Analysis SPM Paper 2 ( Section A)

29

=SMK TANJONG RAMBUTANPROGRAM SKOR FIZIKPANITIA FIZIK

TIPS & RAMALAN (FIZIK)2012

(EDISI KE DUA)Disusun dan di sediakan olehMahazir Kasim

Bach .Engineering (Hons) , Dip. Education (Physics)

www.mahazir73.webs.comIsi Kandungan

Pendahuluan

3

Tip Paper 3

4

Tip Paper2

13

Ramalan 2012

21

Kaedah Mengingat (Pneumonik)

24

Common question

JIKA ANDA KEHILANGAN HARTA ,

ANDA BOLEH BERUSAHA

MENDAPATKANNYA KEMBALI.

JIKA ANDA KEHILANGAN MASA ,

ANDA HILANG SEGALA-GALANYA.Pendahuluan

Memiliki Ijazah Sarjana Muda Kejuruteraan dan Diploma Pendidikan (Pengajian Fizik) Penah berkhidmat sebagai jurutera di syarikat multinasional hampir lima tahun sebelum menjadi pendidik. Pernah menjadi panel pengubal Modul WAJA Negeri Perak. dan menjadi penceramah bengkel teknik menjawab Fizik di sekolah-sekolah Daerah Kinta .

Buku ini dapat membantu pelajar membuat ulangkaji secara sistematik.Ini dapat meningkatkan tahap keyakinan pelajar dalam mata pelajaran fizik. Ia menjadi buah tangan pelajar-pelajar yang selama ini tercari-cari rahsia dan tip pembelajaran dan kecemerlangan dalam fizik . Saya sentiasa mendoakan kejayaan yang cemerlang kepada pelajar-pelajar. Sekian

Terima Kasih.

Alfatihah

Untuk jujungan Nabi Muhammad s.a.w , para anbia, ahli keluarga , para sahabat , para ulama dan khusus untuk kedua ibu bapa iaitu Almarhum Kasim Bin Mat dan Almarhumah Siti Zaharah Mohamed Yatim. . Semoga Allah mencucuri rahmat keatas roh mereka. Amin..

TIPS PAPER 3

A) Graph Plotting (no 1)i) Student able to read vernier caliper, micrometer , metre rule, protactor, thermometer, analog stopwatch, digital stopwatch, ammeter , voltmeter. Determine the accuracy of instrument (smallest division)

Example :

Metre rule ( 0.1 cm) , Vernier Caliper (0,01cm), Micrometer (0.01 mm) etc

D) Measuring Apparatus

BIL.PHYSICAL QUANTITYMEASURING APPARATUS

1Length/Distance/Depth/Height/ExtensionMeter rule

2 MassLever balance/Triple beam balance

3 Time of oscillations/PeriodStopwatch

4 TemperatureThermometer

5 CurrentAmmeter / Galvanometer

6 ForceSpring balance

7 Diameter of wireMicrometer screw gauge

8 Velocity / AccelerationTicker timer and Ticker tape

9Gas volume

Syringe

10Gas pressureBourdon gauge

11 Potential differenceVoltmeter

12 Magnetic field strengthNumber of nails attracted

13 Wavelength Meter rule

14Control current

Rheostat

15Water volume

Measuring cylinder/Beaker

ii) Key word in tabulating data

VVariables: manipulated variables or responding variable

Experiment data has to sistematically presented in a table

UUnit

Every column must be named: Physics quantity, symbol and unit.

DConsistent decimal place

AAccuracy of Instrument

All readings given must correspond to sensitivity of instrument used.

iii) Key word in plotting graph (checklist )VANVariablesManipulatted variable : x axis

Responding variable : y axis

SEKOLAHScale

SAYASmoothStaright line or curve line using flexible ruler

PANCITPlotCorrect unit

BAWABalanced

PELAJAR Physical Quantity

UNIVERSITIUnit

iv)Types Of Graph And Relationship

RelationshipType of graph

.is direct proportional to .

