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Building Operator

Certification –Level I

A Partnership of the CUNY Institute for Urban Systems

Building Performance Lab, the CUNY School of Professional

Studies, and the New York State Energy Research & Development

Authority

Building Operator Certification Level I (BOCI)

Building Systems: Electrical

CUNY School of Professional Studies

CUNY Building Performance Lab

The BOC

Schematics for Building Systems

and Distribution: Lesson 3

Class Outline

One-line system schematics> How to draw a one-line schematic> Commonly used symbols

Riser diagram> How to read a riser diagram> Commonly used symbols

Site plans and floor plans> How to sketch a site plan and floor plan

Relating a riser diagram to a floor plan> How to relate the two

C18

Slide 3

C18 Unless I am mistaked, I don't believe we cover:

- Commonly used symbols in riser diagrams.- How to sketch a site plan and floor plan.

I'm not sure we even mention "site" plans.CLASS2009, 8/20/2012

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One-line System Schematics

What is it?> A diagram that uses single lines and graphic symbols to indicate

the path and components of a system> It is a simplification from how the system actually looks to show

the relationship and connections between components.

One-line diagrams are used when information about a system is required but details about specific locations and routing are not needed.> How is water/air/electricity being circulated throughout a system?> What types and how many different components are in a system?

C19

The technical name for a light bulb is a Lamp.

The lamp is installed in a fixture, also known as a luminaire.

Watts = the input to a lamp - Electricity consumption is measured and billed in kilowatt-hours (kWh).

Lumens = the total amount of light produced by a source (i.e. the output of a lamp)

I. Lighting Terms

Efficacy - The light output per unit of energy input (Lumens per watt)

Light Level = The Brightness on the Surface is measured in foot candles.

Footcandle is the “amount of light” equal to one candle, held one foot away.

Measuring Light

Slide 4

C19 When and why would an operator use a one-line schematic?CLASS2009, 8/20/2012

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Sometimes it is useful to compare the efficiency of different light sources.

Efficacy - The light output per unit of energy input (Lumens per watt)

How effectively a lighting system converts electricity (watts) to useful light (lumens).

Efficacy is like MPG. Goal = as little input for as much output.

Measured in Lumens-per-watt (dividing the lumen output by the watts consumed).> Must count all watts (including the ballast). All ballasts use

some electrical energy. The total watts for these systems must include the lamp watts and the ballast watts.

> Must count only actual lumens, including the Ballast Factor

Comparing Lamp Efficacy

Example of a Power Density CalculationLet’s say room has the following lighting:

• 6 fixtures, each with 4 Fl lamps, each lamp is 32 Watts

• Add 10% for ballast

• Room size is 20’ x 20’

Ballast: The ballast uses some energy, about 10% of the lighting energy. This is added to the lighting energy.

Example: You are going to buy a car for $10,000. The sales tax is 10%. How much is the tax? What is the total cost? $10,000 x 1 = $10,000; $10,000 x 0.1 = $1000

Power Density = Energy (Watts)Area of Room

= 6 x 4 x 32W x 1.1 = 845 W = 2.1 W20 x 20 400 SF SF

Lighting Standards and Energy Codes ASHRAE 90.1 : Energy codes (lower left) are written to place a limit on the amount of

energy being drawn by the lighting in a space.

The Illumination Engineering Society (IES) has developed recommended ranges of illuminance (fc) levels for a wide range of visual tasks (lower right).

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Lesson Objectives

Be able to draw a one-line system schematic

Be able to use floor plans and riser diagrams together

Be able to use schematics for assessing systems

Commonly Used SymbolsSimplified symbols are used to represent various components of a system. 

Sample key for Electrical.  

C1

Commonly Used Symbols

Different kinds of piping are labeled and with different line types.  Direction of flow should also be indicated.  Single line diagram for a 

Dual‐duct system

C2

Slide 11

C1 In class would you review every symbol, would you simply point it out or provide detail about each?CLASS2009, 8/21/2012

Slide 12

C2 DId you separate these symbols from the previous slide or was it simply that you could not fit it on one slide?

