SOCIAL SCIENCE• INFORMATION

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VOL. 14 NO.1 APRIL - JUNE 1986

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NOTES ON PHILIPPINE EDUCATIONby Dr. Ruperta P. Alonzo

PSSC MID-DECADE ASSESSMENT(Last of Two Parts)

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* Faces of Philippine Poverty: FourCases from the VisayasEdited by Ricardo G. Ab ad, Rowe V.Cadeli fiaand Violeta Lop ez-Gonzaga

* The Man Who Would Be President:Sergio Osmeii e and Philippine Politicsby Resil B. Mojares

* Philippine MassMedia:

A Book of ReadingsEdited by Clodualdo del Mundo, Jr.

" Philipp ine Poverty:An Annotated Bibliography (1970-1973)Compil ed by Ricardo G. Abad andEl izabeth U. Eviota

* People Power

By Patricio R. Mamot

* The Quartet of the Tiger Moon

by Quijano de Manila

* The Untold Story of Imelda Marcosby Carmen Navarro-Pedrosa

CSS NEW ACQUISITIONS

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CENTRAL SUBSCRIPTIONSERVICE

2/PSSC SOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMA nON

editorial

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KNOWLEDGE AND SOCIAL SCIENCEINFORMATION NETWORKS

LORNA P. MAKIL *

As the second quarter of every year draws to a closein the month of June, Filipinos prepare for another school­year. Their next 10 months will be organized around thewhole educational system. Yet for many, the real purposeof education will be forgotten amidst the flurry of schoolactivities. The result is what is depicted in our cover: aharvest of graduates who have lost their individuality andhuman uniqueness.

The original purpose of education is the acquisitionof knowledge. It has been said that knowledge has in­creasingly become the major resource in society. Living intodey's modern world more and more calls for the wisdomthat knowledge brings, and knowledge in turn depends onthe kind of information that is made available to people.Deficiencies in information lead to faulty and poor integ­ration of knowledge, and this, to stunted human and socialdevelopment.

When the PSSC was founded in 1968, one of itsimportant objectives was to increase and make availableinformation in the social sciences.' It was the dream of itsfounding members that dissemination of social scienceinformation in the country would improve and wouldcontribute to the well-being of Philippine society in parti­cular and of the world in general. Today, 18 years later,we still have much to cover in the efficient disseminationof this kind of information in the country.

For the PSSC, information :sharing has been carriedout through the various journal publications of our memberorganizations, this social science newsletter, a few books,

monographs and other written reports, together with publicfora, lectures and conferences. But at the same time we are .aware that these efforts barely scratch the surface. Werealize that PSSC cannot do this alone because our re­sources are limited. We need the cooperation of otherresearch institutions, libraries and documentation centersthrough a networking system that will produce and deliverinformation more systematically.

The opportunities for information networking in thesocial sciences are promising. PSSC has a national researchnetwork, to start with. This summer PSSC participated inthe launching of a regional information network in socialsciences for Asia and the Pacific. Both of these programsare described in greater detail in this issue of the news­letter. Other plans in which PSSC will be involved are inthe pipeline, such as a Database Network of the Associa­tion of Foundations to facilitate sharing of informationresources.

Related to this are steps being undertaken by theNational Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)to improve the production and dissemination of socialstatistics in the country.

All of these are steps in the right direction towardsmaking PSSC more responsive to the need for bettersharing of knowledge and culture. We will be helping in theeducation of our citizens to realize their human and socialpotentials which will benefit the country and the region,thereby promoting better understanding and -thfLEttain­ment of social justice and peace for all. ----

.. Mrs. ·Lorna P. Makil is the Program Coordinator of the PSSC Information and Special Services Di­vision' and the current Secretary-Treasurer of the Philippine Sociological Society. She was formerlyResearch Associate of the Institute of Philippine Culture of the Ateneo de Manila University and theRamon Magsaysay Awards Foundation.

•APRIL. - JUNE 1986/3

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1. Education as a National Concern

Education has long occupied a do­minant position in the list of basicconcerns valued highly by most so­cities, the Philippines among them.To many people, it is both an endin itself and a means towards thefulfillment of other ends. .Across allstrata of Philippine society, one ofthe most important aspirations sharedby parents is to have their childrenreach the highest level of schoolingthat they could afford to give them.It is thus not uncommon to find theson of .a farm tenant or the daughterof a manual worker going to college.Schooling in the Philippines has in­deed served as a vehicle of social mo­bility for a significant proportion ofthe population.

This important national re,gard foreducation is in fact embodied as aconstitutional mandate and is reflec­ted in official policies and pronounce­ments. As most government docu­ments put it, a recognized objectiveof educational policy is "to, provide

for a broad general education thatwill assist each individual, in the pe­culiar ecology of his own society,to: (1) attain his potential as a humanbeing, (2) enhance the range and qual­ity of individual and group participa­tion in the basic functions of society,and (3) acquire the essential educa­tional foundation for his developmentinto a productive and versatile citizen."Such a general statement of educationalgoals easily fits the dual role of educa­tion as consumption and investment.How it gets translated into specific,operational policies is of course an­other matter.

In the sixties, particularly in theearly half, national sentiments foundfull expression as enrollments at alllevels of schooling increased at tre­mendous rates. These gains wereachieved through huge commitmentsof public as well as private resources.Education's share of government ex­penditures during the period was ashigh as thi rty percent, constitutingthe biggest single item in the nationalbudget.

By the start of the seventies, how­ever, a chasm apparently began todevelop between popular sentimentsand the government's interpretationof educational objectives. The Pres­idential Commission to Survey Phil­ippine Education (PCSPE) set thetone in 1970: "As a direct input intothe development effortsofa nationis by no means the only purpose towhich education can be applied. In adeveloping economy with limited re­sources, however, education must beviewed in this light," Thus, whereasbefore, education was implicitly con­sidered a "basic need," in the seventiesthe focus shifted to the role of educa­tion as an economic tool tc serve"developmental goals," Of course, thereneed not be a conflict between the pur­suit of "economic development" andpeople's perceptions of education asconsumption. But that seemed to behow the educational authorities viewedthe situation then, and this officialfeeling seems to carryover until thepresent.

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*An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 9th session of the PSSCLecture and Forum Series held last August 23, 1985 with the cooperation of thePhilippine Economic Society.

These notes are extracted from an unpublished report submitted to the Centerfor Policy Studies for its project on Policy Directions for the 1980's. Althoughthe report was written some time ago, the issues discussed are essentially the sameissues confronting the educational sector at present.

rt». Ruperto P.'Alonzo is a member of the 1986 PSSC Executive Board. He is alsothe Chairman of the Department of Economics of the UP. School of Economicsand currently the Editor of the Philippine Economic Journal.

4/PSSCSOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMA nON

What were the conditions prevailingthen which may have triggered thisconcern that not all was well in theeducation sector? Student activism inthe late sixties and early. seventiesprobably contributed significantly tothe feeling that the schools were notperforming their basic missions. Thisfeeling was "scientifically" legitimizedby statistics which showed that schoolleavers, especially at the post-secon­dary level, were having difficultiesfinding jobs in the labor market. Benefit­cost calculations also showed thatrates of return to all levels of schoolingin the Philippines looked low relativeto estimated rates of return in otherdeveloping countries. There was alsothe' belief that the colleges and uni­versities in the Manila area were attract­ing a lot of students from other areaswho would eventually stay even aftergraduation, adding on to urban conqes-. I

non. IThe PCSPE study which laid! the

foundations of educational policiJs in• 1

the 1970's thus placed a heavy stresson the "vocational" mission of sc~ool-

1

ing, perhaps to the detriment of l thepursuit of basic learning needs.1 Tobe sure, the Commission covered allaspects of education, from curricJ'um

Iappraisal to educational finance; itsproposals encompassed non formal ~du­cation as well as formal schooling.

1

However, in terms of the major policiesI

and programs which emerged in I theseventies, the emphasis has clearlybeen on post-secondary schooling'. 1

2. Higher Education and the La~or

Market I

The feeling pervading higher ed,uca­tion in the seventies was that it [wasoverexpanded, that the quality ofi theschools left much to be desired, that thestudents were in the wrong fields, ~hat'there was an overconcentration I ofinstitutions in Metro Manila. Thepolicies initiated to address theseproblems therefore included thelimitation of college enrollments

through the National College EntranceExamination (NCEE); the encourage­ment of accreditation among schools;the redirection of students to coursesdeemed to be of more social signi­ficance, such as science and technology.

There was, however, the realization,especially after the outcome of thefirst NCEE results, that there appearedto be discrimination against those fromlower income classes, rural areas, anddepressed regions. High school graduateswith such characteristics consistentlyfared worse in the NCEE than theirmore advantaged counterparts. Therewere thus initial suggestions of regionaland family income cut-offs to equalizeaccess to higher education. The sugges­tions were dropped, however, perhapsbecause if the NCEE results were indeedvalid, those marginal students admittedon a "democratization" basis wouldhave poor chances of finishing collegeunless remedial classes and other mea­sures were taken. But the qovernr.ientsimply did not have, or did not wantto commit, the' resources needed topursue such remedial measures. Itwas therefore tantamount to an admis­sion of low priority to quality of accessto higher education as an official policyobjective.

How effective has the NCEE beenas a screening device? Sadly, therehas been no direct evaluation of theimpact of this major policy instrument.In terms of finding out whether reten­tion rates in college have improved,there was a statement issued by theNCEE administrators sometime ago thatcertain programs in certain institutionsdid show fewer drop-outs than before,but the evidence did not seem robust.In terms of the effects on enrollmentgrowth, the NCEE may have had awide impact, as the sudden drop incollege enrollments in 1974 wouldshow. However, controlling the flowof college students per se is not reallythe ultimate objective of the NCEE;

it is, rather, improving the labor marketperformance of the graduates. On this

score, there is as yet no di rect evalua­tion, although the Higher Educationand Labor Market Study (HELMS)completed in 1979 indicates onlyminor differences in labor marketexpe riences between the graduates of1970 and those of 1978 (the firstbatch of NCEE examinees) on theyear after their graduation.

The attempt to improve the quali­ty of institutions through official ac­creditation is on a voluntary basis,

. with some "incentives" for the parti­cipants by way of semi-official grantscoursed through the Fund for Assist­ance to Private Education (FAPE).Accreditation is supposed to guidestudents, parents, and prospective em­ployers on the quality of schools.The schools which remain withoutaccreditation, however, still find a widemarket of students for their educa­tional services.

Another issue which had been anagging concern of educationists in theseventies and continues to presentmajor problems is educational finance.Most higher education institutions relyon student fees as the major sourceof revenues. With the inflation ofthe seventies and tight control onfee increases (for political reasons),the private institutions began to feelthe pinch. certainly, part of the declinein enrollment growth could be attri­buted to the retrenchment caused bystudent fee regulations.

On the redirection of students tothe more "relevant" courses, therehas been an observed shift in enroll­ments towards those programs thatthe educationists felt to be moresupportive of "national developmentgoals." It cannot really be ascertained,however, if this trend has been theeffect of conscious government policyor simply the outcome of rationalstudent response to perceived changesin labor market signals. The HELMSReport shows that students do havea good idea of the programs which arein demand by the labor market in

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APRIL - JUNE 1986/5

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terms of employability and earnings.There is also evidence that in the choiceof field of study, considerations offuture pay are not all that matter;this suggests that income differentialsacross jobs may contain significant com­pensating differences.

Finally, the government's scholar­ships and loans programs, which ad­dress the problem of unequal: accessdirectly, do not seem to have beenvigorously pursued in the seventies.The National Scholarship Center,since its inception in 1964, h:as sup­ported only a little more than ;a thou­sand students per year on the average.The Stuy-Now-Pay Later Plan, startedin 1976, has extended assistance to onlyabout six thousand students ,in threeyears. These figures are probably justtrickles relative to the volume of"poor but deserving" high schoolstudents who aspire to go to college.

From an overall perspective, there­fore, there is no clear evidence that

the policies initiated in the highereducation sector in the seventieshave in any way helped the unem­ployment and labor market problemsof school leavers. The unemploymentproblem, in particular, has been takensomewhat out of context and dispro­portionately blown up as an educationissue. College graduates in fact farebetter than college dropouts and highschool graduates in terms of findingemployment opportunities, as theNCSO labor force surveys show. More­over, the bulk of the unemployed areinexperienced and new entrants intothe labor force; with the postwar expan­sion in enrollments at all levels, it is notsurprising then to find that these newentrants looking for jobs would possessrelatively high educational attainments.

Perhaps the efforts. of the educationplanners have been misdirected; thoseefforts address what is fundamentallyan employment problem, for which so­lutions have to be comprehensive,requiring policy prescriptions outsidethe education sector. The issues that are

being discussed at present by the educa­tion authorities are basically the sameproblems that the PCSPE perceivedthen. There is thus hardly any changeafter more than a decade, in spite ofall the resources, human and material,which were put into the study of thehigher education sector.

In the meantime, equality of accessto higher education may have sufferedsome serious setbacks. No significanteffort has been done to correct thebiases attendant to the restrictions incollege enrollments. The tuition feeregulations, while egalitarian on thesurface, may even be working adverse­ly, as "good" institutions retrench and"bad" ones expand to fill in the gap.The scholarships and. loans programsare very meager in scope and coverage.The irony of it all is, whereas before,there was apparently more equal accessto a college education that the authori­ties did not consider all that worth­while, now there is biased access to acollege education that the officialsare trying hard to make worthwhile.

6!PSSCSOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMATION

3. The Provision of Basic Education

It seems more than coincidentalthat, after the shift in emphasis onthe goals of education to meet "na­tional development objectives" insteadof "social demand," there came abouta shift in the government budget awayfrom educational expenditures. Thepublic outlay per pupil enrolled inpublic schools has been decliningsignificantly in real terms since thedeclaration of Martial Law. As a per­centage of the national budget, educa­tion expenditures have fallen from 30percent in the late sixties to less than 12percent at the start of the eighties.As most of the education budget goesto the provision of elementaryschooling, such figures are an indicationof the deterioration in the state ofbasic education.

There has of course been no explicitpolicy pronouncement saying that basiceducation should be contracted, theintent simply becomes apparent fromthe direction in which the public-fundshave gone. This may have been due tothe fear that producing more elemen-,tary graduates would simply 'meanmore pressure on the upper levels. Inother words, concern about educationhaving to meet "national developmentgoals," expressed operationally throughthe focus on the "vocational" natureof education, may have overridden theobjective of education as providing forbasic learning needs.

The statistics on elementary enroll­ments coming from the Ministry ofEducation and Culture may also havecontributed to this relative neglect ofbasic education: the enrollment' ratiosreported to be exceeding 100 percentwere taken to mean that elementaryeducation in the Philipines was alreadyuniversal. But census figures revealotherwise; in 1970, for example, onlyabout, 80 percent of eight Year-oldswere in fact in school. The 1980 census,reporting highest grade completedrather than enrollment status, shows

that only 84 percent of the eight year­olds in 1980 had completed someelementary schooling. Even the Educa­tion Ministry's own figures on retentionrates show a high incidence of drop­outs before students get to completesixth grade.

Thus, the policies in the seventiesdealing 'with basic education havefocused on curriculum reform, teacher

training, and the search for more cost­effective teaching methodologies. Whilethese programs are desirable in them­selves, 'they also tend to divert attentionfrom the issue of access to basic educa­tion. Elementary schooling is not reallyas universal as most people would wantto think. The drop-out problem is verymuch of a problem, especially sinceeducators themselves claim that basic

-,

learning needs are achieved only afterat least six years of elementary school­ing. The urgency of these issues isheightened by the fact that the peopleleft out are often the ones who are alsodeprived of other "basic needs." Thepupils who drop out or never even getto school are likely to be the sameones who come from poor families,whose levels of nutrition are sub­standard, whose home environmentsdo not allow them full participationin this "national development" thateducation planners are' so concernedabout.

