C. Difficile Mike Edmond

7/23/2019 C. Difficile Mike Edmond

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-difficile-mike-edmond 1/48

Lbfcak` Kmldjm, LM, L_C, L_A^bfca~m _* Ykjuk` _~dhkvvd~ dh Bj}k~ja` LkmbfbjkFcab~, Mbxbvbdj dh Bjhkf}bd{v Mbvkavkv

Cdvpb}a` Kpbmklbd`dibv}

F`dv}~bmb{l F`dv}~bmb{l

mbhhbfb`k mbhhbfb`k

55Yca}Yca}‒‒v jky4v jky4



I~alpdvb}bxk ~dm

Ajak~dnk

Vpd~khd~lbji

Aj}bnbd}bfv caxk jd af}bxb}r aiabjv} F* mbhhbfb`k vpd~kv

]dsbjp~dm{fbji

]~ajvlbvvbdj }rpbfa``r dff{~v xba }ck d~a`hkfa` ~d{}k

F`dv}~bmb{l mbhhbfb`k



>= hd`m bjf~kavk bj bjfbmkjfk dxk~ }ck pav} mkfamk

Bjf~kavbji bjfbmkjfk dh fdll{jb}rafq{b~km favkv #{p }d6?+ dh favkv"

Jky ~bvg i~d{pv #pk~bpa~}{l ydlkj, fcb`m~kj"

Bjf~kavkm ld~nbmb}r ( ld~}a`b}r dh FMB m{k }d klk~ikjfkdh a crpk~xb~{`kj} v}~abjv

Kxd`xbji Kpbmklbd`dir dh FMB

@dXkffcbd A, Uaf{~ IL* F{~~ Dpbjbdj Iav}~dkj}k~d` >?1>7>3512*



J{lnk~ dh papk~v p{n`bvckm



FMB ]k~lbjd`dir

Cdvpb}a`bua}bdj

=3 c 0= ykkgv =1> ykkgv :1> ykkgv

FDCFHA CDCFHA FDCFHA Bjmk}k~lbja}k FAFMB

FD < fdll{jb}r djvk}CD < cka`}cfa~k hafb`b}r djvk}FA < fdll{jb}r avvdfba}km

CFHA < cka`}cfa~k hafb`b}r avvdfba}km

Fdckj VC* VCKA$BMVA I{bmk`bjk* Bjhkf} Fdj}~d` Cdvp Kpbmklbd` >?1?7615=61<=;;*



Vd{~fk dh F* mbhhbfb`k bjhkf}bdj

Af}bxk v{~xkb`àjfk v}{mr bj Ldj~dk Fd{j}r, JR dxk~ a 8ldj}c pk~bdm bj>??37 688 favkv bmkj}bhbkm

M{lra}b I k} a`* Klk~i Bjhkf} Mbv >?1>713562>=??*



Amxajfkm aik

M{~a}bdj dh cdvpb}a`bua}bdj

Kspdv{~k }d aj}bnbd}bfv #cbick~ ~bvg yb}c `djik~ kspdv{~k (l{`}bp`k aj}bnbd}bfv"

Fajfk~ fckld}ck~apr

CBX

Bjhàlla}d~r ndyk` mbvkavk

La`j{}~b}bdj

Vd`bm d~iaj ( ndjk la~~dy }~ajvpàj}a}bdj

_~kxbd{v IB v{~ik~r

]{nk hkkmbji

C> n`dfgk~v, __Bv

^bvg haf}d~v hd~ FMB

@dXkffcbd A, Uaf{~ IL* F{~~ Dpbjbdj Iav}~dkj}k~d` >?1>7>3512*



1;rka~ #1221>??;", pdp{à}bdjnavkm v}{mr dh FMB bj D`lv}kam Fd{j}r, LJKpbmklbd`dir dh FMB

