PROJECT REPORTON

CENTRALIZED ENVIRONMENT MONITORING SYSTEM USING GSM CONTROL FACILITY

(B.TECH FINAL YEAR PROJECT)(2012-2013)

SUBMITTED BY :SHOBHIT KUMAR JAIN (0903031098)RAVI KUMAR GUPTA (0903010075)

PIYUSH GOEL (0903031074)SUMIT KAPOOR (0903031104)

UNDER GUIDANCE OF:Ms. SHAFALI JAGGA

Submitted to faculty of engineering , U.P. Technical University, in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGYIN

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONDEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

INDERPRASTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE,GHAZIABAD

UTTAR PRADESH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITYMAY 8 , 2013

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Project Report entitled “CENTRALIZED ENVIRONMENT MONITORING SYSTEM USING GSM CONTROL FACILITY” which is submitted by SHOBHIT KUMAR JAIN, RAVI KUMAR GUPTA, PIYUSH GOEL and SUMIT KAPOOR in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology in Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering from INDERPRASTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE affiliated to Gautam Buddh Technical University , under the guidance of Ms. SHAFALI JAGGA.

It is a record of the candidates own work carried out by them under our supervision. The matter embodied in this thesis is original and has not been submitted for the award of any other degree by the candidate or to anybody else.

Ms. Shafali Jagga Prof. A.K. Giri(Project Guide) (Head of Department)

(Electronics & Communication Engineering)

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this submission is our own work and it, to the best of our knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor any material, which to substantial extent has been expected the award of any other degree of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text.

Name: SHOBHIT KR. JAIN Name: RAVI KR. GUPTA

Roll no: 0903031098 Roll No: 0903010075

Date: Date:

Signature: Signature:

Name: PIYUSH GOEL Name: SUMIT KAPOOR

Roll no: 0903031074 Roll no: 0903031104

Date: Date:

Signature: Signature:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTFirst of all we would like to thank our family and friends for making us worthy to reach this stage of life

We express our deep gratitude to our project guide and supervisor Ms. Shafali Jagga , of department of Electronics & Communication Engineering for her guidance in the execution of this project. It was indeed a great pleasure to work under the genesis of such unerring teacher, perfectionist and a person of ever helping nature. We are specially grateful for all the help she has provided and all the resources she made available without which this project would not have been possible.

We would also like to extend our deep sense of gratitude toward professor A.K Giri (HOD) of department of Electronics & Communication Engineering for his guidance and help through this project.

Also we would like to thank to Mr. M.S Giri for his guidance in microcontroller programming and also we would like to thank to our friends who helped us during this project.

SHOBHIT KR. JAIN

RAVI KR. GUPTA

PIYUSH GOEL

SUMIT KAPOOR

INDEXABSTRACT

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

CHAPTER 11) INTRODUCTION

1.1 GSM MODEM

1.2 MICROCONTROLLER

1.3 SENSORS

1.3.1 TEMPERATURE SENSOR

1.3.2 HUMIDITY SENSOR

1.4 POWER SUPPLY

1.5 BLOCK DIAGRAM

1.6 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

CHAPTER 2

CHAPTER 33) PROGRAMMING

CHAPTER 44.1 ADVANTAGES

4.2 APPLICATIONS

4.3 CONCLUSION

REFRENCES

DATA SHEETS

APPENDIX

ABSTRACT

This project is aimed at developing a centralized monitoring system for industrial automation. This system contains certain sensors which continuously monitor parameters at the workplace, and transmit those values to the controller at any remote location via a GSM link.

Here we have interfaced temperature sensor LM-35, humidity sensor SYH-235 and GSM modem SIM-300 with the microcontroller Atmega16, the output values of the two sensors is displayed on a 16×2 LCD.

If the temperature value exceeds a predefined limit, the system automatically transmits a warning signal to the controller via a GSM link, and the controller can give control signals to the system via the same GSM link.

