C-kv-e-mw- k-Xy-amÀ-Kw- - ISLAMIC NET · C-kv-e-mw- k-Xy-amÀ-Kw-amÀK\nÀtZiw tXSp¶ a\pjy‡ a\pjy‡ P•\m PnPvRmkphmWv. Xs¶bpw X\n¡p Npäpap ¯ temIsﬂbpw Ipdn¤ At\zjWw

$Page 1: C-kv-e-mw- k-Xy-amÀ-Kw- - ISLAMIC NET · C-kv-e-mw- k-Xy-amÀ-Kw-amÀK\nÀtZiw tXSp¶ a\pjy‡ a\pjy‡ P•\m PnPvRmkphmWv. Xs¶bpw X\n¡p Npäpap ¯ temIsflbpw Ipdn¤ At\zjWw$
C-kv-e-mw- k-Xy-am¿-Kw-




Fw.Fw. AIv_¿

\n®v Hm^v SqØv


Cu- tem-IØn-s\m-cp- kjv-Sm-hp-≠v ˛ Po-h≥- \¬-In-

hmbp-hpw- sh≈hpw- ku-Icy-s∏Sp-Øn- q-an-sb Po-hn-XtbmKy-

am-°n-b ]caIm-cp-Wn-I\m-b kjv-Sm-hv- ˛\mw- Chn-sS

Fßs\ Po-hn-°Wsa∂pw- Cu- Po-hn-XØn-s≥-d ]cae£yw-

Fs¥∂pw- Zq-X∑m¿- ap-tJ\ kjv-Sm-hv- \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-®p.- \Ωp-

sS Po-hn-XØn-s≥-d IW°v- acWtijw- \mw- kjv-Sm-hn-s≥d

ap-ºn¬- t_m-[n-∏n-t°≠n-hcpw.- A∂v- ]p-Wyw- sNbv-Xh\v-

\∑bpw- ]m-]w- sNbv-Xh\v- Xn-∑bpw- ]Xn-êw- In-´pw.- AXn-

\m¬- kjv-Sm-hv- Xs≥-d Zq-Xcn-eq-sS \¬-In-b \n¿-tZia\p

kcn-®v- Po-hn-°p-Ibm-Wv- a\p-jy-s≥-d c£m-am¿-Kw.-

\Ωp-sS tem-I kjv-Sm-hv- \¬-In-b \n¿-tZi kw-ln-Xbm-

Wv- Jp¿-B≥.- ap-lΩZv- \_n-bn-eq-sS Ah≥- B ktµiw-

a\p-jy¿-s°Øn-®p-sIm-Sp-Øp.- CXdn-™hcpw- Adn-bm-Ø

hcpw- \ap-°n-Sbn¬- D≠v.- tem-Isc ap-gp-h≥- kjv-Sm-hn-s≥d

ktµiadn-bn-°¬- AXdn-™hcp-sS _m-[y-Xbm-Wv.- AXn

\m-bn- cq-]o-Ir-Xam-b Hcp- ]kv-Ym-\am-Wv- \n-®v- Hm- v- SqØv.-

\m-Ym-...- kXy-aX ktµi ]Nm-cWØn-\p- th≠n-bp-

≈ hn-\o-Xam-sbm-cp- kw-cwam-Wn-Xv.- \o- G¬-]n-® DØchm-

Zn-ØØn-s≥-d \n¿-hlWØn-\p-th≠n-bp-≈ Ffn-b iaw.-

CsXm-cp- ]Xn-êm¿-lam-b ]h¿-Ø\am-bn- kzo-Icn-

t°Wta (Bao≥).-

UbdIv-S¿-

islam sathyamargham(malayalam)author:m.m. akbarfirst edition: november 1995second edition: june 1996third edition: december 2002publishers:niche of truth,kalabhavan road,kochi-18.cover page:yoonus.k.ktype setting:creative meidaprinting:screen offset, cochin-18

Rs: 100


hm-b-\-°p- ap-ºv.........-

]-c-a- Im-cp-Wn-I-s≥-d- \m-a-Øn¬......-

C-kv-em-an-s\- s]m-Xp-hm-bn- ]-cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂- ]p-kv-X-I-ßƒ-

a-e-bm-f-Øn¬- hn-c-f-a-√.-

F-∂m¬- H-cp- A-ap-kv-en-an-\v- C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- k-Xy-X-bpw-

C-kv-em-an-I- X-Xz-ß-fp-sS- bp-Iv-Xn-`Z-X-bpw-

hy-Iv-X-am-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-hm-\p-X-Ip-∂- K-\v-Y-ßƒ-

h-f-sc- Ip-d-hm-sW-∂p-X-s∂- ]-d-b-Ww.-

A-Xn-∂m-bp-≈- H-cp- i-a-am-Wv- Cu- ]p-kv-X-Iw.-

]m-I-∏n-g-hp-Iƒ- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-®p- X-cp-∂-h-tcm-Sv-

Cu- te-J-I≥- I-S-s∏-´-h-\m-bn-cn-°pw.-

Cu- ]p-kv-X-I-Øn-s≥-d- c-N-\-bn¬- k-lm-bn-°p-I-bpw-

I-sø-gp-Øp- ]-Xn- ]-cn-tim-[n-®v-

B-h-iy-am-b- \n¿-t±-i-ßƒ- \¬-Ip-I-bpw- sN-bv-X-

_-lp-am-\y- ]-Wv-Un-X≥-

sN-dn-b-ap-≠w- A-_v-Zp¬- l-ao-Zv- a-Z-\ntbmSp-≈-

I-S-∏m-Sv- A-£-c-ß-fn-sem-Xp-ßp-∂-X-√.-

A-t±-l-Øn-\-v- A-√m-lp- A-\p-K-l-ßƒ- \¬-Ip-I-bpw-

]-cn-ip-≤- a-X-sØ- tk-hn-°p-hm≥-

B-tcm-Ky-hpw- B-bp- pw- \¬-Ip-I-bpw- sN-ø-s´- (B-ao≥).-

C-sX-gp-Xp-hm-\-\p-K-ln-®- A-√m-lp-hn-\v- k¿-∆-kv-Xp-Xn-I-fpw.-

\-µn- ]-d-tb-≠-h¿- H-cp-]-m-Sm-Wv.-

t]m-Xv-km-ln-∏n-°p-I-bpw- \n¿-t±-i-ßƒ- \-¬-Ip-I-bpw- sN-bv-X-

\n-®v- Hm-^v- Sq-Øv- U-b-d-Iv-S-dm-bn-cp-∂- sI.-hn.- aq-k- kp-√-an,-

F-s∂- F-gp-Øp- ]-Tn-∏n-®- F-s≥-d- D-∏-

tate-ho-ń¬- A-_v-Zp-d-lv-am≥-

]-tc-X¿-°v- A-√m-lp- ]-c-tem-I- ku-Jyw-

]-Zm-\w- sN-ø-s´- (B-ao≥).-

\m-Ym....- C-sXm-cp- ]-Xn-^-em¿-l-am-b-

]-h¿-Ø-\-am-bn- kzo-I-cn-t°-W-ta- (B-ao≥).-

Fw.-Fw.- A-Iv-_¿-


XmfpIfn¬...

1. am¿K\n¿tZiw tXSp∂ a\pjy≥ 13

2. ssZhZq-X∑m-cp-sS ktµiw- 28

3. alm-\m-b ssZhZq-X≥- 41

4. thZKŸßfn-eq-sS 63

5. Jp¿-B≥-; \n-Xy-\q-X\ KŸw- 73

6. A√m-lp-hn-ep-≈ hn-izm-kw- 89

7. ae°pIfnep≈ hnizmkw 116

8. thZKŸßfnep≈ hnizmkw 123

9. ]hm-NI∑m-cn-ep-≈ hn-izm-kw- 135

10. ]ctem-I hn-izm-kw- 145

11. hn[nhnizmkw 166

12. kXykm£yw 183

13. \akvImcw 201

14. \n¿_‘ Zm\w 209

15. hXm\pjvTm\w 213

16. lPvPv 217

17. CkvemanI PohnXw 222

18. IpSpw_ PohnXw 239

19. apkvenw kaqlw 257

20. CkvemanI cmjvSw 279


am¿K\n¿tZiw tXSp∂ a\pjy≥

a\pjy≥ P∑\m PnPvRmkphmWv. Xs∂bpw X\n°p Np‰pap

≈ temIsØbpw Ipdn® At\zjWw Ahs≥d Ipń°mew

apX¬ Xs∂ Bcw`n°p∂p. Ifn∏m´w X√nbpS®psIm≠v AXn

\p≈nep≈sX¥msW∂dnbm\p≈ B¿Øn ]ISn∏n°p∂

sIm®pIp™v temIØns≥d bmYm¿Yyadnbm\p≈ a\p-jy[n

jWbpsS HSpßmØ BKlØns≥d ]XoIamWv. BImi

Øns≥d A\¥XIfnepw B‰Øns≥d k¶o¿WXIfnepw

IÆpw\ńcn°p∂ imkvXPvR∑mcpw Cu ]]©Øns≥d

bmYm¿Yyadnbm≥ th≠nbmWv ian®psIm≠ncn°p∂Xv.