The education administrators in thefield do appear to have a clear appre­ciation of what the problems con­fronting elementary education are intheir respective areas. Sometime ago,through the Program for Decentra­lized, Educational Development, thedifferent regional offices were askedto prepare a five-year developmentplan for the education sector in theirregions, and the documents show aclear perception of what ~e problemareas are, with proposals on how tocope with the problems thus identified.But if the education secton as a wholeis not getting the resources" those plansare not likely to get implemented at all.

Funds wil come only if'the nationalgovernment appreciates the basic needfor elementary education, irrespectiveof what it perceives to be this sub­sector's economic value. :There neednot of course be any inherent contra­diction between basic needs and devel­opment goals, especially for the targetpopulations in the heavily depressedareas. Thus far, practically all Philip­pines studies which show that theeconomic returns to the elementaryeducation are low suffer from method­ological as well as empirical misgivingsand should not be used as bases foreducational policy.

There are of course some brightnotes of achievement with respect tothe provision of basic education. Thestrengthening of the planning and

management capabilities of regionaladministrators through the Program forDecentralized Educational Develop­ment, may have its beneficial effectsfelt in the eighties. There is continuingin-service training for public schoolteachers. There is also the, massivetextbook project which has reducedthe textbook deficiency from an ap­pallingly low ratio of one book foreight pupils just a few years back toits current level of one book for twopupils. Needless to say, such programsdeserve all the support they can get.

4. Secondary Education: The UncertainMission

It is often admitted in most educa­tion studies that secondary schoolingrepresents the weakest link in theeducation ladder. The problem seemsto stem from the uncertainty as to whatthe "mission" of secondary educationreally is. On the one hand, high schoolsare said to continue the function ofelementary schools in preparing the stu­dent for the pursuit of further educa­tion; on the other, one finds pronounce­ments which place secondary educationas a· terminal program from which thestudent would be equipped with theskills needed for work. This ambiguityis not at 'all unique to the Philippines; ,most other societies in the same stageof development have trouble figuringout what to do with their adolescents,who appear, old enough to be out ofschool but too young to find a placeat work.

If secondary education were to beviewed mainly as "consumption" or"social demand," how would recentPhilippine performance with respect tothe provision of this "good" be as­sessed? Secondary education has, forthe past two decades, been the fastestgrowing level in the formal educationstream. In the seventies, the expansionin high school enrollments has beenaccommodated through the publicschools, with the share of the private

APRIL - JUNE 1986/7

sector in enrollments having gone downfrom 61 percent in 1969 to 42 percentby 1982. The increase in public schoolenrollments, however, is not necessarilyan indication of the national govern­ment's commitment to secondary edu­cation, for much of the initiative andfinance for the expansion has comefrom local government sources.

The quality of secondary schooling,measured in terms of school resources,varies widely across institutions, suchvariations are probably wider thanthose among elementary institutions. Interms of student achievement, there isno regular monitoring, so that trendsin schooling outcomes cannot beestablished. The NCEE offers a poten­tial measure by which to gauge changesin achievement as well as aptitudelevels of secondary school graduates.However, the test instruments havebeen undergoing annual revisions sothat the NCEE scores'movements overtime may not really be indicative ofactual trends.

What the NCEE scores indicate are'the wide disparities in achievementamong the secondary school graduates" 'disparities which are systematically asso­ciated" ~ith family income, parents'education; and place of upbringing.Certain characteristics of the distribu­tion of the 1974 NCEE scores are by;now well known: only 64 percent ofthe examinees with family incomebelow ~100 a month qualified, whilethe corresponding proportion for thosewith family income of at least Pl,OOOa month was above 85 percent; the stu­dents brought up in a farm or barriohad only a 67 percent qualifying, rate,compared to 85 percent for city dwel~

lers; across regions, students from poon­er areas like Eastern Visayas and Nortn­ern Mindanao did very poorly with only

67 percent passing, while the onesfrom Manila and suburbs did relativelywell with an 86 percent passing rate.

Do such inequalities reflect inequi­ties? Here is where a clear definition ofthe mission of secondary education

8/PSSCSOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMATION

I

becomes important. If secondary edu­cation is just like any other consump­tion good, then the differences in con­sumption levels are of significance onlyto the extent that they reflect differen­ces in income levels. If it is a basicneed, then its provision becomes anequity concern. Finally, if at the sametime it is a primary tool for economicmobility and income inequality in itsfunction as human investment, then:equality of access to it also becomes arelevant equity concern.

Official pronouncements and policiesgoverning secondary education seem tolean on the notions tha~ secondaryeducation does not constitute a basicneed, that it is not an economicallyworthwhile investment. and that there­fore it does not build up to an equi.tyissue. But are these notions justified?On secondary education as 'investment,there simply is no robust evidencethat it is uneconomic; each rate ofreturn study says something differentfrom the others. Whether, or not itconstitutes a basic need is somethingwhich still requires further Study: whatare the minimum learning needs of ado­lescents, and how does secondary edu­cation fit into the provision of thoseneeds? I

In any case, perhaps the best way tocharacterize progress in the seventieswith respect to secondary educationis that there has been an expansion inquantity (in terms of enrollments},and an expansion in enrollments wouldmean more equality of access. Thisexpansion, however, has, not beenmatched by any significant equalityin outcomes. In fact, the move towardsdecentralization of funding for highschools may have aggravated equalityin outcomes, as fiscal capabilities oflocal governments vary widely.

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5. Non-Formal Education :

In principle, non-formal educationencompasses all activities which con­tribute to the further learning of the

population. In the words of the ILOReport (Sharing in Development,1974), it includes in the Philippinecontext "such things as cooperativeyouth settlement schemes, cottage in­dustry training courses, adult literacyprograms, leaflets on family planning, ,radio talks' on nutrition, 'motherhoodclasses, agricultural extension, and alarge number of short-term vocationalcourses such as dressmaking, drawingcourses, and so on; in short, anythingthat aims to convey bits of informa­tion to particular target populationsoutside the school system." Taking aninventory of such diverse activities isof course an impossible task, so thatthe focus on most govemment effortsat non-formal education evaluationhas been on vocational training.

What has been the Philippine- expe­rience with vocational training? Thatcoming from the private sector seemsto be encountering very little pro­blems, as the students have not beencomplaining and the sector has evenbeen growing. The public sector's ef­forts to engage in middle-level skillsdevelopment, however, appear to begroping around. Graduates from theearly NMYC programs found difficultyfinding jobs which matched the train­ing that they received.

6. Policy Directions'

The review of the developmentsin the education sector over the pastdecade has revealed a heightenedofficial concern for the role of educa­tion in national development, a concernwhich seems to have been overempha­

sized. This concern apparently has

been behind the reduction in real ex­

penditures devoted by the national

government to the provision of basic,

learning needs. While there may have

been an expansion in the coverage of

basic education in spite of the drop

in real expenditures, progress in equality

of access has not been met with parallel

progress in equality of outcomes. With

respect to the vocational role of educa­

tion, the problems being tossed around

at the start of the eighties remain basic-

, ally the same as the ones that were

,"identified" at the beginning' of the

seventies: college drop-outs and gra­

duates are having difficulty findingthe "right", jobs; the quality of schools,and therefore the quality of their gra­duates, leave much to be desired; thereis an excess of concentration of schoolsin Metro Manila. There is even theadded problem now of' equality of'access, to higher education with theinstitution of the NCEE. Perhaps theonly good note that higher educationauthorities could credit themselves

,with is the significant shift in enroll­ment away from those fields tradition-:ally thought to be' overcrowded,intothose programs which are felt to bemore relevant. But this developmentis probably less attributable to anysingle policy or even combination ofpolicies than to the rational responseof the students themselves to per- 'ceived labor market signals.

Perhaps the first step to be takentowards a rational set of policies is toput education in its proper perspective:in relation to development, educationalpolicy cannot single-handedly be ex·pected to solve labor market problems.

Issues like unemployment require a setof policies most of which lie outside theeducation sector itself. It is funny howeducationists seem to be more con­cerned than economists are about theabsorption of school leavers. Whatshould be faulted is the demand struct­ure. Especially in an education systemthat is predominantly private, the res­ponse of students and institutions towage incentives is swift enough. Evenwage differentials per se are not neces­sarily indicative of relative profitabilitiesof occupations, as such differentialsmay be reflecting compensating dif­ferences, especially when one como,pares earnings across detailed occupa-,

TI

1,

tion categories. Of course, one couldargue that individual preferences arenot necessarily reflective of nationalgoals, but that in itself would bea per­sonal viewpoint.

What is probably the safest courseof action, in the absence of any defi­nitive evidence that Philippine educa­tional expansion has been uneconomic,is to heed "social demand" and empha­size on the provision of basic .educa­tional needs. The term "social demand"has been somewhat maliqned in theseventies to represent something "coun­terdevelopmental." But this social de­mand captures more than the desire fora white-collar job or the need for socialprestige; it includes as well the non­market prodLictivity of education per­ceved by the people but: left out inthe conventional calculations of econo­mic returns. In an educational systemwhere the secondary and t~rtiary levelsare financed mainly by the studentsthemselves; it is difficult ito identifysources of divergence between theprivate and the social productivityof educational investments.

The economic rates of. return toeducation that several st~dies havegenerated are therefore conservative.estimates of the real productivity ofeducational investments, for they reflectonly market returns. As such, thesemeasured rates, when they are high;are supportive of expansion; but whenthey are low, as in the I Philippinecase, one cannot assert that they call forcontraction, even on purely economic,grounds, for they exclude the non-market returns. Moreover, even if .suchrates captured all forms of economicreturns, it is perhaps safer to lean to­wards overexpansion than underexpan­sion of the education system. Theeducation planners themselv,es are thefirst to emphasize the importance ofavoiding bottlenecks caused' by short­ages in particular skills. In fact, suchprojections of Philippine manpowerneeds by education level show thatif the economy were to achieve itsgrowth targets, enrollments at all levels

would have to expand at rates muchhigher than recent trends. The econo­mic losses brought about by suchshortages are probably going to behigher than the economic costs attend­ant to manpower surpluses. of a giventype.

With the economic role of educationsuggesting that fears of educational

, overexpansion may be unwarranted,the focus on basic educational needsis then In order. There ismuch empiricalsupport for the notion that Filipinofamilies do hold the schooling of theirchildren in high regard. The demandfor schooling goes beyond purelyeconomic or utilitarian considerations.It is, also well recognized that even for'elementary education, Filipino familiesare faced with constraints, especially inthe form of financial resources.

Basic schooling needs, moreover, donot stop at being able to find a placein any type of school. Basic needsshould be measured in outcomes, sothat quality of instruction does matter.There is also the problem of keepingthe child in school, especially in rura:areas where drop-out rates are veryhigh.

A basic needs approach is not inhe­rently incompatible with developmentalgoals. Poverty groups have low opportu­nity costs. .Returns to investment inquality of schooling may also be signi­ficant. Especially among the poor,moreover, education has positive non­market productivity effects which areincreasingly getting documented indeveloping countries, the Philippinesamong them.' Education is positivelyassociated with fertility decline andwith improved child welfare and nutri­tion.

How would 'such a basic needs ap­proach be implemented? First of all,the contraction of government spendingon education should be reversed. Thefocus of increased spending should beon the underprivileged groups whichare not really that difficult to identify.As mentioned earlier, the Program forRegional Development of Education has

.A'PRIL - JUNE 1986/.9

recently undertaken an inventory ofleducation problems down to the districtllevel. What remains to be done is tOItake a serious look at those regional Istudies and commit funds to their'implementation. Steps to be done lruthe' health sector would also cornple­ment the basic education drive: in parti·,cular, school feeding programs should!'help raise achievement levels and keepchildren in school.

Finally, there should perhaps beless preoccupations with higher educa­tion than what is presently being devo­ted to it. The more controls and regu­lations there are, the less responsivewill the system be to changes in labormarket signals. "Bad" potential collegegraduates,' if weeded out through res­trictive admissions policies imposedfrom above (such as through the NCEE)"would probably be even "worse" highschool graduates. "Success" with pre­sent efforts in higher education would

probably eVE!n be, detrimental to equityconsiderations (if success is taken tomean higher earnings for college gra­duates, which. is' what "relevance"translates into in labor market termino­logy) as the college students get to bemore homogenous in terms of familybackground. .. .. ..

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MID- DECADE ASSESSMENT(LAST OF TWO PARTS)

(;

The achievements made by the Council as of 1986 can be reviewed based on the four key areas ofconcem identified in the Agenda for the 80's, namely, training, professionalization, reseerch, collaborationand linkage.

In the eree of training, the Council has rendered assistance to universities and other academic insti­tutions in expanding and strengthening their graduate programs. Assistance has also been extended to univer­sities outside Metro Manila by encouraging the establishment of reseerch consortia among faculties of severalschools. Furthermore, PSSC has administered fOff!ign fellowship programs since 1979 in 'schools like theUniversity of the Philippines in Diliman and Los Baflos and the Ateneo de Manila University. To date, theCouncil has already assisted265 fellows under theseprograms.

With ff!gard to professionalization, PSSC has assisted in the funding or underwriting of conferences.workshops and seminsrs of disciplinal organizations. From 1980 to 1981, the Council had been able togive travel grants to 24 grantees from different academic institutions. A very significant event in the areaof protessionslizetion was the holding of the First National Social Science Congress on November 17-19,1983, with the aim of formulating new directions for Philippine social sciences and of strengthening therole of social scientists in the various ereesof national life.

The enhancement of its reseerch objectives has been pursued by PSSC through large-scale povertyresearches being conducted under its Research Consortia Program, and through assistance to both juniorand senior social scientists under its Discretionary ResearchAwards Program (0RAP).

In 1980, the Philippines, through the PSSC, participated in a cross-national field study on ethnicityand fertility among ASEAN countries.

Another major reseerch project was conducted in September 1985, the holding. of the first of a seriesof quick-count socio-political polls called the Measuring the Public Pulse Project (MPP). The MPP was con­ceived to monitor-processes and analyze public perceptions on key national issues through the use ofsurveyinstruments.

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IV. COLLABORATION AND LIN­KAGE

a. "PSSC is presently undertaking aResearch Consortia Program invol­ving 10 out of 25 PSSC ResearchNetwork Centers."

The complexity of socioeconomicproblems and issues require much inter­action and collaboration arnonq socialscientists. Thus far, the need for coo­perative effort in research is graduallyand surely fulfilled by the PSSC Re­search Consortia Program. ,

This program, which, involves 10regionally proximate members ofPSSC's 25 research centers aroundthe country, aims to foster collabora­tive research efforts between centers

by encouraging them to undertakejoint researches on issues that are pecu­liar to their regions or locality. Sinceits inception in 1981, five research pro­jects have been undertaken by the par­ticipating institutions. This collaborativeapproach is useful in the sense that itutilizes the field work or data collectionskills of one center and the analyticalor theoretical expertise of another.

Of PSSC's established projects, theResearch Consortia Program has provenitself to be a prime example of relevantand sustained research which di rectlybenefits the provincial centers. Throughthis program, PSSC continues to keepits commitment of decentralizing re­search or reducing the so-called Manilamonopoly of research;' talent. Moreimportant, the program has established

the groundwork for cooperative re­search efforts. and formalized orstrengthened linkages among acaderae,government and non-government or­ganizations.

B. "The PSSC-Chinese Academy of'Social Sciences Exchange Programwas established in 1980 to givel

Filipino social scientists the Oppor­tunity to learn about the philosophy:and status of social science teachingand re.search in China and to furtherdevelop and strengthen cultural ex'change between the two countries."

In 1980,. the ,PSSC signed an ex­change program with the ChineseAcademy of Social Sciences to providefor an exchange of scholars betweenthe two countries.

