Bt31r0521-p1 Power Electronics

Code No: R0203 Set No. 1

III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2009POWER ELECTRONICS

(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any FIVE QuestionsAll Questions carry equal marks

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1. Explain in detail various voltage ratings and current ratings of a thyristor. [16]

2. Explain the operation of single phase half-controlled bridge converter with RL loadswith and without free wheeling diode. Also sketch circuit and waveforms for α =600. [8+8]

3. A three phase, six pulse fully controlled converter is connected to three phase acsupply of 440V and 50Hz and operates with a firing angle of π/5 radians. The loadcurrent is maintained constant at 5 Amps and load voltage is 440V. Calculate loadresistance, source inductance and overlap angle. [4+6+6]

4. A single phase ac voltage controller is connected to a resistive load of 10 ohms. Thesupply voltage is 230V, 50Hz. Determine the rms load voltage, rms load currentand input power factor for a trigger angle of 600. Sketch the output waveforms.

[4+2+4+6]

5. For a single phase mid-point cyclo-converter, explain the operation of the circuitwhen fed to R-load with the help of neat circuit diagram and relevant outputwaveforms for α = 300 and α = 1200 for f0 = 1/4 fs. [4+8+4]

6. Explain the operation of DC Jones chopper for RL loads with neat circuit diagramand output voltage and current waveforms. Also sketch firing signals. [4+7+5]

7. Draw and explain the simple SCR series inverter circuit employing class A typecommutation. With the help of important waveforms. State the limitations of thisinverter. [8+4+4]

8. What are the methods for voltage control within the inverters. Explain in detailwith waveforms. [16]

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1. Explain in detail various voltage ratings and current ratings of a thyristor. [16]

2. Explain the operation of a singe phase half wave converter for R-load with neatcircuit diagram and necessary waveforms. Also derive the output average voltageand current for α = 300. [12+4]

3. A 3-phase, full wave converter is connected to a 3-phase ac supply of 400V, 50Hz andoperates with a firing angle of π/4 rad. The load current is maintained constant at10 amps and load voltage is 360 V. Calculate source inductance and overlap angle.

[10+6]

4. The ac voltage controller uses on-off control for heating a resistive load of R = 4ohms and the input voltage is Vs = 208V, 60Hz. If the desired output power is P0

= 3KW, determine the

(a) duty cycle δ

(b) input power factor

(c) sketch waveforms for the duty cycle obtained in (a) [5+6+5]

5. Explain the operation of single phase midpoint cyclo converter with R-L load s forcontinuous conduction with relevant circuit diagram nd necessary output waveformsfor f0 = 1/3 fs. [4+6+6]

6. Explain the operation of DC Jones chopper for RL loads with neat circuit diagramand output voltage and current waveforms. Also sketch firing signals. [4+7+5]

7. Single phase half bridge inverter has a resistive load of R = 3 ohms and dc inputvoltage Edc = 50V. Calculate

(a) rms output voltage at fundamental frequency E1

(b) the output power

(c) average and peak current of each thyristor [6+4+6]

8. The single phase modified Me Murray full-bridge inverter is fed by dc source of300V. The d.c. source voltage may fluctuate by ±15% . The current during com-mutation may vary form 20 to 100A. Obtain the value of commutating components,if the thyristor turn-off time is 20 µs. Also compute the value of R. [16]

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1. Design a UJT relaxation oscillator to give an output frequency of 2KHz. Thespecifications of UJT are η =0.7, Ip = 0.4mA at Vp = 14V. The value of valleycurrent IV = 2.5mA at Vv = 1V, RBB = 4KΩ. Normal leakage current with emitterin off region = 4mA. The values of the charging capacitor is C=0.04µF. Calculatethe values of charging resistor R and load resistances R1 and R2. Also calculatethe max. and min. permissible values of R and the corresponding frequencies ofoperation. [5+5+6]

2. Explain the operation of single phase dual converter for RL loads with non-circulatingcurrent modes with circuit and necessary voltage and current waveforms. [12+4]

3. A three phase semi conductor is operated from a three phase star connected 220V,60Hz supply. The load current is continuous and has negligible ripple. The averageload current is Idc = 150A and commutating inductance per phase is Lc = 0.5mH.Determine the overlap angle if

