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Building Sustainable InstallationsBuilding Sustainable Installations
d id i
Building Sustainable InstallationsBuilding Sustainable Installations
Advances in WasteAdvances in Waste‐‐toto‐‐Energy Energy TechnologiesTechnologiesTechnologiesTechnologies
Dave RobauDave RobauDave RobauDave RobauEnvironmental ScientistEnvironmental Scientist
S t bS t bSeptemberSeptember 27,27,20112011Washington,Washington, D.C.D.C.
1
Agenda Topics Agenda Topics
h ill lk bh ill lk bWhat We Will Talk About…What We Will Talk About…
Current StatusCurrent Status
Plasma Technology Plasma Technology –– Energy SecurityEnergy Security
System Layout and DesignSystem Layout and Design System Layout and DesignSystem Layout and Design
Environmental ConsiderationsEnvironmental Considerations
SummarySummary
2
Where Does Your Garbage Go?Where Does Your Garbage Go?Where Does Your Garbage Go?Where Does Your Garbage Go?
3
Where Does It Go?Where Does It Go?Where Does It Go?Where Does It Go?
Business As UsualBusiness As UsualBusiness As UsualBusiness As Usual
4
Where Does It Go?Where Does It Go?Where Does It Go?Where Does It Go?
Seriously…?Seriously…?
Is this the best we can do???we can do???
5
Open Pit Burns in TheaterOpen Pit Burns in TheaterOpen Pit Burns in TheaterOpen Pit Burns in Theater
I f Ai dI f Ai dIssues for Airmen downrangeIssues for Airmen downrange
6
Credit: Air Force TImes
What is Plasma?What is Plasma?
Plasma is an ionized gas that conducts electricity Plasma is an ionized gas that conducts electricity Plasma is an ionized gas that conducts electricity Plasma is an ionized gas that conducts electricity The electrical current releases large amounts of heatThe electrical current releases large amounts of heat Several technologies have been developed to use this source of Several technologies have been developed to use this source of g p fg p f
heat which can reach temperatures over 9,000ºFheat which can reach temperatures over 9,000ºF
Hot as the surface of the sunThere are four states of matter
SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMASOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA<32oF >32oF >212oF >9000oFICE WATER STEAM IONIZED GAS
7
Plasma Gasification ProcessPlasma Byproducts
f
VitrifiedVitrifiedRock
Intense PlasmaEnergy
Small volume of AirWaste +
Gasification(Fast)
+ +
Shock Cooling & Cleaning of
Syngas (fuel)Small Equipment
N S d
Gas Engine Recovers
Chemical EnergyMetal
Energy
No Secondary wastes
100% Volume Reduction
•Small Systems
• Scalable
• Energy Recovery
Reduces GHG Carbon Credits
Energy Recovery
• No Dioxins / Furans
• No Residual Waste
8
Typical Design Layout
Graphite Arc
Patented 2 Stage Graphite Arc Plasma Furnace followed by
h l i d dp
Plasma Furnace
Feed Pretreatment S
Plasma Fired Eductor
the Plasma Fired Eductor
SystemVitrified
Rock
Synthesis Gas Energy Recovery
System
9
yCleaning System
System
Credit: PyroGenesis Canada
Pilot Project in FloridaPilot Project in FloridajjSystem can handle hazardous and/or System can handle hazardous and/or
nonnon‐‐hazardous wastes:hazardous wastes: Hospital/ClinicalHospital/Clinical HazardousHazardous IndustrialIndustrial PCB’sPCB’sPCB sPCB s Municipal WasteMunicipal Waste SludgeSludge Flammable liquidsFlammable liquids Chemical/biologicalChemical/biological Chemical/biologicalChemical/biological
Successful test in Florida will launch Successful test in Florida will launch larger scale applicationslarger scale applications Economic benefit to the taxpayerEconomic benefit to the taxpayerf p yf p y Good neighbor news storyGood neighbor news story Advances technology for the NationAdvances technology for the Nation
Will allow Federal Agencies to exceed Will allow Federal Agencies to exceed ggmany EO 13423/13514 mandatesmany EO 13423/13514 mandates
13
Electrode Motion System Electrode Motion System ll ill iInstallationInstallation
Plasma Torch
Electrode Motion System
Furnace Load Cells
11
Removable CrucibleRemovable Crucible
12
Molten Metal OxidesMolten Metal Oxides
15
Thermal Shock to the Slag Thermal Shock to the Slag P d I t A tP d I t A tProduces Inert AggregateProduces Inert Aggregate
16
Metal Oxides After Metal Oxides After h l h kh l h kThermal ShockThermal Shock
17
Process FlowProcess FlowProcess FlowProcess Flow
18
Credit: Recovered Energy Systems
Benefits of the TechnologyBenefits of the TechnologyBenefits of the TechnologyBenefits of the Technology
ThisThis is is NOT NOT incineration!incineration!ThisThis is is NOT NOT incineration!incineration!