)

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..In 1980, thirteen officers from the

PSSC Executive Board and the Secre­tariat made an observation tour of thePeople's Republic of China for ten days.While there, the delegation attendedseveral symposia about China's philo­sophy and modernization organized ontheir behalf. In 1981, eight officersfrom the Chinese Academy of SocialScience visited the Philippines forfourteen days. The PSSC hosted thedelegation and organized visits to majorresearch institutions, universities andgovernment agencies.

In essence,the exchange visits wereaimed to foster a better understandingof each country's philosophy and cul­ture and to share information aboutthe social sciences in both countries.

C. "The Social Issues Committee con­ceived of the Resources for PeopleProgram (RPPj to help establishlinkages between the ~ocial sciencecommunity and the disadvantagedgroups ofPhilippine soqiety. "

The RPP is a service bureau throughwhich the research, train,ing and con-.sultancy services of individuals orgroups of social scientists are madeavailable to disadvantaged groups whoheretofore have rarely· been directclients of social science efforts. Speci­fically, the RPP aims to achieve thefollowing objectives: 1) to put socialscience expertise at the direct serviceof disadvantaged groups .in Philippinesociety; 2) to provide social scientists

. with an opportunity to have first­hand contact with some I of the pro­blems of Philippine society; 3) toassist in the development of alternativecareer paths for social science students;and 4) to assist in the development ofa more relevant, more activist, more

Imilitant Philippine social science.

The RPP will endeavor to promotea partnership between volunteer socialscientists and volunteers from people­oriented organizations who will cons­titute a service pool. Together, thesepartners will provide various services,except funding, to clients.

D. "The Publications Subsidy Programwas established in 1979 in order tohelp strengthen the capabilities ofmember associations and promoteprofessional competence throughpublication. "

The PSSC set up a formula to finan­cially support social science journalsprimarily through the sponsorship ofthe National Science and TechnologyAuthority.

For the duration of the program,each of the eleven joumals wasgranted P"20,OOO.00 per year to helpdefray publication costs to help thembecome self-supporting as quickly aspossible. Unfortunately, most of thesejournals had not become financiallyself-sufficient by the time fundingwas terminated in 1983 due to tightbudgetary limitations of NSTA.

E. "The PSSC Lecture-Forum Serieswas organized to provide a venuefor continuing dialogue among thegovernment, academic and privatesectors."

In 1984, PSSC launched a ForumSeries on "Social Science and Govern­ment" primarily to establish andstrengthen ties among the differentsectors of Philippine society. Theover-all objective of the project was toinform and influence policy makersconcerning critical social science issues.

Each regular member association ofPSSC was requested to submit papers to

. the Social Issues Committee, the com­mittee tasked with coordinating theseries. The papers were then assessedfor their relevance and timeliness andwere presented in cooperation withthe member association involved. Thiscooperative effort helped reinforcePSSC's links with its members as wellas opened its doors to interested groupsand organizations both local and inter­

national.The following papers were presented

in these monthly forums:1. "Survey of Opinions of the Mem­

bership of the Philippine Economic

APRIL - JUNE 1986/1:1

Society on the Current EconomicCrisis" (Philippine Economic so­ciety).

2. "A Statement of Concern and Pro­posals for Social Change" (Philip­pine Social Science Council)

3. "Information Control and Corrupt­ion Economics" (Philippine Statis­tical Associationl

4. "The Socialization of Students intoa National Identity Through thePublic Elementary School System"(Social Issues Committee)

5. "National Minorities: The Conti­nuing Struggle for Survival and Self­Determination" (UGAT)

6. "Conservation of Our National Re­sources: A Vital Environmental lssuein the Philippines" (Philippine Geo­graphical Society).

7. "Social-Psychological Factor in Phil­ippine National Development" (Phil­ippine Economic Society)

8. "Language: The Limits of theLegislatable" (Linguistic Societyof the Philippines)

9. "Tertiary Education: Policy Issuesand Prospects. (Philippine EconomicSociety)

F. "In line with its advocacy thrust, theCouncil formulated a statementpaper entitled 'A Statement ofConcern and Proposals for SocialChange: which embodied the col­lective stand of the Council onnational issues considered of greatimportance. "

During the Midyear Council Meetingof July 21, 1984, both the regular andassociate member associations sub­mitted recommendations for nationalpolicymaking and on issues of specificrelevance to their disciplines. An ad hocTask Force chaired by Dr. Gabriel U.Iglesias was subsequently orqanized toconsolidate and synthesize the recom­mendations.

The "Statement of Concern andProposals for Social Change" is theoutput of a series of workshops heldby the ad hoc Task Force. The docu­ment contains the Council's consen-

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12/PSSCSOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMATION

.~'~.

to complete the necessary support.facilities such as a library, classroomsand seminar rooms, auditorium andcafeteria and enhance-its efforts towardsthe centralization and coordination ofsocial science activities all over thecountry.

Finally, after extensive planning andpreparations on the part of the SocialScience Center Committee, the finalproposal w~s submitted by the PSSCto the Japanese Government throughthe National Economic and Develop­ment Authority (NEDA). In line withJapan's policy on human resourcedevelopment especially in the Asianregion, the proposal was subsequentlyapproved and construction was imme­diately started, The land along DonMariano Marcos Avenue on which itwas built was provided by the Univer­sity of the Philippines.

The Center underwent constructionfrom June 1982 to March 1983, and'completed within a record time of 9months. The Taisei Corporation was

the contractor and the Asia Konstruktwas its Philippine counterpart. In thefinal month of construction, the centerwas subjected to actual technical ins­pection by both Japanese and Filipinomedia representatives before its formalturn-over to the U P and the PSSC.

May 16, 1983 marks the inaugura­tion of the Center, which stands as avisible symbol of academic exchangeand cooperation between the Philip­pines and Japan. The Center nowpermanently serves as the home ofthe social sciences in the Philippines.

Philippine

ORGANIZATIONAL DEVElOPMENT

social science books and publications.It is, hoped that eventually it will be­come a one-stop shop for all socialscience publication needs.

I. Establishment of theSocial Science Center

A major concern of the PSSC butone which is not explicitly stated inthe Agenda is related to the develop­ment of PSSC both as a Council and asa clearinghouse or nerve center of allsocial science activities. Prior to 1983,PSSC was hampered by certain orga­nizational problems. It has an Exe­cutive Council which met only once a

, year and minimally interacted with theExecutive Board; its Secretariat wasunderstaffed and could not adequatelycope with the increasing demands ofthe Council's growing membership;its associate organizations were rapidlyexpanding but the operational linkagesbetween them and the Council were stillto be defined clearly; and the PSSCitself urgently needed a reasonablylarge office space to be able to carryout its rapidly expanding functionseffectively and efficiently.

sual statements and views on the eightmajor issues identified during theMidyear Council Meeting: NationalMinorities, Natural Resources Conser­vation, General Amnesty for PoliticalOffenders, Public Accountability, Judi­cial Reforms, Repeal/Abrogation ofAmendment No.6 and the PresidentialImmunity from Suit.

Other specific recommendations per­taining to the respective concerns ofthe member associations are also ap­pended to the document. The paperswere contributed by the various mem­ber associations that were more directlyconcerned with the issues.

The statement paper was first pre­sented to the public in the second ses­sion of the PSSC Lecture-Forum Seriesheld last September 15, 1984. Basedon the suggestions given during theforum, the paper was revised andexpanded, and was presented for ap­proval to the social science cbmmunityin the Annual Meeting of December 15,1984. It.was subsequently' approvedand ratified during the said meeting.

G. "The Central Subscription Service(CSSJ, a major service program ofPSSC, was set up primarily to helpmember associations expand the rea-

dership of their respective journals For a long time, PSSC membersand publications through' a central looked forward to the prospect ofsystem of marketing and distribu- having a central structure to house the

tion." I facilities and services of the Council,As conceived, the CSS was to deal its member associations and related

with member associations' problems of associations. The construction of aweak subscription services and limited center will provide adequate space forexpertise to promote the: sale and the collection an~; disselTlin~ti~nof

distribution of the journals.J3,[Rp9Jill~:,in~r~o!i7'·}~;nHp~~~~ff~~;;~~together the ITl~iliri9 .ll~is-;·of~·ttte<c;lit~<:Z:-~<fo;~~~<tii~('illCtlViit:l,;co:~;~f<~tiitf&eSile~~ic\';I

,~', :' i't ,"~, ">, -'",'-': ·-!~~,:,;/.r; _~,.-,:-"-':",,,' < Y-.~" ,'..: Y,~t?:,,-,,-<·-.-,,~,_·.·<·

ferent aS~9~iati~ns,'. the YS~.)s,<~~xt·:<S:<,~B~Qt~~t};:~9~gri "< , ;«j9~~?:Cl<~i8!:sioneq."t(»)'1/idehthe market, fQr:all )t]e.;:·ne putero;'RsS0 men;

.: -, ,"-,_"~,,' ./';>.:" <:"" ~ _<'." -. _. .: ',.~ 'v, '>"<' :".<,-<, c' ::;<-'.<',' '<~':-~"">;'f.:?~/'Y- ·,-<~<>'·,\":i.::'-\!·>-'-'Y:}>,.

jourrats;' ;.Today, CSS has' 'expand~d.,,:,;o< ',Qr1S£", 'o~e;~; '.' <',. "",'''''' '.~>. ~,~'" v,_ ~.. "",. -, ...., <, "~"' ... ~~,.";;; ',. ~~. <' -.,,' '~",.,~.:~.• ':'>",>'" ,<:,,)-,,~. -:C'..•-'."

itS~.,servi~s'<'t6"jiicludea wide::nin'Qe:-:of~;'::~"i!S ,~w. '" '~i~~lrt

"~f,cP;~~l;zt "9·~~~~I~i;~'Z~~

•

Secretariat. Over the years, the Sec­retariat has performed basically sup­portive and coordinating functions.Most of the program conceptualizationfunction was assumed by the variousworking committees whose membersserved very short terms. This kind ofset-up was not conducive for pro­gram continuity. Moreover, the tech­nical skills of the Secretariat couldnot be utilized fully.

Consequently, the Executive Board,through its Finance Committee, ad­dressed itself to this problem and cameup with a restructuring plan for theSecretariat. The scheme was imple­mented in September 1985.

The revised plan primarily aims tomaintain an efficient staff who willserve the programs and the adminis­trative requirements of the, ExecutiveBoard and its Working Committees inthe pursuance of the obj~ctives andpolicies of the PSSC Gove~ning Coun­cil. Specifically, the plan aims to: 1)fully harness the skills of the staff inthe planning, execution andlmonitoringof PSSC programs and projects; 2)

I

delineate the functions, aut~ority andresponsibilities of each unit and per­

sonnel to avoid dUPlicatio~ and con­flict; 3) determine the optimum per-

. I I kisonnel complement, a ranona ran mg.of positions and the correspondentcompensation plan to promote an effi­cient personnel administration andoptimize performance. I

The new set-up not only ensures amore expeditious PSSC oJeration butalso lays the ground for! building a

. Icompetent, professional staff who can

Icontribute significantly in' the plan-ning, implementation and evaluationof Council programs.

I •CONCERNSFORTHE~UTURE

At a glance, PSSC's IMid-DecadeAssessment reveals that the Philip­pine Social Science Council has achievedmodest success towards establishingitself as a viable coordinating body

of social science activities and opera­tions. Its pioneering achievements areindeed a tribute to those social scien­tists who were mainly responsible forthe growth and development of thesocial sciences and the status theyhave earned in the Philippines today.

The same assessment, however, indi­cates the need for a more holistic con­sideration of PSSC's programs andprojects to make it more responsive tothe needs of Philippine society. Forinstance, it should be pointed out thatthere are proposals for social scienceprojects contained in the "Agenda forthe 80's" and the "Flrst NationalSocial Science Congress" which havenot been pursued yet as envisioned.Furthermore, some observations on thePSSC's on-going programs and projectsindicate that new programs need to beconceptualized. In this regard, theworking committee of the ExecutiveBoard which is presently deliberating onthe "Mid-Decade Assessment" is expec­ted to come up with more definite pro­posals on this matter. Hopefully, 'allthese would enable the PSSC to respond

effectively to the needs of the socialscientists in the country.

A tentative enumeration of theprograms and projects of the PSSCis presented below:

I. Present Activites:

A. "There is a need to hire more per­sonnel to maximize the potentialsand capabilities of the PSSC Secre­tariat. "

The restructuring of the Secretariatin 1985 to ensure its efficient opera­tions as a partner of the PSSC WorkingCommittees (composed of ad hocmembers), has created a need forfour additional "junior" social scien­tists. The present members ~f thestaff are mainly sociologists, anthro­pologists and mass communicationgraduates. There are plans to hire morepersonnel from the fields of politicalscience, geography, economics, andpublic administration. A graduate train-

APRIL - JUNE 1986/13

ing program to develop the Secretariatinto' a professional core of social scien­tists is also envisioned.

B. "As expected, maintenance, suppliesand equipment shall cut into agreater portion of the Council'sbudget in the future. "

With the proposed expanded pro­gram of the Council, it is expected thatthe housekeeping expenses will alsoincrease. The cost of maintaining thePSSCenter will also go up with thepassage of time.

C. "It is imperative that the existingprograms and projects be sustainedand developed so that the Councilcan further achieveits objectives."

1. Working Committee Meetings (perdiem) - Due to a substantial increasein the number of programs and projectsthat the PSSC pursued this year, theWorking Committees have been con­ducting more frequent planning sessionsat the Center. This calls for an increasein. the budgetary allocation for meetingexpenses and the transportation allow­ances of Committees members.2. Conference Assistance - In its capa­city as umbrella organization, the PSSC,to the fullest extent as possible, assistsits regular members in the disseminationand exchange of scholarly informationby providing financial support forconferences, workshops, and seminarsof member associations. In the past 5years, PSSC has shelled out a totalamount of P220,074 to its regularmembers in conference support alone.3. Forum Series - To fulfill its advo­cay function as articulated in the FirstNational Social Science Congress Reso­lutions and to strengthen ties amongthe policy, academic and action­oriented sectors in Philippine society,the PSSC sponsored and will continueto support its Forum Series Program.4. Resources for People Program ­Conceived as a service bureau throughwhich the research, training and consul­tancy services of individuals or groups

14!PSSCSOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMA TJON

of social scientists can be made availableto disadvantaged groups in society,the Resources for People Program willneed a substantial amount of initialfinancial support before it can eventual­ly evolve into a self-sustaining programof PSSC.5. Graduate Assistance and Discretion­ary Research Awards - In line withPSSC's goal to develop as many socialscientists as possible a~d supportquality and relevant research, the PSSCwill continue to maintain and imple­ment this program which, at the presenttime, is one of the most popular andthe longest running program of theCouncil.6. Publications Subsidy -, In order tomeet the publication needs of its mem­ber associations, the PSSC plans tocontinue providing financial and tech­nical support for the publication of so­cial science journals.7. Research Consortia (Expansion) - Inresponse to a widespread clamor for theexpansion and establishment of a re­search consortium in other regions ofthe Philippines, the PSSC will organizeactive members of its research networkand band them together into regionalconsortia similar -to those in the Visayasand Mindanao.

D. "New Programs are also beingenvisioned to respond to evolvingchallenges and the demand for:excellence and relevance to Philip­pine social science undertakings."

1. Information Network- A majorrecommendation of the First NationalSocial Science Congress was the settingup of a nationwide information networkfor the social sciences. Towards thisend, the PSSC has come up with aprogram proposal which' shall utilizeits existing mechanisms and structuresin establishing a data bank on socialscience studies which can be renderedaccessible to academic institutions, re­searchers, planning agencies, privateorganizations, and other relevant insti­tutions.

The objectives of the program are:

a. Long-term objective - to developthe Philippine Social Science CouncilResearch Network into a PhilippineSocial Science Research and Inform­ation Network which will serve thesocial science information needs ofacademic, government and privatesectors in the country.

b. Short-term objectives

1. To develop a system of determiningthe social science information supplyand demands of the various sourcesand channels on the national andlocal levels.

