The Original 13 Colonies

By: Mr. Daniell

The Thirteen Colonies There are two

major reasons for the establishment of a colony; profit or religious freedom.

Colonial FactsReligion vs. Profit

William Penn’s Pennsylvania was the most religiously tolerant colony.

Rhode Island and Connecticut were founded by religious dissidents.

Maryland experienced several civil wars due to religious intolerance.

Virginia was founded by the Virginia Co. for profit.

Georgia was founded as a haven for debtors(people who owed money.

The Carolinas were chartered and financed by eight English noblemen wanting in on the profitable tobacco cash crop.

New England Colonies

Colony # 2: Massachusetts

Founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims.

Plymouth was the original name of the settlement.

John Carver was the leader of the Pilgrims and author of the Mayflower Compact.

Puritans then came and settled Boston (Mass. Bay Colony)

John Winthrop was the governor of this settlement.

New England Colony

Plymouth Plantation, with Cape Cod Bay visible in

the distance

Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor by William Halsall (1882)

Colony # 2: Massachusetts

The first Thanksgiving.

Colony #4: Rhode Island

In 1636, Rhode Island became a colony after Roger Williams, a clergyman, obtained a charter from England to form the colony.

He spoke out against the Puritans strictness and went to this area to settle and provide religious choice.

Rhode Island also had freedom of religion.

New England ColonyRoger Williams

“minister, author”

Colony #5: Connecticut Also founded in

1636 by a clergyman by then name of Thomas Hooker.

He led a group of people from Rhode Island to start their own colony and they had freedom of religion.

New England Colony

A map of the Connecticut, New Haven, and Saybrook colonies.

Colony #9: New Hampshire

Sold to the king of England in 1679.

Royal colony: king chooses governor and no elected government.

New England Colony

Land – rocky soil Climate – Long cold winters and a short

growing season prevented the cultivation of many crops

Major city: Boston

Physical Characteristics of New England Colonies

Immigrants supplied manufacturers

with a new source of labor. Most people lived in cities, towns, or

villages. Rural residents were less common than in the South.

New England Human Characteristics

Pilgrims – founders of Plymouth Colony who came to America for religious freedom

New England Human Characteristics

Puritans – founders of Massachusetts

Bay Colony came to America for religious freedom and to “purify” the Church of England.

New England Human Characteristics

Roger Williams – founded the colony of

Rhode Island (RI)for religious freedom after escaping from imprisonment in Massachusetts Bay Colony (MBC)

New England Human Characteristics

Anne Hutchinson – helped settle Rhode Island after being exiled from Massachusetts Bay Colony

New England Human Characteristics

John Winthrop – Puritan leader of

Boston; governor of Massachusetts; instrumental in the expulsion of Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson

New England Human Characteristics

Manufacturing( fast-flowing rivers

created water power needed for milling)

New England Economic Activities

Trade (deep water harbors and rivers)

New England Economic Activities

Shipping and shipbuilding (harbors)

New England Economic Activities

Lumbering

New England Economic Activities

Furs

New England Economic Activities

Fishing and Whaling

New England Economic Activities

Because of unproductive land and poor

climate, practiced subsistence farming (farming whose products are intended to provide for the basic needs of the farmer, with a small additional amount for trade)(growing enough for your family and a little for trade)

Grew Corn and Wheat

New England Economic Activities

The Middle Colonies

Colony #8: New York

Started as New Netherland, a Dutch colony in 1609

James Duke of York was given it from Charles II.

The English took over in 1664 and renamed it New York.

Middle Colony (Breadbasket Colony)James, Duke of York

Colony #10: Pennsylvania In 1681, William Penn

was granted a charter for land between Maryland and New York.

King Charles was in debt to Penn’s father.

Penn was a Quaker and he gave the people two rights: 1. Freedom of Religion2. Right to elect public officials.

Middle Colony (Breadbasket Colony

Colony #11: Delaware In 1682, the Duke of

York granted William Penn this land.

It became a colony in 1704.

Middle Colony (Breadbasket Colony)

Colony #12: New Jersey

The Duke of York split this land in half for two friends. (East Jersey & West Jersey)

Government quarrels caused them to be combined in 1702.

Middle Colony (Breadbasket Colony)

Map of New Netherland (17th century)

Land – river valleys, fertile soil Climate – mild winters Major city: Philadelphia

Middle Colonies Physical

Characteristics

Most landowners farmed their own land.

Human Characteristics in the Middle Colonies

Religious tolerance More equality and diversity in

society

Human Characteristics in the Middle Colonies

Quakers – wished to worship freely;

treated all people equally, regardless of wealth, religion, race, or gender

Human Characteristics in the Middle Colonies

William Penn – Quaker leader who founded

Pennsylvania, welcoming all who were willing to work; paid the Native Americans for acquired land and signed a peace treaty with them.

(friend of the Indians)

Human Characteristics in the Middle Colonies

Some slave labor was used at small farms.

