Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire

Mr. MillhouseMr. Millhouse

AP World HistoryAP World History

Hebron High SchoolHebron High School

Fall of the Roman EmpireFall of the Roman Empire

164—Plague spreads through Rome164—Plague spreads through Rome

180—End of Pax Romana180—End of Pax Romana

300—Diocletian divides the Empire300—Diocletian divides the Empire

313—Christianity tolerated313—Christianity tolerated

410—Visigoths sack Rome410—Visigoths sack Rome

455—Vandals sack Rome455—Vandals sack Rome

476—Fall of the Western Roman 476—Fall of the Western Roman EmpireEmpire

Eastern Rome: A Survivor SocietyEastern Rome: A Survivor Society• Constantine established

the Eastern capital at Byzantium• Constantinople

• Reasons for Survival• Higher level of civilization

• Fewer nomadic invasions• Geography

• Prosperous commerce

Justinian (527-565)Justinian (527-565)

• Byzantine empire reached greatest size• Wanted to rebuild Roman Empire

• Temporarily Re-conquered N. Africa, Italy and southern Spain

• Wife, Theodora, had considerable power

• Rebuilt Constantinople• Hagia Sophia

• Justinian’s Code

Byzantine Empire under JustinianByzantine Empire under Justinian

Hagia Sophia

Sui ChinaSilla

Parhae

YamotoJapan

Harsha’ Empire

Chalukya

Avar Kingdom

Frankish Kingdoms

GhanaAxum

SassanidEmpire

Byzantine Empire

States and Empires in 600 CEStates and Empires in 600 CE

Sui ChinaSilla

Parhae

YamotoJapan

Harsha’ Empire

Chalukya

Avar Kingdom

Frankish Kingdoms

GhanaAxum

SassanidEmpire

Byzantine EmpireSui China

Silla

Parhae

YamotoJapan

Harsha’ Empire

Chalukya

Avar Kingdom

Frankish Kingdoms

GhanaAxum

SassanidEmpire

Byzantine Empire

States and Empires in 600 CEStates and Empires in 600 CE

Threat of IslamThreat of Islam

• Arab peoples conquered parts of ByzantiumArab peoples conquered parts of Byzantium• Prolonged sieges of Constantinople Prolonged sieges of Constantinople

• Byzantine survived partly because of "Greek fire" Byzantine survived partly because of "Greek fire"

• Imperial organization Imperial organization • Government run by trained bureaucracy & armyGovernment run by trained bureaucracy & army

• Theme SystemTheme System• Provinces organized on a military basisProvinces organized on a military basis

• Ruled by a general who ran army & civil bureaucracyRuled by a general who ran army & civil bureaucracy

• Responsible for protecting peasantsResponsible for protecting peasants

• Aristocrats limited by army, emperor, & bureaucracy Aristocrats limited by army, emperor, & bureaucracy

Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire

Ghana

Carolingian

Byzantine

Abbasid Caliphate

Axum

Gurjara-Pratihara

Tang China

Srivijaya

Parhae

Silla

Cordoba Caliphate

Heian Japan

States and Empires in 800 CEStates and Empires in 800 CE

Ghana

Carolingian

Byzantine

Abbasid Caliphate

Axum

Gurjara-Pratihara

Tang China

Srivijaya

Parhae

Silla

Cordoba Caliphate

Heian Japan

Ghana

Carolingian

Byzantine

Abbasid Caliphate

Axum

Gurjara-Pratihara

Tang China

Srivijaya

Parhae

Silla

Cordoba Caliphate

Heian Japan

States and Empires in 800 CEStates and Empires in 800 CE

ConstantinopleConstantinople

• “Second Rome”• Key trading route Key trading route

linking Europe, Africa linking Europe, Africa and Asiaand Asia• Buffer between Buffer between

Western Europe and Western Europe and AsiaAsia

• Europe’s busiest Europe’s busiest marketplacemarketplace

Byzantine EconomyByzantine Economy

• Government prevented Government prevented wealthy from seizing wealthy from seizing peasant’s landpeasant’s land• Free peasantry declined in Free peasantry declined in

the 11the 11thth century century• Craftsmen and merchants Craftsmen and merchants

were respectedwere respected• Glassware & mosaicsGlassware & mosaics

• Thriving silk industryThriving silk industry• Monopolized by the Monopolized by the

governmentgovernment

Great Schism (1054)Great Schism (1054)

• Byzantine emperors tended to combine Byzantine emperors tended to combine political and religious authoritypolitical and religious authority

• Dispute over use of Dispute over use of iconsicons• Iconoclasm—Attempt to suppress icon veneration Iconoclasm—Attempt to suppress icon veneration

in 8in 8thth c. c.