Same as previous slide, would you review each? Provide detail?CLASS2009, 8/21/2012

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One-line Schematics – Electrical C3

One-line Schematics - Mechanical

C4

One-line Schematics

• In contrast to the floor plans, the schematic allow us to see an entire system circulation loop at one time.

• We can trace the path of flow through each major piece of equipment, out to the loads and back to the “start”

• We can establish approximate distances from the floor plans

C5

Slide 13

C3 What would you review/highlight in the class? For example, would you point to specific points on the diagram and explain?CLASS2009, 8/20/2012

Slide 14

C4 You say in the notes the instructor should "walk through what the schematic illustrates". We would needthat level of detail i.e. what you would review/highlight on the schematic.

Yes, your idea for the dialogue and the arrows is the detail we need.CLASS2009, 8/20/2012

Slide 15

C5 Not sure of the goal of this slide. Is this an example of the steps on the previous slide?

If we are to ask them to do this on their own, we should probably provide a more detailed example of how to do the steps on slide 9.CLASS2009, 8/21/2012

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Controls on a Mechanical System Schematic

C6

One-line Schematics

How to develop a one-line schematic from a field condition:> Identify and arrange major pieces of equipment with labels> Trace how they are connected> Indicate direction of flow (for mechanical systems)> Illustrate any dampers/control valves (for mechanical

systems)> Illustrate any breakers/switches (for electrical systems)

C7

One-line Schematics

Activity: Developing a one-line diagram from an actual system

REMEMBER:> Identify and arrange major HVAC equipment with

labels> Trace how they are connected> Indicate direction of flow (for mechanical systems)> Illustrate any dampers/control valves (for mechanical

systems)> Illustrate any breakers/switches (for electrical systems)

C8

Slide 16

C6 What is the transition from the previous topic to this?

What is the goal of this slide i.e what would you review in class?CLASS2009, 8/21/2012

Slide 17

C7 WIll students know the term "field condition"?

Why would a person have to draw a schematic himself, they don't already exist?

Are one-line schematics only for HVAC systems?

So this is the "how-to" and slide 11 is when they would try it themselves, correct?CLASS2009, 8/21/2012

Slide 18

C8 I could not view the video. Can you send me the youtube link?

Does the video show an step-by-step example of these steps?

Is the expectation that the facilitator would "review" their work in class?CLASS2009, 8/21/2012

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Activity: Draw a One-Line Schematic of a Chiller Plant

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One-line schematic

Riser Diagrams

A one-line diagram that schematically shows the vertical branches of a system, usually from a common main or common point of origin

> Commonly used in representing electrical, hvac, and plumbing systems branching off to serve each floor. However no details about distribution about the floor is given

on a Riser Diagram.

> Numbering of each riser is related to a numbered location on a floor plan, to show the actual location of the riser in the building.

C9

Slide 21

C9 When and why would an operator read or create a riser diagram?

Will a student know what "take offs" are?CLASS2009, 8/21/2012

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Riser Diagrams

What information can be shown?> Design airflow to each floor of a building> Power distribution to each floor of a building> Piping plans to each floor of a building

Additional details about the system may be shown on a Riser Diagram as well.

Riser Diagrams – Electrical

C10

Electrical Drawing Legends

On a drawing sheet, the symbols and abbreviations used in subsequent riser diagrams, schematics and other drawings will typically be shown similar to the images on above and left

Slide 23

C10 In your notes, you mention "what the diagram illustrates to us." We would need that level of detail.

I assume the note on the screen is a comment from M Bobker?CLASS2009, 8/21/2012

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Floor Plans

What is it?> A Floor Plan is a scaled, top-down view of a building floor. Floor Plans show only one floor of a building at a time

and show the location and relation of different areas of the floor

> Scales are typically 1/8” = 1’ But can be as large or as small as needed. Architectural floor plans are always to scale but you can

do a floor plan sketch for your own use that is not to scale.

Drawing a floor plan

First start with the basic floor area> Outline or “footprint” of the entire floor

> Add in the floor layout

Elevators/Stairwells, Offices, hallways, bathrooms, etc.