Gasification is a much cleaner Gasification is a much cleaner technologytechnologytechnologytechnology
The USEPA and FDEP results The USEPA and FDEP results demonstrate that the slag produced demonstrate that the slag produced demonstrate that the slag produced demonstrate that the slag produced isis much cleaner that incinerationmuch cleaner that incineration
Air emissions significantly less than Air emissions significantly less than g yg yUSEPA standardsUSEPA standards
18USEPA, Discharge Standards under AP 42 5th Ed, Vol 1, Ch 2, Se 2.1 June 2002
Environmental ConsiderationsEnvironmental ConsiderationsEnvironmental ConsiderationsEnvironmental Considerations
95% reduction in Mercury 95% reduction in Mercury 95% reduction in Mercury 95% reduction in Mercury
60% reduction in Nitrogen Oxide60% reduction in Nitrogen Oxide
95% reduction in Sulfur Dioxide95% reduction in Sulfur Dioxide
This is not an energy projectThis is not an energy project We take a waste management problem into an energy We take a waste management problem into an energy
generating solutiongenerating solution
We achieve a fixed cost from a nonWe achieve a fixed cost from a non‐‐volatile source of energy volatile source of energy
18
Inert Slag from Plasma FurnaceInert Slag from Plasma Furnacee t S ag f o as a u acee t S ag f o as a u aceThe The vitrificationvitrification furnace produces an inert slag which can be used as an furnace produces an inert slag which can be used as an
aggregate for construction materials and can be recovered in many forms The aggregate for construction materials and can be recovered in many forms The aggregate for construction materials and can be recovered in many forms. The aggregate for construction materials and can be recovered in many forms. The TCLP results demonstrate that the slag produced is well below regulations.TCLP results demonstrate that the slag produced is well below regulations.
METAL Units Sample Result Detection RegulationMETAL Units Sample Result Limit Regulation
Arsenic (As) mg/L ND 0.3 5.0
Barium (Ba) mg/L ND 0.1 100
Boron (B) mg/L ND 0.3 500
Cadmium (Cd) mg/L ND 0 05 0 5Cadmium (Cd) mg/L ND 0.05 0.5
Chromium (Cr) mg/L ND 0.05 5.0
Lead (Pb) mg/L 0.2 0.05 5.0
19
Selenium (Se) mg/L ND 0.3 1.0
Carbon CreditsCarbon Credits
20
Benefits of the TechnologyBenefits of the TechnologyBenefits of the TechnologyBenefits of the Technology
Lots of waysLots of ways to generate energyto generate energyLots of waysLots of ways to generate energyto generate energy
So what’s the problem?So what’s the problem?