LIST OF FIGURES

1) FIGURE OF GSM MODEM

2) FIGURE OF MICROCONTROLLER Atmega16

3) BLOCK DIAGRAM OF MICROCONTROLLER Atmega16

4)

5)

6) BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE PROJECT

7) CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF THE PROJECT

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS1) GSM GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION

2) SMS SHORT MESSAGE SERVICE

3) MMS MULTIMEDIA MESSAGE SERVICE

4) SIM SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY MODULE

5) USB UNIVERSAL SERIAL PORT

6) MODEM MODULATOR DEMODULATOR

7) LCD LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

8) MMS MULTIMEDIA MESSAGE SERVICE

CHAPTER 1(INTRODUCTION)

INTRODUCTION

GSM MODEMA GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. From the mobile operator perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile phone.

When a GSM modem is connected to a computer, this allows the computer to use the GSM modem to communicate over the mobile network. While these GSM modems are most frequently used to provide mobile internet connectivity, many of them can also be used for sending and receiving SMS and MMS messages.

A GSM modem exposes an interface that allows applications such as Now SMS to send and receive messages over the modem interface. The mobile operator charges for this message sending and receiving as if it was performed directly on a mobile phone. To perform these tasks, a GSM modem must support an "extended AT command set" for sending/receiving SMS messages, as defined in the ETSI GSM 07.05 and 3GPP TS 27.005 specifications.

GSM modems can be a quick and efficient way to get started with SMS, because a special subscription to an SMS service provider is not required. In most parts of the world, GSM modems are a cost effective solution for receiving SMS messages, because the sender is paying for the message delivery. A GSM modem can be a dedicated modem device with a serial, USB or Bluetooth connection, such as the Falcom Samba 75.

To begin, insert a GSM SIM card into the modem and connect it to an available USB port on your computer.

AT command set" for sending/receiving SMS messages, as defined in ETSI GSM 07.05 and/or 3GPP TS 27.005, can be supported by the Now SMS & MMS Gateway. Note that not all mobile phones support this modem interface.

Due to some compatibility issues that can exist with mobile phones, using a dedicated GSM modem is usually preferable to a GSM mobile phone.

This is more of an issue with MMS messaging, where if you wish to be able to receive inbound MMS messages with the gateway, the modem interface on most GSM phones will only allow driver to connection you to send MMS messages.

A GSM modem could also be a standard GSM mobile phone with the appropriate cable and software ect to a serial port or USB port on your computer. Any phone that supports the "extended" because the mobile phone automatically processes received MMS message notifications without forwarding them via the modem interface.

It should also be noted that not all phones support the modem interface for sending and receiving SMS messages. In particular, most smart phones,

including Blackberries, iPhone, and Windows Mobile devices, do not support this GSM modem.

Semen's GSM/GPRS Smart Modem is a multi-functional, ready to use, rugged unit that can be embedded or plugged into any application. The Smart Modem can be controlled and customized to various levels by using the standard AT commands.

The modem is fully type-approved, it can speed up the operational time with full range of Voice, Data, Fax and Short Messages (Point to Point and Cell Broadcast), the modem also supports GPRS (Class 2*) for spontaneous data transfer.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INTERFACES:

The modem comprises several interfaces:

- LED Function including operating Status

- External antenna

- Serial and control link

- Power Supply (via AC Adopter)

- SIM card holder

LED Status Indicator :

The LED will indicate different status of the modem:

- OFF Modem Switched off

- ON Modem is connecting to the network

- Flashing Slowly Modem is in idle mode

- Flashing rapidly Modem is in

Transmission/communication (GSM only)

MICROCONTROLLER (ATmega16)ATmega is a low power, high performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced RISC Architecture.

By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega16 achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the system designer to optimize power consumption versus processing speed.

It is a 40 pin IC.