Hcp almK\vYw t]mse \ap°pap∂n¬ Xpd∂psh°s∏ń

´p≈ Cu ]]©ØnsehnsSbpw AXns≥d \n¿amXmhns≥d

t]scgpXnsh®nń√. ]t£, ]]© ]pkvXIØnse Hmtcm

A£chpw CXns∂mcp \n¿amXmhv BhiyamsW∂v hyIvX

ambpw ]Jym]n°p∂p≠v. B \n¿amXmhns≥d kz`mhkhnti

jXIsf kw_\v[n®v Hcp GItZi NnXw Cu ]pkvXIØnse

hmIyßƒ \¬Ip∂ps≠∂XmWv hmkvXhw.

Adn™nStØmfw, ]]©Ønse Nn¥miIvXnbp≈ GI

PohnbmWv a\pjy≥. Cu _rlZv]]©Øn\v \Sphn¬ \n¬

°p∂ a\pjy≥ kzm`mhnIambpw tNmZn®pt]mIp∂ Iptd tNm

Zyßfp≠v. Xs∂bpw ]]©sØbpw Ipdn®dnbm\p≈ a\pjy

[njWbpsS kzm`mhnIamb tXámWv Cu tNmZyßfneqsS

H∂v


]ISam°s∏Sp∂Xv. \nc£ccmb a\pjy¿ apX¬ imkvXPvR

¿ hsc Cu tNmZyßƒ tNmZn®psIm≠ncn°p∂p. a\pjy\v F

∂p _p≤niIvXnbpw Nn¥miIvXnbpap≠mtbm A∂papX¬

Ah≥ tNmZn®psIm≠ncn°p∂XmWv Cu tNmZyßƒ. hyXy

kvX \mKcnIXIfpsS NcnXw ]cntim[n°ptºmƒ C°mcyw

\ap°v a\ nemIpw.

a\pjy≥ A`napJoIcn°p∂ ]Ya tNmZyw Cu _rlØmb

]]©w \n¿an®p \SØns°m≠ncn°p∂Xv BcmsW∂p≈

XmWv. ]¿∆XØns≥d D®nbntem BgnbpsS AKm[XIfntem

BImiØns≥d A\¥Xbntem H∂pwXs∂ Ch krjvSn®v

]cn]men°p∂ hyIvXnbpsS t]scgpXnsh®nńs√∂Xv kXy

amWv. ]t£,- ]¿∆XØns≥d \ne\n¬∏ns\bpw BImiØn

s≥d krjvSn∏ns\bqw kapZØns≥d \SØn∏ns\bpw Ipdn®p

]Tn°ptºmƒ Chbv-°p]n∂n¬ APø\mb Hcp kjvSmhps≠

∂ bmYm¿Yyw \ap°v ap∂n¬ sXfn™phcpw, Xo¿®.

\mw \sΩ°pdn®pXs∂ Nn¥n°pI; a\pjys≥d krjvSn∏n

s\°pdn®v. ]nXmhv khn°p∂ e£°W°n\v _oPßfnsem

∂v amXm-hns≥d K¿`]mXØn¬ sh®v Afihpambn kwtbmPn

®v knIvXmfiap≠mIp∂p. Cu knIvXmfiØn\dnbn√, Xm≥

hf¿∂v ]pdØpt]mIp∂ temIØn¬ NqSpw XWp∏pw Im‰pw

shfn®hpw i_vZhpw kzmZpsa√maps≠∂v. ]t£, knIvXmfiw

kzbw Xs∂ hn`Pn®p≠mhp∂ 6x1014* tImißfm¬ Chsb

√madnbmhp∂ Ie (tissue) Ifp≠mhp∂p. ImWphm≥ IÆpw

tIƒ°phm≥ ImXpw cq]s∏Sp∂p. lrZbw, Icƒ, Bamibw

XpSßnb B¥cmhbhßƒ cq]s∏Sp∂p. F√m‰nepap]cnbmbn

Chsb apgp-h≥- \nb¥n°p∂, A¬`pXßfne¬`pXamb

akvXnjvIw cq]wsIm≈p∂p. Chbvs°√mw ]n∂n¬ Hcp alm

\mb kjvSmhns≥d BkqXnXhpw kq£vahpamb ]h¿Ø\

ßfmtWm, AX√, tIhe bmZrivNnIXbmtWm _p≤nbp≈

h¿°v ImWm≥ Ignbp∂Xv?

\ΩpsS Np‰p]mSpIfnte°v ItÆmSn°pI. hyXykvXß

fmb eßfp¬]mZn∏n°p∂ kkyßƒ C√mbncp∂psh¶n¬

`qanbn¬ P¥p°fpsS PohnXw Akm[yamIpambncp∂p. a\pjy

\S°ap≈ P¥p°ƒ DOzkn°p∂ Im¿_ÜtbmIvsskUv

hens®SpØv PohnIfpsS \nizmkhmbphmb HmIvknP≥ ]pd

ØphnSp∂Xv lcnXkkyßfmWv. kkyßfns√¶n¬ P¥p°

ƒt°m, P¥p°fns√¶n¬ kkyßƒt°m Pohn°m≥ hømØ

AhkvY. izk\Øns≥d ImcyØn¬ amXa√, £WØns≥d

bpw tcmK]Xntcm[Øns≥dbpw cwKßfn¬ Cu ]ckv]c kl

IcWw ImWmw.

HcpZmlcWw: kkyßƒ°v ]Xyp¬]mZ\w \SØWsa¶n

¬ B¨]qhnep≈ ]qsºmSn s]¨]qhns≥d tIkcØn¬ ]Xn

°Ww. P¥p°sft∏mse Ne\kzmX¥yap≈hb√t√m kky

ßƒ. CXn\p kkyßƒ Nne jUv]ZßfpsS klmbw tXSp

∂p. B¨]qhn¬ \n∂pw ]qsºmSn s]¨]qhnseØn°p∂Xv

Cu jUv]ZßfmWv. jUv]Zßsf BI¿jn°m\mWv ]pjv]

ßƒ°v \ndßfpw aWhpap≈Xv. ]Xyp¬]mZ\Øn\v ]mIamb

]q-°ƒ- ]ISn∏n°p∂ \ndØnepw tX\nepw BIrjvScmsbØp

∂ jUv]ZßfpsS ImepIfneqsS Aht]mepadnbmsX ]cmK

Ww \S°p∂p. XßfpsS ]Xyp¬]mZ\Øn\v klmbn°p∂

jUv]Zßƒ°v ]q°ƒ \¬Ip∂ kΩm\amWv tX≥ F∂p

thWsa¶n¬ ]dbmw. FX hyhkvYm]nXambn´mWv Imcyßƒ

kwhn[m\n®ncn°p∂Xv! Chsb√mw Hcp APø\mb kjvSmhn

s≥d BkqXnX ]h¿Ø\ßfmbn´mtWm AX√, tIhebmZr

Nv-O-nIXbpsS theIfmbn´mtWm Nn¥n°p∂ a\pjy≥ a\ n

emt°≠Xv?

a‰p≈ PohnIfnte°v t\m°pI: kapZØnse a¬kyßƒ!

BImiØnse ]dhIƒ! h\yarKßƒ! ho´parKßƒ! F√m

Øn\pw AhbpsS ]cnXkvYnXn°mhiyamb ]tXyIXIƒ

\¬Is∏ńcn°p∂p. ]d°p∂ ]£nIfpsS AkvYnIƒ°nSbn

epw XqhepIƒ°nSbnepap≈ At\Iw hmbptImißfn¬ kZm

Im‰v \nd™p \n¬°p∂Xn\m¬ A\p`hs∏Sp∂ `mc°pdhv

Ahbv°v ]d°m≥ klmbIambn hn°p∂p. F∂m¬, sh≈

Øn¬ \ot¥≠ ]£nIƒ°v Cu khntijX D]Imc]Za√m* 6x1014=600000000000000

14 am¿K\n¿tZiw tXSp∂ a\pjy≥ 15


ØXn\m¬ AhbpsS F√v s]m≈b√. ]I¬ CctXSp∂

]£nIƒ°v AXn\\pIqeamb imcocnILS\bp≈t∏mƒ

cmXn CctXSp∂ aqß, ]mXncs°m°v apXembh°v AXn\

\pIqeamb imcocnILS\bmWp≈Xv. ap´bnSp∂Xn\pw

Ip™pßsf hf¿Øp∂Xn\pw th≠n ]£nIƒ \n¿an°p∂

IqSpIƒ ]cntim[n°p∂ Ghcpw A¬`pXs∏´pt]mIpw. ac

s°mºnencp∂pdßp∂ ]£nbp-sS tZlw Imen¬ Aacp∂tXm

sS ImepIƒ aSßpIbpw Nne amwkt]inIfpw X¥p°fpw

hf™phncepIsf sImºn\pNp‰pw apdpIn°nS°m≥ klmbn

°pIbpw sNøp∂Xn\m¬ acØn¬ \n∂h hoWpt]mIp∂n√.