• Schism occurs in 1054Schism occurs in 1054• Final break over the type of bread used in the mass

and the celibacy of priests• Or was it?

Catholicism vs. OrthodoxCatholicism vs. Orthodox

• Western EuropeWestern Europe• Pope in RomePope in Rome• Priests practice Priests practice

celibacycelibacy• Latin LanguageLatin Language• Most important holy Most important holy

day Christmasday Christmas

• Eastern EuropeEastern Europe• Patriarch in Patriarch in

ConstantinopleConstantinople• Clergy could marryClergy could marry• Greek LanguageGreek Language• Most important holy Most important holy

day Easterday Easter

Effects of the Great SchismEffects of the Great Schism

Byzantine CultureByzantine Culture

• Cultural FoundationsCultural Foundations• Christian beliefsChristian beliefs

• Greek learningGreek learning

• Roman engineeringRoman engineering

• Byzantine EducationByzantine Education• State-organized schoolsState-organized schools

• Widespread literacyWidespread literacy

• Chariot RacesChariot Races• Blues vs. GreensBlues vs. Greens

• Riot of 532Riot of 532

Byzantine DeclineByzantine Decline

• The long decline began in 11th century.• Seljuk Turks seized most of the Asian provinces

• Remove an important source of taxes and food• Crusaders, led by Venetian merchants, sacked

Constantinople in 1204• A smaller empire struggled to survive for another

two centuries• In 1453, the Ottoman Turks conquered

Constantinople

Byzantine ChallengesByzantine Challenges

Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire

Mali

Oyo Benin

Zimbabwe

Zanj City-States

Ethiopia VijayanagaraSiam

Majapahit

Ashikaga Japan

Korea

Marinids HafsidsMamluk Sultanate

Granada

Portugal Castile

France

ScotlandEngland

Union of Kalmar

Holy Roman Empire

Poland-Lithuania

Hungary

Ottoman Emp.

Russian States

Khanate of the Golden Horde

JagataiKhanate

Ming China

Timurid Empire

States and Empires in 1400 CEStates and Empires in 1400 CE

Mali

Oyo Benin

Zimbabwe

Zanj City-States

Ethiopia VijayanagaraSiam

Majapahit

Ashikaga Japan

Korea

Marinids HafsidsMamluk Sultanate

Granada

Portugal Castile

France

ScotlandEngland

Union of Kalmar

Holy Roman Empire

Poland-Lithuania

Hungary

Ottoman Emp.

Russian States

Khanate of the Golden Horde

JagataiKhanate

Ming China

Timurid Empire

States and Empires in 1400 CEStates and Empires in 1400 CE

Rise of RussiaRise of Russia

• Area inhabited by SlavsArea inhabited by Slavs• Vikings arrive using river Vikings arrive using river

systemsystem

• Set up state based on trade Set up state based on trade & conquest around 9& conquest around 9thth CenturyCentury• State founded by RurikState founded by Rurik

• Capital at KievCapital at Kiev

• People called RusPeople called Rus

Russia & ChristianityRussia & Christianity

• Prince Vladimir converted Prince Vladimir converted in 989 in 989 • Converted for trade, Converted for trade,

commercial reasonscommercial reasons

• Elites baptized by order of Elites baptized by order of prince, often against willprince, often against will

• Served as conduit for Served as conduit for spread of Byzantine spread of Byzantine culture, religionculture, religion

• Cyrillic Alphabet Cyrillic Alphabet

Kievan RusKievan Rus

• ““Third Rome”Third Rome”• Decentralized Decentralized

governmentgovernment• Divided into Divided into

provincesprovinces

• Constant strife Constant strife between boyars and between boyars and princesprinces

• Constant threat of Constant threat of nomadic invasionnomadic invasion