(a) α=π/6

(b) α=π/3 [8+8]



(a) duty cycle δ




6. Explain the time ratio control and current limit control strategies used for choppers,with necessary waveforms and circuit. [8+8]

7. Draw and explain the simple SCR series inverter circuit employing class A typecommutation. With the help of important waveforms. State the limitations of thisinverter. [8+4+4]

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8. A single PWM full bridge inverter feeds an RL load with R = 10 ohms and L =10 mH. If the source voltage is 120V, find out the total harmonic distortion in theoutput voltage and in load current. The width of each pulse is 1200 and outputfrequency is 50Hz. [16]

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1. (a) Explain the necessity of series and parallel connection of SCRs.

(b) What is String efficiency in series and parallel connections.

(c) What are the problems arising in series and parallel connections. [4+4+8]

2. Explain the operation of a singe phase half wave converter for R-load with neatcircuit diagram and necessary waveforms. Also derive the output average voltageand current for α = 300. [12+4]

3. A 3-phase, full wave converter is connected to a 3-phase ac supply of 400V, 50Hz andoperates with a firing angle of π/4 rad. The load current is maintained constant at10 amps and load voltage is 360 V. Calculate source inductance and overlap angle.

[10+6]



(a) duty cycle δ




6. For the ideal type A-chopper circuit, following conditions are given, Edc = 220V,chopping frequency, = 500 Hz, duty cycle δ=0.3 and R = 1 ohm, L = 3mH and Eb

= 23V. Compute the following quantities.

(a) Check whether the load current is continuous or not.

(b) Average output current

(c) maximum and minimum values of steady state output current [6+4+6]

7. Explain the auxiliary impulse commutation techniques used in the bridge typesingle phase inverter with neat circuit diagram. [4+7+5]

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8. The single phase modified Me Murray full-bridge inverter is fed by dc source of300V. The d.c. source voltage may fluctuate by ±15% . The current during com-mutation may vary form 20 to 100A. Obtain the value of commutating components,if the thyristor turn-off time is 20 µs. Also compute the value of R. [16]

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Code No: S0403 Set No. 1

III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2009DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics &Telematics)

Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80Answer any FIVE Questions

All Questions carry equal marks? ? ? ? ?

1. (a) Show that in a PCM system, the output signal power to quantization noisepower ratio can be expressed as S/NQ = (3/2) (4fB/fm). Where fB is thechannel bandwidth and fm is the message bandwidth.

(b) The bandwidth of a TV radio plus audio signal is 4.5MHz. If this signal isconverted to PCM with 1024 quantizing levels. Determine the bit rate of theresulting PCM signal. Assume that the signal is sampled at a rate 20% abovethe Nyquist rate. [10+6]

2. (a) What is Delta modulation and compare with PCM?

(b) Discuss different types of noise effects in delta modulation. [8+8]

3. (a) A binary data is differentially encoded and modulates a PM transmitter toproduce a DPSK signal. The peak-to-peak phase deviation is 1800 and ‘fC ’ isharmonically related to the bit rate R.

i. Draw a block diagram for the transmitter including the differential en-coder.

ii. Show typical waveforms at various points on the block diagram if theinput data sequence is 01011000101.

(b) Compare PSK, DPSK and QPSK signaling schemes with neat diagrams.[8+8]

4. (a) Draw the block diagram of duo - binary PAM system and explain.

(b) Mention the drawbacks in duo - binary correlative level coding with neatwaveforms. [10+6]

5. (a) Derive expression for average self-information H(X).

(b) Prove that for the average self-information H(X) =log n. [16]

6. (a) What are the various characteristics of Ideal system? Explain.

(b) Does an Ideal system proposed by Shannon can be implemented in practice?Justify. [16]

7. Derive C = DGWhere C is code word length of n bits (C= (c1, c2, c3.......cn ))

D is message block as row vector where D= (d1, d2, d3.......dn)G is generator matrix. [16]

8. Explain various methods for describing Conventional Codes. [16]

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1. Two signals m1(t) and m2(t), each band limited to 4kHz are sampled at the Nyquistrate, PCM encoded and then time division multiplexed. The output SNR, includingthermal noise effects of each multiplexed signal is to be at least 30dB.