If the straight line graph passes through the origin

Increase proportionally

A straight line intercept at Y axis (positive gradient)

.. Is decreasing linearly with ..

A straight line intercept at Y axis (negative gradient)

..is inverse proportional to

A curved graph with negative gradient

When ..increases, ..increase

A curved graph with positive gradient (decrease)

is exponentially proportional to .

A curved graph with positive gradient ( increase)

B) Graph Interpretation (no2)i) Coordinate

x/cm

2

4 1/a / m-1

Find a when x= 2cm( 3 marks)

i) Horizontal & vertical dotted line

ii) 1/a = 4

iii) a = 1/4

= 0,25 m

ii) Straight line equation

V/V

E

I / A

Given the equations

E = V + IrFind E and r

i) y = mx + c V = -mI + E E = V + Im

m is graph gradient

E is y intercept

iii) Gradient - Gradient : Draw larger triangle 4 X 3 larger square ( 2cm X 2cm)

- The triangle should be on tangent line for curve graph ( SPM 2006 )

- Show substitutions

- Show and state the value with unit

Notes: TCA ( 3 marks) T Triangle

C Calculation

A Answer and unit

iv) Gradient unit

Gradient unit = y axis unit / x axis unit

v) Safety PrecautionsMake sure the line of vision is perpendicular with scale of reading to avoid parallax error .NO.

TYPE OF EXPERIMENT INVOLVINGPRECAUTIONS THAT CAN BE TAKEN

1Lighta. Experiment must be carried out in darkened

room.

b. Lens, screen and object must be in line

c. Make sure the line of vision is perpendicular with scale of reading to avoid parallax error .

2Springa. make sure the spring is not loaded beyond the

elastic limit. (spring return to original length

when load is taken off).

b. Make sure the line of vision is perpendicular with scale of reading to avoid parallax error .

3Electrica. All connections must be secure/tight avoid current leakage.

b. Off the switch after readings are taken to

prevent wires from heating up (resistance

increase)

c. Make sure the line of vision is perpendicular with scale of reading to avoid parallax error .

4Heata. Liquid must be stirred constantly so that

temperature rises evenly.

b. Alluminium block must be wrapped with

insulating material to prevent heat lost.

c. Thermometer bulb should be smeared with oil

to give better thermal contact with the block.

d. Make sure the line of vision is perpendicular with scale of reading to avoid parallax error ..

5Measuring instruments

such as ammeter,

voltmeter, metre rule ...a. Make sure the line of vision is perpendicular with scale of reading to avoid parallax error .

b. Take into account zero error of instrument.

* [Student can give more than one answer for this question.

No penalty for the answer which is unsuitable]

Calon boleh memberikan jawapan lebih dari 1. Tiada markah dipotong jika satu jawapan yang

diberi salah dan yang lainnya betul.

* unacceptable answer : Avoid parallax error. [without explanation]

Jawapan tidak diterima : Elak ralat paralaks [tiada penjelasan]vi) Type of gradient

Types of GradientHypothesis

Positive gradientWhen x increase, y will increase

Negative gradientWhen x increase, y will decrease

Zero gradientWhen x increase, y will constant

Notes: staright line graph means gradient constant

Curve graph means gradient not constant

vii) Interpolation and Extrapolation ( smooth line )C) Section B Paper3( 12 Marks)a) InferenceManipulated Variables Influenced Responding Variables

Or

Responding Variables is depends on Manipulated Variables

Or

Responding Variables is influenced by Manipulated Variables

b) HypothesisWhen the manipulated variables increases / decreases , the responding variables increases / decreases

c) i) AimTo study relationship between manipulated variables and responding variables

ii) VariablesManipulated Variable :

Responding Variable :

Fix Variable :

* State the variables that can be measured

* Encourage students to write operational definition for responding variable

(iii) List of apparatus and material

(iv) Arrangement of ApparatusDraw a fully labeled diagram

(v) Method1. Start the experiment with manipulated variable ( a practical value)

