BY: N I C H O L A S R I C H A R D S A N D S H A N G L E E

CENTRAL DOGMA

CENTRAL DOGMA

DNA • Transcription

RNA• Translation

Protein

TRANSCRIPTION

• First step of gene expression• Turning DNA into RNA• Helicase unwinds the DNA, then matches to the complementary

strand of RNA.• The enzyme RNA polymerase is used to match the

complementary strand.• A 5 poly cap is added

• This results in mRNA which is then spliced.

MATCHING

• 1. Enzyme that unzips the DNA

• 2. “Junk genes”• 3. End products of

transcription• 4. Turning RNA to Protein• 5. Enzyme that helps turn

DNA to RNA • 6. End products of

translation• 7. Intermediate step that

modifies RNA.• 8. Genes that are

expressed• 9. Turning DNA to RNA

A. RNA polymeraseB. TranscriptionC. ExonsD. 5prime cap and 3

prime poly tailE. Splicing the RNA

with the spliceosomes.

F. TranslationG. Helicase.H. 3 letter codon for

specific amino acids

TRANSLATION

• A process in where a cellular molecules make protein by using mRNA and tRNA. • Use of codon to determine the amino acids.• The tRNA consist of A site, E site, and P site.• Three steps are initiation, elongation, and

termination.

TRANSLATION

OVERVIEW OF AMINO ACIDS

• After the translation, the amino acid goes through signaling and shaping.• Then the amino acid goes to its appropriate

destination.

Q&A

Transcription is: • A. a word that teacher use to confuse the noodles

out of people • B. the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template • C. the synthesis of proteins from information on a

mRNA • D. the synthesis of polydiester linkages from an

exon • E. the synthesis of brain cells by neurokinetic

means

ANSWER

B

Q&A

Messenger RNA (mRNA) can be best described as: • A. a really cool way of rewriting RNA • B. the atom that carries information to an RNA

template • C. a short lived RNA molecule that carries

encoded information, transcribed from DNA. • D. a chromosome that is only present in

prokaryotes and is involved in DNA synthesis • E. a molecule that has no life and is basically the

news reporter of the cellular environment.

ANSWER

C

Q&A

How does transcription begin?• A. it doesn't, transcription doesn't exist • B. when RNA polymerase binds to a sigma to create a

holoenzyme and the sigma guides the RNA polymerase to certain locations where transcription should begin

• C. some dude brings a flag and says "Hey! Over here!" • D. The non-template strand signals to the binding

receptor that a phospodiester bond is present and ready for action

• E. The RNA polymerase binds to a coding strand located downstream

ANSWER

B

Q&A

• Which of the following identifies the molecules involved in the process of translation a. mRNA only b. mRNA and rRNA only c. mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA d. mRNA, and tRna only

ANSWER

C