ATmega16 has 16 Kbytes of In-System Programmable Flash Program memory with Read-While-Write capabilities, 512 bytes EEPROM, 1Kbyte SRAM, 32 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers.

The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high density nonvolatile memory technology. The Onchip ISP Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system through an SPI serial interface, by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

PIN DESCRIPTION Pin 1-Pin 8: 8-bit bi-directional I/O port

Pin 9: Reset Input

Pin 10: Digital Supply Voltage

Pin 11: Ground

Pin 12: Output from the inverting Oscillator amplifier

Pin 13: Input to the inverting Oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit

Pin 14-Pin 21: 8-bit bi-directional I/O port

Pin 22-Pin 29: 8-bit bi-directional I/O port

Pin 30: AVCC is the supply voltage pin for Port A and the A/D Converter. It should be externally connected to VCC, even if the ADC is not used. If the ADC is used, it should be connected to VCC through a low-pass filter

Pin 31: Ground

Pin 32: AREF is the analog reference pin for the A/D Converter

Pin 33-Pin 40: Port A serves as the analog inputs to the A/D Converter. Port A also serves as an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port, if the A/D Converter is not used

GPS BASED TRACKING SYSTEM(B.TECH FINAL YEAR PROJECT)

SUBMITTED BY:TAHSEEN AKHTAR(0903031059)

DRONA(0903031038)NAVEEN KUMAR(1003031905)CHANDAN GUPTA(0903031029)

UNDER GUIDANCE OF:MRS. AARTI SHARMA

Submitted to the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree ofBachelor of Technology

inELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

INDERPRASTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGEGautamBuddh Technical University

May(2012-2013)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Declaration………………………………………… iiCertificate………………………………………….. iiiAcknowledgement………………………………….. ivAbstract…………………………………………….. vList of Figures………………………………………. viList of Symbols……………………………………… viiList of Abbreviations………………………………… viii

CHAPTER 11.1 Introduction1.1 GPS & GSM MODEM1.2 Microcontroller (PIC16F877A)1.3 Commands1.4 Power Supply1.5 Block Diagram1.6 Circuit Diagram

CHAPTER 22.1 Working

CHAPTER 33.1 Programming

CHAPTER 44.1 Application4.2 Advantages/Disadvantages

CHAPTER 55.1 Future of GPS Technology5.2 Conclusion

APPENDIX AAPPENDIX BREFERENCES

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this submission is our own work and that, to the best of our knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text.

Name: MD. TAHSEEN AKHTAR Name: DRONARoll No: 0903031059 Roll No: 0903031038 Date: Date:Signature: Signature:

Name: NAVEEN KUMAR Name: CHANDAN GUPTA Roll No: 1003031905 Roll No: 0903031029 Date: Date:Signature: Signature:

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Project Report entitled “GPS Based Tracking System” which is submitted by TahseenAkhtar, Drona, Naveen Kumar, Chandan Gupta in partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology in Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering from Inderprastha Engineering College, Ghaziabad affiliated to Uttar Pradesh Technical University, under the guidance of Mrs. Aarti Sharma.

It is a record of the candidates own work carried out by them under our supervision. The matter embodied in this thesis is original and has not been submitted for the award of any other degree.

Date: Supervisor:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the B. Tech Project undertaken during B. Tech Final Year. We owe special debt of gratitude to Associate Prof.MrsAarti Sharma, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, for her constant support and guidance throughout the course of our work. Her sincerity, thoroughness and perseverance have been a constant source of inspiration for us. It is only her cognizant efforts that our endeavors have seen light of the day.We also take the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of Prof. A.K. Giri, Dean & Head of Department of Electronics&Communication Engineering, for his full support and assistance during the development of the project.We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of Prof. M.S. Giri for his valuable support and all other faculty members of the department for their kind assistance and cooperation during the development of our project. Last but not the least, we acknowledge our friends for their contribution in the completion of the project.