2. To establish and strengthen linkagesbetween the member-institutions ofthe PSSC Research Network and thechannel and user institutions toensure the dissemination and utili­zation of social science information.

3. To establish a data bank on socialsciences at the PSSC and selectedPSSC-member institutions and todevelop a system of material col­lection, documentation, processing,dissemination, transformation, andbigliographic linkages and control.

4. To strengthen the human resourceand service capability of the dif­ferent members of the Social ScienceInformation Network.

5. To develop a system of monitoringand evaluating the performance ofthe network and the impact ofsocial science information on theplans and decision-making process ofthe user institutions and individuals.

The PSSC Information NetworkProject (PSSC INFONET) shall utilizethe existing data bases of the PSSC­member institutions. Though member­institutions participate mainly throughresearch, their respective libraries shallbe strengthened while participating inthis project by involving themselves inresearch dissemination and related infor­mation services. In this regard, selectedpersonnel in the different libraries willbe trained to provide these services.

Eventually, linkages will be estab-

lished among academic, government andprivate agencies to ensure that there areend-users, channels, as well as produ­cers of knowledge within the system.Project activities will include research,training, systems development andtesting, production of informationmaterials, networking, and monitoringand evaluation.

The PSSC has invited some agencies,such as the NEDA. NSTA, some privateagencies and international funding agen-·cies to 'jointly finance the project. At:present, the International Development:Research Centre (I ROC) 'of Canada,has expressed interest in the project.:It has committed partial funding for a,preliminary survey of existing social I

science literature and scholarship among,the participating PSSC Network libra-,ries. Negotiations are underway bet-:ween PSSC; lORe and other local ins-:titutions 'concerninq the additional,funding.2. Full Scholarship Program - To covena much greater number of deserving]social science students, special attentiomshall be given to manpower develop-.ment outside Metro Manila. Further-imore, the PSSC slilall put more efforts.

x.:towards full, rather than partial scho-ilarships or fellowships.

3. Metro Manila Faculty Consortia '_The rationale behind the facultyjconsortia currently being prccosed:by the PSSC's Institutional Devel"opment Committee is based on theneed to upgrade the professional capabi+lities of social scientists in the GreaterManila area. It is primarily aimed atproviding training in social scienceres@rch by tapping the capabilities offaculty members in private schools.4. Computerization Program - PSSC isproposing to modernize its operationsthrough a computerization program.This is also in anticipation of its futurerole as a national center of the inform­ation networks being set up, the IN­FONET and the APINESS (Asia-Pacifi'c(Information Network in the SocialSciences)

(continued on page 26")

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pssc activities

APRIL - JUNE 1986/15

Dr. Carolina G. Hernandez (Executive Board Chairman) presents the first copy of thePSSC book Faces of Philippine Poverty: Four Cases from the Visayas to Fr. Theo­dore Murnane (Visayas Research Consortium Coordinator) during a launchingactivity held last May 23, 1986 at the PSSCenter.

•PSSC Book on Poverty Launched

PSSC's book publication, Faces ofPhilippine Poverty: Four Cases fromthe Visayas, was formally launched tothe public in a simple ceremony held atthe PSSCenter Auditorium on May 23,1986.

During the ceremony, Dr. RicardoAbad and Dr. Violeta Lopez-Gonzaga,two of the book editors, gave briefremarks on the process,problems andevents encountered in the making of thebook. Dr. Carolina G. Hernandez, 1986Executive Board Chairman, made theconcluding 'remarks in behalf of thePSSC, while Prof. Ruben F. Trinidad,Executive Director, served as Master ofCeremonies. A highlight of the activitywas the symbolic turnover of the firstcopy of the book to Fr. TheodoreMurnane, as a gesture of appreciationfor the primary role: played by theVisayas Research Consortium in thebook project.

The book is a compilation of re­search reports on a study on regionalpoverty conducted by the VisayasResearch Consortium of PSSC, throughthe collaborative effort pf four academ­ic institutions in the, Visayas: theCentral Philippine University (CPU) inIloilo City; Silliman Un,iversity (SU) inDumaguete City; University of SanCarlos (USC) in Cebu; and La Salle

I

College (LSC) in Bacolod, The studycompares the socioeconomic conditionsof four livelihood-based sectors in theVisayas with the main assertion that thedifferences in the nature and extent ofpoverty among these groups are due tothe opportunities availa~le to them. Thefindings are discussed. extenslvelv in thebook as follows: I

Chapter 1 - The Po~erty Conditionof Artisanal Fishermen lin Iloilo Prov­ince by Venancio B. Ardales and FelyP. David;

Chapter 2 - Mechanization, LaborEmployment and Poverty in Negros:Sugarcane Workers' Response to Tech-

nological Change in Sugar Farming byVioleta Lopez-Gonzaga;

Chapter 3 - Scavengers in CebuCity: A Case Study of Urban Poverty byJoseph Fernandez and Amalia de laTorre;

Chapter 4 - Poverty in the Upland:Lowland Migrant Swiddeners in theBalinsasayao Forest, Negros Oriental byRowe V. Cadelifia:

Chapter 5 - Philippine Poverty. Studies: Concepts, Problems and anAlternative Approach by Rowe V.Cadelifia,

Aside from Dr. Ricardo G. Abad(Chairman, Department of Sociologyand Anthropology, Ateneo de ManilaUniversity) and Dr. Violeta Lopez­Gonzaga (Director, La Salle College Re­search Center), the other editor of thebook is Dr. Rowe V. Cadellfta (Director,Silliman University Research Center).

The book costs 'PEl5.DD a copy.Interested parties may forward theirorders and inquiries to the Central Sub­scription Service, PSSCenter, DonMariano Marcos Ave., Diliman, Quezon

City or by calling up tel. no. 9229621loc.324.

* * *

Search for PSSC-eASSExchange Scholar

The Philippine Social Science Coun­cil and the Chinese Academy of SocialScience wish to announce the search fora Filfpino exchange scholar to thePeople's.. Republic of China for CY1986. The exchange program covers aone-month stay in the People's Republicof China tentatively set for the monthof October 1986.

The candidate must possess the fol­lowing qualifications: 1) natural-bornFilipino citizen; 2) must show indica­tions of commitment to Chinese Stud­ies, e.g., evidence of previous seriouswork; 3) must specialize in a discipllinein the arts and sciences; and 4) musthave an institutional base (academic,government, etc.), preferably be a mem­ber of an organization affiliated withPSSC.

16/PSSCSOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMATION

I

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Candidates must submit the follow­ing requirements on or before July 3q~

1986: 1) letter of application; 2) curri­culum vitae; 3) a brief proposal on whatthe candidate intends to do and howhe/she thinks the trip will benefit his/herinterests in Chinese Studies; and 4) let­ters of endorsement from the candi­date's institutional base and fromhis/her professional association.

Applications may be sent to:The Institutional Development

CommitteePhilippine Social Science CouncilDon Mariano Marcos AvenueDiliman, Quezon City orP.O. Box 205 UP Post OfficeDiliman, Quezon CityTel. No. 9229621

* * *Panel Discussion Series: Towards aJust and Democratic Philipp;ne Society

Towards a Just and DemocraticPhilippine Society was the, theme ofa series of panel discussions organizedby the Council under the leadership ofthe Social Issues Committee. Threepanel-discussion sessions were conduc­ted on three equally-relevant topics. '

The first panel discussion was heldon April 15 at the PSSCent~r. SeminarRoom on the topic "Political andConstitutional Reforms Toward a Justand Democratic Society." The Philip­pine Political Science Association(PPSA) was the lead group of the saidactivity. Invited as speakers were Dr.Carolina G. Hernandez, Dr. :EmmanuelC. Lallana and Dr. Rene C. Mendoza.Atty. Musib Buat and Dr. Nemesio E.Prudente participated as discussants.

IProf. Carmencita T. Aguilar,' vice-presi-dent of PPSA served as the moderator.

The second panel discussion onApril 17 at the PSSC Seminar Roomtackled "Government Reforms and Re­organization: National and Local As­pects". It was co-sponsored by thePhilippine Society for Public Adminis­tration. Speakers were Dr. Raul P-. deGuzman who talked on "General Con-

cepts and Principles in GovernmentReforms and Reorganization", Dr.Amelia Ancog, and Ms. Perla Segoviaon "Government Reforms and Re­organization: Structural Aspects", Prof­Ma. Concepcion P. Alfiler on "Govern­ment Reforms and Reorganization:Ethical and Accountability Aspects",and Dr. Romeo B. Ocampo on "LocalGovernment Reforms." Also presentas discussants during the session wereMin. Luis Villafuerte, Hon. Raul M.Gonzalez, Director Oscar C. Anicetoand Datu Michael O. Mastura. Theincumbent president of PSPA, Dr.Gabriel U. Iglesias, gave the welcomeremarks and served as the moderator.

The last panel discussion dealt on"Organizing People's Power." The ses­sion was conducted on April 12 at thePSSCenter Seminar Room, with theassistance of the Philippine Associationof Social Workers, Philippine Socio­logical Society, Psychological Associa­tion of the Philippines and the Ugna­yang Pang-Aghamtao, Inc. A paperentitled "People's Power Toward a Justand Democratic Philippine Society"by Prof. Ponciano L. Bennagen wasthe main focus for discussion. Min.Mita Pardo de Tavera, Mr. AgapitoAquino and Mr. Jaime Tadeo spokeas discussants. The panel discussionwas introduced and moderated byDr. Sylvia H. Guerrero.

* * *Seminar-Workshop on State Violence

The much-awaited seminar-workshopon state violence was finally conductedon May 9 and 10 at the PSSCenter Audi­torium through the initiatives of thePSSC Social Issues Committee. Entitled"Anatomy of State Violence: The Phil­ippine Expeirence," the activity had thefollowing as main speakers: Dr. RosarioM. Cortes, Mr. Jose Maria Sison, Hon.Jose W. Diokno and Dr. Armando S.Malay, Jr.

The two-day seminar was culminatedbX a workshop which addressed variousissues on violence, specifically, the role

of social scientists in the social restruc­turing of a polarized and radicalizedPhilippine society.

The first speaker, Dr. Rosario M.Cortes, gave a historical account of stateviolence in the Philippines, dating backto the Spanish Period when internalmigrations started into the frontier areasof Luzon and the Visayas. She said thatthe pioneers who came to "tame thefrontiers", were economically miserableand had to financially rely on theforeigners, and native principales, wholater became their landlords. The dis­locations . and excesses committedcreated a quasi-patriarchal set-up be­tween the landlord and his subservients,and brought about social unrest whichwas manifested in various forms: bandit­ry, folk religious movements withmillenarian and utopian overtones, andthe Philippine Hevolution of 1872­1902.

According to Dr. Cortes, peasantmovements increased in the 1920'sdue to the disputes between Friar own­ers of the great estates and their tenants.Eventually, the peasants involved inthese groups became the backbone ofthe Huk movement 'during and follow- , 'ing the second World War. After its de­feat in the 1950's, the Huks were suc­ceeded by the NPA's.

Dr. Cortez also stated that late in1969, there had emerged an organizedand militant movement for change,which involved different sectors ofsociety. The movement has generatednationwide support through massivedemonstrations and teach-ins. Theiractivities, however, were later used byMr. Marcos to justify the declarationof martial law.

At this point, she said, the primaryrole played by the Philippine Militaryduring the Martial Law Period cannotbe ignored. Mr. Marcos had effectivelyutilized the Armed Forces as a politicaltool. To maintain the period of fascistdictatorship, the military was used tooppress rather than to protect thepeople. In return, Marcos placed the

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APRIL - JUNE 1986/17

PSSC

Dr. Armando S. Malay, Jr. on"Revolutionary Violence" .

Mr. Jose Ma. Sison on "The SocialBasisof a Fascist State." Seated besidehim is Dr. Carolina G. Hernandez,1986 PSSC Executive Board Chairman.

layman's language is the rule of fairplay, was drafted by Western lawyersafter World War II, to be enforced b¥ agovernment whose authority the peoplerecognize as legitimate. The rule of lawrequired that legal changes come onlythrough recognized political processes;that governments have a monopoly onforce; and that any defiance of the lawhas to be dealt with firmly. In ex­change, theoretically speaking, govern­ment has to use force only to prevent

Hon. Jose W. Diokno on "The Rule ofLaw and State Violence."

Dr. Rosario M. Cortes on "StateViolence: A Historical Perspective."

basic problems of the people, it oughtto encourage and participate in a broaddemocratic alliance of the people ­including the revolutionary forces,instead of submitting to the pressuresfrom the U.S., the Emile-Ramos blocand the Marcos forces.

The third paper of the seminar­workshop was delivered by Sen. JoseW. Diokno. He began by giving a briefbackground on the rule of law. Thedoctrine of the rule of law, which in

military at the top and center of nation­al life, rewarding it with positions,privileges and prerequisites. It was pro­bably inevitable that the militaryorganization would develop a keenawareness of its importance.

Jose Maria Sison, the second speakerdealt on the topic "The Social Basis of aFascist State." He started with the as­sertio,;, that among capitalist countries,there comes a point when the capitalistclass sheds off the trappings of demo­cracy to preserve the exploitative rela­tions in society, adopts fin open rule ofterror and launches wars of agression toredivide the world. World Wars I and IIwere the results of this general crisisbeing experienced by capitalist states.The U.S. has so far avoided becoming anoutright fascist state and has so far beenable to afford the trappings of demo­cracy at home because it has conti­nuously benefited from imperialistplunder.

Mr. Sison also identified basic andessential features which .characterizes afascist state: 1) the ruling clique hadrisen to power or fortified its rule bytaking a rabid anticommunist andchauvi·nist line, thereby getting the sup­port of the big bourgeoisie and otherreactionary forces; 2) the coercive ap­paratuses of the state, ~ften in colla­boration with the armed gangs of thefascist party, were used to wipe outbourgeois democratic rights and todestroy democratic forces; and 3) togain a mass following, the fascist cliqueengaged in revolutionary phrase monger­ing wh.ile attacking and suppressing thecommunists, working class and otherdemocratic forces.

The second part of M~. Sison's paperpertained to the rise of the Marcosfascist dictatorship. He epumerated theroot causes of fascist dictatorship: U.S.monopoly, capitalism, feudalism andbureaucrat capitalism. sd long as theseremain, the reemergence of a fascistdictatorship is a strong possibility. Hethen recommended that if the Aquinogovernment would like to face up to the

18/PSSCSOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMA TlON

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force from being used against the peopleand only as a last resort.

He said that this is in contrary to thePhilippine situation where state violenceis not new. Political detention, torture,disappearances, extra-legal killings andhamletting were practiced then as theywere practiced during the Marcosregime.

Sen. Diokno traced the occurence ofstate violence to some fundamentalcauses: imperialist interests aljgned withthe local elites, the failure of the econo­mic system to fulfill the basic needs ofthe people, a government that does notrepresent the majority poor, the use ofpropaganda tools and goverl')ment ele­ments to propagate the notion thatanyone who oppose the 'prevailingsystem is a subversive/communist andtherefore, must be deprived of his basicrights. By identifying the c~uses, onecan at least see some concrete' solutions.

Sen. Diokno proposed for more par­ticipation in the drafting of the newconstitution so that the powerlessgroups will be represented, He alsourged for removal of foreign ~ases in the

I

country, the cancellation of the nuclearplant, and eventual wipe-out of foreignintervention. Lastly, he called for theformation of more organizations which

Iwill be united towards a] commonnationalist cause.

