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Broadband: Regional Capacity Building
FTTH Middle East Conference 2009,10-11 November 2009, Amman, Jordan
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10-11 November 2009, Amman, Jordan
Alaa Al-Din (Aladdin ) Jawad Kadhem Al-RadhiConsultant Engineer, Researcher, Scholar, Educator,
Instructor, ToT & Capacity [email protected] [email protected], +962 796347600
� Bachelor Electrical Engineering, College Of Engineering / Baghdad University - Iraq
� Masters CINS: Computer Information Network Security, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
� Passionate / Advocate of New Horizons: Science, Technology, ICT & Internet for The Best Interests of Humanity, Environment, Education, e-services & Living Conditions
� Committed to “ICT Success Factors” & “21st Century Information / Economic Society Demands, Researches & Promotions”
� Advisory Council Member: PIR: Public Interest Registry www.pir.org
� Board of Trustees: AKMS: Arab Knowledge & Management Society www.akms.org
� IGF Ambassador & Global Member: ISOC: Internet Society www.isoc.org
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� IGF Ambassador & Global Member: ISOC: Internet Society www.isoc.org
� President: IPv6 Forum Jordan Chapter www.ipv6forum.com
� Alumni, ASK & International Contact: DePaul University Chicago, USA / School of CDM: Computing & Digital Media, www.depaul.edu
� Fellow: ITU, MENOG, ICANN & DIPLO Foundation
� Member: IEEE, COMSOC , ISCRAM, ICIE, ACS, UN-GAID, JORLA, Internet 2 SIG & EU MED CONNECT 2.
� Awarded “Information Share” Winner 2007-2009: ASIS&T: American Society for Information Science & Technology www.asis.org
Please Remember: Think Global ; Act local Please Remember: Think Global ; Act local
My Multi-Disciplinary Works
IPv6IPv6
DNSSECDNSSEC
Network SecurityNetwork Security CyberCyber
Information Society Information Society
4G4G
Future InternetFuture InternetBroadbandBroadband
PMPM
Web 3.0Web 2.0/3.0
E-LearningE-Learning
Spectrum Manag. Spectrum Manag. Security PoliciesSecurity Policies
Internet SecurityInternet Security
KM
NGNNGN
Thinking HatsThinking Hats
Disaster RecoveryDisaster Recovery
Business ContinuityBusiness Continuity
Cloud / Grid ComputingCloud / Grid Computing
Green ITGreen IT
ForensicsForensics
RFIDRFID
GSM SecurityGSM Security
BiometricsBiometrics
IAIAHuman SecurityHuman Security
CERTCERT
Convergence NetworksConvergence Networks
E-LearningE-Learning
ICT DICT4D
Security Tools & SolutionsSecurity Tools & Solutions
Thinking HatsThinking Hats
Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis
E-Gov.E-Gov.
Mind MapsMind Maps
Cloud / Grid ComputingCloud / Grid Computing
Security MetricsSecurity Metrics
Penetration TestingPenetration TestingVirtualizationVirtualization
FiberFiberIDS/IPSIDS/IPS
Digital DivideDigital Divide
Ubiquitous ComputingUbiquitous Computing
Sensor NetworksSensor Networks
In-Depth SecurityIn-Depth Security Wireless SecurityWireless Security
Wi-MaxWi-Max
Identity Mang.Identity Mang.Digital SocietiesDigital Societies
Application SecurityApplication Security
My Beliefs & Mottos
There Is NO Answer, But ONLY Solutions.There Is NO Answer, But ONLY Solutions.
The Future Is Already Here, It's Just NOT Evenly Distributed.The Future Is Already Here, It's Just NOT Evenly Distributed.
You can NOT gain ground if you are standing still.You can NOT gain ground if you are standing still.
Knowledge is like a garden; if it is NOT cultivated, it can NOT be harvested.
Knowledge is like a garden; if it is NOT cultivated, it can NOT be harvested.
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it can NOT be harvested.it can NOT be harvested.
Be the Change you seek in the world.Be the Change you seek in the world.
Bridging the Gap between Knowing and Doing.Bridging the Gap between Knowing and Doing.
The 1st hurdle is the people who will NOT accept the change that's already happened. People do NOT
lack strength; they lack will !