TAHSEEN AKHTAR DRONA NAVEENKUMAR

CHANDAN GUPTAABSTRACT

This proposed work is an attempt to design a tracking unit that uses the global positioning system to determine the precise location of an object, person or other asset to which it is attached and using GSM modem this information can be transmit to remote user. It can provide tele-monitoring system for inter-cities transportation vehicles such as taxis and buses. This system contains single-board embedded system that is equipped with GPS and GSM modems that is installed in the vehicle. During object motion, its location can be reported by SMS message. A software package is developed to read, process, analyze and store the incoming SMS messages. The use of GSM and GPS technologies allows the system to track object and provides the most up-to-date information about ongoing trips. If a password like SMS is sent by the owner, or we can use it for different other work, it can provide real time control. This system finds its application in real time traffic surveillance. The current system can be able to provide monitoring process from anywhere. The purpose of this system is to design and integrate a new system which is integrated with GPS- GSM to provide following feature: a) Location information, b) Real time tracking using SMS, c) Track bus driver activity d) Communication is instantaneous therefore we can receive running report quickly.

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF SYMBOLS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

GPS – Global Positioning SystemGSM – Global System of Mobile CommunicationGPRS – General Packet Radio ServiceGIS – Geographical Information System

INTRODUCTION

The Global positioning system is a technology, which provides unequalled accuracy and flexibility of positioning for navigation,

surveying and GIS data capture. This wonderful navigation technology was actually first available for government use back in the late 1970s. The Global Positioning System is a radio based navigation system that gives three dimensional coverage of the earth, 24 hours a day in any weather conditions throughout the world.A GPS tracking unit is a device that uses the Global Positioning System to determine the precise location of a vehicle, person or other asset to which it is attached and to record the position of the asset at regular intervals.The recorded location data can be stored within the tracking unit or it may be transmitted to a central location data base, or internet connected computer using a cellular (SMS), radio or satellite modem embedded in the unit.This allows the asset’s location to be displayed against a map backdrop either in real time or when analyzing the track later, using GPS tracking software.GPS Tracking system is method to locate the exact location of a receiver (tracking unit) on the earth.

GPS – BASIC CONCEPT

By positioning we understand the determination of stationary or moving objects. These can be determined as follows:1.In relation to a well-defined coordinate system, usually by three coordinate values.2.In relation to other point, taking one point as the origin of a local coordinate system. The first mode of positioning is known as point positioning, the second as relative positioning. If the object to be positioned is stationary, we term it as static positioning. When the object is moving, we call it kinematic positioning. Usually, the static positioning is used in surveying and the kinematic position in

navigation.Developed by the U.S. Department of Defense for the military, the Global Positioning System (GPS) is a worldwide, satellite-based, radio navigation system that will give you the exact position of your vehicles, no matter where they are, what time it is, or what the weather is like. A total of 24 satellites orbit the Earth, monitored continuously by earth stations. The satellites transmit signals that can be detected by GPS receivers located in your vehicles and used to determine their location with great accuracy.

GPS - COMPONENTS AND BASIC FACTSThe GPS uses satellites and computers to compute positionsanywhereon earth. The GPS is based on satellite ranging. That means theposition on the earth is determined by measuring the distance from agroup of satellites in space. The basic principles behind GPS are reallysimple, even though the system employs some of the most high-techequipment ever developed. In order to understand GPS basics, thesystem can be categorized intoFIVE logical Steps-

1. Triangulation from the satellite is the basis of the system.2. To triangulate, the GPS measures the distance using thetravel

time of the radio message.3. To measure travel time, the GPS need a very accurate clock.4. Once the distance to a satellite is known, then we need to

know where the satellite is in space.5. As the GPS signal travels through the ionosphere and

theearth's atmosphere, the signal is delayed.6. To compute a positions in three dimensions. We need tohave

four satellite measurements. The GPS uses atrigonometric approach to calculate the positions, The GPSsatellites are so high up that their orbits are verypredictable and each of the satellites is equipped with a very accurate atomic clock.