The fourth paper presented byDr. Armando S.Malay, Jr. enunciatedon the problematic of revolutionaryviolence in the Philippines. jThe revo­lutionary myth of the PhilippineRadicalLeft possesses some characteristicswhich set it apart from its predecessors:1) the concept of revolutionary violenceas a moral response to "State ~iolence"

gained credence with the Marcos re- /gime's abusive resort to armed repress­ion; 2) the CPP-NPA-NDF's agreementfor revolutionary violence 'l"as moreoften than not articulated within theframework of the party's polemic withthe "revisionist" PKP and to a lesserextent, with the Christian Democrats

because the need to assert revolutionarylegitimacy conferred a particular com­bativeness to the party's ideologicalstance; and 3) the radical Left's praxisof revolutionary violence stressed thecatalyzing effect of the judiciousemployment of arms. The classicMarxist imagery of violence as the mid­wife of historical change, has alwaysaccompanied the orthodox discourse ofthe CPP. At any rate, this was the cruxof the party's interpretation of theimminence of armed struggle and revo­lution: "not a single movement or partyof the proletariat has ever seized politic­cal power without following the princi-

. pie of armed revolution."Dr. Malay said that the imposition of

martial law in 1972 was viewed by theNPA as favorable, in a sense. Under Mar­tial Law, Philippine society became alaboratory where the dialectics of armedstruggle can be tested under optimalconditions.

He then discussed the reemergenceof the adherents of a pacifist "thirdway" in the steadily constricting polit­ical spectrum. The third force's maincontradiction with the NDF lies in theirpersistence in "giving democracy one lastchance" through peaceful means. Theassassination of Ninoy Aquino embold­ened many more in their belief in apacifist third alternative. Moreover, theoverwhelming majority of "concernedcitizens" who trooped to EDSA lastFebruary 22 to 25 made a victory of the"third force" possible at last.

Furthermore, Dr. Malay stated that areformist civilian government has indeedcome to power, thanks in part to a mili­tary rebellion. Judging from the tenorof goodwill emanating from the radicalLeft, the new dispensation stands agood chance of defusing the causes ofthe Communist-led insurgency, jf noteradicating it completely. Aquino's as­cendancy has brought a lot of pleasant

. surprises, and only a few negative fac­tors. Yet these negative factors make upfor their meager quantifiability by theirwell-entrenched structural character.

The fundamental problems that stillremain to be solved may present a justi­fication for revolutionary violence. Onone hand, the heightened appreciationof the use of concerted mass actionwhich the recent resurgence of "peo­ple's power" has brought about maypave the way for the social revolutionthat was allegedly missing in the EDSA .rebellion.

One question is posed by Dr. Malay:Will this not improbable social revolu­tion be as non-violent?

.. " "APINESS Launching

The Asia-Pacific Information Net­work in Social Sciences (APINESS)was launched during' the RegionalMeeting of Experts of the UnitedNations Educational Scientific andCultural Organization (UNESCO) andthe Association of Asian Social ScienceResearch Councils (AASSREC) whichwas held in Bangkok from May 1;2 to16, 1986. Mrs. Lorna P. Makil, ProgramCoordinator of the PSSC Informationand Special Services Division, represen­ted the Philippines in this meeting.

PSSC's participation in APINESSstarted in October 1985 upon receiptfrom UNESCO of a preliminary feasi­bility study on the establishment of aregional information network. Thepossibility of making PSSC the nationalcontact point of APINESS in the Philip­pines was brought up.

On April 18, 1986, the UNESCONational Commission in Manila invitedPSSC representatives to join headsof other libraries and information unitsin a meeting to discuss the concept ofAPINESS in preparation for the Bang­kok launching. It was in this meetingwhere the decision to make PSSC thenational 'contact point of APINESSwas finalized.

Held at the UNESCO Principal Re­gional Office for Asia and the Pacific,the launching was witnessed by 16participants representing the various

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I, .'.Social Science Research Councils inthe region.

The Agenda of the meeting-launchingwas as follows:

a) Briefing on the proposed networkand presentation of backgrounddocuments;

b) Country situation on social sci­ence information and documenta­tion centers;

c) Institutional framework and go­verning structure of APINESS;

d) Program of activities and pro­posals for 1986-1989;

e) Conclusions and, Recommenda­tions;

f) Adoption of the Report

With regard to the Countrv Situationon Social Science Information andDocumentation Centers,' Mrs_ Lorna P.Makil delivered a seven-paged reportwhich emphasized PSSc:'s informationdissemination program. The said reportwas complemented by an earlier coun­try report prepared for: UNESCO byMrs. Belen Angeles of the UP Schoolof Economics.

A very substantial output of themeeting was the identification ofproposed activities of the Network

The proposed activities for the period1986-1989 are: 1) development ofresources and capabilities; 2) adop­tion and development of norms andstandards of information handling;3) development of linkagJs and coope­rative activities; 4) training of socialscientists/users of social science infor­mation; 5) publication of the state­of-the-art reports on social science sub­jects; 6) processing and repackaging ofsocial science information/tesearch data

I

for policymakers; 7) bilateral agree-ments; 8) development/inteqration ofspecialized sub-networks into APINESS;and 9) publication of APINESS news­letter and publicity of 4PINESS insimilar bulletins.

Aside from Mrs. Makil, Dr. UrsulaPicache of the U.P. Institute of LibraryScience attended the APINESS launch­ing as one of the resource speakers.

Bennagen and Villacorta in ConCom

Prof. Ponciano L. Bennagen, Pres­ident of the Ugnayang Pang-Aghamtao,Inc. (Anthropological Association ofthe Philippines) and Professor of theUP Department of Anthropology andDr. Wilfredo V. Villacorta, Public Rela­tions Officer of the Philippine PoliticalScience Association and Dean of theDLSU College of Arts and Sciences,were recently appointed by PresidentCorazon Aquino as members of theConstitutional Commission which wasconvened last June 2 at the Batasang

Pambansa in Quezon City.Prof. Bennagen was appointed to

represent the academe and the culturalminorities while Dean Villacorta waschosen to also represent the academe.

* * *PSSC ConCom Task Force

To manifest support to the endea­vors of the Constitutional Commission(ConCom), the PSSC has created aspecial Task Force Committee whichwill serve as a resource base for mem­bers of the appointive body. The PSSCTask Force on the Constitutional Com­mission is a multi-disciplinary groupof social scientists whose aim is toconsolidate studies, researches or posi­tion papers that directly pertain to thework of relevant committees within theCommission. It is headed by Mr. CesarP. Macuja, immediate past chairmanof the PSSC Executive Board.

The ConCom Committees to beassisted are: 1) Form of Government;2) Citizenship, Bill of Rights, PoliticalRights and Obligations; 3) Constitu­tional Commissions; 4) Accountabilityof Public Officials; 5) National Eco­nomy and Patrimony; 6) General Pro­visions; 7) Amendments and Transi­tory Provisions; 8) Human Resources;and 9) Social Justice.

As of date, the PSSC has alreadyjoined the Convenors' steering com­mittee for the Regional Public Con­sultations being held in 43 provinces,

APRIL - JUNE 1986/19,

Cities and towns in 'the country. k·cordingly, the PSSC has designated andfielded resource coordinators/facilita­tors in nine identified sites for thepublic consultations. In areas wherePSSC have no fielded coordinators,some members of the Task Force havevolunteered to join to be able to renderassistance.

The Council has also submitted re­source statements to the nine identifiedcommittees and to the individualCommissioners, To constantly respondto their resource needs, the PSSCattends plenary sessions and publichearings, and maintain close contactwith the individual Commissioners.

* * *RPP Update

The Resources for People Program(RPP) of the PSSC, in cooperation withthe Forum for Rural Concens, held aforum entitled "Genuine Land Reform:Its Essence and Content" last May 17at the PSSC Seminar Room. The forumwas aimed at the dissemination ofinformation il'\ order to update othersectors on the status of land reform,in the country specifically, with regardto the government's concept of landreform, vis-a-vis the farmers' views onthe issue.

Main speakers were Director. Seve­rino Madronio of the Ministry ofAgrarian Reform and Mr. FelicisimoPatayan (alias Ka Memong), of theKilusang Magbubukid sa Pilipinas. Mr.Eugenio Lopez of the Forum for RuralConcerns was the moderator.

Director Madronio discussed thegovernment's land reform program,more particularly, the Operation LandTransfer and the Operation Leasehold.He stressed that the Ministry's conceptof land reform is not only limited tomere land distribution but also includes:the delivery of a package of servicesthat complement land distribution toensure further security of tenure.

He also expressed the intention ofthe government to expand the cover­age of the program to include sugar and

(Continued on page 22)

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2O/PSSCSOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMA TlON

announcements•

* * *

Call for Contributions: Anthology onthe 1986 Revolution

* * *

* * *

World Conference 'on Technologyand Education

The World Conference on Techno­logy and Education will be held inManila at the Philippine Plaza Hotelfrom July 28 to August 1, 1986.

One thousand participants from theU.S. and Europe, the Southeast Asiancountries and other parts of the worldare expected to attend the conference,making it one of the biggest to be heldthis year in Manila. Education MinisterLourdes Ouisurnbinq will be the key­note speaker.

The conference is sponsored by theSoutheast Asian Ministers of EducationOrganization (SEAM EO) Regional Cen­ter for Educational Innovation andTechnology (INNOTECHl, in coopera­tion with the University of South'

'Carolina and the School of TechnicalCareers of the Southern Illinois Uni­

, versity.A conference fee of $50.00 will be

charged from each participant fromAsia and the Pacific, and $90.00 willbe charged from each participant fromU.S.A. and Europe.

Additional inquiries may be for-warded to:

INNOTECHDon Mariano Marcos AvenueU.P. Diliman, Quezon CityTel. Nos. 982591 and 982592.

methods for improving the overallquality of dernoqrahic vdata and theircollecti on.

Inquiries about fellowships for theworkshop and/or training programmemay be directed to the USAID Missionin readers' countries or the UnitedNations Representative there. Forfurther information about the statis­tical program, readers may write to: TheChief, Training Branch, International

,Statistical Training Program Center,U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington,D.C. 20233, U.SA

International Statistical TrainingProgram

The Research Center of De La SalleUniversity plans to encourage scholarly,creative and professional publicationswith the establishment of the AnnualAwards for Outstanding Articles. Thecompetition is open to writers of arti­cles published in the various journalsof the University. One winner everyyear will be selected from each of theseven categories: Social Sciences,Humanities, Sciences, Business andEconomics, Engineering, ComputerScience and Pilipino.

Articles will be judged according tothe following criteria: quality of re­search, contribution to the discipline,organization and presentation, and read­ership appeal. Each category will haveits respective panel of judges composedof three members, one of whom willcome from outside of De La SalleUniversity.

Authors of the winning articles willbe awarded plaques of merit.

The award will be given every year,starting S.Y. 1986-87.

DLSU Annual Awards for OutstandingJou mal Articles

* * *

The International Statistical ProgramCenter of the United States Bureau ofthe Census recently announced theholding of a one-year statistical trainingprogram and a three-week summerworkshop on microcomputer applica­tions for demographic statistics. Thetraining program shall run from Septem­ber 2, 1B86 to July 31, 1987, while theworkshop will begin on June 30, 1986.

The demographic statistics curricu­lum is designed to provide participantswith the knowledge and skills requiredto collect demographic data neededin research work or in data analysis.It teaches trainees techniques for devel­oping demographic measures from in­complete and defective data; as well as

The 1986 Peaceful Revolution asviewed by the country's creative writerswill be the subject of a literary antho­logy to be released before the yearends. A German edition of the book willbe published in Germany three monthsafter publication of the Philippineedition.

;Each contributor may, send in not

more than five poems, one short story,one play, or one essay. An editorialboard made up of eminent Filipino,writers will select the pieces for theanthology. The authors of the contri­butionsaccepted will be sntitled tohonoraria from the publishers:

Contributions should be. sent not'later than 1 September 1986 to:Words of Love and Hate, Anthologyc/o Mrs. Esther M. PachecoAteneo de Manila University PressP.O. Box 154, Manila 2801

Entitled Words of Love and Hate:Filipino Writers, View, the 1P86 Revo­lution, the anthology will include con­tributions in various genres ~ poetry,drama, short story, essay. Contributionsmay be in English and in any otherPhilippine vernacular and preferablyunpublished. A piece in a Philippine.vernacular, however, must include anEnglish translation.

II

Production of the antholqgy will bemanaged by Philippine book 'publishers

and cooperating German book expertsat the Publishing Workshop in Manila,to be sponsored by the Frankfurt Book

, Fair International Division on Decem­ber 1 to 10, 1986. Philippine coordina­tor for the workshop and the :anthologyproject is Mrs. Esther M.: Pacheco,Philippine book expert an~ directorof the Ateneo de Manila UniversityPress.

McNamara Fellowship Program

The World Bank-sponsored RobertoS. McNamara Fellowship Program isnow accepting applications for school­

year 1987-88.A limited number of fellowships will

be awarded for a one-year period begin­ning July 1, 1987 for full-time work atthe post-graduate level in fields relatedto economic development and insti­tution-building. Applications will beconsidered from individuals, as well asfrom small groups of not more than fivepersons who come from the same insti­tution and who can jointly undertakea specific project. The innovative orimaginative character of the work tobe done will be a major basis for select­

ion.. The felJowship will include a stipend

to cover subsistence and accommoda­tion, travel, book allowance and costof residence. To qualifv, an applicantmust be: 1) a national of a . Bank­member country; 2) 35 years of ageor under; 3) a holder 'of a Master'sdegree or its equivalent; and 4) in aposition to carry out the fellowshipwork in a country other', than the can­didate's own.

Deadline for submission of applica­tions is November 1, 1~86. Inquiriescan be forwarded to:

McN.amara Fellowship ProgramEconomic Development InstituteThe World Bank1818 M. Street, N.W.Washington, D.C. 2043~ U.S.A.

* * *

International Conference onInput-Output Techniques :

The 8th International Conference onInput-Output Techniques will be held inSapporo, Japan from July ?8 to August2 this year.

The conference has ten 'plenarv ses­sions and twenty workshops in its line­up of activities. Other on-the-spotworkshops will also be arranged.

The sessions will be focused on thefollowing topics: 1) Applications of

Input-Output Techniques in Japan; 2)Special Problems of lnput-Output Ap.plications in Developing Countries;3) Input-Output and TechnologicalChange; 4) Input-Output in Statistics;5) Input-Output and EconometricModels; 6) Regional Development andStructure of the Hokkaido Economy;7) Human and Natural Resources inInput-Output Models; 8) Linkages:Regional and International; 9) Input­Output and Planning; and 10) Input­Output and Mathematical Economics.

Spearheading the activity is theLocal Organizing Committee of Japanfor the conference and the UnitedNations Industrial Development Orqa­nization.

* * *

Advanced Research Fellowship inForeign Policy Studies

The Social Science Research Council,with the assistance of the Ford Founda­tion, has announced the opening of itsResearch Fellowship Program on Fo­reign Policy Studies. The program aimsto extend research on U.S. foreignpolicy-making processes beyond theconventional agencies' of the U.S. fede­ral executive. Specifically, it seeks toencourage empirical research that 1) ana­lyze how institutions, groups, sectors,or broad societal forces bear on U.S.relations with other countries; 2) com­pare, the making of contemporary U.S.foreign policy to policy-making proces­ses across historical periods, issues or

countries: and 3) make use of theoriesand insights from diverse social sciencedisciplines.

The program supports one to twoyears of research. Awards include astipend as well as limited funds to coverresearch expenses, totall ing an amountwithin the range of $25,000-$30,000per year. Additional funds will be avail­able for expenses incurred in attendingperiodic conferences.

Fellowships are awarded with theclear expectation that fellows will com­plete publication-worthy research ma­nuscripts within the duration period

APRIL - JUNE 1986/21

of their award.With regard to qualification require­

ments,applicants with scholarly on aca­demic experience must hold a I?h.D.or an equivalent research degree; whilethose with professional background inlaw, journalism or government mustevidence a degree of accomplishmentequivalent to the Ph.D., typicallydemonstrated by the publication of arti­cles or books which contribute to re­search literature. Selection of award­ees will be made on the basis of evalua­tions and recommendations of, aCouncil-appointed .Committee on Fo­reign Policy Studies.