Gcajja V* Al E Iav}~dkj}k~d` >?1>71?95322;*

Fdll{jb}rafq{b~km#j<1;9" Cka`}cfa~k hafb`b}rafq{b~km #j<12>" _

Aik, lkmbaj ;? 9> 0?*??1

Hkla`k ikjmk~ 98+ 8?+ ?*??>

Aj}bnbd}bf kspdv{~k 93+ 2=+ 0?*??1

C>N$__B >>+ =9+ 0?*??1

Fajfk~ 19+ 6>+ 0?*???1

^kf{~~kj} FMB >3+ 6?+ ?*88



Lkmbaj fdv} pk~ favk [V ]d}a`

Mb~kf} fdv}v -2,??? -1>,??? -;?? lb``bdj

Bjmb~kf} fdv}v -1,??? -9,??? -6?? lb``bdj

]d}a` fdv}v -16,??? -18,??? -3?? lb``bdj

Kfdjdlbf n{~mkj dh FMB

LfI`djk VL* F`bj Lbf~dnbd` Bjhkf} >?1>7135>3>>32*



Lk}aaja`rvbv dh 6? v}{mbkv

; fdcd~} v}{mbkv

>; favkfdj}~d` v}{mbkv

__Bv avvdfba}km yb}c bjf~kavkm ~bvg dh FMB #D^ >*1;, FB2;1*31>*;;"

__Bv ( FMB

Mkvcpajmk A* F`bj Iav}~dkj}k~ Ckpa}d` >?117 kp{n ackam dh p~bj}*



;rka~ ~k}~dvpkf}bxk v}{mr dh 1?1,928 pa}bkj}v a} aj afamklbf lkmbfa` fkj}k~ Ame{v}km hd~ fdld~nbm fdjmb}bdjv, aik, aj}bnbd}bfv

Iav}~bf afbm v{pp~kvvbdj ( FMB

Cdyk`` LM* A~fc Bj}k~j Lkm >?1?719?593=92?*

Ame{v}km D^



• Favk fdj}~d` v}{mr dh >=,;;1 favkv dh FMB yb}c}~ka}lkj} v}a~}km ah}k~ mar ; dh cdvpb}a` amlbvvbdj a}

>6= [V cdvpb}a`v

• ; fdj}~d`v la}fckm dj aik, cdvpb}a`, rka~$q{a~}k~ajm l{v} caxk nkkj bj }ck cdvpb}a` hd~ :3 marv

• Fdj}~d``km hd~ aik, ~afk, ikjmk~, Fca~`vdjfdld~nbmb}r vfd~k, __B {vk, aj}bnbd}bf {vk

• Cdvpb}a`bukm pa}bkj}v dj v}a}bjv yk~k >>+ `kvv `bgk`r}d mkxk`dp FMB #ame{v}km D^ ?*93, FB 2; ?*98?*3="

V}a}bjv ( FMB

Ld}ug{vHkaiajv FA k} a`* I{} >?1> #kp{n ackam dh p~bj}"



Jky v}~abj dh F* mbhhbfb`k }ca} klk~ikm dxk~ }ck àv}mkfamk

Ld~k xb~{`kj} }caj d}ck~ v}~abjv

Ksfkvvbxk }dsbj p~dm{f}bdj

Bjf~kavkm vpd~{à}bdj

_~dm{f}bdj dh nbja~r }dsbjv avvdfba}km yb}c vkxk~kmba~~cka

Mbvvklbja}bdj p~dld}km nr cbic {vk dh q{bjd`djkv,vbjfk }cbv v}~abj bv ~kvbv}aj}

JA_1$NB$?>9 V}~abj



_dp{à}bdjnavkm v}{mr dh a`` favkv dh FMB bjQ{knkf dxk~ 1> rka~v #1223>??2"

>,>>> bjmks favkv dh FMB

3 vkfdjma~r favkv bj cd{vkcd`mv #?*=+"

Bj}k~xa` nk}ykkj djvk} dh vrlp}dlv bj }ck bjmksfavk ( vkfdjma~r favk5

âjik5 1 ‖ ;? marv

Lkaj5 19 marv Lkmbaj5 16 marv

Cd{vkcd`m }~ajvlbvvbdj dh FMB

_kpbj E* E Bjhkf} >?1>7 kp{n ackam dh p~bj}*



[p }d 1?? }~b``bdj naf}k~ba fd`djbuk }ck c{laj i{},~kp~kvkj}bji aj kv}bla}km >?? }d 1??? mbv}bjf} naf}k~ba`

vpkfbkv*

Fd`djbua}bdj ~kvbv}ajfk bv }ck p~dfkvv nr ycbfc }ckbjmbikjd{v i{} lbf~dnbd}a p~d}kf}v a cdv} h~dl

bjhkf}bd{v lbf~dnkv*

^kfkj} ikjdlbf v}{mbkv dh }ck bj}kv}bja` lbf~dnbd}a,nd}c bj c{laj pdp{à}bdjv ajm ld{vk ldmk`v, caxk