The 1st hurdle is the people who will NOT accept the change that's already happened. People do NOT
lack strength; they lack will !
Old vs. Today Business ModelsOld vs. Today Business Models
OLD TODAY
One De-Facto Monopolist Many providers of various services
Voice was the service provided Voice one service, Access is another
Cost depended on Call length & Distance
Distance have NO impact
Party called paid all parties involved
Internet uses model “bill and keep”
Variables in Telco's
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Variables in Telco's
� Technology Continuously & Rapidly Evolving
� Consumers Associating with Brands
� Change Management Life-cycle
� Solutions Diversity
� Direct / Indirect Competition is Changing the Games Rules
� Budget Limitation
Customer Centric Team+Brand
+ Operational Excellence
Success Key is:
=
The Needs: New Services = More Bandwidth New Services = More Bandwidth = New Architecture= New Architecture
3.7Mbps MPEG-2 CBR VHS Quality Video Stream
64Kbps Phone Line
128Kbps ISDN
600Kbps DSL
3Mbps DSL
1.544Mbps T1
10Mbps Ethernet
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100Mbps Ethernet
20Mbps MPEG-2 CBR HDTV Quality Video
Stream
Work at home
Educational & Medical
Applications
75% of users watch online videoYouTube = 27% of internet traffic
The Needs: ICT Success Factors
Broadband is the foundation for information society of 21st Century
Change the Operators
Economic Model
Creation of Multi-Service Providers: Any (Time,Place): VoD, IPTV, etc
Choke Points in 3.5G Networks due to Capacity Reach
Convergence Is Coming
� Broadband and IP everywhere (Convergence) is a true global
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� Broadband and IP everywhere (Convergence) is a true global trend, including in Mobile:
� Network Transformation to IP
� Fixed Mobile Convergence driven
� Global trend toward a flat network model
� Network Transformation shall enable proactive, valuable and sustainable differentiation
Cellular / Fixed: Worlds ConvergeCoverage / Mobility
802.16e
Wide Area
Mobile
Metro Area
Nomadic
Cellular Industry
802.16d
3.X G2G 2.5G 3G
Mobile
Broadband
HSPA / LTE
FDD & TDD TDD
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Coverage / Mobility
Data Speeds (Kbps) span a wide range100,000
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802.11n (Smart Antennas) 802.11 with
Mesh extents.
802.16eWiMAX
Local Area
Fixed
Metro Area
Nomadic
802.16dWiMAX
802.11 b/a/g
Fixed Wireless Industry
BB Definition Technically Functionally Market Wise
� ITU: Any network with a capacity >1.5 Mbit/s
� Countries have definitions which range from 200 kbit/s to 30 Mbit/s
Networks capable of carrying full-multimedia to end users with some degree of interactivity
� ADSL or Cable Modems
� BB services delivered by wireless, satellite and fiber optics
BB Access Technologies:
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� Type of technology (wire line or wireless)
� Area of coverage
� Distance from the network access (e.g. from local telephone exchange)
� Speed of data transmission
� Cost of deployment
� Wireless technologies:
� 3G – Third generation cellular mobile
� WLAN – Wireless Local Area Networks
� FWA – Fixed Wireless Access or “Wireless Local Loop” WLL
� Satellite
� Wired technologies:
� ADSL, VDSL, etc.
� Power Line Communications PLC
� Fiber Optic
BB Technologies: Wireless Technologies
3G Cellular Mobile
In EU , the best-known for 3G mobile is “UMTS2” (or “Wideband CDMA”).
WLAN (Wi-Fi)
“license exempt” spectrum (2,4 GHz and 5 GHz band) so-called “Hotspots”; at relatively low
investment & operational costs.
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• Subject to frequency spectrum availability• Can be deployed Easily & Less Costly (e.g. Stations, Airports, etc)
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FWA:FIXED WIRELESS LOCAL LOOP (WLL) or “LMDS”
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Uses radio links to connect fixed user rooftop antennas to BS antennas of the access network, & can reach over 30 km. The best-known wireless technology, called Local Multi-point Distribution System (LMDS), ensures a wide variety of access services
Satellite44� Used in isolated areas where NO
infrastructure can be deployed. � High latency (> 1 Sec. due long
radio transmission path), is a problem for various services
� Controlling is quite difficult, so the use can be highly restricted by law in some countries.