The deadline for application isOctober 1, 1986. The awardees willi beannounced in February 1987. Furtherinformation can be obtained from:The Social Science Research Council,Program in Foreign Policy Studies,605 Third Avenue, New York, N'ewYork. tel. no. (212) 661-0280.

* * *

Course on Disarmament andConflict Research

The International School on Disar­mament and Research on Conflicts willhold its eleventh course on August 20to 30 in San Miniato, Pisa, Italy. Thecourse is intended for those who have!aprofessional interest on these problemsor those who would like to playa moreactive and technically competent role i'nthis area of endeavor. It will have aninterdisciplinary character and extendits subject matter from the technicaland scientific side of the problem to itssociological and political implications.

The main topics are "The Arms Race• and Prospects for Arms Control" and

"Peace Teaching and Peace Researchat University Level."

Eminent scientists from al/ over theworld will act as principal lecturers..

The course consists of tormattecturesdelivered by the principal lecturers"seminars organized by the participants I

themselves, round-table and general Iopen discussions.

22/PSSCSOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMA nON

An admission fee of Lit. 600,00(approx. u.s. $400) will be chargedfrom each participant to cover attend­ance, accomodation and full boardexpenses.

A limited number of scholarshipscovering the admission fees only isavailable for those who do not receivesupport from other source. Appli­cants unable to pay the admission feesshould indicate this in thelr letter ofapplication.

Interested parties must 'submit thefollowing information: 1) full name,date and place of birth, sex, full ad­dress, nationality; 2) degre~ and otheracademic qualifications; 3) present pro­fessional activity and address, of place ofwork; 4) list of publications and fieldsof interest; and 5) recommendations,or letter of reference. ~pplications

should be received not later thanJuly 20, 1986 at the following address:

IProf. Carlo SchaerfDipartimento di fisicaUniversita degli Studi d] R:omaPiazzale Aldo Mora, 2

•pssc activities(Continued from page17) Icoconut lands. He also called for areview of land transfer policies becausethe 4.49 million hectares! of arableland is definitely insufficient for dis­tribution to an ever-increasinq landlessfarming population.

In comparison, Mr. Patayan or KaMemong discussed the exploitation andhardships experienced by Filipino pea-,sants due to factors such as the presence

of multinational corporatibns, locallandowners of large tracts of land andintense military operations. i

Ka Memong enumerated eleven spe­cific demands of the farmers addressedto the Aquino government. He ex­pressed hope that the new governmentwould not stress ownership by titlebut instead reward the efforts of thepeople directly responsible f~r creatingwealth from the land. He 'urged the

1-00185 Roma, ItallaTel. (39-6) 4976350/4976320Telex 613255 INFNRO I

New Publications

Ethnicity and Fertility in the Philippines

The Institute of Southeast AsianStudies of Singapore (ISEAS) recentlypublished a book entitled Ethnicityand Fertility in the Philippines byPilar Hames-Jimenez and Ma. CeciliaGastardo-Conaco, Research Associateand Behavioral Sciences faculty memberof De La Salle University, and Depart­ment of Psychology faculty memberof the University of the Philippines,respectively. The book is one of the sixcountry reports of the ASEAN in athree-year (1980-82) crosscultural pro­ject on ethnicity and fertility in South­east Asia. The entire project was coor­dinated by the ISEAS.

Role of East Asia in World Peace

Now available is, The Role of EastAsia in World Peace, a compilation of

administration to constantly' make therights and welfare of farmers their pri­mary consideration in the review ofthe land, reform proqram.

* * *

Consortia Update

The Visayas Research Consortium(VRC) and the Eastern Mindanao AreaResearch Consortium' (EMARC) con­ducted their consultation-workshopsat the PSSCenter from May 19 to 24.

The two groups met with theirPSSC consultants to discuss the currentstatus of the projects as well as todetermine the steps that will be-under­taken in the future.

The VRC met with' Dr. Cynthia'Bautista and Dr. Rosario Ballescas todiscuss and assess the activities of thefirst year of the research consortia pro-

papers and proceedings of the 14thInternational Conference on WorldPeace held in Baguio City from August1 to 4, 1985. The book contains paperswritten by leading social and politicalscientists from Japan, Korea, China,U.S.A., Malaysia and the Philippines.

According to Bro. Andrew Gon­zalez, President of De La Salle Univer­sity, the book presents a cross-sectionof the perceptions and research findingsof reputable scholars in the countries 'involved. While there is a diversity ofviews, what brings them together is asense of realism and a realization that ifworld peace is to be achieved, the dif­ferent countries in East Asia must takean active and self-initiating role to bringthis peace about.

The papers from the Philippines,contributed by active political scientistsof the country, give an update on cur­rent thinking in Philippine foreignpolicy and is recommended for reading'by students, teachers and researcherswho are interested in the problemsof world peace.

M WM;g

gram, particularly the documentationand survey aspects. The consortium alsodevoted time for planning matters thatare necessary for future action.

The EMARC presented the regionalprofiles prepared by each research cen­ter to serve as research leads for theconcretization of its project on "TheImpact of' Current Development Stra­tegies on Rural Households in Minda­nao." Also discussed was the Prelimi­nary Integrated Report of the saidresearch project. The consortium likewiseundertook planning sessions for thepossible publication of "Dimensions andDeterminants of Poverty among CoastalFishermen in Eastern Mindanao,"

Present during the consultation­workshops as consultants were Dr.'Cynthia Bautista, Dr. Rosario Balles­cas, Dr. Pilar Jimenez and Dr, CarlitoAnol'luevo.

'~.~ ,

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newsbriefsWorkshop on Upland Resources Devel­opment

The Research Center of De La SalleUniversity (DLSUI. together with theProgram on Environmental Science andManagement of the University of thePhilippines at Los Banos, (UPLB),co-sponsored the Upland ResourceDevelopment Policy Workshop lastMarch 18 at the Asian Institute ofTourism in Diliman. Held through theassistance of the Ford Foundation,the aim of the workshop was to preparea set of policy recommendations onnatural resources, particularlv on theupland issues of forestry, land use,agriculture and community develop­ment. The outputs of the workshop

, I.. 'were submitted for consideration toNatural Resources Minister Ernesto

IMaceda. 'Dr. Rosemary Aquino, Director of

the Participatory Uplands ManagementProgram, coordinated the workshop on,behalf of DLSU Research Center.

* * * ,

New DAP Computer Center

The Micro Center; for, ComputerEducation and Application SoftwareDevelopment of the Development Aca­demy of the Philippines (DAP) wasformally opened in simple ceremoniesheld last June 10 at the DAP Buildingin Pasig, Metro Manila. Lourdes Quisum­bing, Education Minister and con­current DAP President ~nd Tadashi Yo­shioka, Executive Director of the Centerof the International Cooperation forComputerization (CICC) were the guestsof honor. . I

The center is established to supportvarious efforts to improve governmentservice using computeritechnology. It isenvisioned to develop' into a "svstemlaboratory" where government mana­gers and end-users may experiment

'with proto-type computer-based solu-tions to govemment system problems.

As a manifestation of support forDAP's efforts, the clce pledged todonate 15 units of 16-BIT Fujitsu mi­crocomputers, peripherals and softwarepackages for the use of the center.

* * *

1986 Outstanding Social Scientist

Dr. Bonifacio P. Sibayan was therecipient of the 1986 OutstandingScientist Award, (social sciences) con­ferred by the National Research Councilof the Philipines (NRCP) during its 53rdAnnual Meeting last March 15, 1986.Also honored were nine scientists fromother fields: Dr. Ernesto Domingo(medical sciences); Dr. Purificacion S.Suaco (pharmaceutical sciences); Dr.Ruben B. Aspiras (bioloqical sciences);Dr. Ramon C. Barba (agriculture andforestry); Dr. Ruben A. Garcia (en­gineering and industrial research); Dr.Jose A. Magpantay (physics); Dr. Ar­mando F. Kapauan (chemical sciences);Prof. Alfredo B. Saulo (humanities)and Dr. Jorge de las Alas (earthsciences).

Budget Minister Alberto Romulo wasthe guest speaker during the meetingwhich was attended by 700 scientists.He said that the Aquino governmentwill make the development of scienceand technology a priority objective tospeectJ up the country's economic re­covery and narrow the 'tremendousgap between the rich and the poor. Healso noted that while the government iswilling to support science and techno­logy it cannot make any commitment

APRIL - JUNE 1986/23

at this time because of budgetary con­straints.

He urged, however, the sciencecommunity to accelerate the pace ofresearch activities and maximize the useof financial and manpower resources forscience and technology by, makingaccessible the results of researches tothe rural areas.

Aside from the presentation ofawards, the NRCP also held its annualelections. Prof. Ofelia R. Angangcol was,chosen as Member-at-Large of the NRCP.:Governing Board. Elected as chairmenof the divisions of the NRCP were:Dr. Angel Q~ Yoingco - Division 1:Government, Education and Interna­tional Policies: Dr. Mercedes B. Con­cepcion - Division VIII :SbcialSciences; and Dr. Emerenciana Y. Arcel­lana - Division IX: Humanities.

* *.*

ASAP Annual Seminar and Assembl¥

The American Studies Associationof the Philippines (ASAP) held its1986 Annual Seminar and AssemblyLast June 14 at the Ramon Magsa/{sayCenter on Roxas Boulevard, Manila.,

The seminar focused on the theme"The U.S. Constitution and PhilippineDemocracy." Raul S. Manglapus, diplo­mat and political analyst, keynotedthe activity: Other speakers were Prof.Carmencita Aguilar of the Universityof the Philippines; Prof. Socorro Reyesof De La Salle University; Dr. MiltonCantor of the University of Massachu·setts of Amherst; and Dr. Graham'Madox of the University of NewEngland, Australia.

-,

* * *

Conference on the Manileiio Culture

Papers on the Manileiio culture werepresented in a conference held at CasaManila last April 11 and 12. LeadingFilipino scholars shared their views

24/PSSC SOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMATION

I/~I

".. !

and findings on Manila's history, societyand culture. Among them are Dr.Patricia B. Licuanan (psychologist).Dr. Socorro Reyes (political scientist).Soledad Reyes (literary critic), and Dr.Milagros Guerrero (historian). Dr. Ale­jandro Roces of the Presidential Com­mission on Good Government alsopresented his latest findings on "fiestas"in Manila.

* * *

New Central Bank Information Center

1

The Central Bank announced theestablishment of the Centra! Bank Cen­ter for Statistical lnforrnation to imme­diately and effectively respond to theneeds of the general public for statisticaldata.

The center consists of a specializeddata bank managed by data managers

I

from the research sector and a research-I

ers' bay which is the access area. DataI

available at the center include the latestmoney and banking statistics, as wellas trade and payments data generatedand compiled by the various depart­ments of the CB.

The establishment of the center isin line with CB's continu'ing effortsto inform the public on turrent sta­tistics on money and bankin'g and inter­national trade and payments. It is alsointended to encourage research in mone­tary and international economics.

The center is located at Room 401­A, Central Bank Complex, I A. Mabinicorner Vito Cruz streets, Manila andis open from Mondays throJgh Fridays,except holidays, from 9:a

l.m.to 12

Inoon and from 1 to 4 p.m. ;

* * *

Public Infonnation System P~oposal

Benjamin V. Lozare, Special Assist­ant to Information Minister TeodoroLocsin .and 'member of the PSSC Exe-

cutive Board, is I recommending thesetting up of mini "public informationagencies" under the Information Minis­try to make government publicationseasily accessible to the general public.

The information agencies will bescattered initially. among the keycommercial areas in Metro Manila,such as Cubao, Makati and the Uni­versity Belt. Each unit shall housegovernment publications which canbe lent for room use or sold at minimalprices. Outside Metro Manila, regionalcenters where studies and statisticspublications can be obtained will alsobe set up.

The agency, as envisioned, shallhave three basic programs: research,institutional development and programdevelopment. Under research, the agen-

. cy can undertake opinion polls whichcan aid the government in addressingsome basic national issues. In terms ofinstitutional development, the agencycan provide training on informationskills to information officers of thevarious ministries and particularly, torural broadcasters and journalists. Rural,and even urban, information campaignscan also be initiated for program devel­opment.

If effectively pursued, the publicinformation agencies proposed will bethe nucleus of a verv small but hope­fully effective Ministry of Information.

* * *

Forums on Church-State Relations

Several church leaders were theresource speakers at a forum on"Church State Relations from theViewpoint of Various Religions" heldon March 22 at De La Salle University.The speakers were Msgr. Moi~ An­drada on Roman Catholicism; Bro.Ulrich Volkel on the Unification Church;.Dr. Jose Fuliga on the Lutheran Church;Dr. Rodrigo Tano on the EvangelicalChurch; Rev. Ciriaco Lagunzad, Jr.

on the Episcopalian Church; Dr Sha­hida Jeffrey on Islamic Tradition;Dr. Wilfrido Villacorta on Thai Bud­dhism; and Dr. Alfredo Co on Confu­cianism. The keynote address was givenby the Most Reverend Bruno Torpig­liani, Papal Nuncio to the Philippines.

The activity was sponsored by the,DLSU Science Foundation and theInter-Faith Center for Religion andCulture, in cooperation with the Heli­gious Studies Department and theReligious Education Department of theGraduate School of Arts, Educationand Science.

A similar discussion was held last .May 8 at the Law Complex of theUniversity of the Philippines. The U.P.Academy of Asean Law and Jurispru­dence and the UP College of SocialSciences and Philosophy co-sponsored·a lecture forum on "ConstitutionalRevision, Theory and Practice: TheRelationship of Church and State."Dr. A.E. Dick Howard was the mainspeaker while some noted Filipinoconstitutionalists were the discussantsof the said activity.

Dr. A.E. Dick Howard is a distin­guished Professor of Law and PublicAffairs at the University of Virginia,Consultant to the U.S. Senate Sub­Committee on Constitutional Rights,and an expert on the theory and prac­tice of constitutional revision.

* * *

latest NCSO Statistics on Family Income

Latest statistics on family incomeand expenditures showed an apparentincrease in average annual income ofFilipino families. These findings wereannounced by the National Census andStatistics Office (NCSO) based on thepreliminary results of the Family In­come and Expenditure Survey whichwere released last June 6. The finalresults of the survey will be ready byearly 1987.

(Continued on p. 26)

I~:ll

social scientists on the move

APRIL - JUNE 1986/25

H

I

II

I·r-

r

Dr. Rosario M. Cortes of the U.P.Department of History left for theUnited States last June t to undertakeresearch at the Washington D.C. ar­chives under a Toyota Foundation inter­national grant on a project entitled,"A History of Pangasinan, A Provincein Northern Philippines, 1901-1972."She will be back on May 31, 1987.

* * *Dr. Tirso B. Paris, Jr. of U.P. at

Los Banos, (UPLB) is the new dean ofthe UPLB College of DevelopmentEconomics and Management. He suc­ceeded Pedro R. Sandoval, dean ofthe college for the last ten years.

I

* * *

Teresa S. Encarnaci~n of the U_P.Third World Studies Center will bebased at the University of Pennsylvaniauntil the end of the ~ear to pursue

1

advanced training in International Rela-tions under a University FellowshipGrant from the United Nations,

i

* * * II.

1

Comelia D. Fabitoof the U.P. ThirdWorld Studies Center went to Sydney,Australia last April 1 to: participate inthe training program of Ithe Bibliogra­phic Information in Southeast Asia(BISA). The training program is nowbeing conducted at the: University ofSidney until October 31. 1

* * * III

Dr. Elizabeth P. Marcelino of theU.P. Department of Ps~chology hadjust returned from Denmark where shehad a meeting with the members of theDanish Hirtshal Education Committeeto discuss her research I activities at

1

the Children's Rehabilitation Centerand to explore possible areas of coope­ration in the field of child psychology.Her stint abroad lasted from April 1to 30.