How does GPS work?Each GPS satellite transmits radio signals that enable the GPS receivers to calculate where its (or your vehicles) location on the Earth and convert the calculations into geodetic latitude, longitude and velocity. A receiver needs signals from atleast three GPS satellites to pinpoint your vehicle’s position.GPS Receivers commonly used in most Vehicle tracking systems can only receive data from GPS Satellites. They cannot communicate back with GPS or any other satellite.A system based on GPS can only calculate its location but cannotsend it to central control room.

GSM MODEM

A GSM Modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. From the mobile operator perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile phone.When a GSM modem is connected to a computer, this allows the computer to use the GSM modem to communicate over the mobile network. While these GSM modems are most frequently used to provide mobile internet connectivity, many of them can also be used for sending and receiving SMS and MMS messages.A GSM modem exposes an interface that allows applications such as now SMS to send and receive messages over the modem interface. The mobile operator charges for this messages sending and receiving as if it was performed directly on a mobile phone. To perform these tasks, a GSM modem must support an “extended AT command set” for sending and receiving SMS messages as defined in the ETSI GSM 07.05 and 3GPP TS 27.005 specifications.GSM modems can be a quick and efficient way to get started with SMS, because a special subscription to an SMS service provider is not required. In most parts of the world, GSM modems are a cost effective solution for receiving SMS messages, because the sender is paying for the message delivery. A GSM modem can be a

dedicated modem device with a serial, USB or Bluetooth connection, such as the Falcom Samba 75.To begin, insert a GSM SIM card into the modem and connect it to an available USB port on your computer.AT command set for sending/receiving SMS messages, as defined in ETSI GSM 07.05 and/or 3GPP TS 27.005, can be supported by now SMS and MMS Gateway. Note that not all mobile phones support this modem interface.Due to some compatibility issues that can exist with mobile phones, using a dedicated GSM modem is usually preferable to a GSM mobile phone. This is more of an issue with MMS messaging, where if you wish to be able to receive inbound MMS messages with the Gateway, the modem interface on most GSM phones will only allow driver to connect you to send MMS messages.A GSM modem could also be a standard GSM mobile phone with the appropriate cable and software to a serial port or USB port on your computer. Any phone that supports the extended because the mobile phone automatically processes received MMS message notifications without forwarding them via the modem interface.It should also be noted that not all phones support the modem interface for sending and receiving SMS messages. In particular, most smart phones, including Blackberries, iPhone and Windows Mobile devices, do not support this GSM modem interface for sending and receiving SMS messages at all. Additionally, Nokia phones that use S60 interface, which is Symbian based, only support sending SMS messages via the modem interface and do not support receiving SMS via the modem interface. Semen’s GSM smart modem is a multifunctional , ready to use rugged unit that can be embedded or plugged into any application. The smart modem can be controlled and customized to various levels by using standard AT commands.The modem is fully type approved, it can speed up the operational time with full range of voice, data, fax and short messages (point to point and cell broadcast).

Description of the Interfaces :The modem comprises several interfaces-

1. LED function including operating status2. External antenna3. Serial and control link4. Power supply5. SIM card holder

LED Status Indicator :The LED will indicate different status of the modem:

1. OFF – Modem switched off2. ON - Modem is connecting to the network3. Flashing slowly –Modem is in idle mode4. Flashing rapidly – Modem is in transmission/communication

MICROCONTROLLER

COMMANDS

There are various types of AT Commands used, but only a limited no. of commands are used in this project.

