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QUIT. 25. C H A P T E R. The Conservative Tide. CHAPTER OBJECTIVE. INTERACT WITH HISTORY. TIME LINE. A Conservative Movement Emerges. 1. SECTION. Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush. 2. SECTION. GRAPH. Social Concerns of the 1980s. 3. SECTION. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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25 The Conservative Tide
QUIT
CHAPTER OBJECTIVECHAPTER OBJECTIVE
INTERACT WITH HISTORYINTERACT WITH HISTORY
TIME LINETIME LINE
VISUAL SUMMARYVISUAL SUMMARY
SECTION A Conservative Movement Emerges1
SECTION Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush2
SECTION Social Concerns of the 1980s3
SECTION Foreign Policy After the Cold War4MAP
GRAPH
25 The Conservative Tide
HOME
CHAPTER OBJECTIVE
To understand the political and social events of the 1980s and early 1990s
25W I T H H I S T O R Y
I N T E R A C T
What campaign slogan will you create?
Examine the Issues
It is the autumn of 1980. You are a campaign manager for Republican presidential candidate, Ronald Reagan, former film star and past governor of California. Reagan must defeat President Jimmy Carter, who has lost support. Carter has failed to bring home the hostages in Iran and to revive the economy. Reagan, an optimist, pledges to do both. He also plans to cut taxes and cut back on government programs.
• What issues are important?
• What qualities in your candidate will win support?
HOME
• How can you present Reagan as a winner?
The Conservative Tide
25
The United States The World
1981 Sandra Day O’Connor becomes the first woman appointed to the Supreme Court.
1984 President Reagan is reelected. 1984 South African Bishop Desmond Tutu receives the Nobel Peace Prize.
1980 Ronald Reagan is elected president. 1980 Zimbabwe claims independence.
TIME LINE
HOME
1985 The Soviet Union suffers a disastrous accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
1986 Iran arms deal is revealed.
continued . . .
The Conservative Tide
1982 Great Britain and Argentina go to war over the Falkland Islands.
1982 Equal Rights Amendment fails to win ratification.
25
The United States The World
1988 George Bush is elected president. Reverend Jesse Jackson runs for the Democratic presidential nomination.
1989 The Chinese government kills student protesters in Tiananmen Square. Germans dismantle the Berlin Wall.
TIME LINE
HOME
1991 Persian Gulf War breaks out. 1991 Soviet Union breaks apart.
1987 President Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev sign the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty.
The Conservative Tide
1A Conservative Movement Emerges
The new conservatism begins with the defeat of Barry Goldwater in 1964 and triumphs with the election of Ronald Reagan in 1980.
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
KEY IDEA
HOME
1A Conservative Movement Emerges
OVERVIEW
Conservatism reached a high point with the election in 1980 of President Ronald Reagan and Vice-President George Bush.
In the early 21st century, conservative views strongly influenced both major political parties.
MAIN IDEAMAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOWWHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMESTERMS & NAMES
HOME
• entitlement program
• affirmative action
• Ronald Reagan
• reverse discrimination
• conservative coalition
• New Right
• Moral Majority
ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
1A Conservative Movement Emerges
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List eight conservative issues.
continued . . .
Conservative Issues
HOME
ASSESSMENT
Reduce entitlement programs
End affirmative action
End busing
Reduce the size of the federal government
Prayer in schoolStop the
regulation ofguns
Defeat the ERA Eliminate legal abortions
1A Conservative Movement Emerges
2. How did the leaders of the conservative movement of the 1980s want to change government? Think About:
ANSWERANSWER
Conservatives wanted to reduce the size of federal government; lower taxes; end gun control, affirmative action, and busing; increase defense spending; and promote traditional family values.
• the difference between the conservative view of government and the liberal view
• the groups that made up the conservative coalition
• conservatives’ attitudes toward existing government programs
HOME
ASSESSMENT
continued . . .
1A Conservative Movement Emerges
3. What role did the Moral Majority play in the conservative movement of the 1970s and early 1980s?
ANSWERANSWER
The Moral Majority represented a religious revival that stressed a literal interpretation of the Bible and argued for restoration of traditional values.
HOME
ASSESSMENT
continued . . .
1A Conservative Movement Emerges
4. What personal qualities in Ronald Reagan helped him to win election as president in 1980?
ANSWERANSWER
Reagan, known as the Great Communicator, had the ability to simplify issues and offer clear-cut answers.
HOME
ASSESSMENT
End of Section 1
2Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush
President Reagan puts in place conservative policies that affect the nation’s budget and the federal government.
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
KEY IDEA
HOMEGRAPH
2HOME
OVERVIEW
Presidents Reagan and Bush pursued a conservative agenda that included tax cuts, budget cuts, and increased defense spending.
The conservative views of Reagan and Bush created policies and priorities that affect government spending and budgeting today.
MAIN IDEAMAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOWWHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMESTERMS & NAMES
ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
• supply-side economics
• Sandra Day O’Connor
• Geraldine Ferraro
• Environmental Protection Agency
• Strategic Defense Initiative
• deregulation
• Reaganomics
• George Bush
Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush
GRAPH
2
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Define “Reaganomics,” and then list its short-term and long-term effects.
continued . . .
Policy advocating tax cuts to bolster private investments, leading to increased national supply of goods and services.
HOME
ASSESSMENT
DEFINITION OF REGANOMICS
Falling interest rates, decreased inflation, economic growthShort-Term Effects
Increased national debt, budget deficit, trade imbalances, higher taxes
Long-Term Effects
GRAPH
Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush
2
2. Why did President Reagan and President Bush think it was important to appoint conservative justices to the Supreme Court?