WiMAX: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access � Global cell throughput, at 25 Mbit/s/cell; with IP native;� P–to–M microwave, with a 15 Km cell radius & Non line–of–sight � A main BB technology driver for emerging countries as being
supported by & interoperable. � Shares infrastructure (mainly masts, power, & security) with the
legacy mobile cellular infrastructure, avoiding the deployment of a WiMAX infrastructure “from scratch”.
� Can be deployed in urban & suburban areas, where copper is of limited availability or poor quality.
BB Technologies: Wireless Technologies
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limited availability or poor quality.
“Always Connected”
Urban & Rural areas
BB Technologies: Wired:
Current ADSL systems allow speeds of up to 2 Mbit/s downstream, and over 500 kbit/s upstream – reaching up to 5 km from the
telephone exchange.
ADSL Power Line Communications PLC
� This emerging technology allows for providing BB over electric power lines. It permits distribution of broadband Internet at speeds up to 50 Mbits/ second, & is most suited for use inside buildings. It can potentially provide connectivity via any electric plug
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connectivity via any electric plug in, for example, a house, school or hospital.
� The tech. can be used outdoors with some distance limitations.
� PLC has now gone through the experimentation stages & is currently being deployed in some schools and government buildings as a promising solution.
Fiber Optic
Is the most “future-proof” tech. to offer. New rollout techniques allow fiber to reuse existing infrastructure (water, gas, etc). Different “depths” of reach of fiber closer to the end user are sometimes described as FTTH: Fiber-to-the-Home
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BB Technologies: Wired: Fiber Optic
Fiber Network = Fiber-Based Access Network, connection subscribers to central point: Access Node
Fiber-To-The-Home (FTTH) Fiber-To-The-Building (FTTB)
Single Subscriber Multiple Subscriber
Not more than 2m from an external wall of subscriber’s premises.
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Access
Network � Fixed wireless networks (e.g. WLAN or WiMax)
� Mobile Network Base Stations
� Larger # of Subscribers (Houses, Buildings, etc)
FTTH Deployment TopologiesPoint To Multipoint (P2MP)
A Tree topology using Passive Optical Network (PON) where unpowered Optical splitters (32-128) are deployed in the field to be operated by one of the PONtechnologies (e.g. Giga PON) using TDM based MAC protocols to control the access of multiple subscribers over shared fiber.
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Point To Multipoint (P
Point To Point (P2P) Typically using Ethernet
Technologies ( 100BASE-BX10, 1000BASE-BX10), which can be mixed with SDH/SONET, for e.g., to provide dedicated fibers between the POP (Point Of Presence) and either the subscriber or a first active aggregation point in the network.
over shared fiber.
FTTH Deployment Topologies: PON Fiber Networks
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P2MP & P2P Access Solutions
Optical Line Terminal (OLT) @ service provider’s central office
G(Giga)PON = 2.5Gbit/s & 1.25Gbit/s To & From 64 users Max.
EPON =2Gbit/s downstream bit rate
Subscribers
GPON
PON =
# of Optical Network Terminals (ONTs) @ subscribers premises+
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OLT
= 3600 Subscribers
(based on Max. 64 / GPON
connection)
20 km
P2MP & P2P Access Solutions
Optical Network Terminals (ONTs) @ subscribers premises
* Indoor application (I-series)* Outdoor application (O-series)* Business application (B-series)* FTTB (Fiber-To-The-Building):
* Covers # of analogue phone connections (POTS)* # of Ethernet (Fast or Gig)* RF connections for video
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* RF connections for video overlay
PON use purely optical passive components that can withstand severe environment conditions without the need to consumer energy between the CO exchange & customer premises. The benefit Telecoms is low maintenance requirements
P2P
One dedicated fiber / customer between the Ethernet switch (POP) & home
One fiber to an aggregation point & dedicated fiber from there onwards
Easy to implement
Suitable for FTTB
All-Fiber Access Network Layout
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P Comparison
P2MP & P2P Comparison
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P Comparison
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P2MP & P2P Comparison
BB Network Model
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Networks
Challenges
3 Transformation Steps to Delivering BB
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BB Services: Any (Where, Tim
e, How)
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BB Services: Any (Where, Tim
e, How)
Wireless BB Access
Global Broadband Perspectives:
� Light Touch Regulation
� Let the market do the work
� Focus on creating right environment and removing regulatory obstacles
� Generally open market with
National Strategies Extending Access� Government generally
stands back but steps in to assist in specific areas where private sector might not deliver:� Access to schools,
hospital, libraries, etc� Access in regional or
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� Generally open market with a minimum of licensing requirements
� E-government initiatives
� No direct central government funding of access
e.g. NZ, Switzerland
� Access in regional or urban zones
� Digital divide initiatives to encourage access among disadvantaged or minority groups
� Government initiatives to support education, training, awareness raising, applications development etc.