2. Responding Variables is mesured and record

3. Repeat the experiment 4 times with different values of manipulated variable , ., . ,.. and .

(vi) Tabulation of dataManipulated variables / unit

Responding variables / unit

-state all the values

-blank

(vii) Analysis of dataState : A Graph of responding variable against manipulated variable is plotted and sketch

SESIAPA YANG BERUSAHA MENCARI JALAN

BAGI MENDAPATKAN ILMU ,

MAKA ALLAH AKAN MEMUDAHKAN BAGINYA JALAN KE SYURGA.

( HADIS )

TIPS PAPER 2A) DefinitionTopicDEFINITION

Introduction Physics Parralax error : error in reading / observer eye is not perpendicular to the scale Base Quantities : The physical quantities which are used as the basis for the measurement and cant be derived from other physical quantities. Physical quantities are quantities that can be measured Derived Quantities :The physical quantities which were derived from base quantities by multiplication operation or division operation or both A scalar is any quantity with size (magnitude) but without specified direction. A vector is any quantity with size (magnitude) and specified direction. Accuracy is the degree of closeness of the measurements to the actual or accepted value. Sensitivity is the degree of a measuring instrument to record small change in its reading. Systematic errors are errors in the measurement of a physical quantity due to instruments, the effects of surrounding conditions and physical constraints of the observer. Zero errors occurs when the instrument gives a non- zero reading when in fact the actual reading is zero.

Force & Motion Velocity : Rate of displacement

Accelaration : Rate of change of velocity

Inertia ( 1st Laws of Newton) is tendency of object to remain rest or motion state.

Momentum : Product mass and velocity Principle of Conservation of Momentum state that total momentum before and after collision are same if no external applied on the system.

Impuls : Change of momentum

Impulsive Force : Rate of Change of momentum in short interval 2nd Laws of Newton state that Impulsive force is directly proportional with rate of change in momentum.

3rd Laws of Newton : Any action there have a reaction same magnitude but opposite direction.

Free Fall : the object fall under gravitional force only Elasticity : return to its original length when force acting removed Principle of conservation of energy : energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can be transferred from one form to another Hooke Law : The extension or compression of a spring is direct proportional to the applied force until the elastic limit is not exceed.

Force & Pressure Density : is the mass per volume Pressure is defined as the force acting normally on a unit of surface area. Pascal Principle : In the closed fluid system, an external applied force is transmitted uniformly in all direction. Archimedes Principle : upward bouyant force an a submerged object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. Bernoulli Principle : when the speed increase in fluid system, pressure will decrease

Heat Thermal equlibrium : When two object in thermal contact , no net heat energy transfer between each other/ rate of heat transfer is same between each other, same temperature. Specific heat capacity : heat energy required to increase temperature 1 C for 1 kg substance. Specific latent heat of fusion: quantity heat energy required to change 1 kg of a substance from solid to liquid without a change of temperature Specific latent heat of vapourisation: quantity heat energy required to change 1 kg of a substance from liquid to gas without a change of temperature

Temperature : Degree of hotness of a body Heat : Form of energy that tranfer from hot body to cold body

Light Laws of reflection : The angle incidence is equal to angle of reflection

Snell Laws state that refractive index is ratio of sin incident angle per sin refracted angle

Real Image : Image can be seen on the screen Virtual Image : Image is not form on the screen

Critical angle : Angle of incidence when angle of

refraction 90.

Waves Coherent waves : The waves that have same frequency and same phase Frequency : the number of oscillation in one second

Damping : The decreasing amplitude with time due to air or water resistance

Resonance : The system oscillate with maximum amplitude due to external forces has same frequency with natural frequency of the system.