(a) Sketch the entire transmitter and receiver structure and Find the value of ‘N’.

(b) Minimum Si/N that is required if operation is to be above threshold. [10+6]

2. (a) Write short notes on

i. Granular Noise

ii. Slope overload distortion.

(b) Derive an expression for quantization noise in Delta modulation. [8+8]

3. (a) Derive the structure of a carrier recovery network for a QPSK signaling scheme.

(b) The bit stream 11011100101 is to be transmitted using DPSK. Determine theencoded sequence and the transmitted phase sequence. [8+8]

4. (a) What is meant by ISI? Explain how it differs from cross talk in the PAM.

(b) What is the ideal solution to obtain zero ISI and what is the disadvantage ofthis solution. [6+10]

5. One experiment has three mutual exclusive outcomes Aj, j =1, 2, 3 and secondexperiment has three mutually exclusive outcomes Bj, j=1, 2, 3. The joint proba-bilities P (A, B) areP (A1, B1) = 0.11 P (A1, B2) = 0.08 P (A1, B3) = 0.13P (A2, B1) = 0.15 P (A2, B2) = 0.03 P (A2, B3) = 0.09P (A3, B1) = 0.11 P (A3, B2) = 0.04 P (A3, B3) = 0.06With the given joint probabilities P (Ai, Bj), if the outcomes Ai, i=1, 2, 3, 4 ofexperiment A.Determine the Mutual Information I (Bj; Ai) for j=1, 2, 3 and i=1, 2, 3, 4, in bits.

[16]

6. (a) Calculate the bandwidth limits of Shannon-Hartley theorem.

(b) What is an Ideal system? What kind of method is proposed by Shannon foran Ideal system? [16]

7. Explain about block codes in which each block of k message bits encoded into blockof n>k bits with an example. [16]

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8. (a) What is a convolution code? How it is generated.

(b) Explain in detail the convolution coder with a suitable diagram. [16]

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1. (a) Explain µ - law and A - law companding technique?

(b) Approximate µ-law curve with µ = 100 by two-linear segments, one for 0<x≤0.1 and the other for 0.1 < x ≤ 1. Calculate S/Nq for S = -40, -10. Wherex(t) is input signal. [8+8]

2. (a) What is Delta modulation and compare with PCM?

(b) Discuss different types of noise effects in delta modulation. [8+8]

3. (a) Draw the signal space representation of MSK.

(b) Show that in a MSK signaling scheme, the carrier frequency in integral mul-tiple of ‘fb/4’ where ‘fb’ is the bit rate.

(c) Bring out the comparisons between MSK and QPSK.

4. (a) Mention the drawbacks in duo - binary coding and how these drawbacks canbe overcome by using modified duo - binary coding.

(b) Derive an expression for error probability of modified duo - binary PAM sys-tem. [8+8]

5. Consider the transmitting Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 by symbols 0, 10, 110, 111

(a) Is the code uniquely decipherable? That is for every possible sequence is thereonly one way of interpreting message.

(b) Calculate the average number of code bits per message. How does it comparewith H = 1.8 bits per messages. [16]

6. Find the capacity of discrete channel for the shown in figure 6. [16]

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Figure 6

7. Constrict the standard array for (6, 3) Linear Block Code for the given generatormatrix G. [16]

G =

∣

∣

∣

∣

∣

∣

100110010011001101

∣

∣

∣

∣

∣

∣

8. (a) What is a convolution code? How it is generated.

(b) Explain in detail the convolution coder with a suitable diagram. [16]

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1. (a) State sampling theorem for low pass signals and band pass signals.

(b) What is aliasing effect? How it can be eliminated? Explain with neat diagram.[4+4+8]

2. (a) The threshold value of Pe in DM systems is defined as the value of Pe forwhich the value of (S/N)o is 1dB below its maximum. Express the value of Pe

in terms of fs?, fx and f1.