e.g. UK, Germany, USA
Comprehensive National Plans
� Government positions itself as a technology champion
� Combines large-scale public funding with governmental guidance of private market
� Sees broadband as critical to international competitiveness
� Often associated with Asian countries
e.g. Japan, Rep. Of Korea, Malaysia, Singapore
Global Broadband Perspectives:
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e.g. Japan, Rep. Of Korea, Malaysia, Singapore
4 Principles for Broadband Connectivity
Universality Deployment & Subscription
Involve of Public & Private Sectors Future-Ready
1122
3344
Major MENA Broadband Barriers:
Price11 22 DSL, Spectrum & Regulation
Deployment Barriers 1. Technical: Constraints on DSL technologies on older cable TV
networks.2. Regulatory:
1. Where infrastructure competition is NOT permitted, roll-out had been slower and prices higher.
2. Where there is cross-ownership between cable TV operators and incumbent Telco's, roll-out is slower.
3. Economic:1. High prices, Financial crisis is slowing down deployment2. Perceived lack of .killer applications
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� High prices & low market maturity slow down BB penetration
� Bundled services, whereby BB is provided with other services like telephony & TV content, constitute a key enabler for price reduction for service providers.
Price11 22 DSL, Spectrum & Regulation� Lack of a service culture & insufficient
quality of telephony copper (especially for DSL deployment) are factors hindering the deployment of Broadband. The promotion of a service culture and transparency as regards copper quality are needed. Wireless local loop WLL Technologies constitute an alternative to copper lines, provided that the availability of the needed frequency spectrum is ensured by governments & regulatory bodies.
� Peering is defined as an agreement between 2 ISPs to interconnect their networks in order to bypass expensive transit networks. This connection is made through Internet exchange points, or IXPs, which are facilities where ISPs can deploy cable to interconnect with other providers, generally from the same country or region.
� MENA countries can take advantage of 3 IXPs: EMIX in the United Arab Emirates, CRIX in Egypt & Beirut.
Major MENA Broadband Barriers:
Peering & IXP Development33
Arab Emirates, CRIX in Egypt & Beirut.� Peering enables achievement of 3 goals:
� Lower costs: The traffic between 2 providers does NOT require an international transit bandwidth, which is very expensive.
� Reduce latency: by taking a shorter route for a connection, which is crucial for applications with a high QoS like VoIP.
� Decrease IP packets loss: This increases the efficiency of the provider’s network.
� To overcome the lack of national & regional peering, several attempts have been made to build a regional “Pan–Arab Back-bone Network”. To date, these attempts are still on-going.
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� Mass BB adoption is the result of the availability of content & applications that are relevant to users in their native language, & contributes in turn to the promotion of improved productivity in the economy as a result of this mass adoption.
Major MENA Broadband Barriers:
44 Contents & Applications Local Loop Unbundling LLU55
� World-wide, local loop unbundling of the fixed telephony infrastructure is becoming an essential pre–requisite for such a market; hence result of this mass adoption.
Both factors are lacking in the MENA region. The development of digital Arabic content & the lifting of restrictions on Internet access allow the Internet to become the main medium for the exchange of knowledge between people.
� On–line Arabic content is typically estimated at approximately 1-2% of the total Web content
market; hence regulators should enforce it and avoid restrictions on the provision of other services. In the long term, incumbent operators will benefit from such competitive markets by becoming multi–service operators themselves.