Diffraction : The spread out of waves after through the narrow gap // slit // barrier

Electrical 20W , 240V : the eletrical appliances use 240 potential difference/ voltage will release energy 20J in 1 second. Current : The rate of flow of charge Ohm Laws : Current is directly proportional to the potential different across the wire when resistance and temperature constant

Electromagnetism Magnetic field : the region is under magnetic force Lenz Laws : states that the direction of the induced emf is such that its magnetic effects always oppose the changing producing it Faraday Laws state that the magnitude of induced current is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux. Transfomer : A device to increase or decrease volatage of alternate current. Ideal transformer :transformer operate with 100% efficiency.

Electronic Semiconductor : A conductivity between a conductor and insulator

Thermionic emission : the release of electron from the heated metal.

Capacitor : is electronic component can store charge and smoothen the output current of rectification circuit

Diode is electronic component can allow current flows in one direction

Doping is adding of impurity into pure semiconductor material Rectification : a process to convert alternate current to direct current

Radioactive Radioactivity : the spontaneous disintegration of unstable nucleus to become more tsble

Half life : Time for activity of radioisotope element reduce to half its original value Radioisotope : Isotope that are not stable Nuclear Fisson : the splitting of a heavy nucleus into two light nucles with release of energy Nuclear Fusion : The combination of two light nucleus into a heavy nucleus with radioactive and energy emission.

B) PHYSICS CONCEPT PhenomenonReflection , refraction , Diffraction , Interference , Total Internal reflection , resonance , damping

PrincipleBernoulli Principle , Principle Conservation of Energy, Principle Conservation of Momentum , Pascal Principle , Archimedes Principle

LawsCharles Laws , Boyle Laws , First Laws of Newton , Second Laws of Newton , Third Laws of Newton, Lenz Laws , Faraday Laws , Hooke Laws , Ohm Laws

C) Problem Solving (Essay Questions)NO.TERMVALUEEXPLANATION

IAccelerationLow / smallSlow increase of velocity

High / bigFast increase of velocity

iiDensityLow / smallLighter / less compact / easy to carry

High / largeHeavier / more compact

iiForce constant

smallSpring is soft / easy to stretch

Large / BigSpring is stiff / difficult to stretch

4Specific Heat CapacityLow / small

Easily heated up , short time to heat up

Need less heat to raise temperature

High / large

More difficult to heat up, takes more time to heat up

Need more heat to raise temperature, use

more fuel

5Specific Latent HeatLow / smallNeed less heat to melt / vaporize

High / largeTime to melt / vaporise is shorter

6Melting point /

Freezing point

Low

Melts at low temperature / Freezes at low

temperature.

Starts melting earlier / Starts freezing later

High

Melts at higher temperature / Freezes at

higher temperature.

Starts melting latter / Starts freezing earlier

7Boiling point

Low

Starts boiling at lower temperature

Starts boiling earlier

Slower to begin condensation

High

Starts boiling at higher temperature

Starts boiling latter Faster to begin condensation

8Refractive index High

Low / smallSubstance that refracts light less

High / largeSubstance that refracts light more

9Critical angleLow / smallEasier for total internal reflection occur

High / largeDifficult for total internal reflection occur

10Power (of a lens)LowLarge / long focal length refract light less

HighShort focal length Refract light more

11Focal length ShortHigh Power

Large / LongLower power

12Frequency (of

Electromagnet wave)HighShort wavelength

High penetration power

13Wavelength (for

Electromagnet wave)Long / largeLow frequency

Low penetration power

14Frequency (sound)HighHigh pitch

Short wavelength

Spreads out less

15ResistivityLow / small

Having lower resistance compared to wires

of the same thickness and length.

High / large

Having higher resistance compared to wires of the same thickness and length.

16e.m.f. of cellLarge / bigSupply a larger current through the same

resistance.

17Power (of electrical

device)

High / large

Uses more energy per second

18Voltage (working

voltage of electrical

device)

High

Needs a smaller current to produce a fixed

amount of power.

