Building Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia: A Framework for Regional Cooperation

PRESENTER: Chua Thia-Eng, Regional Programme DirectorPartnerships in Environmental Management

CONFERENCE: International Waters Workshop - A CEO DialogueJointly Organized by GEF and WFEO/FIDIC

LOCATION: Washington, DC, USADATE: June 7-8, 2001CONTACT: IW:LEARN 4211 N. Fairfax Dr.

Arlington, VA 22207 USATel: +703-522-2190Fax: +703-522-2191info@iwlearn.org

Building Partnerships in Environmental Managementfor the Seas of East Asia: A Framework for

Regional Cooperation

Chua Thia-Eng

The East Asian Seas

Coastline: 234,000 km

Coastline: 234,000 km

Sea area: 7 million km2

Sea area: 7 million km2

Total population: 1.9 billion

Total population: 1.9 billion

Coastal population: 522 million

Coastal population: 522 million

213 million are poor in China; 65 million in the rest of EAS

213 million are poor in China; 65 million in the rest of EAS

Uses of the EAS:• food supply• livelihood• medicine• energy• minerals• transport• recreation

Uses of the EAS:• food supply• livelihood• medicine• energy• minerals• transport• recreation

PEMSEA - multi-country, multi-sector collaboration and partnerships

shared vision strategy program of actions

ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGYfor the Seas of East Asia

INITIAL DRAFTas of 25 May 2001.

Do not cite.

A Strategic Approach to Achieving Shared Vision

Values• Ecological

• Aesthetic

• Historical and cultural

• Recreation

• Development

Threats• Habitat conversion

• Over-exploitation

• Land-based pollution sources

• Oil and chemical pollution

• Destructive fishing practices

• Invasive species

• Sea level rise

• Climate change

• Resource use conflicts

• Uncontrolled development

• Erosion/Siltation and sedimentation

• Trade in endangered species

Shared Vision

Sustain

Preserve

Protect

Develop

Implement

Communicate

Strategies

Action Programs

Action Programs

Action Programs

Action Programs

Action Programs

Action Programs

Action Programs

Ensure Sustainable use of coastal and marine resources.

The East Asian countries shall:

STRATEGIC ACTION STATEMENTSTRATEGIC ACTION STATEMENT

Preserve species and areas of the coastal and marine environment that are pristine or are of ecological, social or cultural significance.

Protect ecosystems, human health and society from risks occurring as a consequence of human activities.

Develop economic activities in the coastal and marine environment that contribute to economic prosperity and social well-being while safeguarding ecological values.

Implement international instruments relevant to management of the coastal and marine environment.

Communicate with stakeholders to raise public awareness, strengthen multisectoral participation and obtain scientific support for the sustainable development of the coastal and marine environment.

The environment of the Seas of East Asia should be managed to ensure preservation of the ecosystems and the well-being and dignity of the people of the region.

The right to development must be fulfilled so as to equitably meet development and environmental needs of present and future generations. (Agenda 21, Principle 3)

Management of coastal and marine resources and the activities affecting them should respect natural processes and systems.

Beneficial uses of the resources shall be encouraged and adverse uses avoided or minimized.

Basic linkages between sustainable management of coastal and marine resources, poverty alleviation, and protection of the marine environment should be recognized (APEC Action Plan)

General PrinciplesGeneral PrinciplesENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY FOR THE SEAS OF EAST ASIA

The rights of all sectors of society shall be respected and the role of civil society recognized.

The precautionary approach shall be widely applied. Where there are threats of serious irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. (Principle 15, Agenda 21)

Activities within one State should not cause damage by pollution to other States and their environment. (UNCLOS, Art. 194(2))

The interrelationship between conservation and socioeconomic development implies both that conservation is necessary to ensure sustainability of development, and that socioeconomic development is necessary for the achievement of conservation on a lasting basis. (ASEAN Agreement on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 1985)

General PrinciplesGeneral PrinciplesENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY FOR THE SEAS OF EAST ASIA

Supporting Implementation

1. Enabling local governments to effectively manage coastal and marine environment and their natural resources;

2. Promoting cross boundary, multi-sector, multi-agency cooperation in managing subregional sea areas and marine pollution hotspots;

