By Leeah, Amalya, and thea

Stereotypes

InstructionsInstructions

• Write down stereotypes you Write down stereotypes you know/haveknow/have

• Any race, religion, culture, sexual Any race, religion, culture, sexual orientation (etc.)orientation (etc.)

• Don’t write nameDon’t write name

• Be honest! Be honest!

Stereotypes in MediaStereotypes in Media

Stereotypes in Media cont.Stereotypes in Media cont.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lymN3fl2dfkmN3fl2dfk

• CBS apologizes for OutKast performance"It was the most disgusting set of racial stereotypes aimed at American Indians that I have ever seen on TV," NACC board member Sean Freitas said in the online statement. "It was on par with white people dancing sexually in black face, or yarmulkes ... I am shocked and outraged." LOS ANGELES, California (Reuters) -- CBS television issued a new round of apologies, this time for any offense taken at the American Indian-motif Grammy Awards performance by the hip-hop group OutKast that some Native Americans have condemned as racist.

Response to PerformanceResponse to Performance

Retyped as website is out of service where this originally appeared. I am sure the teacher Retyped as website is out of service where this originally appeared. I am sure the teacher who wrote it would definitely want to know it’s still being shared. It’s a good example who wrote it would definitely want to know it’s still being shared. It’s a good example of a letter for the purposes of this class!of a letter for the purposes of this class!

February 11, 2004February 11, 2004LETTER FROM AN EDUCATORLETTER FROM AN EDUCATORThe following is by a writer from Atlanta, Georgia. The views expressed are her own. The following is by a writer from Atlanta, Georgia. The views expressed are her own.

They are very useful, however, to those who do not understand why the Outkast They are very useful, however, to those who do not understand why the Outkast broadcast was offensive to so many people. NAC sought permission to post her letter broadcast was offensive to so many people. NAC sought permission to post her letter and she agreed.and she agreed.

February 10, 2004February 10, 2004Dear NACC,Dear NACC,Thank you so much for initiating and organizing the boycott of the organizations that Thank you so much for initiating and organizing the boycott of the organizations that

were responsible for the racist CBS/Grammy broadcast Sunday night. I was very were responsible for the racist CBS/Grammy broadcast Sunday night. I was very shocked by the performance when I saw it, but did not feel capable of expressing in shocked by the performance when I saw it, but did not feel capable of expressing in words how I felt. You have helped me find my voice. Also, I had a helpful phone words how I felt. You have helped me find my voice. Also, I had a helpful phone conversation with one of your volunteers today. Many of the concepts we discussed conversation with one of your volunteers today. Many of the concepts we discussed may be helpful for others (including Outkast) who perhaps do not understand why may be helpful for others (including Outkast) who perhaps do not understand why this was so offensive. As a school teacher I want to be able to share with my students this was so offensive. As a school teacher I want to be able to share with my students what was wrong with Outkast’s performance. So I have summarized the concepts what was wrong with Outkast’s performance. So I have summarized the concepts below. I will be using these in class, so please feel free to share these with other below. I will be using these in class, so please feel free to share these with other educators.educators.

Response to PerformanceResponse to Performance

Why this performance was racist:Why this performance was racist:Making caricatures of any racial group for your own benefit is by definition racist. Popular Making caricatures of any racial group for your own benefit is by definition racist. Popular

white entertainers last century did the same thing when they appropriated what were white entertainers last century did the same thing when they appropriated what were to them the characteristics of African American song and dance in the infamous to them the characteristics of African American song and dance in the infamous ‘black face’ vaudeville type performances. Those performances used stereotypes to ‘black face’ vaudeville type performances. Those performances used stereotypes to demean African American entertainers. That was racist, and so is this.demean African American entertainers. That was racist, and so is this.

Why this performance was exploitative:Why this performance was exploitative:Appropriating the symbols and culture of any racial group for your own commercial Appropriating the symbols and culture of any racial group for your own commercial

benefit is exploitative. Colonialists have been doing the same to many racial groups benefit is exploitative. Colonialists have been doing the same to many racial groups for centuries. Using someone else’s symbols and culture in a commercialized setting for centuries. Using someone else’s symbols and culture in a commercialized setting (network television) for financial gain (record sales) is reprehensible. Had the dancers (network television) for financial gain (record sales) is reprehensible. Had the dancers been wearing Hassidic Jewish, Catholic, or Muslim symbols, they would not have been been wearing Hassidic Jewish, Catholic, or Muslim symbols, they would not have been allowed to perform. CBS and the Grammy Awards and Arista Records obviously did allowed to perform. CBS and the Grammy Awards and Arista Records obviously did not think clearly enough to prevent the airing on a public network of an exploitative not think clearly enough to prevent the airing on a public network of an exploitative performance.performance.