]£nIƒ°v ]d°m\mbn \¬Is∏ńcn°p∂ NndIpIfmWv

as‰mcp A¬`pXmhbhw. ]£nIfpsS icmicn thKw aWn°q

dn¬ ap∏Xp apX¬ Adp]Xphsc Intemao‰dmsW¶nepw \q‰n

ap∏Xv apX¬ \q‰nbºXphsc Intemao‰¿ thKXbn¬ ]d°p∂

]£nIfpap≠v. B¬_tSm ns\t∏mse hfsc Zqcw NndIv

A\°msX HgpIn∏d°p∂ ]£nIƒ°v hfsc \ofwIqSn hoXn

Ipd™ NndIpIfmWp≈sX¶n¬, ImSsbt∏mse s]s´∂v

s]m¥n DSs\ hfscthKw ]dt°≠nhcp∂ ]£nIƒ°v

hoXnIqSn \ofw Ipd™ NndIpIfmWp≈Xv.

IcPohnIfn¬ \ns∂mcpZmlcWw IqSn: acp°∏¬ F∂dn

bs∏Sp∂ PohnbmWt√m HÍw. F¥mWnßs\ hnfn°s∏

Sm\p≈ ImcWw? acp`qanbneqsS I\Ø `mcw hln®psIm≠v

Pehpw Blmchpw IqSmsX Zo¿LZqcw bmXsNøm≥ Ignbp

∂XpsIm≠mWv HÍsØ Cßs\ hnfn°p∂Xvv. A™qdv

IntemKmantesd `mcw hln®psIm≠v acp`qanbneqsS

aWn°qdn¬ ]Xnaq∂p apX¬ ]Xn\mdphsc Intemao‰¿

thKXbn¬ Zo¿LZqcw k©cn°m≥ Ad_n HÍßƒ°v Ign

bpw. ChbpsS \o≠ ImepIƒ°v mctadnb icocsØ Xmßm

\p≈ IcpØp≠v. Hmtcm Imenepap≈ c≠v hncepIƒ°nSbnse

arZphmb amwk]nWvUßƒ AXns≥d ]mZsØ aWen¬ ]pX

™pt]mImsX kq£n°p∂p. Im¬ap´pIfnepw Dckn\Snbnepw

ImWp∂ Ińbp≈ N¿amhcWw HÍw ap´pIpØn°nS°ptºm

ƒ AXns≥d icoc`mKßƒ°v £Xta¬°mXncn°m≥ klm

bn°p∂p. \√ ImgvNiIvXnbp≈ HÍØns≥d IÆpIƒ°p≈

\o≠ ]pcnIßtfmSpIqSnb henb I¨t]mfIƒ DKamb

kqcyIncWßfn¬\n∂pw aW¬°m‰pIfn¬\n∂pw IÆpIsf

c£n°p∂p. H∂c Intemao‰tdmfw ZqcØp≈ Pew aWØ

dnbm≥ Ignbp∂ HÍßƒ°v aW¬Im‰Sn°ptºmƒ aW¬Xcn

Iƒ aq°n¬ IS∂pIqSmXncn°p∂Xn\mbn CjvSm\pkcWw

\mkmc‘ßsf ASbv-°m\pw Xpd°m\pw Ignbpw. HÍØn

s≥d Blmcßfmb acp`qanbnse an° sNSnIfnepw ap≈pIƒ

D≈Xn\m¬ Np≠pIƒ°v £Xta¬°mXncn°m\mbn AXn

s≥d ta¬®p≠v c≠mbn ]nf¿∂ncn°p∂p. HÍØns≥d apXpIn

se ]q™bmWv G‰hpw henb A¬`pXw. hc≠ aWemcWy

ØneqsS A¬]wt]mepw Pe]m\wIqSmsX Znhkßtfmfw

k©cn°m≥ HÍØn\v Ignhv \¬Ip∂Xv Cu ]q™bmWv.

[mcmfw Pehpw Blmcßfpw e`n°ptºmƒ ]q™ sImgp∏v

\nd™v XSn®v hepXmIp∂p. Pew e`n°mØ AhkvYbn¬

Cu sImgp∏v inYneoIcn°s∏SpIbpw AXn¬\n∂p≠mIp∂

sslUP≥ AWp°ƒ izk\hmbphn¬\n∂v- e`n°p∂ HmIv

knP\pambn kwtbmPn®v tImißƒ°p≈n¬ Pew \n¿an°p

Ibpw icocØns≥d hnhn[ ]h¿Ø\ßƒ°mbn D]tbmKs∏

SpØpIbpw sNøp∂p.

PohnIƒ AhbpsS Np‰p]mSpIƒ°\ptbmPyamb coXnbn¬

krjvSn°s∏´Xn\p ]n∂n¬ k¿K[\\mb Hcp kjvSmhns≥d

IchncptXm A\v[amb bmZrN-v-O-nIXbpsS ]h¿Ø\ßtfm

F¥mWv bpIvXnt_m[ap≈h¿°v IWm≥ Ignbp∂Xv?

\mw Pohn°p∂ `qanbnte°v t\m°pI. kucbqYØnse

HcwKamb qansb Poh≥ krjvSn°m≥ th≠n kPvPam°s∏´

Hcp sXmńembn´mWv Nn¥n°p∂h¿s°√mw ImWm≥ IgnbpI.

`qan kzbw Ccp]Øn\mep aWn°qdn¬ Hcp]mhiyw àWw

sNøp∂Xn\m¬ cmhpw ]Iepw D≠mIp∂p. qan kqcy\pNp‰pw

Zo¿LhrØmImcamb àW]YØn¬ icmicn 365.2564 Znhk

Ønsemcn°¬ Np‰p∂p. kzbw àWw \S°p∂Xv 230 sNcn™

\nebnemWv. Cu sNcnhn√mbncp∂psh¶n¬ `qanbnse

EXpt`Zßƒ D≠mIpambncp∂n√. ùam¥co£w AXn\v Hcp



ta¬°qc ]WnbpIbmWv sNøp∂Xv. kqcy\n¬\n∂v- hcp∂

amcIßfmb AƒSmhbe‰v civanIsf XS™p\n¿ØpIbpw

\n¿tZmjnIfpw `qanbn¬ Poh≥ \ne\n¬°m≥ A\nhmcyhp

amb civanIsf ISØnhnSpIbpwsNøp∂ Hmtkm¨ ]mfn C√m

bncp∂psh¶n¬ qanbn¬ Poh\v \ne\n¬]p≠mIpambncp∂n√.

`qanbnte°v ]Xn®psIm≠ncn°p∂ D¬°Isf L¿jWwaqew

Icn®pIf™v \in∏n°p∂ A¥co£w `qanbpsS ta¬°q-

cbs√¶n¬ as‰¥mWv? A¥co£ hmbp C√mbncps∂¶n¬

]I¬kabØv `qanbnse Pew Xnf®padnbpIbpw cmXnkab

Øv XWpØv Iń-bmhpIbpw sNøpambncp∂p. Cu Xm]\ne

\nb¥n®psIm≠v `qanbnse iotXmjvWmhkvYsb Ias∏Sp

Øp∂Xn¬ ][m\]¶p≈ Im¿_¨-UtbmIvsskUns≥d

k¥pe\w \ne\n¿Øs∏SpØp∂Xv P¥p°fpsS DOzmkhmbp

hnep≈ Im¿_ -UtbmIvsskUneqsSbmWv. Hmtcm h¿jhpw

icmicn 500 _ney¨ S¨ Im¿_ÜtbmIvsskUv hens®Sp

°p∂p≠v, kkyßƒ. P¥p°fpsS DOzmkhmbp C√mbncps∂

¶n¬ shdpw aq∂ph¿jw sIm≠v `qanbnse Im¿_¨-UtbmIv

sskUv Xo¿∂pt]mIpambncp∂p. Aßs\ `qanbn¬ Poh≥

Akm[yamIpambncp∂p.

kucbqYØnse Du¿PPØns≥d DdhnSamb kqcy≥ as‰mc

¬`pXamWv. qanbptSXns≥d ap∏Ønaq∂v e£w Ccń mcap≈

kqcy\nse _mly`mKsØ Dujvamhv 60000 sk¬jykv apX¬

10000000 UnKn sk¬jykv hscbmWv. kqcy\pw kzbw àWw

sNøpIbpw KmeIvknbpsS tIµØn\pNp‰pw ]cnIaWw \S

ØpIbpw sNøp∂p. kqcy-s≥d Xm]w 13 iXam\w Ipd™m¬

`qan a™v ]pX∏n\m¬ aqSs∏SpIbpw 30 iXam\w IqSnbm-¬

ChnsSbp≈ F√m PohnIfpw \in°pIbpw sNøpw. qanbnse

Hcphn[w F√m ]Xn`mkßƒ°pap≈ ImcWw kqcy\mWv.