* * *

Dr. Estrella D. Solidum of the U.P.Department of Political Science wasa recipient of a European CommunityWorking Unit to Brussels, Belgiumunder the auspices of Friedrich EbertStiftung (FES). Her stay in Brusselslasted from Apri I 1 to May 15.

* * *

Dr. Jose Encarnacion of the U.P.School of Economics joined a meetingof the Executive Committee of the EastAsian Economic Association, which washeld in Kyoto, Japan from April 6 to9.

* * *

Prof. Natalia M.L.M. Morales of theU_P. Department of Political Sciencegave a lecture on "Post-Marcos Philip­pines: Challenges and Prospects and

'the Role of the Filipino Women" onApril 6 in Ochanomizu, Tokyo.

The lecture was part of a panelsymposium sponsored by the ToshimaWomen's Peace Association in Tokyo.

Prof_ Morales who is presently avisiting foreign researcher at SaitamaUniversity recently obtained her Ph.D.in Political Science from the U.P.Graduate School.

* * *

Dr. Bonifacio P. Salamanca of theU.P. Department of History conducteda research study in Singapore and

. Bangkok from April 6 to 12 to gatherdata on the history of the SoutheastAsian Ministers of Education Organiza­tion (SEAMEO) Center for EducationalInnovation and Technology (INNO­TECH). The trip, under th~ auspicesof INNOTECH, enabled Dr. Salamanca'to acquire important documents on thebackground and early beginnings ofINNOTECH. Singapore and Bangkokwere two of the first three "homes"of INNOTECH.

* * *

Dean Wilfrido V. Villacorta of'theD.L.S.U. College of Liberal Arts andDr. Virgilio Enriquez, Visiting Profes­sor of the D.L.S.U. Department ofBehavioral Sciences were elected Sect­ion Chairman for Political Science andPublic Administration, and SectionChairman for Psychology and Philo­sophy, respectively, of the SocialScience Division of the National Re­search Council of the Philippines(N RCP). The election was conductedduring a meeting of the NRCP at theUniversity of the Philippines last April7.

* * *

Dr. Jose M. Endriga of the U.P. Col­lege of Public Administration attendedthe American Studies Conference heldin Taipei from April 11 to 14.

* * *

Dr. Fe R. Arcinas of the !,J.P. Depart­ment of Sociology participated in aworkshop for the second phase of aproject called "Asian Migrant Work,ers

to the Gulf Re~ion:' The workshopwas held in Colombo, Sri Lanka lastApril 16.

* * *

Dr. Francisco M. Nemenzo of theU.P. Department of Political Scienceleft for Australia last April 16 on alecture tour. He returned last May 2.

* * *

Dr. Ledevina V. Cariiio of the U.P.College of Public Administration wentto Chungmai, Thailand to participate ina meeting of case study writers heldfrom April 20 to 27.

* .. ..

Dr. Jose Vivencio of the U.P. Philip­pine Studies Program attended theSession of the World Peace Council(WPC) held in Sofia, Bulgaria fromApril 21 to 27.

26!PSSCSOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMATION

Dr. Raul P. de Guzman of the U_P_College of Public -Administration hasnow begun to serve his term as FullChancellor of the University of thePhilippines at Los Banos, (UPLB)effective April 24, 1986 to April 30,1991. He had been serving as UPLB'sActing Chancellor since November 4last year.

Dr. de Guzman has been activelyinvolved with the PSSC having beenan Executive Board Member (1971-72and 1974-76); Chairman of the Member­ship Committee (1971, 1981-82); andmember of the Finance and BusinessAffairs Committee (1984-86). He ispresently the head of the U.P. Manage­ment Education Council and the Sec­retary-General of the Eastern RegionalOrganization for Public Administration(EROPA). '

* * * ITraining Specialists Sonia T. Aquino

and Paz H. Diaz of the U.P. Institute ofI

Small-Scale Industries (lSSI) served asresource persons in the Small BusinessTrainer's Workshop of the MalaysianInstitute of Management (MIIVi). Theworkshop was held in Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia from April 30 to May 11.

* * * iDr. Irene R. Cortes was recently

appointed as Executive Vice-Presidentof the University of the Philippines,effective May 1, 1986. She will serveconcurrently as Vice-President for Aca­demic Affairs.

Dr. Cortes, a law professor and form­er dean of the U.P. College of Law,succeeded Dr. Oscar M. Alfonso.

* * * !.Dean Sylvia H. Guerrero of the U.P.

Institute of Social Work and Comrnu­nity Development presented papers attwo international gatherings in Sidney,Australia: the Symposium on In~ustria­lization and Development in SoutheastAsia and the Conference of, AsianStudies Association of Australia. DeanGuerrero was in Sidney from May 10 to17.

* * *

Prof. Luis V. Teodoro of the U.P.Institute of Mass Communication at­tended the 2nd Journalist ExhangeProgram of Dienste in Ubersee inHamburg, Federal Republic of Ger­many. The program ran from May 15to June 12.

* * *Prof. Dante B. Canlas of the U.P.

School of Economics attended a meet­ing on "Trade Protectionism and Indus­trial Adjustments" held in Singaporefrom May 19 to 21.

* * *

Director Lorna Z. Segovia, of thePhilippine Normal College (PNC) Re­search Center headed a delegation offive researchers who went on an ob­servation and study tour of researchand educational institutions in fivecities of the People's Hepubl ic ofChina from May 31 to June 15, 1986under the Cultural Exchange Programof Agreement between the Philippinesand the People's Republic of China.

Other members of the delegationwere Prof. Esther C. Viloria of the UPInstitute of Social Work and Com­munity Development, Profs. VictoriaV. Uvas and Lolita H. Nava of thePNC Research Center and Prof. Rosa­linda Basas of the Poveda LearningCenter.

* * *

Dr. Luzviminda B. Valencia of theU.P. Department of Sociology was inKuala Lumpur from June 16 to 19to attend the 29th SEAMEO-TROP­MED Seminar on Socio-Economic Re­searches in Tropical Discourses inSoutheast Asia.

Afterwards, Dr. Valencia will pro­ceed to Bahia, Brazil from August 3to 7 to participate in a meeting on the"Use of Social Science Researches inImproving Education for Tropical Dis­course Control."

newsbl'iefs(Continued from page24)

The survey revealed that the annualaverage income of Filipino families in1985 was "30,748,00 almost ten timesmore than the average annual income off'3,736 in 1971. But in real terms, thisave~age income is only worth tt3,471compared to that of 1971.

In urban areas, the average annualincome of ~46,209 was twice the ruralannual average income of P21,409.The average annual expenditures in therural areas was likewise less, ~19,323as compared to F,38,949 of the urbanareas.

Average family income and expen­ditures are highest in the NationalCapital Region (Metro Manila). "58,179and ~8,475 respectively. Both familyincome and expenditures are lowest inthe Eastern Visayas (Region VIII),with only 1117,795 for each category.

MID-DECADE ASSESSMENT

(Continued from page 14)

II. Financial Requi rements

To a large extent, the success ofPSSC in pursuing a holistic approachto social science programs will dependon adequate funding. The majority ofthe on-going programs are now fundedby local and international agencies.However, none of these programsare viable enough at this time to beself-sustaining. The Council and theSecretariat operational requirements areinsufficiently funded from investmentearnings (foundation grants), rentalearnings at the PSSC building, andother minimal incomes. It is thereforeimportant for the Council to have itsfoundation grants increased if theprograms and projects have to be con­tinued effectively as planned.

I~. I~I

J

•

information

~ SOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMATION

SUPPLEMENTsection

•

RESEARCH PROJECTS

Reported research projects, contemplated,ongoing, and completed for the periodApril-June 1986.

Entry format: Title of project/proposal.Project director/researcher. Home insti­tution. Status of project. Funding agency.

Status of project:

Contemplated - formal proposal drawnOngoing - preparatory activities after

proposal is drawn to the stage beforethe completion of the final write-up

Completed - final write-up accomplished

An Assessment of the Quality/ProductivityImprovement Circles Program in thePhilippines. Maria Carmen Galang, Com­pleted. PSSC.

Community Impacts of Silica Mining: ACase Study. Elsa G. Paleo, Completed.PSSC.

Hypnotherapy in the Treatment of ChronicHeadaches. Maria Lourdes M. L1aneza­Ramos. Completed. PSSC and FAPE.

Philippine Women's Search for Liberation1898-1946. Wilhelmina Orozco. Com­pleted. PSSC.

RECENTLY REPORTED PUBLICATIONS

Recently reported publications for theperiod April-June 1986.

Entry format: Title. Author/editor. Homeinstitution. Vol (No.) Date. Pages. Cost.Where available (PSSC Library unlessspecified otherwise).

BOOKSnwONOGRAPHS

Approaches to Peace: Philippine Perspectives.Professors World Peace Academy of thePhilippines, c1983. 75 pp.

Bibliography - Summer Institute of Lin-

guistics Philippines 1953-1984. Compiledby Marjorie Cook, Heather Kilgour andJeanne Miller. Manila: Summer Institute ofLinguistics, 1984.212 pp.

The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand andImelda Marcos I. Primitivo Mijares. SanFrancisco: Union Square Pubiications,

499 pp.

A Diplomatic History of the PhilippineRepublic. Milton Walter Meyer. Univer­sity of Hawaii Press, 1965.321 pp.

The Distributive Implications of Export-LedIndustrialization in a Developing Econo­my. Joseph Lim. UPSE Discussion Paper8514. November 1985.

Dynamic Effects of Exchange Rate Changesin the Philippines in 1970-1980. SusanS. Navarro. UPSE Discussion Paper No.8603. February 1986.

Dynamics of Nation-Building. Vol. II Com­munication in Crisis Situations. Socialand Human Sciences in Asia and thePacific. RUSHAP Series on OccasionalMonographs and Papers 13. Bangkok:UNESCO Regional Office for Educationin Asia and the Pacific, 1985.327 pp.

Economic Policies for Forest ResourcesManagement. Summary ot" the Papersand Proceedings of the Seminar-Work"shop on Economic Policies for ForestResources Management. February 17-18,1984, Edited by Wilfrido Cruz. Makati:Philippine Institute for Development Stu­dies, 1985.40 pp.

Emerging Asia: The Role ofJapan. ProfessorsWorld Peace Academy of Japan. Tokyo,Japan, Riverfield, c1981, 307 pp.

Ethnicity and Fertility in the Philippines. Ma.Cecilia Gastardo-Conaco and Pilar Ramos­Jimenez. Research Notes and Discus­sion Paper No. 54. Singapore: Instituteof Southeast Asian Studies, 1986. 150 pp.

An Extension of Fairness in Nash: A Revision.Raul V. Fabella, UPSE Discussion Paper

8513_ November 1985.

Grassroots Participation in Social Work - AStrategy for Development? A countrypaper. Manila: Philippine Association ofSocial Workers, 1985. 20 pp.

Health and Nutritional Problems and the Uti­lization of Health Services; the Situationamong Preschoolers in Depressed MetroManila Communities. Pilar Ramos-Jimenez,Ma. Elena Chiong-Javier and Judy Carol­Sevilla. Manila: Research Center, De LaSalle Univer'Sity, January 1986.252 pp.

Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods.Edited by Ma. Lourdes S. Bautista andStella P. Go. Manila: Research Center,De La Salle University, 1985. 184 pp.

Japan at the Turning Point: Prospects for theComing Decade, Professors World PeaceAcademy of Japan. T.okyo, Japan: River­field, c1981. 123 pp.

Lectures on the Dynamics of Urban and Com'munity Development by Haus B.C. Spiegel.Occasional Paper No.8. Manila: De. LaSalle University, 1985. 51. pp.

Measurement and Analysis of Socio-EconomicDevelopment: An Inquiry into Inter­national Indicators of Development andQuantitative Interrelations of Social andEconomic Components of Development.Donald McGranahan, et. al. Geneva:United Nations Research Institute forSocial Development, 1985.504 pp.

A Method for Determining the Location ofPublic Enterprises. C.v. Miranda, Jr.UPSE Discussion Paper 8602. January1986.

Migration from the Philippines. Written con­tributions compiled by Fr. AnthonyPaganoni Scalabrinlan. Quezon City: Sea­labrinians, c1984. 244 pp.

Modelling the Impact of Small Fann Mecha­nization. PIOS Monograph Series No.5.Philippine Institute for Development Stu­dies and International Rice' ResearchInstitute. Septem~er 1985. 104 pp.

The Infonnation Section is compiled by Godelia E.S. Ricalde of the PSSC Library.Organizations with social science publications may exchange their materials with the PSSC Social Science Infor­

mation.Please address proposals for exchange to: The Librarian, Philippine Social Science Council, Inc., PSSCenter,

Don Mariano Marcos Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City.

2/PSSC SOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMA TlON SUPPLEMENT

The Ninoy Aquino Phenomenon: "Its Signi­ficance to the National Seair:h for" Peacewith Justice. Professors World PeaceAcademy of the Philippines, c1984.66 pp.

Notes on the Bases for Government Interven­tion through Public Enterprises. Benja­min E. Diokno. UPSE Discussion Paper8601. January 1986.

NRCP Directory 1985. Prepared and editedby Scientific Documentation and Inform­ation Division, National Research Councilof the Philippines. 411 pp.

A Policy Review: Severe Malnutrition ofFilipino Pre-School Children. GabrielU. Iglesias, et al. Vol. I: Policy Frameworkand Recommendations; Vol. II: Reportson the Policy Workshops on SevereMalnutrition of Filipino Pre-School Child­ren and Vol. III: Background and OtherSelected Reading Materials on Malnutri­tion and Development. Published by thePolicy Studies Program, College of PublicAdministration, University of the Philip­pines, and the United Nations Children'sFund (UNICEF), c1985.

Principles of Demography. Donald J. Bogue.New York: John Wiley and Sons, c1969.917 pp.

A Profile of Filipino Women. Isabel Rojas­Aleta, Teresita L. Silva and Cristine P.Eleazar. Manila: Philippine Business forSocial Progress, 1977.

Protection, Concentration, and the Directionof Foreign Investments. Emmanuel S. deDios. UPSE Discussion Paper 8512.November 1985.

The Quartet of the Tiger Moon: Scenes fromthe People-Power Apocalypse. Quijano derJlanila. Book Stop. c1986. 112 pp.

A Peview and Appraisal of the Government,'iesponse to the 1983-84 Balance-of­Payments Crisis. Mario B. Lamberte, et,

al. PIDS Monograph Series No.8. Makati:Philippine Institute for Development Stu­dies, c1985. 434 pp.

The Rural Poor in Leyte: A Social and Insti­tutional Profile. by Pilar R. Jimenez andJosefa S. Francisco, Manila: ResearchCenter, De La Salle University, 1984. 88pp.

Serbisyong Pang-Industriya Para sa Makinaryang Maliliit na Sakahan: Ang Programa ngMAF-IRRI. Benito C. Gonzalo and RobertE. Stickney. Makati: Philippine Institutefor Development Studies. 12 pp.

Small Farm Credit: Philippines Orlando J.Sacav, Meliza H. Agabin and Chita Tan­choco-Subido, 1983.

Some Considerations in the PerformanceEvaluation of State-Operated Enterprises.Benjamin E. Diokno, UPSE DiscussionPaper 8515. November 1985.

The Untold Story of Imelda Marcos Carmen .Navarro-Pedrosa. c1969. 231 pp.

JOURNALS

Academia Economic Papers. Vol. 13 No. 2Sept. 1985. 406 pp .. Published by theInstitute of Economics, Academia Sinica.

American Journal of Sociology. William L.Parish, editor. Vol. 91 No: 4 January1986. 759-1038 pp. Published bi-monthlyby the University of Chicago at the Uni·versity of Chicago Press.

. Assignment Children. A multidisciplinaryjournal concerned with major social devel­opment issues, with particular referenceto children, women and youth. P.E.Mandl, editor, No. 69/72 1985. 476 pp.Published by the United Nations Child­ren's Fund.

Development. Journal of the Society for Inter­national Development. Ponna Wigriaraja,editor-in-chief. No.3 1985.88 pp.

