BSE Public CPD Lecture – Adjunct Professor Talk – A Gas Passport on 31 May 2010 Organized by the Department of Building Services Engineering, a public CPD lecture delivered by Professor James Yuk-Choi Kwan, JP on A Gas Passport was held on 31 May 2010 (Monday). Over 80 participants attend this CPD Lecture.

Powerpoint file of the CPD lecture Professor James Yuk-Choi Kwan obtained his bachelor degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Hong Kong in 1973. He furthered his study at the Chinese University of Hong Kong and obtained the degree of Master of Business Administration in 1982. He also attended the Advance Management Program at the Business School of Harvard University in 1992. Professor Kwan has been appointed as Executive Director and Chief Operating Officer of Towngas Limited since 2003. He is well respected by the gas industry both locally and internationally.

CPD Lecture by Professor Kwan

Energy Management and Climate Change are the important challenges which building services engineers have to face in the 21st century for the delivery of a built and sustainable environment in order to meet the growing concern and expectation of the public. In the lecture, Professor Kwan discussed some of the industry best practices, latest development trends as well as the key actions to address these challenges and the role which building services engineering will play in the 21st century.

CPD public lecture by Professor Kwan

A GAS PASSPORTA GAS PASSPORTIr. James Y C Kwan JPIr. James Y C Kwan JPExecutive Director & Chief Operating OfficerExecutive Director & Chief Operating OfficerThe Hong Kong & China Gas Co. Ltd.The Hong Kong & China Gas Co. Ltd.30 May30 May 20102010

Role of Building Service Engineers in 21Role of Building Service Engineers in 21ststCenturyCentury

Projected changes in global temperatureProjected changes in global temperatureGlobal area 1856 Global area 1856 –– 1999 and projection estimate to 21001999 and projection estimate to 2100

Global Warming Effect:Global Warming Effect:Columbia Glacier RetreatColumbia Glacier Retreat

GlobalGlobalwarmingwarming

effectseffects

Past and projected annual mean temp. anomaly Past and projected annual mean temp. anomaly for HKfor HK

Source: HK Observatory, based on IPCC AR4 annual projection data

Breakdown of HKBreakdown of HK’’s COs CO22 EmissionsEmissions

Energy80%

Other Gases18%

Waste

How can building service engineer make a How can building service engineer make a difference in the 21st century?difference in the 21st century?

New Buildings

ExistingBuildings

Developers Potential Savings:

20-60%Design

•Policy•Budget•Resources

OperatorsPotential Savings:

10-30%Energy Management

OccupantsPotential Savings:5-25%

Energy Management

OwnersPotential Savings:

15-35%Updates

Source from: Wen Hong, et al at “Building Efficiency” Asia Business Council,2007

Key Influences on Building Energy Key Influences on Building Energy ConsumptionConsumption

HK Film ArchiveHK Film Archive

Conventional Cooling Vs Desiccant ApproachConventional Cooling Vs Desiccant Approach

• Difference between conventional and desiccant cooling system in psychometric analysis

10 15 20 25 30

1

43 3’ 2’

2Psychometric Chart

Moi

stur

e C

onte

nt (D

ry A

ir) g

/ kg

Dry – Bulb Temperature 0C

Working principle & desiccant materialsWorking principle & desiccant materials

Lithium Chloride (Li)

Molecular Sieve

Silica Gel (HPS)

Basic components of Desiccant DehumidifierBasic components of Desiccant Dehumidifier

MuntersML 1100G

MuntersML 1100G

Film Store16oC, 20 - 30%RH

Cold Air

Return AirGas DesiccantDehumidifier

Gas DesiccantDehumidifier

AHU

Dry Air

Return AirHS

TS

Schematic Diagram of Desiccant Dehumidifier Schematic Diagram of Desiccant Dehumidifier SystemSystem