(b) The input to a DM is m(t) = 0.01t. The DM operates at a sampling frequencyof 20Hz and has a step size of 2mV. Sketch the delta modulator output, ∆(t)

and∼

m(t). [10+6]

3. (a) A binary base band is passed through a raised cosine roll - off filter with a50% roll - off factor and is then modulated on to a carrier. The data rate is64kbits/sec. Evaluate

i. The absolute bandwidth of a resulting ASK signal.

ii. The approximate bandwidth of a resulting FSK signal when the markfrequency is 150kHz and the space frequency is 155kHz.

(b) Write the comparisons among binary modulated band pass signaling scheme(ASK, PSK and FSK). [10+6]

4. (a) Mention the drawbacks in duo - binary coding and how these drawbacks canbe overcome by using modified duo - binary coding.

(b) Derive an expression for error probability of modified duo - binary PAM sys-tem. [8+8]

5. Explain in detail about the concept of amount of information and state its proper-ties. [16]

6. (a) Calculate the bandwidth limits of Shannon-Hartley theorem.

(b) What is an Ideal system? What kind of method is proposed by Shannon foran Ideal system? [16]

7. Explain about block codes in which each block of k message bits encoded into blockof n>k bits with an example. [16]

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8. Draw and explain Trellis diagram of conventional encoder shown in figure 8 withrate=1/2, L=3. [16]

Figure 8

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III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2009PRINCIPLES OF PROGRAMMING LANGAUGES

(Computer Science & Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


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1. (a) Give an example of two language design criteria that are in direct conflict witheach other.

(b) How is a language implementation system interfaced to the processor?

(c) Is goto a good programming language construct. How does it affect readabil-ity? [4+6+6]

2. (a) Describe the operation of a general language recognizer.

(b) Compute the weakest precondition for each of the following sequences of as-signment statements and their post conditions.

i. a=2*b+1b=a-3b < 0

ii. a=3*(2*b+a)b=2*a-1b > 5

(c) What do you mean by recursive rule in CFG? Give examples for left recursiveand right recursive rules. What do left recursive and right recursive rulesspecify in a grammar? [4+4+8]

3. (a) What is aliasing? List the problems associated with it

(b) Write on decimal data types. What are the advantages and disadvantages ofdecimal data types?

(c) Evaluate various design choices of character strings. [5+5+6]

4. (a) Explain in detail counter-controlled loops.

(b) Discuss precedence and associativity rules of different programming languages.[8+8]

5. (a) What are advantages and disadvantages of dynamic local variables?

(b) In what ways coroutines different from conventional subprograms?

(c) What is parametric polymorphism? [5+6+5]

6. Explain the following terms :

(a) Message passing

(b) Concurrency in Ada

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(c) Monitors [6+5+5]

7. (a) Discuss about basic elements of prolog. Give examples.

(b) Write a prolog description of your family tree (based only on facts),going backto your grand parents and including all descendants. Be sure to include allrelationships. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain structures and arrays in ML give examples.

(b) Discuss briefly about expressions in ML. [8+8]

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1. (a) What constitutes a programming environment?

(b) How can user-defined operator overloading harm the readability of a program?

(c) What are the major influences on language design? [4+6+6]

2. (a) What do you mean by static semantics? Give examples of static semanticrules that are difficult and impossible to describe with BNF.

(b) A concise and understandable description of a programming language is es-sential to the language’s success. Comment on this.

(c) Define axiomatic semantics. Comment on its applicability. [5+5+6]

3. (a) Explain in detail dynamic type binding.

(b) What are primitive data types? Explain various primitive data types providedby most of the programming languages. [8+8]

4. Explain two-way selectors, their design issues, problems with nesting selectors. Howvarious programming languages resolve the problem? [16]




6. Explain the following terms :

(a) Message passing

(b) Concurrency in Ada

(c) Monitors [6+5+5]

7. (a) Write Prolog program to compute the sum of numbers using arrays.

(b) Explain exception handling in java. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain structures and arrays in ML give examples.

(b) Discuss briefly about expressions in ML. [8+8]

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1. (a) What are the factors that influence programming language design?

(b) Explain in detail various phases in the process of compilation. [8+8]

2. (a) Explain with an example how the weakest precondition for a “while” loop ofa language derived?