kqcy\n√mbncp∂psh¶n¬ a™v DcpIpIbn√, \Zn HgpIpIbn√,

taLßƒ D≠mhpIbn√, Im‰Sn°pIbn√, ]q°ƒ hnScpIbn√,

ags]øpIbn√, Poh≥ \ne\n¬°pIbn√.

kqcy≥ £oc]Ysa∂ (milky way) XmcIhyql (galaxy)Ønse HcwKw amXamWv. £oc]YØn¬ kqcys\°mƒ

sNdpXpwhepXpamb ]Xn\ømbncw tImSntbmfw \£Xßƒ

Is≠Ønbn´p≠v. Cu XmcIhyqlØns≥d Hc‰Øp\n∂v at‰

A‰Ønte°p≈ Zqcw 1,20,000 ]Imih¿jamWvv. CØcØnep

≈ ]Xn\mbncw tImSnbne[nIw XmcIhyqlßsf CXn\Iw

Is≠Øn°gn™n´p≠v. Chsb√mw A\p\nanjw AI∂psIm

≠ncn°pIbmWv. ]]©w hnIkn®psIm≠ncn°pIbmsW∂

¿Yw. Cu XØ-z]Imcw B[p\nI ]WvUnX∑m¿ ]dbp∂Xv,

\aps°mcn°epw ImWm≥IgnbmØ ]ImithKØn¬ AI

∂psIm≠ncn°p∂ \£Xhyqlßƒ D≠mIm≥ km[yXbp

s≠∂mWv. CXv icnbmsW¶n¬, uXnI]]©Øns≥d Xs∂

]e mKßfpw a\pjy≥ FX ]ptcmKan®mepw Ah∂v APvRm

XambnXs∂ XpScpw.

`qansb Poh∂\ptbmPyamb coXnbn¬ kwhn[m\n®Xn\pw

\£XßfpsS kr-jvSn°pw kwhn[m\Øn\psa√mw ]n∂n¬

AXpey\mb Hcp kjvSmhns≥d iIvXnhntijßtfm AX√

bmZrNv-O-nIXtbm F¥mWv Nn¥n°p∂h¿°v ImWm≥ Ignbp

∂Xv?

DØcw hyIvXamWv. DØchmZnØt_m[ap≈ Hcp \mbI

s≥d A`mhØn¬ Hcp IpSpw_Xn\v \ne\n¬°m\mhns√¶n¬,

iIvXamsbmcp cWkwhn[m\an√msX Hcp cmPyØn\pw ]ptcm

KXn t\Sm\mhns√¶n¬ APø\pw k¿hiIvX\pamb Hcp kjv

Smhns≥d BkqXWw IqSmsX Cu ]]©w kzbw D≠mIm

t\m \ne\n¬°mt\m km[yXbn√.

CXv km[mcW°mc≥apX¬ imkvXPvR≥hscbp≈hcpsS

XØzimkvXamWv. km[mcW°mc≥ thentb‰ßfnepw then

bnd°Ønepw alm\mb kjvSmhns≥d AkvXnXzw Is≠Øp

tºmƒ imkvXPvR≥ Cu ]Xn`mkßƒ°v ImcWamb Kpcp

XzmI¿jWØn\v \nZm\amb kv-Ye˛Im-e ss\c¥cyßfpsS

\ne\n¬]n¬ APø\mb k¿hiIvXs≥d ssh`hw Is≠Øp

∂psh∂pamXw. c≠pw êØn¬ H∂pXs∂. imkvXw FX

Xs∂ ]ptcmKan®mepw Hcp kjvSmhns≥d AkvXnXzw- \ntj[n

°m≥ B¿°pw km[yas√∂Xv Hcp hkvXpXbmWv. amXhpa√,

imkvXØns≥d ]ptcmKXn AXpey\mb Hcp c£nXmhns≥d



IchncpXv Cu ]]©Øns≥d \ne\n¬]ns≥d ]n∂neps≠∂v

hyIvXam°pIbmWv sNøp∂Xvv.

CXv, a\pjyPnPvRmkbpsS ]YatNmZyØns≥d ]q¿Wamb

DØcamIp∂n√. Cu ]]©Øns≥d krjvSn°pw, kvYnXn°pw

]n∂n¬ Hcp alØmb iIvXnbps≠∂v amXsa ]m]©nI

hkvXpXIsf°pdn®p≈ ]T\Øn¬\n∂v \mw a\ nem°nbn

´p≈q. Ah≥- BcmWv? Ahs≥d kz`mhkhntijXIƒ

Fs¥ms°bmWv? Ahs\°pdn®v a\ nem°phm≥ \mw

Fs¥ms° sNøWw? XpSßnb ]iv\ßƒ C\nbpw Ahti

jn°p∂p.

c≠maXmbp≈ a\pjys≥d At\zjWw Bcm[ys\°pdn

®mWv. kjvSmhns\°pdn® At\zjWwt]mseXs∂ a\pjym

kvXnXzØns≥d kzm`mhnIamb ]hWXbmWv Bcm[ys\°p

dn® At\zjWhpw. c≠pXcw hnImcßfn¬\n∂mWv Cu

At\zjWw D¬`hn°p∂Xv; IrXPvRXbpsSbpw _elo\X

bpsSbpw hnImcßfn¬\n∂v.

Cu qanbn¬ Pohn®psIm≠ncn°p∂ a\pjy≥ X\n°v A]m

camb A\p-Klßƒ \¬Inb Hcp almiIvXnbpsS AkvXnXzw

A\p`hn®dnbp∂p. a\pjy\v Pohn°phm\mhiyamb hmbphpw

sh≈hpw btYjvSw kPvPoIcn®psh®ht\mSv Ah\v BZchv

tXm∂p∂p. Nµ\nte°v t]mb _lncmImik©mcnIƒ GXm

\pw \nanjt\ctØ°v izkn°phm\mbn e£°W°n\v cq]

bpsS kPvPoIcWßfmWv IqsS sIm≠pt]mbsX∂dnbpI

IqSn sNøptºmƒ Cu BZchv h¿[n°pIbmWv sNøp∂Xv.

CjvSs]´ coXnbnep≈ `£W]Zm¿Yßƒ X\n°v ssI

FØmhp∂ ZqcØXv Hcp°nsh®n´p≈ht\mSv a\pjy\v \µn

tXm∂pI kzm`mhnIamWv. `£W ]Zm¿Yßƒ tXSn a‰v

Klßfntet°m D]Klßfntet°m t]mtI≠Xn√

a\pjy\v. Ahsb√mw Ahs≥d Np‰pap≠v Ah\v Bhiyap≈

coXnbn¬; Ah\njvSs∏´ kzmZpIfn¬.- Htc Np‰p]mSn¬ Htc

hfw hen®p≠mIp∂ kkyßƒ Xs∂ a\pjyicocØn\m

hiyamb hyXykvX PohIßfSßnb eßƒ D¬]mZn∏n°p

∂p. X°mfnbpsSbpw \mcßbpsSbpw B∏nfns≥dbpw ap¥ncn

ßbpsSbpw Aßs\ hyXykvX -êßfpsSbpw hfßfn¬

Ahbnep≈ amwkytam PohIßtfm C√. Ah hens®Sp°p∂

PeØn¬ \mcßbpsS AæXtbm X°mfnbpsS Npat∏m B∏nfn

s≥d a[pcnatbm C√. ]t£, Cu sNSnIfpsS eßfn¬ Ah

sb√map≠m°nsh®Xv- \mw- A\p-`hn-°p-∂p.- CsX√mw- sNbv-

Xp-sIm≠v a\pjy\v \ne\n¬°m\p≈ kwhn[m\samcp°nb

ht\mSv ÌvXnbp≠mhpI kzm`mhnIat√? bmsXm∂pan√msX

P\n°p∂ a\pjy\v BhiyambsX√mw Xs≥d Np‰p]mSpIfn¬

Hcp°nsh®ncn°p∂Xv Bcmbncp∂mepw B A\pKlZmXmhn

t\mSv am\yXbp≈ B¿°pw IrXPvRXbp≠mhpI kzm`mhn

IamWv.

kz¥w icocØnte°v t\m°p∂ a\pjy\n¬ Cu BZchv

h¿[n°pIbmWv sNøp∂Xvv. \nkvXpeamb Hcp icocw e`n®n

cn°p∂p a\pjy\v. a\pjyicocw Cu cq]ØnemIm≥ ]mSn√m

bncp∂psh∂v ]dbpI t]mbn´v, C∂ Ahbhw sh® kvYm\w

icnbmbns√∂v Nq≠n°mWn°m≥t]mepw ss[cyap≈ Bcpw

C∂phsc D≠mbnń√. a\pjy\v \¬Is∏´Xnepw DØaamb

Hcp icocsØ hn`mh\ sNøm≥t]mepw Ah\v Ignbn√. IÆp

Ifpw ImXpIfpw aq°pw hmbpw \m°pw ]√pIfpw ssIIfpw

ImepIfpsa√mw AXXns≥d kvYm\Øv Xs∂bmWv AXns\

krjvSn®h≥ ]XnjvTn®ncn°p∂Xv. amXa√, as‰mcp Pohn°pw

\¬Is∏SmØ hnkvabIcamb am\knIIgnhpIfpw \¬Is∏

ńcn°p∂p a\pjy\v. Cu IgnhpIfmWv Ahs\°mƒ iIvXn

bp≈ knwlsØbpw thKXbp≈ No‰∏pensbbpw hen∏ap≈

B\sbbpw \nb¥n°m\h\v iIvXn \¬Ip∂Xv.- kpµcamb

Hcp icochpw temIsØ sNm¬]Sn°p \n¿Øm≥ t]m∂ _u

≤nI IgnhpIfpw \¬Inbht\mSv IvXnbpw BZchpw tXm∂pI

sb∂Xv kzm`mhnIamWv.