ANSWERANSWER
The Supreme Court decides which laws are constitutional. Both Reagan and Bush had conservative agendas and wanted the Supreme Court to support those agendas.
HOME
ASSESSMENT
continued . . .
Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush
GRAPH
2
3. In your opinion was Reagan’s first term a success? Think About:
ANSWERANSWER
Reagan’s first term was a mix of success and failure—stopped the growth of inflation but the federal deficit rose.
• how his tax cuts impacted the rich and the poor
• the economy• the federal budget
HOME
ASSESSMENT
continued . . .
Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush
GRAPH
2
4. Read the following excerpt from Ronald Reagan’s speech at the 1992 Republican Convention.
“ We mustn’t forget . . . the very different America that existed just 12 years ago; an America with 21 percent interest rates and . . . double-digit inflation; an America where mortgage payments doubled, paychecks plunged, and motorists sat in gas lines; an America whose leaders told us . . . that what we really needed was another good dose of government control and higher taxes.”
What picture did Reagan paint of the Carter administration?
ANSWERANSWER
That high interest rates, high inflation, gas lines, and too much government marked Carter’s administration.
HOME
ASSESSMENT
End of Section 2
Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush
GRAPH
3Social Concerns of the 1980s
Social issues of many kinds continue to concern the nation during the conservative backlash.
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
KEY IDEA
HOME
3Social Concerns of the 1980s
HOME
TERMS & NAMESTERMS & NAMES
• L. Douglas Wilder
• Lauro Cavazos
• AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
• Antonia Coello Novello
• pay equity
• Jesse Jackson
ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
OVERVIEW
Beneath the surge of prosperity that marked the conservative era of the 1980s lay serious social problems.
Issues involving health care, education, civil rights, and equal rights for women continue to challenge American society.
MAIN IDEAMAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOWWHY IT MATTERS NOW
3Social Concerns of the 1980s
1. List several of the social problems of the Reagan and Bush years and how the government responded to them.
continued . . .
Social Problems
HOME
ASSESSMENT
Government Response
Drug use
Supreme Court restrictions
“Just say No!” campaign
America 2000 education initiative
Abortion
Education
Women’s rights Day care budget cuts; pay equity in some states
Equal rights for minorities
Supreme Court reversal of affirmative-action decision
3Social Concerns of the 1980s
2. How might improvements in the educational system help solve other social problems? Think About:
ANSWERANSWER
Education might help discourage unsafe sex and drug use. Education would lead to future job opportunities and lower unemployment rates.
continued . . .
• the impact education might have on health-related problems• the impact that education might have on urban problems
HOME
ASSESSMENT
• the impact that education might have on unemployment
3Social Concerns of the 1980s
3. Compare the political gains and losses experienced by various groups during the Reagan and Bush administrations.
ANSWERANSWER
More jobs and political opportunities for women and minorities; Native Americans gained support for gambling casinos on their native lands; Asian Americans were the second fastest-growing minority population; several states outlawed anti-gay discrimination.
HOME
ASSESSMENT
continued . . .
3Social Concerns of the 1980s
4. Why might a widening gap between the richest and poorest citizens of a country be a cause for concern about that country’s future?
ANSWERANSWER
A widening economic gap could lead to a permanently divided society.
HOME
ASSESSMENT
End of Section 3
4Foreign Policy After the Cold War
Major changes throughout the world have a great impact on the direction of U.S. foreign policy.
KEY IDEA
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
HOMEMAP
4Foreign Policy After the Cold War
HOME
TERMS & NAMESTERMS & NAMES
• INF Treaty
• Tiananmen Square
• Sandinistas
• Operation Desert Storm
• Mikhail Gorbachev
• glasnost
• Contras
• perestroika
ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
OVERVIEW
The end of the Cold War, marked by the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, led to a redirection of many U.S. goals and policies.
After the Cold War, the United States provided and continues to provide substantial economic support to the new capitalistic and democratic nations.
MAIN IDEAMAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOWWHY IT MATTERS NOW
MAP
4Foreign Policy After the Cold War
1. Explain U.S. foreign policy in Europe, in Central America and the Caribbean, and in the Middle East.
continued . . .
U.S. Foreign Policy
Central America and Caribbean
INF Treaty; START II Pact; Cold War ends
Cut aid to Sandinistas; send aid to Contras; invasion of Grenada
Europe
HOME
ASSESSMENT
Middle East Iran-Contra affair; Operation Desert Storm
MAP
4Foreign Policy After the Cold War
2. What factors caused the end of the Cold War? Think About:
ANSWERANSWER
Collapse of Soviet economy, Gorbachev’s reforms in the Soviet Union, unification of East and West Germany
• events in the Soviet Union• events in Germany and Eastern Europe• how U.S. leaders responded to those events
HOME
ASSESSMENT
continued . . .
MAP
4Foreign Policy After the Cold War
3. What factors do you think determined whether or not the United States intervened militarily in other nations?
continued . . .
ANSWERANSWER
The United States intervened when essential United States interests and assets—American lives, democracy, oil—were at stake.
HOME
ASSESSMENT
MAP
4Foreign Policy After the Cold War
4. Is it possible for an authoritarian government to make economic reforms without also making political reforms?
ANSWERANSWER
POSSIBLE RESPONSES:
Yes: China, for example
No: Soviet Union, for example
HOME
ASSESSMENT
End of Section 4
MAP