Not only did Outkast exploit racial symbols for their own benefit, they apparently stole Not only did Outkast exploit racial symbols for their own benefit, they apparently stole the Navajo song that was used in the beginning of the performance. Songs are the Navajo song that was used in the beginning of the performance. Songs are handed down from one family to another in many tribes, and cannot be sung by handed down from one family to another in many tribes, and cannot be sung by anyone from outside the family. They certainly are not to be stolen for use on a anyone from outside the family. They certainly are not to be stolen for use on a national telecast. This is not the first time Outkast has stolen something for national telecast. This is not the first time Outkast has stolen something for commercial gain (see the online information about Rosa Park’s lawsuit against commercial gain (see the online information about Rosa Park’s lawsuit against Outkast).Outkast).

Response to PerformanceResponse to Performance

What symbols were offensive?What symbols were offensive?Feathers: Native Americans consider these sacred symbols; they are only worn in Feathers: Native Americans consider these sacred symbols; they are only worn in

religious or ceremonial settings. Eagle feathers in particular represent the sunreligious or ceremonial settings. Eagle feathers in particular represent the sun—the life giving force—in many First American tribes. They are not worn to be —the life giving force—in many First American tribes. They are not worn to be mocked, or as ‘entertainment.’ mocked, or as ‘entertainment.’

Feather headdresses: These are only worn by venerated people who have earned Feather headdresses: These are only worn by venerated people who have earned the honor. Exploiting others is not a way to earn this honor. Headdresses in the honor. Exploiting others is not a way to earn this honor. Headdresses in many cultures represent something spiritual, religious, or ceremonial. many cultures represent something spiritual, religious, or ceremonial.

War paint: Paint is another sacred symbol for Native Americans. People traveled War paint: Paint is another sacred symbol for Native Americans. People traveled many miles to special mines and quarries to obtain minerals for the paint. It many miles to special mines and quarries to obtain minerals for the paint. It was only worn in extreme situations, and only after much fasting and prayer. A was only worn in extreme situations, and only after much fasting and prayer. A person was ‘dressed’ in paint prior to burial or cremation as just one example person was ‘dressed’ in paint prior to burial or cremation as just one example of the importance of body paint to many tribes. of the importance of body paint to many tribes.

War ‘whoop’” this yell was used as a racial epithet against many Native American War ‘whoop’” this yell was used as a racial epithet against many Native American elders when they attended public schools in the 1950s and 60s. It is still used elders when they attended public schools in the 1950s and 60s. It is still used today in offensive sports situations. It represents a ‘savage’ or ‘primitive’ or today in offensive sports situations. It represents a ‘savage’ or ‘primitive’ or ‘uncivilized’ view of First Americans and that is repugnant and false. ‘uncivilized’ view of First Americans and that is repugnant and false.

Leather fringe: used by Outkast for hot pants and bras for dancers who are Leather fringe: used by Outkast for hot pants and bras for dancers who are bumping and grinding; this is an offensive way to ‘honor’ First Americans.bumping and grinding; this is an offensive way to ‘honor’ First Americans.

Response to PerformanceResponse to Performance

The history of stereotyping Native AmericansThe history of stereotyping Native AmericansThis is a long and complex topic, but several observations are clear from the Grammy incident.This is a long and complex topic, but several observations are clear from the Grammy incident.Americans have for many years stereotyped our indigenous people in an unchallenged Americans have for many years stereotyped our indigenous people in an unchallenged

manner. One could almost say that as a nation we are so used to it, we do not even manner. One could almost say that as a nation we are so used to it, we do not even question it. Old western movies, romance novels, Disney films, Buffalo Bill shows—all have question it. Old western movies, romance novels, Disney films, Buffalo Bill shows—all have contributed to the pervasiveness of these stereotypes. contributed to the pervasiveness of these stereotypes.