AT + CMGF =1 (Set the text mode)

AT + CSCS = “GSM” (GSM character text mode)

AT + CSAS = 0 (Save SMS Profile)

AT + CMGS = “Telephone No.” (Carriage return)

(Message)

Ctrl +Z (Carriage return)

WORKING OF GPS

CALCULATING A POSITIONA GPS receiver calculates its position by a technique called satellite ranging, which involves measuring the distance between

the GPS receiver and the GPS satellites it is tracking. The range (the range a receiver calculates is actually a pseudo range, or an estimate of range rather than a true range) or distance, is measured as elapsed transit time. The position of each satellite is known, and the satellites transmit their positions as part of the "messages" they send via radio waves. The GPS receiver on the ground is the unknown point, and must compute its position based on the information it receives from the satellites.

MEASURING DISTANCE TO SATELLITESThe first step in measuring the distance between the GPS receiver anda satellite requires measuring the time it takes for the signal to travelfrom the satellite to the receiver. Once the receiver knows how muchtime has elapsed, it multiplies the travel time of the signal times the speed of light (because the satellite signals travel at the speed of light,approximately 186,000 miles per second) to compute the distance.Distance measurements to four satellites are required to compute a 3-dimensional (latitude, longitude and altitude) position.In order to measure the travel time of the satellite signal, the receiverhas to know when the signal left the satellite and when the signalreached the receiver. Knowing when the signal reaches the receiver iseasy; the GPS receiver just "checks" its internal clock when the signalarrives to see what time it is. But how does it "know" when the signalleft the satellite? All GPS receivers are synchronized with the satellitesso they generate the same digital code at the same time. When theGPS receiver receives a code from a satellite, it can look back in itsmemory bank and "remember" when it emitted the same code. Thislittle "trick" allows the GPS receiver to determine when the signal left the satellite.

USING DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS TO CALCULATE ITS POSITIONOnce the receiver has the distance measurements, it's basically a problem of geometry. If it "knows" where the four satellites are,

and how far it is fromeach satellite, it can compute its location through triangulation.

1. The GPS receiver "locks on" to one satellite and calculates therange to be 12,000 miles. This fact helps narrow the receiverlocation down, but it only tells us that we are somewhere on asphere which is centered on the satellite and has a 12000 miles as radius.

2. Now, consider that the receiver picks up a signal from a secondsatellite and calculates the range between the receiver and thesatellite to be 10,000 miles. That means we are also somewhereon a sphere with a 10,000 mile radius with the second satellite atthe center. We must, therefore, be somewhere where these twospheres intersect. When the two spheres intersect, a circle is formed,so we must be somewhere on that circle.

3. If the receiver picks up another satellite, say at 11,000 milesaway, another sphere is formed, and there are only two pointswhere the three spheres intersect.

APPLICATIONS

Global Positioning Systems is in fact is available to users at anyposition worldwide at any time. With a fully operational GPS system, itcan be generated to a large community of

likely to grow as there aremultiple applications, ranging from surveying, mapping, and navigationto GIS data capture.There are countless GPS applications, a few important ones arecovered in the following passage.

• Military (DoD) – civilian uses now exceed military• A ‘Free Utility’ maintained by the Air Force• Space Travel (NASA)• Survey, Mapping & GIS• Resource and Asset Management

Environmental & ForestryMining, Oil & Gas

• Agriculture• Utilities & Construction• Transportation• Vehicle Security (Fleet Management)• Public Safety

Emergency Management, Search & RescueCrime Prevention

• Timing & Synchronization(banking, telecommunications)

• LBS – Location Based Services

• On Board Vehicle Navigation Systems• Vehicle Tracking Systems (beyond fleet management)

- Rental Car Companies - GPS-measured Tolls – variable taxation (UK) - Family/Friends vehicle location - Crime: Stolen cars; Criminal tracking - Accident notification systems - ‘Pay-as-you-drive’ insurance plans

• Child/Senior/Pet Safety Tracking Systems• Parole, Probation Tacking Systems• Package/Asset Tracking Systems• Bridge structural monitoring • Sports and Broadcasting (Skiers, NASCAR, Sailboat races)• Golf Courses (distance to next hole…)• Geo-Caching (GPS scavenger/treasure hunts)