~kxka`km }ca} aj}bnbd}bfv caxk {jkspkf}km`r ybmkvp~kamajm kjm{~bji khhkf}v dj kjmdikjd{v i{} lbf~dnkv*

Bj}kv}bja` lbf~dnbdlk

Ya~myk`` @C* F{~~ Bjhkf} Mbv ^kpd~}v >?117165>36=*



_a}cdikjkvbv dh FMB

Bjikv}bdj dh vpd~kv

Vpd~kv ik~lbja}k

Avrlp}dla}bf fa~~bk~

Aj}bnbd}bfamlbjbv}k~km

A`}k~km bj}kv}bja` h`d~a

]dsbj p~dm{f}bdj

Jd p~d}kf}bxkbll{jk ~kvpdjvk

FM mba~~cka

_~d}kf}bxk bll{jk~kvpdjvkNaf}k~ba ( vpd~kv

bj hkfkv

Kjxb~djlkj}a`

fdj}albja}bdj



F`bjbfa` lajbhkv}a}bdjv

Avrlp}dla}bffa~~baik

Lb`m,vk`h

`blb}bjimba~~cka

Ldmk~a}kmba~~cka

_vk{mdlkln~ajd{v

fd`b}bv

Mka}c

9;?+ bj af{}kfa~k cdvpb}a`v

;9+ bj `dji}k~l fa~k

Ndyk`pk~hd~a}bdj

Vkp}bfvcdfg



Mba~~cka lar fdj}abj l{f{v d~ dff{`} n`ddm

Ckla}dfckuba d~ lk`kja a~k ~a~k

Hkxk~

F~alpbji anmdlbja` pabj

@k{gdfr}dvbv

Vkxk~k`r b`` pa}bkj}v lar caxk b`k{v d~ }dsbflkiafd`dj yb}c lbjbla` d~ jd mba~~cka

F`bjbfa` lajbhkv}a}bdjv



Aik :9? rka~v

YNF :>?,???$l@ A`n{lbj 0>*; i$@

F~ka}bjbjk :>*? li$m@

Vla`` ndyk` dnv}~{f}bdj d~ b`k{v

^bvg haf}d~v hd~ vkxk~k FMB

Vkxk~k FMB yav mkhbjkm av ajrdh }ck hd``dybji5Mka}c yb}cbj 6? marv^kq{b~km BF[ amlbvvbdj^kq{b~km fd`kf}dlr

Bj}kv}bja` pk~hd~a}bdjCkj~bfc ]E* Klk~i Bjhkf} Mbv >??271;5=1;>>*



Aik :8; rka~v

Fdll{jb}r djvk}

Fd`kf}dlr ~kq{b~km bj 1+ dh FMB favkv

^bvg haf}d~v hd~ fd`kf}dlr

Gavpk~ AL k} a`* Bjhkf} Fdj}~d` Cdvp Kpbmklbd` >?1>7665=9?=98*



]kv}bji vcd{`m dj`r nk pk~hd~lkm dj {jhd~lkm v}dd`

Md jd} pa}bkj}v }ca} a~k avrlp}dla}bf

Hd~ pa}bkj}v vcdyj }d nk F* mbhhbfb`k pdvb}bxk, md jd}~k}kv} m{~bji }ck valk kpbvdmk dh mba~~cka, ajm mdjd} pk~hd~l a }kv} dh f{~k

]kv}bji _~bjfbp`kv

Fdckj VC* VCKA$BMVA I{bmk`bjk* Bjhkf} Fdj}~d` Cdvp Kpbmklbd` >?1?7615=61<=;;*



Mkvcpajmk A k} a`* F`bj Bjhkf} Mbv* >?117;65k31k2?