C\n CXns≥d adphiw Nn¥n°pI: Xs≥d Np‰p]mSpIfnte

°v t\m°p∂ a\pjy≥- a\ nem°p∂ Hcp bmYm¿Yyap≠v.

Ah≥ Cu temIØv Atßb‰w AiIvX\pw Ahi\pw \n

lmb\pamsW∂ hkvXpXbsX AXv. Xs≥d AkvXnXzsØ

\ne\n¿Øp∂ iIvXnIsfm∂pw Xs≥d hcpXnbnes√∂pw Ah



sbsbm∂pw X\n°v \nb¥n°m≥ km[yas√∂padnbp∂

a\pjy≥ Xms\XamXw \n lmb\msW∂v a\ nem°p∂p.

`qanbpsS kzbwàWØns≥d tXmXv Hc¬]w hyXymks∏´m¬

a\pjys\∂√ Hcp PohPmehpw ChnsS \ne\n¬°pIbn√.

kqcyXm]w F√mbnSØpw NnXdnhogp∂ cq]Øne√mbncp∂p

`qanbpsS kzbwàWsa¶n¬ ]I¬ PohPmeßsf√mw sh¥p

cpIbpw cmXn XWpØv achn°pIbpw sNbvtXs\. `qanbpsS

Ncnhv 23 UnKnbn¬ \n∂pw A¬]w hyXymks∏ńcp∂psh¶n¬

kkyPmeßfpsS \ne\n¬]n\v A\nhmcyamb EXpt`Zßƒ

D≠mhpIbn√mbncp∂p. A¥co£Øns≥d Hmtkm¨]mfn

\o°wsNøs∏´m¬ qanbn¬ ]ns∂ Hcp \nanjwt]mepw a\pjy

kaqlw \ne\n¬°pIbn√. qansbm∂v Ipepßnbm¬, CSnan∂

ens≥d iIvXamb ]lcØn\v hnt[bambm¬ F√mw Xs‚

PohnXw Ahkm\n°psa∂pw Chsbm∂pw X\n°v \nb¥n°m

\mhns√∂pw a\ nem°p∂ a\pjys≥d a\ n¬ \n lmbX

bpsSbpw AhiXbpsSbpw hnImcßƒ apfs]m´p∂p. Chsb

\nb¥n°m≥ Xm≥ AiIvX\msW∂dnbp∂ a\pjys≥d Ic

ßƒ Ahsb \nb¥n°m≥ km[n°p∂hs≥-d t\sc DbcpI

sb∂Xv kzm`mhnIamWv.

Np‰p]mSpIsf amXa√, kzicocsØt∏mepw \nb¥n°m≥

Xm≥ AiIvX\msW∂dnbp∂ a\pjy≥ Hcp icWØn\pw

Ahew_Øn\pwth≠n BKln°p∂p. a\pjyakvXnjvIØn

te°p≈ cIvX]hmlw GXm\pw \nanjßƒ XSbs∏´m¬

a\pjys\∂ \ne°p≈ Ahs≥d F√m IgnhpIfpw \jvSs∏

Spw. lr-Zbw- A¬]t\ctØ°v- ]Wn-ap-S°n-bm¬- a\p-jy-s≥-d

izm-kw- \n-ebv-°pw.- ico-cØn-se GsX¶n-ep-sam-cp- hy-hkv-Ybv°v-

sNdn-sbm-cp- XIcm-dp- h∂m¬- im-co-cn-I kw-hn-[m-\ßfm-sI

Xmfw -sX‰p-w.-

CXdnbp∂ a\pjy≥ Chsbsb√mw \nb¥n°p∂Xv- GsXm

cph\m-sW∂v At\zjn°pIbpw Aht\mSv icWwhnfn \SØp

hm≥ ]tNmZnX\mhpIbpw sNøp∂p. B \nb¥IiIvXnsb

°pdn®v IqSpX¬ Adnbm\pw Ahs\ Xr]vXns∏SpØm\pw a\p

jy≥ BKln°p∂p.

X\n°pNp‰pap≈, Xs≥d AkvXnXzsØ \ne\n¿Øp∂ iIv

XnIsftbm Xs∂t∏meptam \nb¥n°m≥ X\n°mhpIbns√

∂v a\ nem°p∂ a\pjy≥ Ahsb \nb¥n°m≥ Ignbp∂h

t\m-Sv- kzm`mhnIambn icWw hnfn°p∂p. Cu icWwhnfnbmWv

Bcm[\. X\n°v H∂n\pamIns√∂v a\ nem°p∂ a\pjy

s≥d a\ n¬\n∂v F√m‰n\pw Ignbp∂ht\m-Sv- Dbcp-∂ ]m¿Y

\bmWv Bcm[\sIm≠v hnh£n°s∏Sp∂Xv. ]≈nIfntem

N¿®pIfntem Aºeßfntem sh®p\S°p∂ BNmc][m\

amb Bcm[\Iƒ amXa√, ]XypX PohnXØns≥d GXpcwK

Øpw Xs≥d \n lmbX A\p`hn®dnbptºmƒ a\pjya\ p

Iƒ°p≈n¬\n∂v Dbcp∂ tX´wIqSn Bcm[\sIm≠v ChnsS

hnh£n°s∏Sp∂p.

Cu tX´w a\pjy]IrXnbpsS i_vZamWv.- \ncoizc]kvYm

\Øns≥d hIvXm°sf∂v AhImis∏Sp∂h¿t]mepw kµ-nKv

[- L´ßfn¬ ssZhsØ hnfn®v tXSnbXn\v NcnXw km£n\n

¬°p∂p≠v. 1942 BKkv‰v amkØn¬, c≠mw temIalmbp≤

Øns≥d AhkcØn¬ ln‰ve¿s°Xnsc kJyI£nIƒ \S∏m

°m\pt±in® tSm¿®v clkytk\ ]≤Xnsb°pdn® N¿®°nS

b-n¬ A∂sØ IayqWn-kv‰v djybpsS ]ctam∂X\mb

`cWm[n]≥ tPmk^v kv‰men≥t]mepw _nójv ][m\a¥n

hn≥kv‰¨ N¿®nent\mSv ""ssZhw Cu ]≤Xn hnPbn∏n°s´''

sb∂v Biwkn® kw`hw hyIvXam°p∂Xv ]ctam∂XiIvXn

tbmSp≈ Bcm[\m at\m`mhw a\pjy]IrXnbpsS i_vZam

sW∂pw, AXv Nn¥m]camb Im]SyØns≥d Xnc»oe°nSbn¬

Hfn∏n®psh°m≥ FXXs∂ ian®mepw kµ-nKv[-L´ßfn¬

ad\o°n ]pdØphcpsa∂pamWv. CsXmcp H‰s∏´ kw`ha√.

H´\h[n kw`hßfn¬ H∂pamXw. Bcm[ys\°pdn® At\z

jWw a\pjy]IrXnbpsS hnImcamsW∂Xn\v thsd sXfnhp

Iƒ Bhiyaps≠∂v tXm∂p∂n√.

ChnsSbpw \mw c≠masØ At\zjWØns≥d A¥yØn

seØnbnń√. Hcp Bcm[ys\ a\pjy]IrXn tXSp∂psh∂pam

XamWv \mw a\ nem°nbXv. Bcmbncn°Ww Bcm[y≥?

Fßs\bmWv AXns\ Bcm[nt°≠Xv? AXns\ Bcm[n®



XpsIm≠p≠mIp∂ t\´ßƒ F¥mWv?- F∂o ]iv\ßƒ

C\nbpw Ahtijn°p∂p.

a\pjys≥d aq∂masØ At\zjWw kz¥sØ°pdn®mWv.

Xm≥ FhnsS\n∂mWv h∂sX∂pw FhntS°mWv t]mIp∂sX

∂padnbm≥ Ah≥ BKln°p∂p. a‰v arKßfn¬ \n∂v- hyXy

kvXambn- kaplØns≥d \ne\n¬]n\pth≠n ]tXyIamb

Nne \nbaßƒ Xm≥ A\pkcnt°≠Xps≠∂dnbp∂ a\p

jy≥ Ah A\pkcn°msX XnI®pw arKobamb k¿hX¥

kzmX¥yw A\p`hn®mses¥∂v kzbwtNmZn°p∂p. X\n

°p≈ BKlm`nemjßfpw hnImcßfpw Cu temIØnse

]cnanXamb PohnXØn\p≈n¬sh®v ian∏n°m≥ Ignbns√∂v

Adnbp∂ a\pjy≥ Ah t\SnsbSp°m≥ Ignbp∂ PohnX

Øn\pth≠n Imw£n°p∂p.