19Range

(of an ammeter)Big

Can measure large current

Usually has a lower sensitivity

20Range

(of a voltmeter)Big

Can measure higher voltage

Usually has a lower sensitivity

21Half-lifeShort

Decays faster

Reactivity decreases faster

Long

Decays slowly

Reactivity decreases slowly

Radioactivity lasts longer

22RigidityLowChanges shape easily when acted upon by

external force

HighDoes not change shape easily when acted

upon by external force

23StrengthLowBreaks easily / breaks under small external

Force

HighDifficult to break / Needs a large force to

Break

24Surface tensionLowWet a surface (glass) easily

HighDoes not wet a surface easily

25Rate of rustingLowDoes not rust easily / quickly

HighHigh Rust easily / quickly

RAMALAN 2012

TOPICPAPER 1PAPER 2PAPER 3

Introduction of PhysicsMicrometer

Scalar & vector

Error

Scientific Investigation

Vernier Caliper

Micrometer

Triple Beam BalanceMicrometer

Triple Beam Balance

Design Experiment

Pendulum system

Force & MotionTicker timer

Motion Graph

Inertia

Effect of Force

Garvity & Free FallTicker Timer

Momentum

Motion Graph

Inertia

Momentum

Effect of Force

Garvity & Free Fall

Force & Mass

Force & PressurePressure

Pascal Principle

Pressure

Liquid Pressure

Atmospheric Pressure

Archimedes Principle

Bernoulli Priciple

Design Experiment

Depth & Pressure

HeatSpecific Heat Capacity

Gas LawsThermal Equilibrium

Latent Haet

Specific Heat Capacity

Essay

Design Experiment

Boyle Laws

Charles Laws

LightRefraction

Total internal reflection Lense

Refraction

Total Internal reflection

microscope

EssayReal Depth & real depth

Object & Image distance

Design Experiment

Incident angle & refraction angle

WavesRefraction of waves

Diffraction of Waves

Sound wavesDiffraction

Reflection

Resonance

Electromagnetic wavesEssayInterference

ElectricSeries & Parallel

Ohm LawsInternal Resistance

EMF

EMF

Electrical energy & power

EssayOhms Laws

Design Experiment

Ohm Laws

ElectromagnetForce in current carrying conductor

Electromagnetic

Induction

Generation & Transmission

Transformer

Natinal grid Network

Electromagnetic

Induction

Generation & TransmissionDesign Experiment

Force depend on number of turnInduced current increase when no of turn increase

Electronic

Semiconductor

Transisitor

Logic GatesCRO

Semiconductor

Transisitor

Logic Gates

EssayBase Currrnt & Collector Current

RadioactiveNucleus of atom

The use of radioisotope

Proper management of radioactive substance

Nuclear Fusion

Nuclear Fission

Half LifeNuclear Fusion

Nuclear Fission

Handling Radioistope substance

Pipe Leaking Test

Determine the thickness of Paper--

WAHAI ANAKKU , CARILAH ILMU , KERANA APABILA ENGKAU MENJADI FAKIR ,

MAKA ILMU ITULAH HARTAMU , AKAN TETAPI JIKA ENGKAU KAYA ,ILMU ITU MENJADI PERHIASAN DIRIMU.( LUQMAN AL-HAKIM )

KAEDAH MENGINGAT Pneumonik

( TECHNIQUES TO REMEMBER)

1. Factor affecting the spring constant k

MatMaterials

ArabArrangement

TIDUR Thickness // Diameter of wire

DALAM Diameter of coil // Area

LORILength of spring

2. Trivalent Impurities // Dopant GABINGaGalium

BBoron

InIndium

3 Pentavalent Impurities // Dopant PANAS

PPhosphorus

AnAntimoni

AsArsenic

4 Factor affecting the resistance R

MatMaterials

ArabArrangement series or parallel

TIDUR Thickness // Diameter of wire

DALAM Diameter of coil // Area

LORILength of spring

TangkiTemperature

5 SUSUNAN WARNA SPEKTRUM . MAK JUAL KACANG HIJAU BANYAK IA UNTUNG.

Ini adalah kaedah mereka cerita dan akronim iaitu MOKHBIU.