ADVANTAGES

• Mobility• Global coverage• Weather independent• Day or Night• Accuracy

DISADVANTAGES

• Requires clear view of sky• Ionospheric influences• Multi-path

- buildings, canyons, trees- large, wet leaves- large flat buildings- chain link fences

FUTURE OF GPS TECHNOLOGY

Barring significant new complications due to S/A (Selective Availability)from DOD, the GPS industry is likely to continue to develop in thecivilian community. There are currently more than 50 manufacturers of GPS receivers, with the trend continuing to be towards smaller, lessexpensive, and more easily operated devices. While highly accurate,portable (hand-held) receivers are already available, currentspeculation envisions inexpensive and equally accurate 'wristwatchlocators' and navigational guidance systems for automobiles.

However,there is one future trend that will be very relevant to the GIS usercommunity, namely, community base stations and regional receivenetworks, as GPS management and technological innovations that willmake GPS surveying easier and more accurate. Also INDIAin the future will do use this technology, not only in thefield of Defense, but also in civilian community as this is not a scientificluxury but is the need of future.

CONCLUSION

Tracking system is becoming increasingly important in largecitiesand it is more secured than other systems. It iscompletely integrated so that once it is implemented in allvehicles, then it is possible to track anytime from anywhere.

It has real-time capability, emerges in order to strengthen therelations among people, vehicle and road by putting moderninformation technologies together and able to forms a realtimeaccurate, effective comprehensive transportation system.

This system has many advantages such as large capability,wide areas range, low operation costs, effective, strong expandability and easy to use in vehicle traffic administration.Upgrading this setup is very easy which makes it open tofuture a requirement which also makes it more efficient.

REFERENCES

[1]Mohammad Ali Mazidi ,

[2]EliaNadiraSabudin, SitiZarinaMohdMuji, Mohd. HelmyAbdWahab, AyobJohari, Norazman Bin Ghani,“GSM-based Notification Speed Detection for Monitoring Purposes”, IEEE, Department of ComputerEngineering, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia in 2008.

[3]M. AL-Rousan, A. R. AI-Ali and K. Darwish “GSM-Based Mobile Tele-Monitoring and Management System for Inter-Cities Public Transportations”,International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), ComputerEngineering Dept., American University of Sharjah, UAE in 2004, pages859-862.

[4]Stephen TeangSoo Thong, Chua Tien Han and Tharek Abdul Rahman“Intelligent Fleet Management System with Concurrent GPS & GSM Real-Time Positioning Technology”, IEEE ,Wireless Communication Centre(WCC), universitiTeknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia in 2007.

[5] Hui Hu, Lian Fang “Design and Implementation of Vehicle Monitoring System Based on GPS/GSM/GIS” Third International Symposium onIntelligent Information Technology Application ,School of InformationEngineering, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China in2009. Pages 278-279.

[6] Thuong Le-Tien, Vu Phung-The “Routing and Tracking System for Mobile Vehicles in Large Area”, Fifth IEEE International Symposium onElectronic Design, Test & Applications Dept. of Electrical ElectronicsEngineering, HCM University of Technology, Vietnam in 2010.

[7] Umar Farooq, TanveerulHaq, Muhammad Amar, Muhammad UsmanAsad, AsimIqbal “GPS-GSM Integration for Enhancing PublicTransportation Management Services” Second International Conference onComputer Engineering and Applications, Department of ElectricalEngineering University of The Punjab Lahore-54590, in 2010.

[8] T.ShyamRamanath, A.Sudharsan, U.PelixUdhayaraj, “Drunken Driving and Rash Driving Prevention System”, International Conference onMechanical and Electrical Technology (ICMET 2010), Sri Sai RamEngineering College, Chennai, India in 2010, page 603.

[9] Muruganandham ,P.R.Mukesh “Real Time Web based Vehicle Tracking using GPS” , World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology in 2010.