Cu ]]©Ønte°v ItÆmSn°p∂ \mw a\pjy\v Xpeyam

b Hcp AkvXnXzsØ FhnsSbpw ImWp∂n√. ]]©Ønse

]ctamØakrjvSn a\pjy\mWv. tImSm\ptImSn kwh¬kcß

fmbp≈ ]]©Øns≥d ]cnWmaØn\nSbn¬ a\pjys\∂ ]c

tam¬IrjvSkrjvSn ]Xy£o`hn®n´v GXm\pw klkm_vZ

ßƒ amXta Bbn´p≈q. `qan BIam\w H∂p Ipepßnbm¬

B krjvSnbpsS AkvXnXzw Ahkm\n°pIbpwsNøpw. \Ωp

sS icocw GtXXp ùXnILSIßƒ tN¿∂p≠mbXmtWm

AXns≥dsb√mw hb v tImSm\p-tImSn sIm√w \o≠p\n¬°p

∂p. \mw DbnscSp°p∂Xn\paptº Ah ChnsSbp≠mbncp∂p.

F∂m¬ Cu ]]©Ønse k¿thm¬IrjvSamb AkvXnXzw

GXm\pw h¿jßƒ amXw Pohn°p∂p. icmicn Adp]tXm

Fgp]tXm h¿jw amXw. CXv a\pjy_p≤n AwKoIcn°p∂n√.

Xm≥ k¿thm-¬IrjvS Pohnsb∂v ]dbs∏SWsa¶n¬ Cu

PohnXØn\p]pdsa as‰mcp PohnXw Ah≥ Bin°p∂p.

Ipsd BKlßfp≈h\mWv a\pjy≥. ]t£, Xs≥d Bi

IfXbpw ]q¿ØoIcn°phm≥ Cu tem-IØn-\v- Ign-bn-s√∂v-

Adn-bp-∂ Ah≥- \n-cm-i\m-Ip-∂p.- ]m-ac\pw- ]WvUn-X\pw- ]W

°m-c\pw- CXn¬- \n-∂v- ap-Iv-Xa√.- \mw- BKln-°p-∂Xv- ap-gp-

h≥- t\Sn-sbSp-°p-hm≥- ]‰p-∂ Hcp- kw-hn-[m-\a√ Cu- tem-IØn-

ep-≈sX∂v- a\ n-em-°p-∂ a\p-jy≥- Ah t\Sn-sbSp-°m≥- Ign-

bptam- F∂v- At\z-jn-°p-∂p.- Cu- ]]©Øn-s≥-d kw-hn-[m\w-

Xs∂ Xs‚ CNv-OIƒ- ap-gp-h≥- kêo-Ir-Xam-°Ø° co-Xn-

bnep-≈Xs√∂dn-bp-∂ Ah≥- Cu- ]m-]©n-IPo-hnXØn¬-\n∂v-

hy-Xy-kv-Xam-b Hcp- Po-hn-XØn-\p-th≠n- BKln-°p-∂p.-

\∑ sNøp-hm≥- a\p-jy\n¬- P∑\m-Xs∂ Hcp- hm-k\bp

≠v.- Xn-∑tbm-Sv- Ah\v- shdp-∏m-Wv.- ]t£,- F¥m-Wv- \∑sb∂pw-

F¥m-Wv- Xn-∑sb∂pw- hy-Iv-Xam-bn- \n¿-hNn-°m≥- a\p-jy-\v- km-

[n-°p-∂n-√.- Ah≥- Xn-∑bm-sW∂v- a\ n-em-°n-bn-´p-≈ Im-

cyßƒ sNøp-∂ hy-Iv-Xn-Ifn¬- ]ecpw- Cltem-IØv- kp-Jku-

Icy-ßƒ- A\p- hn-°p-∂Xm-bpw- \∑ sNøp-∂hcn¬- ]ecpw- Ijv-

Ss∏Sp∂Xm-bpw- Im-Ws∏Sp-∂p.- \∑°pw- Xn-∑°pw- X°Xm-b

]Xn-êw- \¬-Ip-hm≥- Cu- tem-IØn-s≥-d LS\°v- km-[ya

s√∂v- Adn-bp-tºmƒ- AØcw Hcp-- ]Xn-êthZn- Bhiy-am-

sW∂v- Ah\v- tXm-∂p-∂p.- u-Xn-I \o-Xn-\ym-btIm-SXn-Iƒ-s°m-

∂pw-Xs∂ \∑t°m- Xn-∑t°m- hy-Iv-Xam-b Iq-en-Iƒ- sIm-Sp-°p-

hm≥- Ign-bn-s√∂dn-bp-tºmƒ- "]Xn-êthZn'- Cu- Po-hn-XØn-

em-bn-°q-sS∂v Ah≥- hn-[n-°p-∂p.-

Hcp- ]Xn-êthZn-°p-th≠n-bp-≈ tX´hpw- a\p-jym-kv-Xn-Xz-

Øn-s≥-d kz-m-`m-hn-Iam-b ]hWXbm-Wv.- ]ctem-IsØbpw-

acWm-\¥c Po-hn-XsØbpw- Ah Im-Wp-∂n-s√∂ Im-cWØm¬-

am-Xw- \n-tj[n-®- ]e¿-°pw- ]dtb≠n-h∂n-´p-≈Xv- "]ctem-Iw-

Fs∂m-∂v- Ds≠¶n¬- hfsc \∂m-bn-cp-∂p.- ]t£,- AXn-√t√m...'-

F∂m-bn-cp-∂p.-

a\p-jy-Pn-⁄m-kbp-sS ASn-kv-Ym-\]cam-b At\zjWßsf

°p-dn-®m-Wv- \mw- N¿-® sNbv-XXv.- k-jv-Sm-hn-s\°p-dn-®pw- Bcm[y-

s\°p-dn-®pw- ]Xn-ê\m-fn-s\°p-dn-®pw- Ah≥- At\z-jWw-

\SØn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.- Cu- ]iv-\ßƒ-°p-≈ hy-Iv-Xam-b

DØcw -\¬-Im≥- kz-¥w- Nn-¥m-iIv-Xn- Xo-sc A]cym-]v-XamsW

∂v- Ah≥- a\ n-em-°p-∂p.-

kjv-Smhn-s\ kw-_\vv-[n-® At\z-jWw- Ahs≥-d Akv-XnXz

aw-Ko-Icn-°p-∂Xn¬- am-Xta a\p-jy-s\ FØn-®n- p-≈q.- Bcm[y-

s\°p-dn-® At\z-jWw- Ahs≥-d A\n--hm-cy-X hy-Iv-Xam-°p-I



am-Xta sNbv-Xn-´p-≈q.- ]Xn-êthZn- Bhiy-am-sW∂ A`n-

]m-bØn¬- am-Xta AXn-s\°p-dn-®p-≈ At\z-jWw- FØn-

®n-´p-≈q.- Bcv?- Fßs\?- Fhn-sS?- Xp-Sßn-b kp-][m-\ tNm-

Zy-ßƒ-°p-≈ DØcw- e`n-®p-Ign-™n-ń-√.- Cu- tNm-Zy-ßƒ-°p--

≈ DØcØn-\p-th≠n-bm-Wv- a\p-jy≥- BZy-Im-ew- ap-X¬t°

At\z-jn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv; Ncn-XmXo-XIm-ew- ap-X¬-°p-

Xs∂.-

Cu- tNmZy-ßƒ-°p-≈ DØcw- ù-Xn-Iam-b ]co-£W \n-co-

£Wßfn-¬-\n-∂v- \ap-°v- e`y-am-hp-Ibn-√.- GsX¶n-epw- ssatIm-

kv-tIm-∏n¬-sh®v- kjv-Sm-hn-s≥-d kØsbtbm- sSkv-‰y-q-_n¬-

sh®v- Bcm-[y-s‚ Akv-Xn-Xz-sØtbm- sSekv-tIm-∏neq-sS ]Xn-

êthZn-bp-sS cq-]sØtbm- Z¿-in-°p-hm≥- Ign-bp-Ibn-√.- Im

cWw- Chsb√mw- u-Xn-I]co-£Wßƒ-°Xo-Xam-sW∂Xm-Wv.-

kIe ]]©sØbpw- kr-jv-Sn-®p- ]cn-]m-en-°p-∂h≥- F∂m

Wv- kjv-Sm-hv- F∂p- ]dbp-tºmƒ- \mw- hn-h£n-°p-∂Xv.- ]]©

sØbpw- ]Zm¿-Y-sØbpw- krjv-Sn-® Ah≥- ]]©Øn-\pw- ]Zm¿-

Y-Øn-\p-aXo-X\m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v- \Ωp-sS km-am-\y_p-≤n- Xs∂

ka¿-Y-n-°p-∂p.- ]Zm¿-Y-Øn-s≥-d s]cp-am-‰co-Xn-bm-Wv- a\p-jy-cp-

sS ]co-£Wßfp-sSbpw- \n-co-£Wßfp-sSbpw- ]tabw-,- ]Zm¿-

Y-m-Xo-Xam-b H∂n-s\°p-dn-®p- k¶¬-]n-°p-hm≥- t]m-epw-

kvYeIm-e ss\c¥cy-Øn-s≥-d _\v-[\Øn-ep-≈ a\p-jy-[n-

jW°v- Ign-bn-√.- ]t£,- Aßs\sbm-cp- Akv-Xn-Xz-ap-s≠∂v-

Ahs≥-d a\ v- Aht\m-Sv- a¥n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.- At∏mƒ-