Lk}aaja`rvbv dh _F^ [}b`b}r



Lk}aaja`rvbv dh _F^ [}b`b}r

Mkvcpajmk A k} a`* F`bj Bjhkf} Mbv* >?117;65k31k2?



_~kxkj}bdj ( ]~ka}lkj} dh FMB

Bjikv}bdj dh vpd~kv

Vpd~kv ik~lbja}k

Avrlp}dla}bf fa~~bk~

Aj}bnbd}bfamlbjbv}k~km

A`}k~km bj}kv}bja` h`d~a

]dsbj p~dm{f}bdj

Jd p~d}kf}bxkbll{jk ~kvpdjvk

FM mba~~cka

_~d}kf}bxk bll{jk~kvpdjvkNaf}k~ba ( vpd~kv

bj hkfkv

Kjxb~djlkj}a`

fdj}albja}bdj

Cajmyavcbji,idyjv$i`dxkv,

f`kajbji

AV_

]dsbj nbjmk~v

_~dnbd}bfv,

v}dd` }s

FMB aj}bnbd}bf}~ka}lkj}



Mbvfdj}bj{k }~ka}lkj} yb}c }ck bjfb}bji aj}bnbd}bf avvddj av pdvvbn`k

Axdbm aj}bpk~bv}a`}bf m~{iv #lar p~kfbpb}a}k }dsbflkiafd`dj"

[vk d~a` ~d{}k yckj pdvvbn`k

Fdjvbmk~ fd`kf}dlr hd~ vkxk~k`r b`` pa}bkj}v

]~ka}lkj} _~bjfbp`kv



Blpaf} dh d}ck~ aj}bnbd}bfv dj

}~ka}lkj} dh FMBAja`rvbv dh 222 pa}bkj}v h~dl

}ck hbmasdlbfbj xv*

xajfdlrfbj }~ba`

Lkmbaj }blk }d ~kvd`{}bdj dh

mba~~cka yav 29 cd{~v hd~

}cdvk ycd ~kfkbxkm

fdjfdlb}aj} aj}bnbd}bfv

m{~bji }ck }~ka}lkj} pk~bdm

xv* ;= cd{~v hd~ v{nekf}v

~kfkbxbji jd fdjfdlb}aj}

aj}bnbd}bfv yb}c }~ka}lkj} #_0

*??1*

L{`àjk GL* F`bj Bjhkf} Mbv >?117;65==?==9*



Aj}blbf~dnba` ]~ka}lkj} Dp}bdjv



Xajfdlrfbj xv* Lk}~djbmaud`k^F]v avvkvvbji bjb}ba` f`bjbfa` f{~k

M~kgdjea ML k} a`* Ajj Bj}k~j Lkm >?1171;;53623=9*

3=+

2=+

21+

96+

2=+

21+



M~kgdjea M L k} a`* Ajj Bj}k~j Lkm >?1171;;53623=9*

9+

19+

1>+

1=+

19+

;+

Xajfdlrfbj xv* Lk}~djbmaud`k^F]v avvkvvbji bjb}ba` f`bjbfa` f{~k yb}c v{nvkq{kj} ~kf{~~kjfk




¢>?11 nr Alk~bfaj Fd``kik dh _crvbfbajv

3;+

9=+

8;+

38+

92+

9;+

33+

99+

9;+

98+

38+

11+

Xajfdlrfbj xv* d}ck~ m~{iv^F]v avvkvvbji bjb}ba` f`bjbfa` f{~k



Xajfdlrfbj, lk}~djbmaud`k ( hbmasdlbfbj a~kkq{a``r khhkf}bxk bj bjb}ba` f{~k ~a}kv hd~ jdjvkxk~k

mbvkavk ^kf{~~kjfk ~a}k bv fdlldj yb}c a`` m~{iv, n{} `kvv

yb}c hbmasdlbfbj #yckj fdlpa~km }d xajfdlrfbj"

Yck}ck~ xajfdlrfbj ~kv{`}v bj nk}}k~ d{}fdlkv hd~pa}bkj}v yb}c vkxk~k mbvkavk #yckj fdlpa~km }dxajfdlrfbj" ~klabjv {jf`ka~