M= MERAHO = ORANGEK = KUNINGH = HIJAUB = BANYAKI = INDIGOU= UNGU

6 ISOTOP: Same Proton Kaedah ini untuk mengingati maksud isotop iaitu unsur yang mempunyai

bilangan proton yang sama.

7 ANTINOD AT Amplitud Tinggi Kaedah ini adalah untuk mengingati maksud antinod iaitu dengan mengingati

AT yang bermakna amplitud tinggi. 8 BIASAN GELOMBANG AIR DCD( Dalam cetek Dekat)// DST (Deep shallow towards) Kaedah ini untuk mengingati arah perambatan gelombang apabila gelombang

air merambat dari kawasan dalam ke cetek ia akan mendekati garis normal

BIASAN GELOMBANG AIR: CDJ (Cetek Dalam jauh) // SDA

(Shallow deep away) Kaedah ini untuk mengingati arah perambatan gelombang apabila gelombang air merambat dari kawasan cetek ke dalam ia akan menjauhi garis normal. 9. TUKAR C KE KELVIN: CK 273 Kaedah ini untuk mengingati kaedah menukar unit suhu dari Celcius kepada

Kelvin. Caranya adalah dengan menambah 273 kepada suhu dalam celcius.

Contohnya:

30C = 30 + 273 = 300 K 10 Factor affect the strength of electromagnet

Current , Core , Coil

. 11. PETUA TANGAN KIRI/KANAN FLEMING: FBI

(F = Force, B= Magnetic field , I = Current) . 12 JISIM ATOM : JAPAN Kaedah ini untuk mengingati maksud jsim atom.

J= Jisim A= Atom P = Proton A = Add N = Neutron

13 KAEDAH GRAF: MAXIS (Manipulated Variable at X axis.) Kaedah ini adalah untuk mengingati paksi X adalah untuk Manipulated

Variable.

14 PEMBIASAN GELOMBANG CAHAYA: (LEBIH KURANG JA ) Jika sinar cahaya merambat dari medium lebih tumpat kepada medium kurang tumpat maka sinar itu akan dibiaskan menjauhi garis normal.

15 KUANTITI ASAS FIZIK: (MASPJ) -Kaedah ini adalah untuk mengingati contoh bagi kuantiti asas fizik iaitu masa, arus, suhu,panjang dan jisim.

M = masa A = arus S = suhu P= panjang J = Jisim16 Use Fleming Left Hand Rule or Fleming Right Hand Rule

Fleming Left Hand RuleFleming Right Hand Rule

F - ForceB Magnetic Field I - CurrentF- Force

B Magnetic Field

I Induced Currnt

Find force directionFind Induced current

Peace Pistol

Use currentProduce induced current

Battery // power supplyGalvanometer

Application

MotorDynamo

17 Unit conversionTimes( X )

prefixes

No prefixes

Divide ( )

18 Prefixes

PakPiko-12

NanoNano-9

MendapatMikro-6

MaklumatMili-3

CanggihCenti-2

Dari Desi-1

Kawan Kilo+3

MegaMega+6

GigaGiga+9

TeraTera+12

19. Types of energy loss in transformer

TypesWay to reduce

Raja Resistance of wireCopper

EddyEddy currentLaminate

HysteriaHyterisisSoft iron core

LagiFlux leakageWrap secondary coil on primary coil in same core

20 Right Hand Grip Rule

Find direction

magnetic fieldPolarity of solenoid

ThumbCurrentNorth pole

Curling fingerDirection magnetic fieldDirection of current

Maxwell screw ruleClockwise=South pole

Anti clockwise = North

SEMOGA BERJAYA.I have not failed, I have just 10 000 ways that wont work

Thomas Alva Edison -

ILMU ITU DIDAPATI DARIPADA LIDAH YANG SUKA BERTANYA DAN

AKAL YANG SUKA BERFIKIR.