Now you have a basic floor plan, from here you can choose to add in Mechanical or Electrical systems

Floor Plans

C11

Slide 27

C11 Please provide detail of what should be covered in class pertaining to this diagram.CLASS2009, 8/21/2012

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Floor Plans

Different types> Mechanical Floor Plan Show layout of mechanical systems on a floor (i.e. –

location of Mechanical Equipment Rooms (MER), layout of ductwork and piping for the floor)

> Electrical Floor Plan Show layout of panels, circuits, outlets, switches “Reflected Ceiling Plans” for light fixtures

• Because they portray things that are physically located in the ceiling, as if you were looking up at them.

C12

Mechanical Floor Plans

C13

Electrical Floor Plans

C14

Slide 28

C12 Will learners know what MER means?CLASS2009, 8/21/2012

Slide 29

C13 Please provide detail of what should be covered in class pertaining to this diagram.CLASS2009, 8/21/2012

Slide 30

C14 Please provide detail of what should be covered in class pertaining to this diagram.CLASS2009, 8/21/2012

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Relating Riser Diagrams to Floor Plans- Using Them Together

> Riser diagrams show all risers schematically and the characteristics of each one

> Floor plans show us a single floor layout of the building and where each riser is located on that floor

> Risers are numbered on the riser diagram and floor plans use this numbering for identification at each floor location

C15

Relating Riser Diagrams to Floor Plans

Depicted on this slide, as labeled in the title block circled below, is the Sanitary Waste Riser Diagram for a building.

Relating Riser Diagrams to Floor Plans

These two images are close‐ups of a section of the riser diagram shown on the previous slide, shown for clarity.  

The riser diagram shows the piping to each floor, up to the roof as well as back down.

Pay special attention to the “5” in the red square in the image directly to the left –we’ll reference this in a future slide

Slide 31

C15 Is the goal of this slide to "Compare" riser to floor plans? Or would someone use these both together? CLASS2009, 8/21/2012

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Relating Riser Diagrams to Floor Plans

As circled in the title block on the right, this is a drawing of a 2nd floor plumbing plan for a building, the same building as the riser diagram shown in the previous slide

Relating Riser Diagrams to Floor Plans

Remember the red square on the slide shown 2 slides ago that we said to pay special attention to??? 

This image, a close‐up of the Floor Plan from the previous slide, shows where the building riser is located on the floor, indicated by the “SAN 5” on the image on the left. This correlates to the “5” seen on Sanitary waste riser diagram.

Relating one-line schematics to Floor Plans

> One-line Schematics show an entire system, from equipment out to loads and back

> Floor plans show us a single floor layout of the building – just whatever portion of equipment is on that floor

> Floor plans can give us a better idea as to why equipment operates the way it is set up

If the area of the floor has potential sources of significant thermal loads to overcome such as large windows

C16

Slide 36

C16 So would someone use all three of these together? We may want to provide examples of how the information from one is used on the other.CLASS2009, 8/21/2012

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Further review- back at work

Locate what schematics exist for your facility (Floor Plans, Risers Diagrams, One-Line System schematics.

What information do the Riser Diagrams tell you:> Design airflow to each floor.> Power distribution to each floor.> Piping plans to each floor.

What information do the Floor Plans tell you?> Mechanical Floor Plan: of Mechanical Rooms, layout of ductwork

and piping for the floor.> Electrical Floor Plan: layout of light fixtures in the ceiling of the floor.

Identify a system within your facility to draw a One-Line Schematic. Include:> How is water/air/electricity being circulated throughout a system?> What types and how many different components are in a system?

Take- Home Exercise

Select a major system in your facility. Working from memory and on an 11 x 17 piece of paper, develop a simple one-line system schematic.

In the coming weeks, review the diagram while you are looking at the system and re-work the schematic with corrections, adjustments, additions, etc.

C17

Review for Next Week (Week 4)• What documentation do I have of my facility? Do I

have floor plans, risers plans, system schematics?

• How am I able to use this documentation to my benefit?– What information does these tools tell me?

Reading for Week 4: -FEMP Sec. 9.10-Herzog Appendix A: pp. 149-164

Slide 38

C17 I asume this is an in-class activity? Or is it something that they do back on the job?

Would the student turn in the schematic at a later date?

CLASS2009, 8/21/2012

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