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� The scope of Universal Access is confined to basic, conventional ICT services, & Universal Access to BB remains an unstated priority in national policies. An extended scope for Universal Access, which includes BB, should be clearly planed in national ICT policies, with an increase in investments for upgrading operators’ access networks. Associated regulatory mechanisms are needed to ensure effective competition while
Major MENA Broadband Barriers:
66 Universal Access & ICT Policy
mechanisms are needed to ensure effective competition while bridging the digital divide between urban and rural areas
77 Converged Networks & Policy Making
� Network operators need to anticipate the convergence of their networks towards NGN model, where a single IP-based be able to provide any kind of service (Internet, voice, video, etc.)
� Policymakers in Government institutions should formulate policies that harness Broadband to achieve socioeconomic development. 29
Going Forward:
Understand your “Broadband Ecosystem”11
3 Pillars for BB
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� Driver: Acting as a neutral, facilitating party in the process
� Investor: As an investor, providing seed money & ROI late
� User: As a user, the authority can benefit directly in terms of administrative efficiency gains & as a user you can also encourage others, especially SMEs, to adopt broadband
� Service Provider: As a service provider over broadband Internet connections, an authority will be able to ensure better, faster, and more modern public services to its citizens
Define Your Role22
Going Forward: Think of key challenges33
� Project Management: Many organizations with differing aims, organizational skills are often involved. Complex tasks include public tendering, contract negotiations & monitoring execution, as well as general co-ordination & communication tasks.
� Design: Including making technological choices. Different technologies have different characteristics. that have a decisive impact on the project result.
� Legal Considerations: Laws & market structures are different from one country to another.
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� “Infrastructure-Only” Logic: Building infrastructure without having in mind the services it will carry and which users it will serve.
� “Captive Market” Logic: Building infrastructure at the demand, & in conditions, of one big user such as the biggest local enterprise.
� “Over-segmentation” Logic: Isolating major broadband consumers by nature of the service or platform they use.
Some Traps to Avoid!44
Going Forward: 55
Policy Makers?
� How important will BB be for the national economies?
� What demand-side stimulation policies work best?
� Policies have to follow market demand
� Optimize tech. capability Localized contents & applications
� Telecommunications Liberalization is key
� Support BB infrastructure deployment
� Encourage investments
� Reduce Government ownership while increasing government support
What's Next?
� Commission a feasibility study, including exploration of partners & their expectations, stakeholder analysis, assessment of topology,
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What's Next?
66
their expectations, stakeholder analysis, assessment of topology, demographics, skills.
� Develop cost & ROI Return On Investment scenarios
� Improve technical & HR related to QoS as a key enabler for BB
� Provide relevant content & applications
� Improve regional connectivity & peering, & allow the emergence of powerful regional service providers
� Include BB access as a Universal Service Obligation
� Develop & generalize LLU & the emergence of multiple–service offers by newcomers & incumbents
� Bring down BB prices with bundled service offers
Some Resources
� www.broadband-europe.eu� www.ftthcouncil.eu� www.cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict� www.broadband.gov� www.spectrummanagement.eu� www.future-internet.eu� www.thinkbroadband.com� www.broadband.coop� www.ict-mobilesummit.eu� www.ieee-mobilewimax.org� www.getwimax.org
� www.itu.int� www.oecd.org� www.etsi.org� www.dslforum.org� www.ieee802.org� www.ict-bone.eu� www.ict-forward.eu� www.internet2.edu� www.i-society.eu� www.mesh-ip.eu� www.ngmn.org
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Some Resources
� www.getwimax.org� www.ieee802.org� www.wimaxforum.org� www.wimaxroaming.org� www.ict-fireworks.eu� www.ict-forward.eu� www.internet2.edu� www.nem-summit.eu� www.serviceweb30.eu� www.broadband-forum.org
� www.ngmn.org� www.ripe.net� www.educause.edu� www.ict-e3.eu� www.comsoc.org� www.ieee.org� www.ftthcouncil.org� www.cssc.eu� www.canarie.ca� www.ict-bone.eu
Knowledge is Like a Garden; if it is NOT Cultivated, it can NOT be Harvested.
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Please Remember: Think Global ; Act local Please Remember: Think Global ; Act local