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Buildings as an urban mine The case study of Vienna
Fritz Kleemann
Research Center of Waste and Resource Management
CD Laboratory for Anthropogenic Resources
Mining the Technosphere 2015
1-2 October 2015,Vienna
02.10.2015 Buildings as an urban mine – the case study City of Vienna 2/18
Background
- Buildings greatly contribute to the material turnover and accumulation within
urban systems
- About 22% of waste flows nationwide (Austria) are related to construction and
demolition activities(excavation material excluded)
- High potential to save landfill space and primary resources through recycling
- Knowledge about material flows in this system is limited
02.10.2015 Buildings as an urban mine – the case study City of Vienna 3/18
Objective
- Analyze the building stock in Vienna and its potential for urban mining
- Generate specific material values for different building categories
- Analyze the building structure
- Estimate the material output from demolition activities
02.10.2015 Buildings as an urban mine – the case study City of Vienna 4/18
Procedure
Building stock Urban mine
1. Material composition of
buildings
2. Demolition activity
3. Demolition Waste (Q&Q)
4. Available technologies
(e.g. dismantling, separation)
© Nemetz AG
Reserves Minable secondary resources
02.10.2015 Buildings as an urban mine – the case study City of Vienna 5/18
Material composition of buildings I
- Investigation of the material composition of buildings prior demolition
- Generation specific material values for different building categories
- Comparison with official reports on waste disposed
Kleemann et al. (2014) Building Research and Information
02.10.2015 Buildings as an urban mine – the case study City of Vienna 6/18
Material composition of buildings II
- Different reasons for discrepancies
- Estimation of waste flows not possible based on this data!
02.10.2015 Buildings as an urban mine – the case study City of Vienna 7/18
Material composition of buildings III
- Files of demolished buildings
- Collection from municipal building authorities
- Analysis of material composition
- Main materials (walls, ceilings, roofs, …)
- Data for new buildings & Literature
- Available LCA Data for new buildings in Vienna
- Data from developers (tender documents, final bills)
- Literature
02.10.2015 Buildings as an urban mine – the case study City of Vienna 8/18
- Buildings differentiated by
- Construction period
- Utilization
- GIS data
- Different source within the municipality
- Spatial joining to get the relevant information on a building level
Building structure
02.10.2015 Buildings as an urban mine – the case study City of Vienna 9/18
Combination of data
Area & height of buildings
Utilization & construction period of buildings
Case studies - analysis of documents - on-site investigation
Demolished buildings - analysis of construction plans
Literature
New buildings - final bills - LCA Data - construction plans
Information about the building structure (GIS - geographical information system)
Information about the material composition of different building categories
Period of
construction
Utilization Mineral
materials
Organic
materials
Metals Total
-1918
residential 380 17 3 400
commercial 360 3 3 366
industrial 270 5 7 282
1919-1945
residential 450 11 6 467
commercial 270 7 6 283
industrial 320 30 3 353
1946-1976
residential 420 5 10 435
commercial 350 6 6 362
industrial 340 - 13 353
1977-1996
residential 430 7 12 449
commercial 380 1 13 394
industrial 170 - 15 185
1997-
residential 450 5 13 468
commercial 320 6 10 336
industrial - - - -
02.10.2015 Buildings as an urban mine – the case study City of Vienna 10/18
Material stock
385.000.000 [t]
210 [t] pp
02.10.2015 Buildings as an urban mine – the case study City of Vienna 11/18
Resource cadastre
- Resource cadastre
- Gives information about the total material stock in buildings
- Combined with data about the demolition activity, current and future
waste streams can be estimated
02.10.2015 Buildings as an urban mine – the case study City of Vienna 12/18
Demolition activity I
- Data from the building authority
- Address of building
- notification present
- Own observations to cross check if all buildings are notified
- Data from surveying
- Wrecking companies (data quality?)
- Recyclers
- Landfill operators
- Data from remote sensing
- Image matching
- Compare height models of building stock based on yearly orthophotos
02.10.2015 Buildings as an urban mine – the case study City of Vienna 13/18
Demolition activity II
02.10.2015 Buildings as an urban mine – the case study City of Vienna 14/18
Demolition activity II
02.10.2015 Buildings as an urban mine – the case study City of Vienna 15/18
Demolition activity II
02.10.2015 Buildings as an urban mine – the case study City of Vienna 16/18
Demolition activity II
02.10.2015 Buildings as an urban mine – the case study City of Vienna 17/18
Conclusion & Outlook
- Material composition of different building categories
- Quality of Materials
- Spatial distribution of Materials
- Possibility to generate reference values for single buildings being demolished
- Information about appearing waste flows on a municipal level (Vienna)
- Evaluation of available technologies
Contact: Fritz Kleemann
PhD-Candidate
+43 1 58801 22652
http://iwr.tuwien.ac.at/anthropogene-ressourcen
Thank you!