Fdlpa~a}bxk Khhkf}bxkjkvv dh F* mbhhbfb`k}~ka}lkj}v




FMB F`bjbfa` ma}a ]~ka}lkj}

Bjb}ba` kpbvdmk,lb`mldmk~a}k

YNF 0 1;,???F~ka}bjbjk 01*; s navk`bjk

Lk}~djbmaud`k ;?? li pd]BM s 1?1= marv

Bjb}ba` kpbvdmk,vkxk~k

YNF :1;,???F~ka}bjbjk :1*; s navk`bjk

Xajfdlrfbj 1>; li pd QBMs 1?1= marv

Bjb}ba` kpbvdmk,

Vkxk~k ( fdlp`bfa}km

Crpd}kjvbdj d~ vcdfg,

b`k{v, lkiafd`dj

Xajfdlrfbj ;?? li pd$JI

QBM ' lk}~djbmadu`k ;??li BX ]BM7 bh fdlp`k}k b`k{vfdjvbmk~ xajfdlrfbj _^

Hb~v} ~kf{~~kjfk Valk av bjb}ba` kpbvdmk

Vkfdjm ~kf{~~kjfk Xajfdlrfbj yb}c }apk~ ($d~p{`vkm ~kiblkj

BMVA$VCKA ]~ka}lkj} ^kfdllkjma}bdjv

Fdckj VC* VCKA$BMVA I{bmk`bjk* Bjhkf} Fdj}~d` Cdvp Kpbmklbd` >?1?7615=61=;;*



Cav nkkj {vkm hd``dybji xajfdlrfbj }d p~kxkj}~kf{~~kj} FMB bj vla`` favk vk~bkv

Mdvk bv 1??>?? li }ybfk mab`r s > ykkgv

Fdv} dh > ykkg fd{~vk < -686

^bhasalbj ‐fcavk~“



Dff{~v bj >;+ dh favkv

]rpbfa``r dff{~v m{k }d ~ki~dy}c dh xkik}a}bxk naf}k~ba

h~dl vpd~kv }ca} a~k ~kvbv}aj} }d aj}bnbd}bfv [v{a``r dff{~v yb}cbj 1> ykkgv dh fdlp`k}bji }~ka}lkj}

Djfk ~kf{~~kjfk mkxk`dpv, =;8;+ lar kspk~bkjfk

l{`}bp`k ~kf{~~kjfkv ^bvg haf}d~v5

Aik : 8; rka~v

Fdld~nbmb}bkv _~kxbd{v ~kf{~~kjfk

Mba`rvbv

Crpk~xb~{`kj} v}~abj

^kf{~~kjfk dh FMB



Hkfa` Lbf~dnbdlk bj ^kf{~~kj} FMB

Fcaji ER* E Bjhkf} Mbv >??371295=6;=63*

Bj cka`}cr pkdp`k,xav} laed~b}r dh

hkfa` naf}k~ba a~kNaf}k~dbmk}kv d~Hb~lbf{}kv

_a}bkj}v yb}c~kf{~~kj} FMB caxkmkf~kavkm mbxk~vb}r

bj hkfa` lbf~dnbdlk



V}dd` ]~ajvpàj}a}bdj hd~ FMB

â}bdja`k5

]ck h{jmalkj}a` p~dn`kl bj FMB bv jd} }ckp~kvkjfk dh F* mbhhbfb`k pk~ vk, n{} }ck anvkjfk dhcka`}cr h`d~a }d gkkp }ck i~dy}c dh F* mbhhbfb`k

v{pp~kvvkm Ida` dh v}dd` }~ajvpàj}a}bdj bv }d ~kkv}van`bvc

jd~la` bj}kv}bja` h`d~a



V}dd` ]~ajvpàj}a}bdj5 Cbv}d~r

[vkm bj xk}k~bja~r lkmbfbjk hd~ fkj}{~bkv }d

}~ka} ~{lbja` afbmdvbv ( kq{bjk mba~~cka Hb~v} pk~hd~lkm dj c{lajv bj 12;3 dj =

pa}bkj}v bj Fd`d~amd yb}c h{`lbjaj}

pvk{mdlkln~ajd{v fd`b}bv A} }ca} }blk FMB yav {jfdlldj n{} ld~}a`b}r yav

9;+

A`` = pa}bkj}v blp~dxkm yb}cbj cd{~v ( yk~kmbvfca~ikm }d cdlk yb}cbj marv

Kbvklaj N* V{~ik~r 12;37==53;=3;2*

V}dd` ]~ajvpàj}a}bdj5



V}dd` ]~ajvpàj}a}bdj5Bjmbfa}bdjv

^kf{~~kj} d~ ~kàpvbji FMB

A} `kav} 6 kpbvdmkv dh lb`mldmk~a}k FMB ( hab`{~k dh a 83 ykkgv }apk~ dh xajfdlrfbj