Human Characteristics in the Middle Colonies

Fertile land produced grains Known as the "Bread Basket"

Economic Activity in the Middle Colonies

Economic Activity in the Middle Colonies

Seaports Iron works

The Southern Colonies

Colony # 1: Virginia Founded in 1607 (Jamestown)

Captain John Smith is given credit for starting this colony.

Many people at this time wanted to leave their homeland in order to have more freedoms and to not be under the strict rule of the kings of England.

Southern Colony

Colony # 1: Virginia

Map of Virginia published by John Smith (1612)

At Jamestown Settlement, replicas of Christopher Newport's 3 ships

are docked in the harbor.

A Pocahontas statue was erected in

Jamestown, Virginia

in 1922

Colony # 3: Maryland

Founded in 1634 by George Calvert who started a charter but didn’t live to see it come true. He believed all people should have religious freedom.

King Charles I was king and didn’t agree with the religious freedom.

In 1649, the Toleration Act was passed that guaranteed equality of rights for everyone for religion.

Southern Colony George Calvert, Lord Baltimore

Colony #6: North Carolina

Founded in 1663 by English nobles.

Charter granted by Charles II.

Charleston: main city was named after Charles II. Became very important port city.

Bad politics forced a split of the colony into North and South.

Southern Colony

King Charles II

Colony #7: South Carolina

In 1729 South Carolina received its name after a political dispute and became a colony.

Had large plantations for growing crops and raising livestock.

Southern Colony

Colony #13: Georgia

It became a colony in 1733.

James Oglethorpe was granted a charter to start Georgia for the poor and unfortunate who leave prison.

It was known as a buffer zone between the Spanish and the English colonies.

Southern Colony

Land –fertile land in the Tidewater

region along the East Coast and coastal regions of the Deep South

Climate – mild winters, long growing season

Major city: Charleston (on Atlantic)was a main ports

Physical Characteristics of the Southern Colonies

Plantation owners depended on slave

labor to cultivate large one-crop operations.

Human Characteristics in the Southern Colonies

First Africans came to Jamestown in

1619 as “ servants” – either slaves or indentured servants

Human Characteristics in the Southern Colonies

Small farms used family labor. Small farms were generally found in the Piedmont region

Human Characteristics in the Southern Colonies

James Oglethorpe – founded the colony of

Georgia as a haven for debtors, Georgia served as a buffer zone with Spanish Florida

Human Characteristics in the Southern Colonies

Most inhabitants (people) lived in rural

areas and were engaged in agriculture. Large plantations produced cash crops:

tobacco, rice, indigo, cotton, and sugar cane

Economic Activity in the Southern Colonies

Economic Activity in the Southern Colonies

Rivers could be navigated for transporting agricultural products to market.

Triangular Trade: During colonial times, a

triangular trade developed between the British colonies and Africa. New England imported sugar and molasses from the West Indies, made it into rum, shipped it, along with iron, to African countries along the west coast, and traded the rum for gold and slaves who were brought to the colonies to work on tobacco and rice plantations in the South.

Growth of Plantation System in the Southern

Colonies

Growth of Plantation System in the Southern

Colonies The Plantation System was based on cash

crops, such as rice, sugar, indigo, or tobacco. Slaves were the source of labor on a plantation. The social structure of the South was based on the number of slaves a planter owned. The largest plantation owners and slaveholders had the highest social status. Poor white non-slaveholders were next. Indentured servants were one social class above the slave. Slaves resisted slavery: an example of a slave rebellion was the Stono Rebellion.

Growth of the Colonies

As the colonies grew their economic, political and religious differences became apparent.Colonies Economic Political Religious

New England Fishing, trade , furs

Town Meetings,most democratic

Congregational Church (Puritan)

Middle Grain farms“Breadbasket”

Representative legislatures

Many churches, religious tolerance

Southern PlantationsTobacco, indigo“cash crops”

Royal system Anglican Church,State church

Generalizations about how the environment affected population

density:

Early settlements were located on rivers and the coastline. This allowed for easy access to a water source as well as transportation for people and goods.

The Appalachian Mountains served as a barrier to westward expansion to the earliest settlers.

Native Americans - Taught early colonists

many important skills for surviving the New World.  They taught colonists how to grow crops such as corn and how to build and travel by canoe.  Many common American words and place names were originally Native American.

Generalizations about contributions of groups to

our national identity

African Americans - Brought with them from

Africa many important skills that they taught white Americans. For instance, they brought with them the knowledge of rice cultivation. African influences also shaped American music, language and food.

Generalizations about contributions of groups to

our national identity

Quakers - Due to religious beliefs, the Quakers

treated all people equally, regardless of wealth, religion, race, or gender. This is why Quakers made significant contributions to reform movements such as abolition, temperance, and women's rights.

Generalizations about contributions of groups to

our national identity

Catholics – Established missions

for Christianizing Indians from the Mississippi River west to the Pacific

Generalizations about contributions of groups to

our national identity

Puritans – Jonathan Edwards, a

Massachusetts preacher, started the revival of interest in religion, called the Great Awakening

Generalizations about contributions of groups to

our national identity