18
Benefits of the TechnologyBenefits of the TechnologyBenefits of the TechnologyBenefits of the Technology
Lots of waysLots of ways to generate energyto generate energyLots of waysLots of ways to generate energyto generate energy
Many sources of RE are intermittentMany sources of RE are intermittent
Some require precious metals that Some require precious metals that are in short supply (unsustainable)are in short supply (unsustainable)
Oftentimes the resources is far from Oftentimes the resources is far from where people live (line loss)where people live (line loss)
Plasma WastePlasma Waste‐‐toto‐‐Energy Energy technology offers “dependable” technology offers “dependable” energy energy AND AND solves the solid waste solves the solid waste
18
gygyproblem problem
SummarySummary
Plasma WastePlasma Waste‐‐toto‐‐Energy technology can:Energy technology can:gy gygy gy
Save taxpayer dollarsSave taxpayer dollars
Convert waste to energy, i.e. electrical and heatConvert waste to energy, i.e. electrical and heatgy,gy,
Recover beneficial products waste streamRecover beneficial products waste stream
Significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissionsSignificantly reduces greenhouse gas emissionsg f y g gg f y g g
Divert waste from landfillsDivert waste from landfills
Mine and reclaim legacy landfills Mine and reclaim legacy landfills
Help agencies exceed EO 13423 & 13514 goalsHelp agencies exceed EO 13423 & 13514 goals
Opens the door for future federal/state/local applications Opens the door for future federal/state/local applications
Help solve tough war fighter problems!Help solve tough war fighter problems!23
Energy Technology CenterEnergy Technology Centergy gygy gy
24
Green JobsGreen Jobs Incubator: STEMSIncubator: STEMS
25
The FirstThe First‐‐ofof‐‐its Kind Zero 4 Facilityits Kind Zero 4 Facilityyy
Building Sustainable InstallationsBuilding Sustainable Installationsgg
27
Dave Robau, Executive Director Gulf Coast Energy Network850-855-2108 [email protected]
BACK UP SLIDESBACK UP SLIDESBACK UP SLIDESBACK UP SLIDES
28
Shameless PlugShameless Pluggg
29
Camera View Inside CrucibleCamera View Inside CrucibleCamera View Inside CrucibleCamera View Inside Crucible
28
Tapping the Inorganic FractionTapping the Inorganic Fractionpp g gpp g g
14
Solidified Inorganic MaterialSolidified Inorganic Material
32
Plasma Furnace SpoolPlasma Furnace SpoolPlasma Furnace SpoolPlasma Furnace Spool
26
Refractory UnitRefractory UnitRefractory UnitRefractory UnitCamera
P tRadar
Port Port
El dElectrodePort
ElectrodePort
Haz WasteBox Feeder
Input
WasteInput
27
p
Crucible RefractoryCrucible RefractoryCrucible RefractoryCrucible Refractory
Refractory M t i lMaterial
35
Storage Mixer and Storage Mixer and Screw AugersScrew Augers
Storage MiMixer
Screw Auger
Variable Speed Screw Auger
36
Screw Auger
Furnace MezzanineFurnace MezzanineFurnace MezzanineFurnace Mezzanine
DoubleAir Lock Storage
Mixer
FurnaceMezzaninee a e
37
Screw Auger
Electrode Motion System Electrode Motion System InstallationInstallation
Electrodes
PlasmaFurnace
38
DI WDI Waater Cooling Systemter Cooling SystemDI WDI Waater Cooling Systemter Cooling System
Plasma Torch Water
Cooling
39
Cooling System
Plasma TorchesPlasma TorchesPlasma TorchesPlasma Torches
Plasma Torch
40
Plasma Torch InstalledPlasma Torch InstalledPlasma Torch InstalledPlasma Torch Installed
Eductor
Plasma Torch
41
Plasma Torch TestPlasma Torch TestPlasma Torch TestPlasma Torch Test
Plasma Torch Gas Plume
42
Crucible Spool and EductorCrucible Spool and EductorCrucible Spool and EductorCrucible Spool and Eductor
SpoolEd SpoolEductor
43
Eductor Being Connected to Eductor Being Connected to hhQuench SystemQuench System
Ed tEductor
QuenchWaterRapid
CoolingS t
44
System
Quench Water Storage SkidQuench Water Storage SkidQuench Water Storage SkidQuench Water Storage Skid
Cooling Water Skid
Cooling Tower
45
Syngas Cleaning EquipmentSyngas Cleaning EquipmentSyngas Cleaning EquipmentSyngas Cleaning Equipment
SulfurQuench Sulfur Removal Module
Water Cooling Tower
Continuous Emissions Monitoring Induced Draft
46
gSystems
Induced Draft Fans
Quench Water Treatment SystemQuench Water Treatment SystemQuench Water Treatment SystemQuench Water Treatment System
47
Syngas Flaring TowerSyngas Flaring TowerSyngas Flaring TowerSyngas Flaring Tower
Flaring Tower
48
GE GE JenbacherJenbacher 12 Cylinder12 CylinderGE GE JenbacherJenbacher 12 Cylinder12 Cylinder
49
Electrical Conditioning ModuleElectrical Conditioning ModuleElectrical Conditioning ModuleElectrical Conditioning Module
PowerPower Conditioning
Module
EEmergency Shut Down Generator
G id C ti
50
Grid Connection Transformer