A} `kav} > kpbvdmkv dh vkxk~k FMB ~kv{`}bji bjcdvpb}a`bua}bdj

Ldmk~a}k FMB jd} ~kvpdjmbji }d xajfdlrfbjhd~ a} `kav} 1 ykkg

Vkxk~k #d~ h{`lbjaj}" FMB yb}c jd ~kvpdjvk }dv}ajma~m }ck~apr ah}k~ =3 cd{~v

Naggkj EV* F`bj Iav}~dkj}k~d` Ckpa}d` >?117251?==1?=2*



V}dd` ]~ajvpàj}a}bdj5 Mdjd~ Vk`kf}bdj

Ksf`{vbdj f~b}k~ba CBX, CAX, CNX, CFX bjhkf}bdj d~ kspdv{~k yb}cbj 1> ldj}cv

Cbic~bvg vks{a` nkcaxbd~

B``bfb} m~{i {vk

]a}}dd d~ ndmr pbk~fbji yb}cbj 8 ldj}cv

^bvg haf}d~v hd~ xa~baj} F~k{}uhk`m}Eagdn mbvkavk ]~axk` }d a~kav yck~k mba~~cka` b``jkvvkv a~k kjmklbf bj àv} 8

ldj}cv

IB fdld~nbm mbvkavk #BNM, BNV, fc~djbf fdjv}bpa}bdj, fc~djbf

mba~~cka, IB la`bijajfr$pd`rpdvbv" Aj}bnbd}bfv yb}cbj 6 ldj}cv

Bll{jdv{pp~kvvaj}v d~ fckld}ck~apr m~{iv




V}dd` }kv}v Vk~{l }kv}v

CBX aj}bndmmr

CAX BiL

CNvAi, aj}bCNf

CFX aj}bndmr

^_^

F* mbhhbfb`k _F^

^d{}bjk naf}k~ba` f{`}{~k

Iba~mba aj}bikj

F~rp}dvpd~bmb{l aj}bikj

Dxa ajm pa~avb}kv

#Afbm hav} v}abj hd~frf`dvpd~a, bvdvpd~a"

V}dd` ]~ajvpàj}a}bdj5 Mdjd~ ]kv}bji




V}dd` ]~ajvpàj}a}bdj5

^d{}k dh Amlbjbv}~a}bdj

Javdiav}~bf }{nk

Javdm{dmkja` }{nk

Fd`djdvfdpk

^k}kj}bdj kjkla



_~d}dfd` hd~ V}dd` ]~ajvpàj}a}bdj

^kfbpbkj} bv }~ka}km yb}c xajfdlrfbj hd~ = marv p~bd~ }d}~ajvpàj} n{} mbvfdj}bj{kv }ck jbic} nkhd~k

^kfbpbkj} bv }~ka}km yb}c a __B }ck jbic} nkhd~k ajmld~jbji dh }~ajvpàj}

6? il dh h~kvc mdjd~v}dd` ajm 9? ff dh ya}k~a~k pàfkm bj a n`kjmk~}d p~dm{fk a v`{~~r



_~d}dfd` hd~ V}dd` ]~ajvpàj}a}bdj

V`{~~r bv pd{~km }c~d{ic a fdhhkk hb`}k~ ajm }ck ~kv{`}bjihb`}~a}k bv pavvkm }c~d{ic a vkfdjm fdhhkk hb`}k~

JI }{nk bv pàfkm bj }ck ~kfbpbkj} ajm pàfklkj} bvfdjhb~lkm nr s~ar

>; ff dh }ck hkfa` v`{~~r bv amlbjbv}k~km xba }ck JI}{nk7 }ck JI }{nk bv h`{vckm yb}c >; ff dh ya}k~ ajm }ck}{nk bv bllkmba}k`r ~kldxkm