VOLUME CONTROLDAMPER

ML1100 ML1100NON-RETURNDAMPER

RETURN AIR FROMFILM STORE ROOM

PERMANENTVENTILATION

LOUVRE

GASMETER

NEW GAS PIPE TEE-OFF FROM EXISTINGDIA.150 GAS PIPE

DRY AIRDUCT

WET AIRDUCT

SCAFFOLDINGS

DRY AIR TOFILM STORE

ROOM

DESICCANT DEHUMIDIFIER ROOM AT FILM STORE

EXHAUST AIROUT

Film Store

C10 20 30 40 45

2

g/kg

46810121416182022242628

100% 80% 60% 40%

D/HDRY AIR

Conventional Cooling Capacity= 0.61 x 1.2 x 1.02 (25-0)= 19 kW

Reheat= 0.61 x 1.2 x1.02 (22-0)=16.5 kW

Desiccant Cooling Capacity= 0.61 x 1.2 x (26-22)= 3 kW

Psychometric AnalysisConventional Cooling vs Desiccant CoolingAssume : Ignore heat loss from building walls to outside Room conditions = 16oC db, 20 - 30%RH

Conventional CoolingElectrical Power rating of Conventional Cooling= 19kW / 3[COP] + 16.5kW= 22.8 kW

Desiccant CoolingElectrical Power rating of Desiccant Cooling= (3kW / 3[COP])= 1 kWGas Power rating of Desiccant unit= 11.1 kW x 2 nos. x 0.2 (functioning time)= 4.5 kW

(9.8g/kg; 14.5oC db)

16oC

Wide Commercial ApplicationsWide Commercial Applications

HK & China Gas Co. Ltd.,HK & China Gas Co. Ltd.,

Use of condensing water from fan coil units

Application of solar panels

Waste management practices

Fan coil unit Condensing water tank

Solar panel & green roof Solar panel

Waste separation bin Recycle bag

One PekingOne Peking

Green Technology: Green Technology: LowLow--E glassE glass

Classification of double-skin facades

Main Type

Box window facadeCorridor facade

Shaft-box window facadeMulti-storey facade

Natural

MechanicalHybrid

Cavity Ventilation

Airflow

Concepts

Exhaust Air

Open System

Supply Air

Static air

buffer

External air curtain

Internal air

curtain

Not Open System

Green Technology: Green Technology: DoubleDouble--skin Facadeskin Facade

Green Technology: Green Technology: Automatic Solar BlindAutomatic Solar Blind

Blinds and its controller Photovoltaic's Cell

Blinds

Photovoltaic's Cell

Photovoltaic's Cell

Green Technology: Green Technology: Photovoltaic cellPhotovoltaic cell

Green Design: Green Design: Sun shading & ceilingSun shading & ceiling

Potential of reducing whole life emissions Potential of reducing whole life emissions during building lifecycleduring building lifecycle

Who

le L

ife E

mis

sion

s

Building Lifecycle

Cumulative Whole Life Carbon Emission

Potential to reduce emissions

Source: Fieldson et al (2009)

Building ProcessBuilding Process % GHG Emission% GHG Emission(Recycled materials)(Recycled materials)

Manufacture and transportation of Manufacture and transportation of building materialsbuilding materials

90.0%90.0%

Energy consumption of construction equipment

8.6%

Energy consumption for processing resources

0.1%

Disposal of construction waster 1.3%

GHG emissions of One Peking at construction GHG emissions of One Peking at construction stagestage

HKEERSB

HK BEAM & HKEERSBHK BEAM & HKEERSB

HK BEAM

End UserSource of Energy

Integrated Green Energy SystemIntegrated Green Energy SystemFrom source of energy to end userFrom source of energy to end user

18501850 200020001950195019001900

Air

qual

ity Im

prov

emen

t

CoalCoalCoal

Fuel oilFuel oilFuel oil

NaphthaNaphthaNaphtha

Townga

sTow

ngas’’ G

reen Jou

rney

Green Jo

urney Natural Gas + Naphtha

Natural Gas + Natural Gas + NaphthaNaphtha

Green at SourceGreen at Source

Natural gas mitigates global warmingNatural gas mitigates global warming

• Burning natural gas produces– Virtually no SOx or particulates– Less NOx and CO2

Tai Po Gas PlantEstimated Emission

Reduction(Tonnes / yr)

