By Joseph Park, Eric Wiskocil, Ryan Sanchez, Jeff Janssen

Phylum

PoriferaHow does the animal remove nitrogenous waste from its body fluids? What structures evolve to make this process more efficient?

Porifera diffuse waste by a single outer layer of cells that separates the inner cellular region from the external environment.

Wastes diffuse from cells into water as water flows through the body.

http://www.middleschoolscience.com/spong.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Porifera_body_structures_01.png/439px-

Porifera_body_structures_01.png

Phylum

CnidariaHow does the animal remove nitrogenous waste from its body fluids? What structures evolve to make this process more efficient?

Cnidarians remove nitrogenous waste through its mouth.

Their bodies are saclike, with only two cell layers the outer skin or ectoderm and inner lining to the gut, endoderm.

http://www.aloha.com/~lifeguards/jellie75.jpg

http://biology.unm.edu/ccouncil/Biology_203/Images/SimpleAnimals/cn

idariaDiagram.jpeg

Phylum

PlatyhelminthesHow does the animal remove nitrogenous waste from its body fluids? What structures evolve to make this process more efficient?

Platyhelminthes excrete waste through flame cells.They have a congregation of sensory organs and nervous tissues at one end of their body giving them a distinct head and tail. Excrete digestive waste products through their mouth.

Phylum Annelida

Animals remove the nitrogenous waste from producing urine in nephridia, filter through nephrostomes, ejected through excretory pores.

The development of nephridia and pores help Annelids excrete waste

Step up from platyhelminthyes

How does the animal

remove nitrogenous waste

from its body fluids? What

structures evolve to make

this process more efficient?

http://www.kidport.com/RefLib/Science/animals/Images/Worms.JPG

Some characteristics they are

bilateral, two or more cell layers,

tissues and organs, true coelom,

through gut and mouth and anus.

http://image.tutorvista.com/content/excretion-and-osmoregulation/earthworm-

cross-section.jpeg

Phylum Molluska

Animal removes the nitrogenous waste from producing urine in nephridia, filter through nephrostomes, ejected through excretory pores.

Development of ctendidial gills, and two kidneys

Step up from Annelids

How does the animal

remove nitrogenous waste

from its body fluids? What

structures evolve to make

this process more efficient?

http://www.scienceclarified.com/images/uesc_07_img0379.jpg

Some characteristics that Mollusks

have are that they have bilateral, two or

more cell layers, tissues and organs,

no cavity, gas exchange organs called

(ctendidial) gills, through gut and with

mouth and anus.http://www.infovisual.info/02/008_en.html

Phylum

EchinodermataEchinoderms have a exoskeleton, an unique water

vascular system that includes tube feet with

suction cups, coelomate and deutersomes.

Same complexity as mollusks

How does the animal

remove nitrogenous waste

from it’s body fluids? What

structures evolve to make

this process more efficient?

The digestive wastes are

released through the anus,

and the nitrogenous wastes

are excreted as ammonia

through the tube feet. The

development of tube feet

helps echinoderms excrete

wastes.

http://www.edc.uri.edu/restoration/html/gallery/images/inverts/aforbesi.jpg

Phylum

Arthropoda

Arthropods remove nitrogenous waste through the malphigian tubules, diffusion into water development of malphigian tubes.

The development of malphigian tubes helps the Arthropods help excrete the water

Step up from echinodermata

How does the animal

remove nitrogenous waste

from its body fluids? What

structures evolve to make

this process more efficient?

http://library.thinkquest.org/03oct/01564/images/crabs.jpg

(Crab)

http://robinhoodmarinecenter.com/action_news/uploads/lobste

r1.jpg (Lobster)

Some key characteristics they have

are that they have segmented bodies,

jointed appendages, exoskeleton, and

they bilateral symmetry.

Phylum

ChondrichthyesHow does the animal

remove nitrogenous waste

from it’s body fluids? What

structures evolve to make

this process more efficient?

Chondrichthyes remove

nitrogenous wastes as

ammonia as a fluid through

the tail. The development if

pores in the tail help

chondrichthyes remove

wastes.

Step UP from arthropods

This phylum has developed cells, tissues, organs and

gills.

http://wse113466.ta35.talkactive.net//pictures/arter/28/big/vithajklausjost.jpg

http://dj003.k12.sd.us/SCHOOL%20NOTES/chapter_12.htm

Phylum

OsteichthyesHow does the animal

remove nitrogenous waste

from it’s body fluids? What

structures evolve to make

this process more efficient?

The wastes are stored in

blood, until the kidneys filter

them out and are excreted.

The development of kidneys

help the animal’s excretion.

Same complexity as

chondrichthyes

Kidneys and gills are essential characteristics

http://www.curator.org/legacyvmnh/weboflife/kingdom/p_chordata/ClassOsteichthyes/ClassOsteichthyes/spiny_boxfish.htm

Phylum

Amphibia

How does the animal

remove nitrogenous waste

from its body fluids? What

structures evolve to make

this process more efficient?

Amphibians have evolved

kidneys and are able to filter

their blood and excrete their

wastes in urine. Ammonia is

filtered out and converted

into uric acid.

http://visual.merriam-webster.com/images/animal-kingdom/amphibians/examples-amphibians_2.jpg

Phylum

Reptilia

Same complexity as amphibia

How does the animal remove nitrogenous waste from its body fluids? What Structures evolve to make this process more efficient?

Reptiles have kidneys that filter wastes from the blood and the wastes are excreted in urine. The ammonia is changed into uric acid and excreted through the urine.

Phylum

AvesHow does the animal remove nitrogenous waste from its body fluids? What structures evolve to make this process more efficient?

Aves has kidneys that filter the blood and remove nitrogenous wastes and digestive wastes. The ammonia is converted into uric acid which is excreted in cloaca, a white, sticky substance.

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/diapsids/birds/snowyowl.gif

A step up from Reptilia

ConclusionThe excretion of animals have developed over time

creating, specialized cells, organs and organ systems, such as kidneys, excretion pores, gut, lungs and gills.

Major changes occur between porifera and cnidaria with the development of cell layers and gut. Later organs are found starting from platyhelminthes.

Porifera

Cnidaria

Platyhelminthes

Annelids

Mollusks

Echinodermata

Arthropods

Chondrichthyes

Osteichthyes

Amphibia

Reptilia

Aves

Stair-Step Diagram of the Excretory

System

Bibliographyhttp://www.middleschoolscience.com/spong.jpg

http://www.aloha.com/~lifeguards/jellie75.jpg

http://www.kidport.com/RefLib/Science/animals/Image

s/Worms.JPG

http://www.edc.uri.edu/restoration/html/gallery/images/in

verts/aforbesi.jpg

http://www.scienceclarified.com/images/uesc_07_img0379.jpg

http://library.thinkquest.org/03oct/01564/image

s/crabs.jpg

http://robinhoodmarinecenter.com/action_news

/uploads/lobster1.jpg

http://wse113466.ta35.talkactive.net//pictures/arter/28/big/vithajklausjost.jpg

http://www.curator.org/legacyvmnh/weboflife/kingdom/p_chordata/Clas

sOsteichthyes/ClassOsteichthyes/spiny_boxfish.htm

http://visual.merriam-webster.com/images/animal-

kingdom/amphibians/examples-amphibians_2.jpg

http://christiansotophoto.com/Reptiles%20

and%20Amphibians/arles_gallery/images/

Reptiles-04.JPG

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/diapsids/birds/snowyowl.gif