Breeding for Drought Resistance in Cacao · Breeding for Drought Resistance in Cacao. El Niño-Southern Oscillation ... TLA, LDB, SDB, RDB, TDB, RL, ... Slide 1 Author: dahnert1

Dário AhnertSenior Prof. - UESC

PhD Plant Breeding

Breeding for Drought

Resistance in Cacao

El Niño-Southern Oscillation

Source:http://faculty.washington.edu/kessler/ENSO/soi-1950-98.gif

El Niño

La Niña

Índ

ex °

C

Rain Distribution–Cacao Region Bahia (June 2015 - August 2016)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Jun Jul Ago Set Out Nov Dez

Pre

cip

itação

(m

m)

2015

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Jan Fev Mar Abril Maio Jun Jul Ago

Pre

cip

itação

(m

m)

2016

Average/years

2014= 1908,9

2015= 1226,4

2016= 877

CCN 51 Rooted Cutted Plant

•Materials and Methods

Plant material and growth conditions

Self-incompatibleHybridTrinidadTSH-1188

Self-incompatibleHybridTrinidad TSA-792

Self-compatibleForasteroColombiaSPA-5

Self-compatibleForasteroBahiaSIC-2

Self-compatibleForasteroBrazilSIC-17

Self-compatibleForasteroBrazilSIAL-169

Self-incompatibleForasteroPeruSCA-6

Self-incompatibleCriolloMexicoRIM-6

Self-incompatibleForasteroBrazilRB-48


Self-compatibleComplex

hybrid BrazilPS-1319

Self-incompatibleForasteroPeruPA-150


Self-compatibleCriolloVenezuelaOC-77

-ForasteroBrazilMOC-2

-ForasteroPeruMO-20

Self-incompatibleForasteroBrazilMA-15


Self-incompatibleForasteroPeruIMC-76

-ForasteroPeruIMC-27

Self-incompatibleTrinitarioTrinidadICS-98

Self-compatibleTrinitarioTrinidadICS-9

-ForasteroFrench Guiana GU-114

-HybridEcuadorEQX-107

Self-compatibleHybridEcuadorEET-53

-HybridEcuadorEET-103

Self-compatibleHybridCosta RicaCC-40

Self-compatibleForasteroBrazilCATONGO

-ForasteroBrazilCAB-274


-ForasteroBrazilCA-3


Self-incompatibleForasteroBrazilC SUL-4

Self-incompatibleForasteroBrazil C SUL-3

Self-compatibleForasteroBrazilBE- 08

Self-incompatibleForasteroPeru(AMZ-15.1)

Gametic

compatibility

Botanical

groupOriginGenotype

















-ForasteroPeruMO-20





















Gametic

compatibility

Botanical

groupOriginGenotype

















-ForasteroPeruMO-20





















Gametic

compatibility

Botanical

groupOriginGenotype

















-ForasteroPeruMO-20





















Gametic

compatibility

Botanical

groupOriginGenotype

















-ForasteroPeruMO-20





















Gametic

compatibility

Botanical

groupOriginGenotype

















-ForasteroPeruMO-20





















Gametic

compatibility

Botanical

groupOriginGenotype

•Materials and Methods

• Seminal seedlings

• Cacao Germplasm Bank of the Cacao

Research Center (CEPEC);

• The experiment was conducted in a

greenhouse at CEPEC/CEPLAC, Ilhéus, Bahia,

Brazil

Leaf Water potencial :

Scholander et al., 1965

Leaf water potential (ΨWL)

2º or 3º mature leaf

Orthotropic axis between 2:00 and

4:00 am)

Total leaf areas(TLA)

Individual leaf areas (ILA)

MATERIALS AND METHODS

LI-COR 3100

Digital calipers

stem diameter

(CD)

plant height (H)

75°C

Root dry biomass (SDB)

Leaf dry biomass (LDB)

Stem dry biomass (SDB)

Total dry biomass (TDB)

leaf number (LN)

Leaf area (TLA)Leaf number (LN) Stem diameter (CD)

HUNT, 1990

Specific leaf area

(SLA)

Leaf mass ratio (LMR)

Leaf area ratio (LAR)

Root/shoot (R/S)

CONCLUSIONS

• In general, soil water deficit influenced negatively

biomass production, except for clones EET 53, ICS9,

MA15, OC77, PA150, PS1319, and SPA5;

• Variables LDB (leaf dry biomass), TDB (total dry

Bio..), TLAP (total leaf area), RGR (relative growth) ,

and Mg (magnesium) can be used for selection of

tolerance to drought;

• Genes NCED5, PP2C, psbA and psbO incresed

expression in non tolerant clones;

• Resistant clones increased volume of fine roots

under drought conditions.

SIC-17sSIC-17c

C.Sul-4sC.Sul-4c

SIC-2c SIC-2s

MO20sMO-20c

MA15sMA-15c

PA-13c PA-13s

OC-77sOC-77c

Figura 6- Área radicular (A) genótipos que apresentaram reduções significativas em relação ao controle, (B)

genótipos que não apresentaram reduções significativas em relação ao controle. (c-controle; s-seca).

Comparação de médias pelo teste-t (P<0,01).

68%

51%

17%

17%

4%

AB

CC-40sCC-40c

51%

35%

16%

Results and Discussion

MATERIAL E MÉTODOSGenetic material and experimental procedures


Table 1- T. cacao genotypes used in diallel crosses

Accessions have different levels of drought tolerance (SANTOS et al., 2014)


12 months after sowing

Fig 2 - Diallel crosses in CEPEC

Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil -

2012

DEFICIT Gradually water

suspended for 60

days

(ΨWL) -2.0 to -2.5 MPa

Manually

CONTROL Irrigation to maintain

for 60 days

water content in the

field capacity(33 kPa)

(ΨWL) -0.1 to -0.5 MPa

(126 plants)

(126 plants)

Scholander et al., 1965


2º or 3º mature leaf

Orthotropic axis between 2:00

and 4:00 am)

6 replication


6 replication

Soil water deficit influenced negatively biomass production, except for SCA 6x IMC 67, Catongo x SCA 6, MOC 01 x Catongo, Catongo x IMC 67 and RB 40 xCatongo.

Superiority of additive genetic effects (CGA) was found over non-additivegenetic effects (SCA)

SCA 6 had the highest general combining ability to shoot increment and theroot system in both hydric regimes.

Progenies PUCALA x Catongo, PUCALA x MOC 01, IMC-67 x TSH 1188 andMOC 01 x IMC 67 were the most susceptible to drought.

There were differences in combining abilities of the parents and influence ofthe water regime over morphological characters (except LN and LMR).

The growth variables CD, TLA, LDB, SDB, RDB, TDB, RL, RV, RD < 1 mm and 1< RD < 2 mm were the variable that most contributed in the separation of T.cacao genotypes tolerant to water stress and can be used in selecting plantstolerant to drought

CONCLUSIONS

Fig. 2. Biplot graphical analysis based on the mean of 21 cacao progenies under stress conditions (ΨWL

between -2.0 and -2.5 MPa) for CD, stem diameter; TLA, total leaf area; LDB, leaf dry biomass; SDB, stem

dry biomass; TDB, total dry biomass; RDB, root dry biomass; RL, root length; RV, root volume; RD, fine

(RD < 1 mm) and medium (1 <RD <2 mm) root diameters.

Thank you!!!!

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Breeding for Drought Resistance in Cacao · Breeding for Drought Resistance in Cacao. El Niño-Southern Oscillation ... TLA, LDB, SDB, RDB, TDB, RL, ... Slide 1 Author: dahnert1