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Background InformationMyxobolus cerebralis
Native to Europe and first described in 1903
Currently found in Europe, United States, northern Asia, New Zealand, Morocco, Lebanon, and South Africa
First confirmed in the United States in 1958 in Pennsylvania
Has spread to 25 states
Effects on FishOnly affects salmonid species
Younger fish are more susceptible than older fish
Rainbow Trout is the most susceptible species
Symptoms include skeletal deformities, black tails, and whirling behavior
Can slow growth and increase mortality
Impacts on Wild PopulationsWild populations declined in Western U.S.
Eastern and western coastal populations stable
Decline of single trout species can lead to community composition changes
Food web affected
Impacts on Fish Hatcheries
Destruction of infected fish
Disinfection and renovation of facilities
Closure of some facilities
Money lost and money spent
Prevention in the WildWash and dry all equipment when moving
between bodies of water
Don’t transfer live fish from one place to another
Dispose of unused bait in the trash
Never discard fish parts near the water
Prevention in Fish HatcheriesOnly use groundwater sources for water
Purchase fish that are certified to be whirling disease free
Line raceways with concrete
Frequently clean solids from settling areas
Treatment
There is no treatment for infected fish
Remove infected fish
Disinfect
Follow prevention methods to avoid reintroduction