]co£W\n-co-£Wßfn-eq-sS kjv-Sm-hn-s≥-d kØsbtbm-

kz- m-hsØtbm-Ip-dn-®v- Adn-bm≥- Ign-bn-√.- Bcm-[y-s\bpw- ]Xn-

ê\m-fn-s\bpw- Ip-dn-® At\z-jWØn-s≥-d Ahkv-Ybpw- CXp-

Xs∂bm-Wv.- ]n-s∂ Chsb°p-dn-®dn-bm-\p-≈ am¿-Ksa¥m-Wv?-

AXv- kjv-Sm-hv- \ap-°v- Adn-bn-®p-Xcn-IXs∂ thWw.- AX√m

sX a‰v- am¿-Kßfn-√.- AsXßs\ km-[n-°pw-?- kv-YeØn-\pw-

Im-eØn-\pw- AXo-X\m-b kjv-Sm-hv- kz-bw-]Xy-£s∏´p-sIm≠v-

Cu- Im-cy-ßƒ- ]d™p-Xcm-\m-bn- a\p-jy¿-°n-Sbnte°v- Cdßn-

bm¬- kv-YeIm-e_\v-[Øn¬- AIs∏ń-cn-°p-∂ a\p-jy-akv-Xn-

jv-IØn-\v- Dƒ-s°m-≈m≥- Ign-bn-√.- kjv-Sm-hn¬-\n-∂v- at‰sX¶n-

epw- hgn-°v- a\p-jy¿-°v- ⁄m-\w- e`n-°p-Itb \n¿-hm-lap-≈q.-

Aßs\ h√ ⁄m-\hpw- a\p-jy-\v- h∂p-In-ń-bn-´p-t≠m?-

kjv-Smhn-s\bpw- Bcm-[y-s\bpw- ]Xn-ê\m-fn-s\bpw- Ip-dn®v-

h√ t_m-[hpw- am-\hcm-in-°v- AhXcn-°s∏ń-´p-t≠m?-

˛\ap-°v- ]cn-tim-[n-°mw-˛



ssZhZq-X∑m-cp-sS ktµiw-

kjv-Sm-hn-s\bpw- Bcm-[y-s\bpw- ]Xn-êthZn-sbbpw- Ip-

dn-®v- \n-c¥cam-bn- At\z-jWw- \SØn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂ am-\hcm-

in-°v- ap-∂n¬- ]Xy-£s∏´p-sIm-≠v- Hcp- a\p-jy≥- ]dbp-∂p:

""\n-ßƒ- Adn-bm-\m-Kln-°p-∂ hkv-Xp-XIsf°p-dn-®v- F\n-

°v- Pv-Rm-\w- \¬-Is∏ń-cn-°p-∂p.- Cu- tem-IsØ kr-jv-Sn-®v- ]cn-

]m-en-°p-∂ ssZham-Wv- F\n-°v- Pv-Rm-\w- \¬-In-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv.-

\n-ßƒ- Bcm-[n-t°≠Xv- k¿-htem-Ic£n-Xm-hm-b B ssZh

sØ am-Xam-Ip-∂p.- ssZhØn-s≥-d hn-[n-hn-e°p-Iƒ- A\p-kcn®v-

Po-hn-°p-Ibm-Wv- a\p-jy-kap-Zm-bØn-s≥-d c£m-am¿-Kw.- a\pjy

≥- acWs∏Sp-∂tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn- Ahs≥-d Po-hn-Xahkm-\n-°p-∂n-√.-

im-iz-Xam-b Hcp- ]ctem-I Po-hn-Xw- hcm-\n-cn-°p-t∂bp-≈q.- kXy-

hn-izm-kn-Ifp-sS BKlßfpw- A`n-em-jßfpw- ]Xo-£Ifpw-

k¶¬-]ßfpw- km-£m-Xv-Icn-°s∏Sp-∂Xv- B tem-IØn¬-

sh®m-bn-cn-°pw.- \∑Iƒ-°pw- Xn-∑Iƒ-°pw- B thZn-bn¬- sh®v-

X°Xm-b ]Xn-êw- \¬-Is∏Sp-∂Xm-bn-cn-°pw.- AXn-\m¬-

ssZhØn-s≥-d hn-[n-hn-e°p-Iƒ- A\p-kcn-®v- Po-hn-®p-sIm-≠v- hcm-

\ncn-°p-∂ im-iz-Xku-`m-Kyw- A\p-`hn-°p-hm≥- kPv-Pcm-hp-I''-

CXm-bn-cp-∂p- ap-gp-h≥- ssZhZq-X∑m-cpw- ]d™Xv.- ssZhZqX

∑m-cp-sS Cu- hN\ßƒ- bm-Ym¿-Yy-am-tWm?- \mw- Ahbn¬- hniz-

knt°≠Xp-t≠m?-

Hcp- Im-cy-ap-d∏m-Wv,- a\p-jy-Pn-⁄m--kbp-sS kzm- m-hn-I tNmZy-

ßƒ-°v- CX√m-sX as‰m-cp-Øcw- \¬-Is∏ń- n-√.- kjv-Sm-hv- Adn-

bn-®p-Xcn-Ib√m-sX Cu- ]iv-\ßƒ-°p-≈ DØcw- Is≠Øm-

\m-bn- as‰m-cp- am¿-Khp-an-s√∂v- \ap-°dn-bmw.- F¶n¬- Cu- DØcw-

hm-kv-Xham-tWm-sb∂v- ]cn-tim-[t°≠ _m-[y-X \ap-s°√mw-

Ct√?- Xo¿-®bm-bpw!

BZy-am-bn- ]cn-tim-[nt°≠Xv- \Ωtfm-Sn-°m-cyw- ]d™

ssZhZq-Xs≥-d hy-Iv-Xn-Xz-°p-dn-®m-Wv.- Abmƒ- Ifhp- ]dbp-

∂h\m-tWm?- P\h©I\m-tWm?- kzm¿-Y-n-bm-tWm?- ssZhZq-X∑m-

cp-sS Po-hn-Xw- ]cn-tim-[n-°p∂ Gh¿-°pw- t_m-[y-s∏Sp-∂ Hcp-

hkv-Xp-Xbp-≠v.-- Ahsc FXn¿-°p-Ibpw- \m-ń¬-\n-∂v- Bń-∏p-

dØm-°p-Ibpw- sIm-es∏Sp-Øm≥- X¥ßfm-hn-jv-Icn-°p-Ibpw-

sNbv-Xh¿- Xs∂ Ahcp-sS Po-hn-XØn-s≥-d ]cn-ip-≤n- Aw-Ko-

Icn-°p-∂hcm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂Xm-WXv.- Ahcp-sSsb√mw- ap-gp-h≥-

Po-hn-Xhpw- kXy-k\v-[X,- tijv-TNn-¥,- k∑m¿-K\n-jvT,- ]cn-

ip-≤]IrXn,- D¬-Irjv-Sm-Z¿-iw,- Db¿-∂ a\p-jy-Xzw F∂n-h°v-

DZm-Øam-XrIbm-bn-cp-∂p.- Ahcp-sS Po-hn-XØn-s≥-d hnhn-[ cw-

Kßfn-sehn-sSsb¶n-epw- Hcp- \yq-\X I≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥- ka Im-

en-Icm-b ]Xn-tbm-Kn-Iƒs°m-∂pw- Ign-™n-s√∂ hkv-Xp-X

Xs∂ Ah¿- FXam-Xw- ]cn-ip-≤cm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v- hy-Iv-Xam-