3. Developing management related methodologies, techniques, working models, and standards to strengthen practical efforts in the field;

4. Providing policy support and scientific advise to the decision-makers;

Supporting Implementation

5. Identifying and demonstrating the synergies and linkages between related international environmental instruments and facilitating their integrated implementation;

6. Creating environmental investment opportunities and integrating environment investment as an integral part of economic development programmes;

7. Strengthening communication amongst stakeholders, partners and the general public

Supporting Implementation 1

Enabling local governments to effectively manage coastaland marine environment and their natural resources

Enabling local governments to effectively manage coastaland marine environment and their natural resources

Capacity Building Internships Regional Task Force Demonstration Sites

ICM Demonstration and Parallel Sites ICM Demonstration and Parallel Sites

Integrated Coastal Management

Supporting Implementation 2

Promoting cross boundary,multi-sector, multi-agencycooperation in managing subregional sea areasand marine pollution hotspots

Promoting cross boundary,multi-sector, multi-agencycooperation in managing subregional sea areasand marine pollution hotspots

Institutional Arrangements

Risk Assessment

ResponseCompensation/

Restoration

Capacity Building

Environmental Monitoring

Bohai SeaBohai Sea

Manila BayManila Bay

Gulf ofThailandGulf ofThailand

Malacca StraitsMalacca Straits

Marine Pollution Hot Spots

Marine Pollution Hot Spots

Supporting Implementation 3

Developing management related methodologies,techniques,working models, and standards to strengthen practicalefforts in the field

Developing management related methodologies,techniques,working models, and standards to strengthen practicalefforts in the field

Risk assessment/Risk management

Integrated Coastal Management Integrated Information Management System (IIMS) Sea Use Zoning Schemes Public-Private Sector Partnerships Marine Electronic Highway (MEH)

ISO 14001 for Local Government

IIMS Products

EnvironmentalDatabase

IIMS central node

IIMS ICM/hot spot nodes

Remote sensing

• Environmental assessment• Planning • Management• Monitoring

USERS

GIS

Baseline information Thematic maps

Modelling/forecastingsoftware

environmental monitoring

Products and Services: IIMS operational structure

Marine Electronic Highway Functional Diagram

Marine Electronic Highway Functional Diagram

Applications Module Goals

emergency response

electronic navigation

traffic management

resource managementand intervention

environmental protection

- hydrodynamics- s, T, t

- plankton- nutrients- sediments- contaminants

3D circulationmodel

plus 3Decology model

oil spill

search and rescue

tanker drift

tsunami / surge wave forecasting

tides and currents

fishery forecasts

ocean productivity

hazardous plankton forecasts

effluent dispersion

contaminant fate and effects

in situ obs.Real-timeEnvt’l Info

GPS

VTIS radar

ENCs

Datainterface

Supporting Implementation 4

Providing policy support and scientific advice to thedecision-makers

Providing policy support and scientific advice to thedecision-makers

Integrated coastal management

the application of risk assessment for environmental management

application of public sector – private sector partnership for environmental clean-up

ecological carrying capacity trade on marine endangered species trade-offs between economic development and

environmental protection

Supporting Implementation 5

Identifying and demonstrating the synergies and linkages between related international environmentalinstruments and facilitating their integrated implementation

Identifying and demonstrating the synergies and linkages between related international environmentalinstruments and facilitating their integrated implementation

ICM and Agenda 21ICM and Agenda 21

Integrated Coastal Management

Integrated Coastal Management

G E FG E F

U N D PU N D P

• regional cooperation• international cooperation• approaches

• regional cooperation• international cooperation• approaches

• national level• national level

• issues identification and assessment• priorities• integrated planning and management• strategies and action• financing mechanism

• issues identification and assessment• priorities• integrated planning and management• strategies and action• financing mechanism

Agenda 21, Chapter 17Agenda 21, Chapter 17

Integrated management andsustainable development ofcoastal and marine areas

Integrated management andsustainable development ofcoastal and marine areas

• integrated policy multiple use• preventive and pre- cautionary principles• value changes• stakeholders consulta- tion and participation

• integrated policy multiple use• preventive and pre- cautionary principles• value changes• stakeholders consulta- tion and participation