Economic Impact. Ramsey, Stewart W.,editor-in-chief. No. 2 1986. 88 pp. Pub­lished by the United States InformationAgency.

English Teaching Forum. Anne CovellNewton, editor, Vol. 24 No.3 July 1986.

Ethnology. An international journal of cultu­ral and social anthropology. LeonardPlotnicov and Arthur Tuden, editors.Vol. 25 No. 1 January 1986. 88 pp.Published quarterly by the University ofPittsburgh., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Grassroots Development. Journal of the Inter­American Foundation. Sheldon Annis,editor. Vol. 9 No.2 1985. 52 pp.

Future. Thomas P. Matthai, editor. No. 14Spring 1985; No. 15-16 Summer-Autumn1985. Published by the United NationsChildren's Fund.

Indian Psychological Abstracts. Udai Pareek,editor. Vol. 23 No.2 June 1985. 260 pp.Published quarterly by the Indian Councilof Social Science Research.

International Family Planning Perspectives.Richard Lincoln, editor. Vol. II No. 4December 1985. Published quarterly bythe Alan Guttmacher Institute.

International Journal on World Peace. PanosD. Bard is, editor-in-chief. Vol 2 No. 4October-December 1985. 136 pp. Pub­lished quarterly by the Professors WorldPeace Academy.

International Social Science Journal. Ali Ka­zancigil, editor. Vol. 38 No. 1 1986.155 pp. Published quarterly by BasilBlackwell Ltd.

Kasarinlan. Philippine Journal of ThirdWorld Studies. Randolf S. David, editor.Vol. I No.1 3rd Quarter 1985. A quarter­ly publication of the Third World StudiesCenter. University of the Philippines.

Korea Journal. Paik Sveunq-Gil, editor, Vol.26 Nos. 1, 2 and 3 January·March 1986.Published monthly by the Korean Nation­al Commission for Unesco.

Korean Social Science Journal. Ahn Byung·young, editor, Vol. 12 1985. 191 pp.Published annually by the Korean SocialScience Research Council and the KoreanNational Commission for Unesco.

PS. Catherine E. Rudder, editor. Vol. 19 No.1 Winter 1986. 216 pp. Published quart­erly by the American Political ScienceAssociation.

The Philippine Economic Journal. MaharMangahas, editor. Vol. 22 Nos. 3-4 1983.618 pp. Published by the PhilippineEconomic Society.

Philippine Journal of Linguistics. AndrewB. Gonzalez. F.S.C., editor. Vol. 16 No.2and Vol. 17 No. 1 December 1985 andJune 1986. Published by the LinguisticsSociety of the Philippines.

Philippine Journal of Nutrition. Ofelia C. Val­decahas.: editor-in-chief. Vol. 37 Nos.1-4 January-March 9184; Vol. 37 Nos. 1-2January-March 1985 and April-June 1985.Published quarterly' by the PhilippineAssociation of Nutrition and the NutritionDieticians Association of the Philippines.

.Philippine Planning Journal. Victoria Aureus­Eugenio, managing and ar~ editor. Vol. 12No.1 October 198058 pp. Published bythe Institute of Environmental Planning,University of the Philippines.

Philippine Population Journal. Corazon M.Raymundo and Ephraim E. Despabila­daras, editors. Vol. 1 No. 1 March 1985.124 pp; Vol. 1 No.2 June 1985 111 pp.Published quarterly by the Commissionon Population and the DemographicResearch and Development Foundation,Inc.

Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society.Joseph Baumgartner, editor and businessmanager. Published quarterly by theUniversity of San Carlos. Vol. 13 No.4,December 1985. 327·pp.

Philippine Studies. Joseph A. Galdon, S.J.,editor-in-chief, Vol. 34 Second Quarter

1986. 253 pp. Published quarterly by theAteneo de Manila University Press, LoyolaHeights, Quezon City.

Papulation and Development Review. Ethel

P. Churchill, Managing Editor. Vol. "No. 4 December 1985. 585-810 pp.Published quarterly by the PopulationCouncil.

Presidential Studies Quarterly. R. GerdonHoxie, editor. Vol. 16 No.1 Winter 1986.187 pp. Published by the Center for theStudy of the Presidency, 208 East 75thStreet, New York, N.V. 10021.

The Quarterly Journal of Social Affairs.David Statt, editor. Vol. 2 Issue 1 198680 pp. Journal of the Social Affairs Corn­mittee of the Economic and Social Re­search Council. Published by LawrenceErlbaum Associates Ltd. (London andHillsdale, New Jersey).

Researr:h Extension Journal. Joy G. Perez,editor. Vol. 3 Nos. 1·2 March·June 1983.50 pp. Published by the Silliman Univer­sity, Dumaguete City.

Saint Louis University Researr:h Journal.Felino L. Lorente, editor. Vol. 16 No.2December 1985. 411 pp. Published bythe Graduate School of Arts and Sciences,Saint Louis University, Baguio City.

Silliman Journal. Dale Law, editor. Vol. 31Nos. 1·4 First-Fourth Quarters 1984.78 pp. Published quarterly under theauspices of Silliman University, Duma­guete City, Philippines.

RECENT ACQUISITIONS

The following materials are availablefor room use at the PSSC Library.

ADOPT. Asian-Pacific and Worldwide Docu­

ments on Population Topics. Current

Awareness Service for Asia-Pacific Popu­lation Information Network. Vol. 8 Nos. 2and 3 February-March 1986. Publishedby the Regional Population InformationCentre, Population Division, ESCAP.

Abut-tanaw. Vol. 13 Nos. 8, 9 and 10 Janu­ary-March 1986. I nstitutional publlca­tion of De La Salle University, Manila.

The Academician. Vol. 3 Nos. 1/2 and 3/4Spring/Summer 1985 and Autumn/Winter1985. Published bi-yearly by the Profes­sors World Peace Academy of Japan.

Asian Mass Communication Bulletin. Vol. 16No.1 1986. Published by the Asian MassCommunication Research and InformationCentre.

Asia Woman. Vol. 10 No. 33 December 1985.Official Publication of the Asian Women's

Institute.Asiaweek. Vol. 12 Nos. 10-22 March-June

1986. Published by Asiaweek Ltd.

Beijing Review Vol. 28 Nos. 51, 52 Decem­ber 1985; Vol. 29 Nos. 1-4 January 1986;Nos. 12-15 March-April 1986. Published

by Beijing Review.

Bulletin of the Industrial Development De­cade for Africa. Vol. 1 No. 6 1985.Published by United Nations IndustrialDevelopment Organization.

Bulletin of the Nutrition Foundation of thePhilippines. Vol. 25 No. 4 July-August1985. Published bimonthly by the Nutri­tion Foundation of the Philippines.

CB Review. Vol. 27 Nos. 11 and 12 Novem­ber-December 1985. A monthly publica­tion of the Central Bank of the Philip­pines.

CEAP Bulletin. Vol. 6 Nos. 3 and 4 March­April 1986. Monthly publication of theCatholic Educational Association of thePhilippines.

Citizens' Monitor. Vol. 3 No.4 April 1986.Issued by the Catholic Educational Asso­ciation of the Philippines (CEAP).

Cooperation South. NO.1 1986. Published bythe United Nations Development Pro­gramme, Division of Information.

Compass. Double Issue No. 24/25 October1985. Newsletter of the Society for Inter­national Development.

Countryside Banking. Vol. 9 No. 11 Novem­ber 1983. A monthly publication of theCentral Bank of the Philippines.

Development and Cooperation (D & C)No. 1 January/February 1986. Publishedby German Foundation for InternationalDevelopment.

Development Forum. Vol. 14 Nos. 2-4March-May 1986. Published by the UNDivision for Economic and Social Infor­mation/DPI and the United NationsUniversity.

Development Researr:h News. Vol. 3 Nos. 5,6 September-october, November·Decem·ber 1985. A bi-monthly publication ofthe Philippine Institute for DevelopmentStudies.

The Drug Monitor. Nos. 2-4 March-May 1986.Produced by the Health Action I nforma­tion Network (HAIN).

ESRC Newsletter. No. 56 January 1986.Published by the Economic and SocialResearch Council.

Echoes of Peace. No. 13 February 1986.Quarterly bulletin of the Niwano PeaceFoundation.

Economic Review. Vol. 11 Nos. 6 and 7, 9and 10 September/October; December1985; Jan. 1986. Published by the Peo­ple's Bank, Research Department.

FAPE Bulletin. Vol. 12 Nos. 3 and 4 May­August 1985. A publication of the Fundfor Assistance to Private Education.

APRIL-JUNE 1986/3

Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Eco­nomic Review. No. 4 Fall 1985; No. 1Winter 1986. Published quarterly by theBank's Research and Public InformationDepartment.

Frontline. Vol. 1 Nos. 4 and 5 Novemberand December 1985, Official publicationof Foreign Assisted Projects in Education.

HRAF Newsletter. Vol. 10 Nos. 3-4 February1986. Published by Human Relations;Area Files, Inc.

Health Alert. Nos. 21-26 March-May 1986.Produced by the Health Action Informa­tion Network (HAIN).

IDDA Bulletin. Vol. 2 No. 1 1986. Prepareaby the Public Information Section of theUnited Nations I ndustrial DevelopmentOrganization.

The IORC Reports. Vol. 15 No. 1 Januarv1986. Published by the InternationalDevelopment Research Centre.

IFDA Dossier. Nos. 52 and 53 March/April1986; May/June 1986. Published by theI nternational Foundation for Develop­ment Alternatives.

INSTRAW News. Vol. 3 No. 3 December1985. Published by the United NationsInternational Research and Training Insti­tute for the Advancement of Women(I NSTRAW).

The IRRI Reporter. NO.4 December 1985.Published by the International Rice Re·search Institute.

Ibon Facts and Figures. Nos. 175 and 182.November 1985 and March 1986. Pub­lished twice a month by Ibon DatabankPhilippines, Inc.

Impact. Asian magazine for human trans­formation. Vol. 21 Nos. 3, 4 and 5 March,April-May 1986.

Industry'Trends. September-December 1985.Published by the National Economic andDevelopment Authority. Statistical Coor­dination Office.

, International Atomic Energy Agency Bulle­tin. Vol. 27 NO.4 Winter 1985. Publishedquarterly' by the International AtomicEnergy Agency.

Japan Monitor. February-April 1986. Pub­Iished by the Japan Center for Interna­tional Exchange.

KWDI Newsletter. NO.9 Winter 1985. Pub­lished by the Korean Women's Develop­ment Institute.

Kulintangan. Vol. 4 Nos. 3 and 4 May-Juneand July·August 1985. Published by theRural Miemo Press and the Claret He­search Center, Claret College of Isabela,Basilan Province.

The Letter. Volume 16 NO.6 December 1,1985;' Vol. 17 No. 1 February 1986.Published by the Ford Foundation.

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Mangingisdang Pilipino. Unang Bilang Abril1986. Nilalathala ng Community Exten­sion and Research for Development(CERD), Inc. anim na beses sa isangtaon.

NFl Bulletin. Bulletin of the NutritionFoundation of India. Vol. 7 NO.2 April1986.

IVGO Interaction. An information serviceof the Alternative News Index, Inco Nos.5 and 6 April and May 1986.

National Science and Technology Authority1984 Annual Report.

Newsweek. Vol. 107 Nos. 11·21 March·May1986. Published by Newsweek, Inc.

The OECD Observer. No. 138 January 1986.Published bi-monthly by the Organizationfor Economic Co-operation and Devel­opment.

Oil Progress. No. 1 1986. Published by theDepartment of Public Relations. CaltexPetroleum Corporation.

The PCARRD Monitor. Vol. 13 Nos. 10, 11and 12 October, November and Decem­ber 1985; Vol. 14 Nos. 1 and 2 Januaryand Feb. 1986. Monthly publication ofthe Philippine Council for Agricultureand Resources Research and Develop­ment.

PCF Media Service. Population news for massmedia. Vol. 7 No. 14 1985; Vol. 8 Nos.1·3 1986. A project of the PopulationCenter Foundation.

The PHA Balita. Vol. 16 Annlversary/Cornme­morative Issue. January-December 1985.Issued quarterly by the Philippine His­torical Association.

Philippine Currents. Vol. 1 Nos. 1-5 January­May 1986. Published monthly by theNew Horizons Research and Publications,Inc.

Philippine Financial Statistics. A semestralpublication of the Central Bank of thePhilippines. Vol. 16 No. 1 January-June1985.

Philippine Studies Newsletter. Vol. 14 NO.1February 1986. Published for the Philip­pine Studies Group by the PhilippineStudies Program, Center for Asian andPacific Studies with the assistance of theSocial Science Research Institute, Univer­sity of Hawaii.

Popline. Vol. 8 Nos. 1 and 2 January-Feb­ruary 1986. Published monthly by thePopulation Institute.

Population. Briefing papers on issues ofnational and international importancein the population field. No. 16 Decem-'ber 1985.

Population Headliners. Nos. 132-134 March­May 1986. Published by the Economicand Social Commission for Asia and thePacific (ESCAP).

-Population Reports. Series M No. 9 Novem­ber-December 1985. Published by thePopulation I nformation Program, TheJohn Hopkins University.

Population Research Leads. No. 21. The Useof Contraception in the Asian and PacificRegion: Published by the United NationsEconomic and Social Commission for Asiaand the Pacific (ESCAPI.

Research Report. Vol. II-A, II-B and V-A.September 1981, July 1982 and Septem­ber 1985. Published by the PhilippineNormal College, Graduate School.

SSID Liaison Bulletin. No.3 1985_ A jointpublication of FlO Social Science Docu­mentation Committee, International Com­mittee for Social Science Information andDocumentation (lCSSD) and InternationalFederation of Library Associations andInstitutions, Section of Social ScienceLibraries (I LFA/SSLI.

Special Edition. No. 1 January 1986. Pub­lished by the Communication Branch,Office of the Commissioner of OfficialLanguages. .

Summer Institute of Linguistics Report of1985_

TIES Newsletter. Technological InformationExchange System. Compiled by theTechnology Groups of UN IDO.

Tredescope. Vol. 6 NO.1 January 1986. Pub­lished by the Japan External Trade Orga­nization.

UN/DO NeWftetter. No. 212 December 1985;Nos. 213-215 January-March 1986. Pub­lished by United Nations IndustrialDevelopment Organ ization.

The Urban Edge. Vol. 19(1) Jan. 1986Vol. 10 Nos. 2, 4 and 5 February-May1986. Published by the World Bank.

Vietnam. Vol. Hl6, Jan. 1986; Vol. 2 Febru­ary 1986; Vol. 3-4 April 1986. Publishedby the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

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The PSSC Eiecutive Board paid a courtesy call on Pres. Cory Aquino last May 16, 1986 as a gesture ofrecognition and support to the new administration. During the 40-minute discussion the Board in­formed Pres. f.quino on the nature of the PSSC as an organization,its thrusts and obje~tives, as well asits on-going ectivities in the fields of advocacy, research,Jnstitutional development, and informationdisseminetion;

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tJe/eo~~~w~~r-:valueVcr;(-koleOn

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CSS NEW AC<lUISITIONS!

* Faces of Philippine Poverty: FourCases from 'the VisayasEdited by Ricardo G. Abad, Rowe V.Cadelifia and Violeta Lopez-Gonzaga

* The Man WQo Would Be President:Sergio Osmene and Philippine Politicsby Resil B. Mojares'

i* Philippine MassMedia:

A Book of Readings ,, Edited by Clodualdo del Mundo, Jr.

if Philippine Pbverty:I

An Annoteted Bibliography (1970-1973)Compiled by Ricardo G. Abad andElizabeth u.i Eviota

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,* People Power

By Patricio R. Mamot!

* The Quartet ef the Tiger Moonby Quijano ~e Manila

* IThe Untold ~toryof Imelda Marcosby Carmen Navarro-Pedrosa

:II

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