Americans overall are in denial about First Americans. Genocide and ethnic cleansing on our Americans overall are in denial about First Americans. Genocide and ethnic cleansing on our own lands, by our own leaders, are uncomfortable topics in mainstream culture, and this own lands, by our own leaders, are uncomfortable topics in mainstream culture, and this creates a void that allows broadcasts like CBS’ to go unchallenged. creates a void that allows broadcasts like CBS’ to go unchallenged.

Public broadcast regulations may be skewed. The huge outcry over the Super Bowl incident on Public broadcast regulations may be skewed. The huge outcry over the Super Bowl incident on CBS the week before versus the Grammy broadcast is indicative. Is a body part more CBS the week before versus the Grammy broadcast is indicative. Is a body part more offensive than racism against an entire class of people in our society, when both are offensive than racism against an entire class of people in our society, when both are broadcast on public airwaves? Reasonable people can differ on this, but the weak broadcast on public airwaves? Reasonable people can differ on this, but the weak responses of CBS, Arista, NARAS, etc., indicate that a breast is more important than the responses of CBS, Arista, NARAS, etc., indicate that a breast is more important than the racial stereotyping of Native Americans on air.racial stereotyping of Native Americans on air.

There are other issues in this controversy that are interesting to me, including the connection There are other issues in this controversy that are interesting to me, including the connection between indigenous communities and the African American community. As an African between indigenous communities and the African American community. As an African American woman with Choctaw heritage, I am interested to hear more about this. Perhaps American woman with Choctaw heritage, I am interested to hear more about this. Perhaps you can share with the public some thoughts on this topic from those who are more you can share with the public some thoughts on this topic from those who are more thoughtful on it than I am.thoughtful on it than I am.

Thank you again for your good work,Thank you again for your good work,Bernice BrownBernice BrownAtlanta, GeorgiaAtlanta, Georgia

Peter Pan and PocahontasPeter Pan and Pocahontas

Peter Pan and PocahontasPeter Pan and Pocahontas

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dqHMbl9j3Ehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dqHMbl9j3E• http://http://www.youtube.com/watch?vwww.youtube.com/watch?v=v1klLTb1rbE=v1klLTb1rbE• Portray Natives as “natural”, all talk to trees and animals are best friends, Portray Natives as “natural”, all talk to trees and animals are best friends,

savagessavagesAnother common stereotype noted in Disney movies is that of the Native

American. Inthe film Peter Pan, Princess Tiger Lily’s father represents the negative

stereotype of beinguncivilized and savage as he holds Wendy’s brothers hostage. In Pocahontas,

she represents thepositive stereotype who respects the earth and communicates with the trees

and animals (Reese,1996). Although Pocahontas is portrayed in this more positive role, it still

typifies a stereotype.Another major issue with this film is the historical inaccuracies it depicts.

Pocahontas was a realwoman, but very different from the Disney image. She was a child when she met

John Smithand there was no romance between them (Maio, 1999).

PocahontasPocahontas

Peter PanPeter Pan

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_at9dOElQkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_at9dOElQk• I hope your just kidding...I hope your just kidding...

Im full Native American on both sides of my family, I see no wrong Im full Native American on both sides of my family, I see no wrong in this cartoon, I find Disney's Pocahontas more offensive to us in this cartoon, I find Disney's Pocahontas more offensive to us then this. (And we were portrayed as the GOOD guys in that then this. (And we were portrayed as the GOOD guys in that movie)movie)And unless you live outdoors and hunt then you have noAnd unless you live outdoors and hunt then you have no more more reason to complain about how they portray early native american reason to complain about how they portray early native american lifestyle then the Africans do about Negro-slave cartoons.lifestyle then the Africans do about Negro-slave cartoons.Its just a bit of cartoon humor... Its just a bit of cartoon humor...

• understand that you are Native American but this is not "just a bit understand that you are Native American but this is not "just a bit of cartoon humor." Consider it's audience. Young children. Young of cartoon humor." Consider it's audience. Young children. Young children who take pretty much everything they see at face value. children who take pretty much everything they see at face value. This was influencing generations of people to view Native This was influencing generations of people to view Native Americans as less than and ignorant. You might think it's funny Americans as less than and ignorant. You might think it's funny because you know this is not reality but for someone who has no because you know this is not reality but for someone who has no idea? And African-Americans have EVERY right to complain about idea? And African-Americans have EVERY right to complain about slave cartoons. Humor my ass.. slave cartoons. Humor my ass..

What are you What are you going to do to going to do to change this?change this?