Estimated Reduction

(%)CO2 107,000 26%

NOx 84 42%

SOx 4.4 40%

Renewable Energy InitiativeRenewable Energy Initiative

LandfillLandfillgasgas

Winner ofWinner ofHong Kong Awards for Industries Hong Kong Awards for Industries Consumer Product Design AwardConsumer Product Design Award

Green at ApplicationGreen at Application

35

Carbon LabelCarbon Label

此爐具二氧化

碳排放較非明

火器具少，每

小時減幅可達

1.9公斤(相同淨

熱輸出量計)

此爐具二氧化碳排放較非明火器

具少，每小時減幅可達2公斤

(相同淨熱輸出量計)

CustomersCustomers’’ Carbon FootprintCarbon Footprint

Electricity~31%

Cooker Eff : ~84%

WH Eff : ~90%

34.5%34.5%34.5% ~29%

Energy loss : 63%

100%

TowngasCooker Eff : ~52%

WH Eff. : ~80%

90%90% ~47%

Energy loss : 10%

100%~72%

Towngas Plant

Power Plant

Transmissionloss : 2.5%

Total Energy Efficiency ConceptTotal Energy Efficiency Concept

Source: Power Company Annual Report (2007)、HK PolyU Appliances Test Report (2008)、QTS Appliances Test Report (2009)

Lower COLower CO22 emission with gas appliancesemission with gas appliances

Unit energy basisUnit energy basis

COCO22 11 2.372.37

Cooking Cooking efficiency includedefficiency included

COCO22 11 1.451.45

WHWHefficiency includedefficiency included

COCO22 11 2.012.01

TOWNGASTOWNGAS ELECTRICITYELECTRICITY

8 trees

17 trees

Maintenance ChallengesMaintenance Challenges

數據顯示，樓齡超過50年的私人樓宇約4,000幢，屋宇署對這些樓宇每年發出的修葺令為20%。“

”

Common Maintenance ProblemsCommon Maintenance Problems

Concrete Spalling

Water Supply Services Gas Pipeline Air Condition Devices

Electrical Fire Services

Regular Regular Safety Safety

InspectionInspection

Laser Methane Gas DetectorLaser Methane Gas Detector

• Intensive riser inspection• Gas detector and camera equipped• No scaffolding needed• Flexible inspection time

Riser Inspection RobotRiser Inspection Robot

Classification of Riser CorrosionClassification of Riser Corrosion

1級 - 良好立管 2級 - 輕微蝕 3級 - 中度蝕

4級 - 嚴重蝕 5級 - 極嚴重蝕 6級 - 喉管漏氣

建議客戶更換

建議客戶儘快更換

即時止漏及建議客戶儘快更換

建議客戶更換

Mainland OpportunitiesMainland Opportunities

遼寧遼寧

北京北京

安徽安徽江蘇江蘇

山東山東

吉林吉林

浙江浙江

黑龍江黑龍江

內蒙古內蒙古

陝西陝西

湖北湖北

廣東廣東

山山西西

四川四川

河北河北

江西江西

重慶重慶

海南海南

燃氣 (中華煤氣) 燃氣 (港華燃氣) 水務LNG接收站省內天然氣管城市中游項目氣源項目煤化工/煤礦項目易高加氣站項目電訊項目

河南河南

(截至2010年4月)

Rapid Development in ChinaRapid Development in China

1919 provinceprovince, , total total 111111 projectsprojects

中國共35個大中型城市施工房屋面積約為129億平方米，而竣工房屋面積為26.9億平方米，其中78%為住宅。

—國家統計局固定資產2009年投資統計司

“ ”

兩大類人才是目前節能行業最迫切需要的：一為節能技術人才，二是節能管理人才。

—上海節能資訊網總經理 陳宏“ ”

Engineer’s Log BookEngineerEngineer’’s Log Books Log Book

The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers

Engineers in SocietyEngineers in Society

A Gas Passport to become Professional A Gas Passport to become Professional EngineerEngineer

Recognized academic qualifications

General Experience 2 to 5 years

Responsible Experience 1

to 2 year

Minimum 4 to 6 years

Professional Assessment

Member

WELCOME Q&A