Kq{bplkj} jkkmkm5

Amm ;? l@ dh v}dd` #xd`{lkdff{pbkm nr vd`bm v}dd`" h~dlmdjd~ dn}abjkm bllkmba}k`rp~bd~ }d amlbjbv}~a}bdj #06?lbj{}kv" }d >?? l@ jd~la`va`bjk bj }ck n`kjmk~*

Lbs bj }ck n`kjmk~ {j}b``bq{khbkm }d ‐lb`gvcagk“fdjvbv}kjfr*

_d{~ lbs}{~k #z>;? l@" bj}d}ck kjkla nai*

Amlbjbv}k~ kjkla }d pa}bkj}{vbji bjv}~{f}bdjv p~dxbmkm

yb}c kjkla nai gb}* _a}bkj}vcd{`m cd`m }ck bjh{va}k av`dji av pdvvbn`k ajm `bk v}b`àv `dji av pdvvbn`k dj cbv d~

ck~ `kh} vbmk vd }ca} }ck {~ik}d mkhkfa}k bv p~kxkj}km*

Jd~la` va`bjk #>?? l@ nd}}`k"

v}ajma~m > q{a~} kjkla nai gb}

#axabàn`k m~{i v}d~kv"

gb}fckj n`kjmk~

V}dd` }~ajpàj}a}bdj5

MBR bjv}~{f}bdjv

Vb`xk~laj LV* F`bj Iav}~dkj}k~d` Ckpa}d` >?1?735=91=96*



V}dd` ]~ajvpàj}a}bdj D{}fdlkv

• Vrlp}dlv }rpbfa``r ~kvd`xk yb}cbj >==3cd{~v

• Jd amxk~vk khhkf}v ~kpd~}km



1* Id{ic K* F`bj Bjhkf} Mbv >?117;6522=1??>*>* La}}bà K* Iav}~dkj}k~d`dir >?1171=>5=2?=28*

6* Gk``r F^* E F`bj Iav}~dkj}k~d` >?117=851=;1=2*=* Calb`}dj LE* Al E Iav}~dkj}k~d` >?1> #kp{n ackam dh p~bj}"*;* Gavval U* A~fc Bj}k~j Lkm >?1>719>5121126*8* Ed~{p^djv}~dl F* Vfajm E Iav}~dkj}k~d` >?1> #kp{n ackam dh p~bj}"*

V}dd` ]~ajvpàj}a}bdj hd~ FMB5

_{n`bvckm ^kv{`}v_apk~ J ^kvd`{}bdj ^kàpvk

1^kxbky dh >9 papk~v

p{n`bvckm p~bd~ }d =$1;$11

619 >3= 11

>

_apk~v p{n`bvckm ah}k~=$1;$11

9? 88 =

6 >8 >; 1

= =6 69 8; >9 >;

8 6> >>

9 99 82 1;

]D]A@ ;2> ;>332+

698+



Fcajikv bj hkfa` lbf~dnbdlk yb}c v}dd`

}~ajvpàj}

Gcd~{}v A* E F`bj Iav}~dkj}k~d` >?1?7==56;=68?*

81 rd ydlaj yb}c :3 ldj}cc$d mba~~cka m{k }d F*

mbhhbfb`k NLv kxk~r 1; lbj{}kv7

yka~bji a mbapk~ a} a`` }blkv7;2 pd{jm ykbic} `dvv

Hab`km l{`}bp`k fd{~vkv dhxajfdlrfbj, lk}~djbmaud`k,jb}ajdsaubmk, p~dnbd}bfv

[jmk~ykj} }~ajvpàj} dhv}dd` h~dl c{vnajm 1v}

vd`bm NL mar '> fdjv}bpa}km yb}cbj 1 ldj}c jd ~kf{~~kjfk dh FMB a} 8ldj}cv



Hd``dy d{~n`di!

Dj }ck ykn5

yyy*v}dpbjhkf}bdjv*d~i

D^

Dj Hafknddg5

cdvpb}a`*bjhkf}bdj

D^

Dj ]yb}}k~5

OlbgkTkmldjmOk`bdya

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C. Difficile Mike Edmond