(b) The operators of Pascal are as follows: [8+8]

< <= = <> >= >

+ -* / mod

not

All of these operators are left associative. All operators on the same line havethe same precedence. The lines are in order of increasing precedence. Writean expression grammar for Pascal.

3. (a) What are the merits of subrange types?

(b) Define strong typing. Discuss how type checking is enforced in Fortran 95,Ada, C, C++, and Java.

(c) Explain associative arrays, their structure and operations. [4+6+6]

4. (a) Explain with examples narrowing and widening conversions.

(b) Explain with examples short-circuit evaluation.

(c) Write notes on operator and operand evaluation. [4+4+8]

5. Discuss the following and compare the merits and demerits of each.

(a) Call- by- value

(b) Call -by- reference

(c) Call-by- Name

(d) Call-by- value results [4+4+4+4]

6. (a) Discuss the design issues of abstract data types.

(b) What are the advantages of cooperation synchronization in java thread class?[8+8]

7. (a) Discuss about basic elements of prolog. Give examples.

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(b) Write a prolog description of your family tree (based only on facts),going backto your grand parents and including all descendants. Be sure to include allrelationships. [8+8]

8. (a) What is S-expression in LISP and how it is evaluated? Give examples.

(b) Write LISP Program segment for solving quadratic/equation. [8+8]

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1. (a) Give an example of two language design criteria that are in direct conflict witheach other.

(b) How is a language implementation system interfaced to the processor?

(c) Is goto a good programming language construct. How does it affect readabil-ity? [4+6+6]

2. (a) Define syntax and semantics.

(b) The levels of acceptance of any language depend on the language description.Comment on this.

(c) Define grammars, derivation and a parse tree. [4+6+6]

3. (a) Explain in detail dynamic type binding.

(b) Explain in detail various design issues of character string types. [8+8]

4. (a) Explain how C #′s switch statement is safer than that of Java.

(b) Explain with an example the do statement of Fortran95.

(c) What are the common solutions to the nesting problem of two-way selectors.[5+5+6]




6. (a) Discuss the design issues for concurrency.

(b) Explain the different states of task. [8+8]

7. Write the following statements in prolog:

(a) If Fido is yellow lab, then Fido is a dog

(b) If it is Tuesday and it is February, then there is school

(c) If Fred is a male and Fred is your parent, then Fred is your father

(d) If x is your parent, then x is your father or x is your mother [4+4+4+4]

8. (a) Compare structure programming and functional programming.

(b) What are the three features of Haskell that makes very different from schema?

(c) What is type inferencing used in ML? [6+6+4]

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III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2009BIO MEDICAL EQUIPMENT

(Bio-Medical Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


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1. Explain how medical instrumentation differs from industrial instrumentation. [16]

2. With respect to ECG, draw the PCG wave form and explain the various soundsinvolved with their frequency range. [16]

3. Explain the terms related to Blood PH :

(a) PH measurement

(b) Glass electrode

(c) Electrodes. [6+5+5]

4. With a block diagram of bedside patient monitor explain its working. [16]

5. With a schematic diagram of a diagnostic stimulating unit explain in detail theprocedures involved in the therapy. [16]

6. Explain in detail the principle, working and application of I A B P. [16]

7. In detail discuss the various terms related to ventilators. Draw neat sketches ifrequired. [16]

8. (a) What are the differences between macroshock and microshock? Explain.

(b) Write a note on precautions to minimize shock hazards. [10+6]

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1. In order to record EMG, which type of recorder is preferred, bring out the reasonsclearly. [16]

2. With a block diagram explain the features, lead configuration, working and appli-cation of ECG machine. [16]

3. With a neat sketch explain the operation of Auto analyzers. [16]

4. (a) Explain the process of Holter monitoring and its use.

(b) Explain the process of exercise stress testing. [8+8]

5. (a) Explain the principle of high frequency heat therapy.

(b) With a circuit diagram explain shortwave diathermy unit. [6+10]

6. Draw a neat diagram showing functional details of a bubble, thin film and mem-brane types of blood oxygenation. [16]

7. Explain the following terms related to ventilators:

(a) Humidifiers

(b) Neubilisers. [8+8]

8. Discuss in detail the precautions to minimize electric shock hazards. [16]

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1. (a) With a neat sketch explain the working of an ink jet recorder.

