيف- ينظم strong performance قوى – أداء عرضbase قاعدة - أساس public services العامة الخدماتgreatness عظمة honour/ pride يشرف – \ يكرم

فخرdeepness of civilization الحضارة عمق athletics events رياضية أحداثa sports festival رياض مهرجان intense competition قوية منافسةgain a good reputation جيدة سمعة يكسب celebrate ( with) يحتفل prove يبرهن - يثبت pleased people الناس أسعدوthe state - nation - home - - أمة الدولة

وطنpeople's need الشعب احتياجات

flourish / refresh ينتعش \ تزدهر be + in a bad need of ماسة حاجة فيإلى

Prosperty / welfare الرفاهية \ الرخاء purify air from الهواء ينقىcivilization حضارة necessity = a must ضرورةhumanity البشرية – اإلنسانية foreign trade الخارجية التجارةa peace – loving country محبة دولة

للسالمdiffer from عن يختلف

the current of reform اإلصالح تيار gap فجوةmedical field المجال

الطبيglobalization العولمة

seek to = aspire ( try) to – تصبو تسعىأجل من

dialogue الحوار

create - يسبب- يبدع يخلق reclamation استصالحreclaim the desert الصحراء يستصلح sincere efforts جهود

مخلصةProof = evidence -برهان دليل corner stone الزاوية ركنevaluate يقدر- يقيم optimism التفاؤلassassination - قتل – إعدام اغتيال pessimism التشاؤمrealize -يحقق تدرك huge responsibility ضخمة مسؤوليةthe narrow Nile Valley الضيق النيل وادي principles مبادئworld armament race التسلح سباق

العالميindividuals األفراد

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factors عوامل elect – election -انتخاب ينتخبamong اثنين ( ) نن أكثر بين deal with =treat مع يتعاملspread -ينتشر ينشر inflation of population السكاني التضخمnational awareness الوعي

القوميilliteracy األمية

ambassador السفير private sector الخاص القطاعprevail – يسود يعم improve

يحسنhousing problem مشكلة

اإلسكانfree of charge مجانا

the only solution الوحيد participate in= share in الحل في يشاركbring the prices down األسعار تخفيض contribute to + (v+ ing) في يساهمunemployment البطالة to a great extent كبير حد علىinfrastructure األساسية البنية

( التحتية( on equal footing قدم على

المساواةtask مهمة medical assistance طبية مساعدةdouble يضاعف do without /live without عن يستغنىcarry out support تنفذ - يدعم – بؤيد يساندcall for من – ينادى من يدعو

أجلdisputes خالفات- نزاعات

spare no effort وسعا يدخر ال revival إحياءpromote يدعم - يرقى a graduate of خريجpay (give ) attention to اهتمام يعطى

لـcareer مهنية حيا

enable …to مصدر يمكن revenue = income عائد / دخلenrich يخصب / يثرى means of entertainment ترفية وسيلةaspects = fields -نواحي مجاالت stick to بـ - يتمسك بـ يلتزمperform = render يؤدى fruitful مثمرoffer يقدم Profitable مربحservice خدمة defy = challenge يتحدىmass media اإلعالم وسائل unsuitable for بـ مالئم غيرconvey = transport ينقل spirit refreshing الروح تهذيبexperience الحياة – فى تجربه خبرة a bright future مشرق مستقبلv to be + aware of بـ علم على a means - means of وسائل - وسيلةpublic health = sanitation العامة الصحة prevail يعم- يسودillegal migration غير هجره

شرعيهheavenly religions السماوية األديان

generation جيل the space channels الفضائية القنواتpropaganda دعاية on a wide scale واسع نطاق علىdeepen - souls نفوس – يعمق cure \ treat \ - يعالج عالج مرض يعالج

مشكلةraise the Egyptian flag العلم يرفع

المصرىrenew يجدد

resist = withstand يقاوم out of date قديمmoral values األخالقية القيم up to date حديثprotect from /against ضد \ من يحمى strong relations عالقات

