Byzantine Empire and Orthodox

ChurchUnit 5

World History

Byzantine Empire

• What do you know about this empire?

• What is the connection with the Roman Empire?

The Origins

• 330 A.D.• Roman emperor Constantine I dedicated a “ __________________” on the

site of the ancient Greek colony of Byzantium• NEW ROME, CONSTANTINOPLE, CAPITAL OF ERE,

BE,______________________________________________ Rome.• Though the western half of the Roman Empire crumbled and fell in 476• the eastern half survived for 1,000 more years, spawning a rich tradition

of art, literature and learning and serving as a military buffer between the states of Europe and the threat of invasion from Asia and Islamic peoples

• The Byzantine Empire finally fell in 1453, after an Ottoman army stormed Constantinople during the reign of Constantine XI.

The Roman Empire

Byzantine Empire

New Roman Empire

• "Byzantine" derives from Byzantium, an ancient _________________________________________________________________

• Located on the European side of the Bosporus (__________________________________________)

• the site of Byzantium was ideally located to serve as a transit and trade point between Europe and Asia Minor

• In 330 A.D., Roman Emperor Constantine I chose Byzantium as the site of a new Roman capital, Constantinople

• Five years earlier, at the Council of Nicaea, Constantine had established Christianity (once an obscure Jewish sect) as Rome's official religion

• Constantinople and the rest of the Eastern Roman Empire identified strongly as Romans and Christians, though many of them spoke Greek and not Latin

THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND CHRISTIANITY• official language was ___________• Greek was also widely spoken, and students received education in Greek

history• religion: the Council of Chalcedon in 451• division of the Christian world into

___________________________________________________________________________• 1 Rome (where the patriarch would later call himself pope• 2 Constantinople• 3 Alexandria• 4 Antioch• 5 Jerusalem• (Beginning of Roman Catholic Church )• Byzantine emperor was the patriarch of Constantinople, and the head of

both church and state• (After the Islamic empire absorbed ____________,_____________ and __________

in the seventh century, the Byzantine emperor would become the spiritual leader of most eastern Christians

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CONSTANTINOPLECITY OF CONSTANTINECAPITAL OF B.E. (E.R.E) AND LATER THE ISLAMIC OTTOMAN TURK EMPIRE

Constantinople

• built on seven hills and the ___________and the ___________________.

• impregnable fortress with 3 surrounding walls enclosing magnificent palaces, domes and towers

• The Church of ______________________

• _________________________

• The________________

Hagia Sophia

What is next…

HOLY WISDOMJUSTINIANEASTERN ORTHODOXROMAN CATHOLICMUSLIM MOSQUEMUSEUM

Hippodrome Hippo/Horse raceway

The Grand Palace

Justinian

Justinian the Great__________________ from 527to 565revived the Empire's greatness and reconquered the lost ________________of the classical Roman Empire.

General Belisarius

Justinian’s Legacy

• Legacy

• rewriting of Roman law, the ________________________

• Byzantine culture

• ______________, which was to be the center of ________________________________________

• ___________________) in the early 540s marked the end of an age of splendor

• The Empire entered a period of territorial decline not to be reversed until the ninth century.

• P___________, historian, provides the primary source for the history of Justinian's reign

• his empress, __________, improved role of women in empire

Theodoraexpanded the rightsof women in divorce and property ownershipinstituted the death penaltyfor rapeforbade exposure of unwantedinfantsgave mothers some guardianshiprights over their childrenand forbade the killing of a wifewho committed adulteryProcopius wrote that shewas naturally inclined to assistwomen in misfortune

EASTERN ORTHODOX CHRISTIANITY

• The Eastern Orthodox Church

• Orthodox Catholic Church

• commonly referred to as the Orthodox Church

• second largest Christian church in the world

• 300 million adherents

• __________and _______________________

• religious denomination of the majority of the populations of __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

• traces its development back through the _________ or ______ empire, to the earliest church established by ________ and the Apostles

• _______ can be found adorning the walls of ________________facing east.

Great Schism

• Division _________ into ______________________________________, which later became known as the _____________________________and the ______________________________, respectively

• Relations between East and West had long been due to ______________________________________________