(b) Describe the working of potentiometric recorder. [8+8]

2. Explain with a diagram the principle working and use of Opthalmoscope. [16]

3. (a) Describe the ‘Picoscale’ blood cell counter with a neat diagram.

(b) Explain the Coulter principle of measurement. [8+8]

4. Describe the various kinds of BP monitors highlighting their features and workingprocedures. [16]

5. (a) Explain the principle of high frequency heat therapy.

(b) With a circuit diagram explain shortwave diathermy unit. [6+10]

6. With respect to Heart Lung machine explain the following: [16]

(a) principle

(b) Qualitative requirements

(c) Working.

7. Explain the electronics involved in the anaesthetic machine. [16]

8. (a) What is leakage current in the patient instrumentation system. Explain theeffects of current on the human body.

(b) Write a note on Isolation grounding systems. [10+6]

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1. (a) With a neat sketch explain the working of an ink jet recorder.

(b) Describe the working of potentiometric recorder. [8+8]

2. With respect to ECG, draw the PCG wave form and explain the various soundsinvolved with their frequency range. [16]

3. With a neat sketch explain the operation of Auto analyzers. [16]

4. With a neat block diagram of apnoea monitor explain its working and use. [16]

5. With a block diagram explain in detail the working of ultrasonic therapy unit. [16]

6. (a) What is blood oxygenator? Classify them. With a neat figure give the con-struction details and features of the Dewall oxygenator.

(b) Explain with a schematic arrangement the advantages and disadvantages ofusing patient’s lungs for gas exchange in a heart lung machine. [7+9]

7. In detail discuss the different types of Ventillators. [16]

8. Discuss in detail the precautions to minimize electric shock hazards. [16]

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III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2009WEB TECHNOLOGIES(Information Technology)



1. (a) Explain the following terms related to CSS:

i. Font size

ii. Font weight

iii. Font strech

iv. Text decoration

v. Text transformation

vi. Text alignment

vii. Padding

viii. Border style.

(b) Explain the various ways you can reference a color in CSS. [8+8]

2. (a) Compare and contrast HTML and DHTML.

(b) Write a javascript to validate a form consisting of a username. Also navigateto another web page after validation. [8+8]

3. (a) Explain the use of XML schema in the web designing application.

(b) Write about the importance of namespaces in XML. [8+8]

4. Take the T ickTock Bean available in BDK, build an application which controls theColors Bean. Develop the necessary code to exhibit the bound properties of javabeans with the above mentioned beans. [16]

5. (a) List and explain the classes of javax.servlet.http package.

(b) Describe HttpSessionBindingListener Interface. [8+8]

6. (a) Develop a JSP to accept users first name and then welcome the user by name.

(b) Discuss about javax.servlet.jsp.tagext package. [10+6]

7. Develop a JSP to maintain a guest book, that enables users to place their firstname, last name and e-mail address in to a guest-book database. After submittingtheir information, users see a web page containing all the users in the guest book.Each e- mail address is display as a hyperlink. [16]

8. (a) Explain the functionality of JDBC package.

(b) Discuss the JDBC architecture. [8+8]

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1. Explain the following terms related to HTML table:

(a) Cell padding and spacing

(b) Borders

(c) Formatting content in Table cells

(d) Nested tables. [4+4+4+4]



3. Design an XML schema for hospital information management. Include every featureavailable with schema. [16]

4. (a) What is BeanInfo Interface? Explain the importance of a BeanInfor Interface.

(b) Create a simple code which utilizes the BeanInfo interface effectively. [8+8]

5. What is a servlet? Explain lifecycle of a servlet. Illustrate with an example pro-gram. [16]

6. (a) Explain the lifecycle of JSP.

(b) Discuss the JSP standard actions. [8+8]

7. Discuss about of session scope- manually and automatically with suitable examples.[16]

8. What is a framework? Why is it useful for application development? Explain indetail struts framework. [16]

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1. (a) Create a simple HTML page which demonstrates the use of the various typesof lists. Try adding a definition list which uses an unordered list to defineterms.