• poverty• environment• employment• women

• poverty• environment• employment• women

Sustainable human deve-lopment

Sustainable human deve-lopment

• land-water use• contaminants• transboundary

• land-water use• contaminants• transboundary

International watersInternational waters• UNCLOS

• IMO • UNEP

• UNCLOS

• IMO • UNEP

International ConventionsInternational Conventions

Global Programme of Actions on land-based

pollution (1995)

Global Programme of Actions on land-based

pollution (1995)

Supporting Implementation 6

Creating environmental investment opportunities andintegrating environmental investment as an integral part of economic development programmes

Creating environmental investment opportunities andintegrating environmental investment as an integral part of economic development programmes

Stimulated by environmental threats Public health Ecosystem health Societal health

Policy and management framework ICM framework Risk management framework Coastal and marine policy Public awareness National and local capacity

Supporting Implementation 7

Strengthening communication and environmentaleducation amongst stakeholders, partners and thegeneral public

Strengthening communication and environmentaleducation amongst stakeholders, partners and thegeneral public

forming partnerships with NGOs, media and

religious groups youth and women groups summer camp communication plans

videos, comics, public clean-up campaigns

Environment Investment Opportunities in the EAS Region

Vast coastal population

Rapid coastal urbanization

Fast economic growth

Globalization

Environment Investment Opportunities in the EAS Region

Improved standard of living

Green movement

High remedial cost

Environment Investment Opportunities in the EAS Region

Decentralization to strengthen local governance

National coastal and marine policy

Specific national target/direction

China: 40% reduction in pollution load under its

10th plan

Indonesia: 50% of coastal provinces

implementing ICM

Philippines: national coastal management plan

targets 1000 coastal municipalities

A New Paradigm in Environmental Management

Sustainable development = environmental protection + economic development

Partnerships

A New Paradigm in Environmental Management

Holistic, coordinated and integrated in planning and management

Ecosystem management

Stakeholders involvement

A New Paradigm in Environmental Management

Use local governments to address environmental problems

Use the power of science and information technology

Use the resources and expertise of the privatesector

Use the power of civil society

Partnership between public and private sector

Create investment environment

Identify priority environmental facilities and services

Package investment opportunities Promote investment opportunities Bring the two parties together into

partnership

Advantages of PEMSEA’s Approach

1. Management framework at each

PEMSEA site 2. Reduced political and investment risks of the investors 3. Benefits of PPP process to the private investors 4. Benefits of PPP process to the

public sector

Public-Private Sector Partnerships: EAS version

Identifying investment opportunities atICM sites and RA/RM ‘hot spot’ locations

Identifying investment opportunities atICM sites and RA/RM ‘hot spot’ locations

Technical and economicpre-feasibility

Technical and economicpre-feasibility

Defining mechanisms to catalyze, promote and

advance environmental investments

Defining mechanisms to catalyze, promote and

advance environmental investments

Round table meetings withinvestors, partners and

stakeholders

Round table meetings withinvestors, partners and

stakeholders

Investment processesInvestment processes

Synthesizing policy/regulatory issues to create a climate

conducive to environmentalinvestments

Synthesizing policy/regulatory issues to create a climate

conducive to environmentalinvestments

Technologiesand ServicesTechnologiesand Services

Public-Private Sector Partnerships in Batangas, Philippines

CORPORATE STRUCTURE

Philippines New Zealand

McConnell International

Ltd.

United Environmental

Ltd.

SOE Waikato

Batangas Utilities Development Inc.

Batangas Utilities Development Inc.

NZ Waste Managers

Ltd.

Perry Waste

Services Ltd.

Batangas Waste Inc.

Batangas Province (34

municipalities)

Sustainable Regional MechanismSustainable Regional Mechanism

International Frameworks for Coastal & Marine Management

Int’l Conventions Int’l Action Plans

Regional Implementing Mechanism

Participating Countriesin the Region

Int’l, Regional Org./ Donors

Technical Assistance

Products & Services

Products & Services

Institutional Arrangements

Marine Environment Resource Foundation

Grants and

Donations

Envt’l Invest-ment Center

Envt’l Invest-

ment Fund

Private Sector

Financial Arrangement for Marine Environment Resource Foundation

Financial Arrangement for Marine Environment Resource Foundation

Products and Services

Grants and Donations

Environment Investment Fund (Investment Center)

Thank You