قويةdeviation االنحراف benefit from من يستفيدadvantage# disadvantage عيب # ميزة respond to لـ يستجيبself-sacrifice بالذات التضحية strengthen يقوىpublic opinion العام الرأي v be + exposed to danger يتعرض

للخطرmake us aware of على يجعلنا

وعىrefer to الى يشير

current events األحداثالجارية

relieve the burden يخفف العبء

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the only solution الوحيد الحل giant projects مشروعاتعمالقة

the standard of living مستوىالمعيشة

world environment day البيئة يومالعالمي

scientific methods العلمية الطرق christians مسحيينa threat \ threaten يهدد \ تهديد result from عن ينتجa means not an end غاية ال وسيلة sacrifice – يضحى

أضحيةimpose restrictions قيود يفرض western culture الثقافة

الغربيةattitude اتجاة- - سلوك

موقفprofessionals محترفين

fight for \ against لصالح \ يحاربضد

mineral wealth معدنية ثروة

remain يبقى – يظل prospect for على ينقبmonopoly ( سلعة ( احتكار react يتفاعلinvestment استثمار radiation إشعاعconsume يستهلك nuclear power الطاقة

النوويةconsumer مستهلك discipline النظامrationalization of consumption ترشيد

االستهالكcorruption الفساد

creativity اإلبداع- أالبتكار campaigns حمالتinaugurate يفتتح astronauts الفضاء روادinauguration افتتاح heritage التراثcelebrate يحتفل circumstances الظروفsolidarity التضامن blood donors متبرعين

بالدمconstitute / form يشكل obstacles = hinders عوائقconstitutionequality

الدستورالمساواة

suffer frommultiple - story garages

من يعانى جراجاتمتعددة

hinder يعوق fly-over bridges كباريعلوية

drought قحط – الجفاف the underground metro مترواإلنفاق

offer necessary facilities تقدمالتسهيالت

summit conference مؤتمرالقمة

natural resources طبيعية مصادر prime minister رئيسالوزراء

as a result of لـ نتيجة minister وزيرelectric sets كهر أجهزة

بائيةfrom cradle to grave إلى المهد من

اللحدprovide… for بـ يوفر industrial صناعيeconomic crises اقتصادية أزمة agricultural زراعيeconomic integration اقتصادي تكامل reclaiming استصالحsaving االدخار construction تعمير-

تشييدnegotiations مفاوضات narcotics = drugs مخدرة موادdeal in = trade in في يتاجر craftsman حرفيdo without عن يستغنى economic reform اإلصالح

االقتصاديencouragedefend for

يشجعأجل من يدافع

take drugs technology

مخدرات - يتعاطىمنشطاط

التكنولوجياdoubtless شك بال any progress\ nation تقدم \ أي

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أمةeducation التعليم the basis of أساسthe core of - لب- جوهر

أساسbe+armed with \ laden with يتسلح \

بـ يتحلىPolicy السياسة aim at (v+ing)( to مصدر) إلى يهدفeconomic االقتصادية educational system النظام

التعليميowe ( to) ل- مدين ـندين prove يثبت -

يبرهنdevelopment التنمية scholars and thinkers العلماء

والمفكرينwe can't deny that ننكر أن يمكن ال

أنmodification تعديل

tell the truth الحقيقة يقول concerning -بخصوص بشأنexert great efforts جهود تبذل

عظيمةpresidency الرئاسة

eliminate = overcome على – يقضىيمحو

achieving تحقيق

illiteracy األمية production اإلنتاجmake up for يعوض different activities مختلفة أنشطةa good citizen صالح مواطن vary - various -عديد يتنوع

With my best wishesGood Luck SM : Nassif El- Segahy

Tel No: ( 3347282 ) \ Mobile ( 0103124733 ) Good bye

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