(b) Write a program to construct a binary tree and to traverse the same in post-order. [8+8]

2. (a) Develop a javascript to determine whether a given number is an ‘ARMSTRONGNUMBER’ or not. [Eg: 153 is an Armstrong number, since sum of the cubeof the digits is equal to the number i.e.,13 + 53+ 33 = 153]

(b) Describe the various Date Objects with suitable examples. [8+8]

3. (a) With a suitable example explain the creation of namespaces in XML.

(b) Explain the various types of XML schema data types used. [8+8]

4. (a) Discuss the advantages of java beans.

(b) What are application builder tools? Explain the capabilities of the applicationbuilder tools. [8+8]

5. (a) Explain the method of reading the names and values of parameters that areincluded in a client request. Illustrate with an example program.

(b) Discuss the methods defined by ServletRequest interface. [8+8]

6. Explain JSP application design with suitable example? [16]

7. (a) Explain how a server generates dynamic content.

(b) Give a note on request time errors. [8+8]

8. Write a program to update the salaryRs.6000/- for an employee name like “P.Ramu” using prepared statement. [16]

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1. (a) Create a simple HTML page which demonstrates the use of the various typesof lists. Try adding a definition list which uses an unordered list to defineterms.

(b) Write a program to construct a binary tree and to traverse the same in post-order. [8+8]



3. (a) What is a namespace? Describe how a namespace is created with a relevantexample.

(b) Define an XML schema. Show how an XML schema can be created. [8+8]

4. (a) Explain the following given classes and their usage:

i. IntrospectionException

ii. EventSetDescriptor.

iii. BeanDescriptor

iv. FeatureDescriptor.

(b) “EJB is a managed, server-sided component for modular construction of en-terprise applications” -Justify this statement and explain the cause. [8+8]

5. Discuss how servlets can be used to extend a web server’s functionality. [16]

6. (a) What are the limitations of Servlets? How JSP over comes these Problems.

(b) Discuss about Tomcat Server. [8+8]

7. Develop a JSP with a bean to rotate advertisements, where advertisements areimages. [16]

8. (a) Explain the functionality of JDBC package.

(b) Discuss the JDBC architecture. [8+8]

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III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2009COMPUTER GRAPHICS

(Electronics & Computer Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


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1. (a) List and explain the applications of Computer Graphics.

(b) With a neat cross- sectional view explain the functioning of CRT devices.[8+8]

2. (a) Implement the line-type function with a mid-point line algorithm to displayeither solid, dashed on dotted lines.

(b) Devise a parallel method for implementing the line-width function. [8+8]

3. (a) Describe the transformation that rotates an object point Q(x,y), θ0 about a

fixed center of rotation p(h,k).

(b) Magnify the triangle with vertices A(0,0), B(1,1) and C(5,2) to twice its size,while keeping C(5,2) fixed. [8+8]

4. (a) Explain the procedure to determine whether a polygon edge intersects a win-dow edge or not.

(b) Justify that the Sutherland-Hodgeman algorithm is suitable for clipping con-cave polygons also. [8+8]

5. List and describe the algorithm steps of any two shading models for polygons.Compare them. [16]

6. Explain how the shearing of an object with respect to the three coordinate axes areimplemented. What are the corresponding input values for the shearing parameters.

[16]

7. (a) Explain the possible relationships between polygon surfaces while implement-ing area-subdivision method. How to handle these cases.

(b) Illustrate with an example a scence consisting of three or more planes andexplain how the BSP tree is constructed to represent the scene. [8+8]

8. Briefly explain about the following:

(a) Constraint based system

(b) Tracking live action

(c) Actor. [16]

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1. List the operating characterstics of

(a) Raster refresh systems

(b) Vector refresh systems

(c) Plasma panel

(d) LCDs. [4×4=16]

2. (a) What are the steps involved in parallel version of Bresenham?s line algorithmfor slopes in the range O <m <1.

(b) What are the steps involved in flood-fill algorithm. [8+8]

3. (a) Express as a composite transformation matrix, the transformation which mag-nifies an object about its center C (h,k). by s units in each direction.

