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How fish otoliths can be used as a forensic tool Sam Bourret Fisheries Biologist Montana Fish, Wildlife, & Parks

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Page 1: BourretS How fish otoliths can be used as a forensic toolwhitefishlake.org/mtlakes/Papers/BourretS_How fish otoliths can be used as a forensic...groups pledge additional $5K to this

How fish otoliths can be used as a forensic tool

Sam BourretFisheries Biologist

Montana Fish, Wildlife, & Parks

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What is a fish otolith?      (Greek: ōto ‐ ear    líth – stone)

Photo credit: uni.hi.is/scampana/otoliths

Photo credit: awesomeocean.com

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How is the otolith a forensic tool?

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Unique geochemical signatures

Photo credit: dnr.sc.gov

87Sr/86Sr    Sr/Ca    Ba/Ca

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Brandon McMahon Photography

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Methods

0.700

0.705

0.710

0.715

0.720

0.725

0.730

0.735

87Sr / 86Sr 

Otolith core  ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Otolith edge

Age 1 annuli

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How many illegal fish introductions?

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Invasive Fish Impacts

Northern Pike ‐ AlaskaAsian Carp ‐Mississippi River

Snakehead ‐Potomac River

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Page 10: BourretS How fish otoliths can be used as a forensic toolwhitefishlake.org/mtlakes/Papers/BourretS_How fish otoliths can be used as a forensic...groups pledge additional $5K to this

Native species

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Forensic case studies in Montana

• Walleye in Swan Lake

• Northern Pike in Lake Mary Ronan

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Swan Lake

Joel Sartore/National Geographic stock with Wade Fredenberg

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Crime Scene – Swan Lake, October 2015• N = 2, 17 and 17.5 inch immature males

Were the walleye born in Swan Lake? If not, when and where were they transported from?

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Evidence: Born in Swan Lake?

Distance from otolith core (UM)

87Sr/8

6 Sr

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Distance from otolith core (UM)

June 2015

87Sr/8

6 Sr

Evidence: Born in Swan Lake?

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Water Body Angler Days Distance to Swan lake (road km)Canyon Ferry 3983 299Fort Peck Res. 3962 742Holter 1510 253Tiber 1078 360Fresno 906 444Nelson Res. 881 631Cooney Res. 776 616Frances 657 432Hauser 589 298Tongue River Res. 415 929Bighorn Res. 340 851Lake Helena 228 309Noxon Rapids Res. 103 261

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Evidence:Where were they born?

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Statistical Analysis

• DFA – predict which group?

• 95%  ‐ leave‐one‐outcross validation

• Classified with 97% and99% posterior prob.

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When And Where Did the Crime Occur

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Crime scene – Lake Mary Ronan (LMR)

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Past Illegal Fish Introduction in Lake Mary Ronan• Missoulian, August 19, 1992

• Mosely v. Lake County – MT supreme court, January 12, 1993• Justice Court did not have jurisdiction to order fine over $1000

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Current Fishery in LMR

???

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Evidence: Born in LMR?

Distance from otolith core (UM)

87Sr/8

6 Sr

Page 26: BourretS How fish otoliths can be used as a forensic toolwhitefishlake.org/mtlakes/Papers/BourretS_How fish otoliths can be used as a forensic...groups pledge additional $5K to this

Evidence: Born in LMR?

Distance from otolith core (UM)

87Sr/8

6 Sr

2011Age = 1

Page 27: BourretS How fish otoliths can be used as a forensic toolwhitefishlake.org/mtlakes/Papers/BourretS_How fish otoliths can be used as a forensic...groups pledge additional $5K to this

2014: Administrative Rule on illegal fish introductions

2015: Following discovery of walleye in Swan Lake - 8 sporting groups pledge additional $5K to this reward

2016: Trout Unlimited offers $10K reward for convictions in select bull trout waters

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Implications• More information about illegal introduction ‐> higher chance of conviction ‐30K reward

• New tool available to fisheries managers in the future

• Build Sr signature map to quickly identify sources

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How you can help

• Be on the watch for suspicious activity

• Report observed illegal fish introductions 1‐800‐TIP‐MONT

• Identify species when angling

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Acknowledgements

• Region 1 Fisheries personnel that provided the 2 walleye otoliths – Mark Deleray, Leo Rosenthal, Brian Marotz, and Matt Boyer

• Region 1 Law Enforcement that are working on the case

• Fisheries Biologist in MT that provided 3 Walleye otoliths from lakes and reservoirs ‐ Eric Roberts, Dave Yerk, Mike Ruggles, Cody Nagel, and Ben Bailer

• Geochemical analysis – WHOI Plasma Mass Spectrometry Laboratory Jurek Blusztajn

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Questions