(b) Derive the transformation that rotates an object point θ about the origin.Write the matrix representation for their rotation. [8+8]

4. (a) What is the significance of 4-bit code in Cohen-Sutherland algorithm. Explainthe cases of line clipping in this algorithm.

(b) Explain how to determine whether a polygon vertex is inside or outside awindow edge. [8+8]

5. (a) Distinguish between boundary representation and space-partitioning represen-tation of solid object representation schemes.

(b) List and describe the polygon tables representation for polygon surfaces of a3-D object. Give an example. [8+8]

6. Derive the transformation which aligns the vector V = I + J + K such that it alignswith vector K along Z-axis. [16]

7. (a) Write an algorithm to display the visible surfaces of a convex polyhedron usingthe depth-sort (painter’s) algorithm.

(b) Explain how the visible surfaces of a polyhedron are determined using BSP-tree method. [8+8]

8. Define an animation specification involving both acceleration and deceleration andimplement the in between spacing calculations. [16]

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1. List the operating characterstics of

(a) Raster refresh systems

(b) Vector refresh systems

(c) Plasma panel

(d) LCDs. [4×4=16]

2. (a) What are the steps involved in parallel version of Bresenham?s line algorithmfor slopes in the range O <m <1.

(b) What are the steps involved in flood-fill algorithm. [8+8]

3. (a) Describe the transformation which reflects an object about an arbitrary lineL.

(b) What is the relationship among rotation (Rθ) , inverse rotation (R−θ) and

coordinate rotation (R1

θ). [8+8]

4. (a) List the algorithms which are suitable for line clipping when the clippingpolygon is non-rectangular window.

(b) Explain about the following categories of lines with respect to rectangularclipping window. [8+8]

i. Completely visible

ii. Clipping-candidate

iii. Completely invisible.

5. (a) Distinguish between boundary representation and space-partitioning represen-tation of solid object representation schemes.

(b) List and describe the polygon tables representation for polygon surfaces of a3-D object. Give an example. [8+8]

6. Prove that the multiplication of three-dimensional transformation matrices for eachof the following sequence of operations is commutative.

(a) Any two successive translations

(b) Any two successive saling operations

(c) Any two successive rotations about any one of the coordinate axes. [16]

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7. (a) If the camera viewing direction is V and the surface normal of plane is N, howto determine whether the surface visible with respect to viewing direction ornot.

(b) Explain the depth-buffer method for elimination of hidden surfaces. [16]

8. Describe the features of animation language key frame systems with suitable illus-trations. [16]

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1. (a) Consider a non interlaced raster monitor with a resolution of n by m (m scanlines and n pixels per scan line), a refresh rate of r frames per second, ahorizontal retrace time of t horiz and vertical retrace time of tvert. What isthe fraction of total refresh time per frame spent in retrace of the electronbeam.

(b) Explain the applications for large-screen displays. What graphical outputdevices support it? [12+4]

2. (a) Discuss how the parallelism is achieved in line drawing algorithm by Bresen-ham’s approach.

(b) What is meant by symmetry property of circle. What are its advantages incircle generation. List the transformations which are used in circle generation.

[8+8]

3. (a) Show that the composition of two rotations is additive by concatenating thematrix representations for R(θ1) R(θ2) = R(θ1 + θ2).

(b) Give a brief note about the following transformations. [8+8]

i. Reflection

ii. Shear.

4. Explain the algorithm for line clipping using cyrus-Beck algorithm. Illustrate withsuitable examples. [16]

5. (a) Distinguish between uniform non-rational B-splines and non-uniform non-rational B-splines.

(b) Distinguish between Baziers curve and B-spline curve. [8+8]

6. Define tilting as a rotation about the x-axis followed by a rotation about the y-axis.If θx, θy are the rotations about x and y-axis.

(a) Find the tilting matrix

(b) Docs the order of performing the rotation matter. [16]

7. (a) How does the z-buffer algorithm determine which surfaces are hidden.

(b) Show how the calculation of the intersection of an edge with a scan line canbe made incremental as opposed to absolute. [8+8]

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8. Define an animation specification involving both acceleration and deceleration andimplement the in between spacing calculations. [16]

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