°p-∂p-≠v.-

ssZhZq-X∑m-cm-cpw- Xs∂ kz-m-¿-Y-n-Ifm-bn-cp-∂n-√.- Ahcp-sS

hm-°p-Ifn-tem- ]h¿-Ø\ßfn-tem- H∂pw- kz-m¿-Y-Xbp-sS Aw

iw-t]m-epw- Is≠Øm-\m-¿-°pw- Ign-™n-cp-∂n√.- Ah¿- kz-bw-

Ijv-S\jv-Sßƒ kln-®pw- A\y-cp-sS t£ssaiz-cy-ßƒ-°p-

th≠n- bv-X\n-®hcm-bn-cp-∂p.- Ahcp-sS ]t_m-[\Ncn-Xw- Xs∂

CXn-\p-≈ sXfn-hm-Wv.- Ah¿- Ijv-S\jv-Sßƒ- kln-®Xpw,- \m-

ń¬- \n-t∂m-Sn-°s∏´Xpw- Iq- p-Ip-Spw-_m-Zn-Ifm¬- Xy-Pn-°s∏´Xpw-

]o-U\ßƒ-°v- hn-t[bam-°s∏SXp-sa√mw- F¥n-\p-th≠n-bm-bn-

cp-∂p?- B kaq-lw- \∂m-Ip-hm≥- th≠n.- Ah¿- im-iz-Xhn-Pbw-

t\Sp-∂Xn-∂p-th≠n-.- Ahcn¬-\n-∂v- ssZhZq-X∑m¿-°v- u-Xn-Iam-

bn- H∂pw- e`n-®n-cp-∂n-√.- am-Xhp-a√ kaq-lØn-s≥-d ]m-cºcy-

hn-izm-kßƒ-s°Xn-scbp-≈ Ahcp-sS ]t_m-[\w- \n¿-Øn

bm¬- \n¿-Øn-bm-¬- am-Xw- ù-Xn-Iam-b ]ehn-[t\´ßfpw- Ah¿-

c-≠v-

ssZhZq-X∑m-cp-sS ktµiw- 29


°v- hmKv-Zm-\w- sNøs∏ń-cp-∂p.- cm-Py-Øn-s≥-d A[n-Im-cw.- kpµcn-

Ifm-b kv-Xo-Iƒ.- Cjv-Sw-t]m-se kºØv-.- CsX√mw- Xy-Pn-®p-

sIm-≠v- apƒ-°n-co-SØn-s≥-d am-¿-Kw- sXcs™Sp-Ø ]hmN

I∑m¿- kzm¿-∞n-Ifm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v- Ncn-XIm-c∑mcm-cpw- Xs∂

C∂p-hsc ]d™n- n-√.- kz-¥am-b F√mw- hen-s®dn-™p-sIm≠v-

kaq-lØn-s≥-d im-iz-Xhn-PbØn-∂p-th≠n- ]h¿-Øn-®hcm-bn-

cp-∂p- Ah¿- F∂¿-Y-w.-

ssZhZqX∑m-cm-cpw- Xs∂,- kaq-lØn-se Bscsb¶n-epw-

h©n-®Xm-bn- Ncn-Xw- ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂n-√.- Ah¿- hm-Kv-Zm-\]m-eIcpw-

kXy-w- ]dbp-∂hcp-am-bn-cp-∂p.- Ahcp-sS ]IrXn- ]cn-ip-≤am-

bn-cp-∂p.- F√m- ]iv-\ßfn-epw- kao-]\ßfn-epw- EPp-hpw- tijv-

T-hpw- kw-ibcln-Xhp-am-b am¿-Kam-bn-cp-∂p- Ah¿- kzo-Icn-®n-

cp-∂Xv.- kaq-lØn-\v- km-tcm-]tZißƒ- \¬-Ip-I am-Xa√,- Ah

kz-Po-hn-XØn¬- ]I¿-Øn-°m-Wn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I Iq-Sn sNbv-Xn-

cp-∂p- Ah¿.-

Cu- kz`m-hsshin-jv-Snßsf√m-w Xs∂,- Ah¿- ]dbp-∂Xv-

AkXy-am-Im≥- km-[y-Xbn-s√∂v- hy-Iv-Xam-°m≥- t]m-∂Xm-bn-

cp-∂p.- kz-¥am-bn- I≈tam- h©\tbm- kzm¿Y-Xtbm- io-en-®n-

ń-√m-Ø Hcmƒ- Xym-Kßƒ- kln-®p-sIm-≠v- kaqlØn¬- Hcp-

"]®°≈w'- ]Ncn-∏n-°m-\p-≈ km-[y-X FXam-Xw- hn-Zq-camWv!

CXn-ep-]cn- ]hm-NI∑m-cm-sW∂Xn-\v- hy-Iv-Xam-b Aam-\p-

jn-IZrjv-Sm-¥ßfpw- Ah¿-°v- \¬-Is∏ń-cp-∂p.- kaq-lØn-s≥d

_p-≤n-]chpw- sshPv-Rm-\n-Ihp-am-b Ign-hp-Isf sh√phn-fn°p-

∂Xm-bn-cp-∂p- ]kv-Xp-X Aam-\p-jn-IZrjv-Sm-¥ßƒ-.- Ahbv-°p-

ap-∂n¬- kaq-lw- ap-´p-Ip-Øn.- tam-si ]hm-NIs≥-d,- ssZhI¬-

]\ ]Im-cw- \n-eØn- m¬- ]m-ºm-Ip-∂ hSn-°p-ap-∂n¬- A∂sØ

kIehn-[ Pm-ehn-Zy-°m-cpw- tXm¬-hn- kΩXn-®p.- tbip- Im-Wn®

acn-®hsc Db¿-Øp-I Xp-Sßn-b Aam-\p-jn-I Ign-hpIƒ°p-ap-

∂n¬- A∂sØ kIehn-[ Nn-In¬-kI∑m-cpw-- tXm¬-hn- kΩXn-

®p- ap-´p-aS°n.- Cßs\ hnhn-[ kaq-lßfnte°v- \n-bp-Iv-Xcmb

]hm-NI∑m-¿-°v- kaq-lØn-s≥-d hf¿-®°\p-kcn-® Zrjv-Sm

¥ßƒ- \¬-Is∏´p.- Xßƒ- kjv-Sm-hpw- k¿-h-iIv-X\p-am-b

ssZhØn-s≥-d ]hm-NI∑m-cm-sW∂Xn-\p-≈ hy-Iv-Xam-b sXfn-

hp-Ifm-bn-cp-∂p- Ah.-

Cu- ]hm-NI]cºc°v- am-\hkap-Zm-bØn-s≥-d D¬-]-Øn-

ap-X¬- Xs∂ Xp-S°w- Ip-dn-°s∏ń-´p-≠v.- ssZhw- aÆn¬- \n-∂v-

a\p-jy-s\bpw- Ah\n¬-\n-∂v- Xs≥-d CWtbbpw- krjv-Sn-®p.-

ssZhØn-s≥-d hn-e°p-Iƒ- ]m-en-°m-sX ]n-im-Nn-s≥-d Zp¿-t_m-

[\ßƒ-°v- hiw-hZcm-bn- hn-e°s∏´ I\n- Xn-∂Xn-\m¬- kz¿

Ktem-IØn-¬ -\n-∂pw- ]p-dØm-°s∏´ BZy-ZºXn-Iƒ- sNbv-X

Ip-‰w- Ahcp-sS ]iv-Nm-Øm-]w- sIm-≠v- ssZhw- s]m-dp-Øp-sIm-

Sp-Øp.- AXn-∂p-tijw- q-an-bnte°b°s∏´ Ahcp-sS k¥Xn-

Iƒ-°v- DZv-t_m-[\w- \SØm-\p-≈ _m-[y-X BZn-a\p-jy-\m-b

BZan¬- cta¬-]-n-°s∏´p.- At±lw- Xs≥-d k¥Xn-Itfm-Sv- ""Cu-

kakv-X ]]©Øn-s≥-dbpw- kjv-Sm-hv- GI\m-b ssZham-

sW∂pw- Ah≥- am-Xam-Wv- Bcm-[\Iƒ-°¿-ls\∂pw- Ahs≥d

hn-[n-hn-e°p-Iƒ- ]m-en-°p-∂h¿-°v- acWm-\¥cPo-hn-XØn¬-

c£bp-s≠∂pw- A\p-kcn-°m-Øh¿-°v- in-£ e`n-°p-sa∂pw-''-

]Tn-∏n-®p.- CXm-Wv- ]hm-NIXz-Øn-s≥-d Xp-S°w-.-

BZan-s≥-d k¥Xn-Iƒ- s]cp-In.- ]ecpw- Xßfp-sS ]n-Xm-hm

b BZan-s≥-d am¿-Kw- ]n-¥p-S¿-∂p.- GI\m-b ssZhsØ am-Xw-

Bcm-[n-®p- Ahs≥-d hn-[n-hn-e°p-Isf A\p-kcn-®p.- ImeIa

Øn¬- Ahkv-Y am-dn.- ho-cm-cm-[\bn¬- \n-∂m-Wv- kaq-lØns≥d

hgn-tISn-\v- Xp-S°w Ip-dn-°s∏´Xvv.- kaq-lØn-se D∂X∑mcpw-

kZv-hrØcp-am-b ]n-Xm-°tfm-Sp-≈ _lpam-\w- Ahsc ]q-Pn-°p

∂Xn-te°pw- Ahtcm-Sv - klm-bßf¿-Y-n -°p-∂Xnte°pw-

Aßs\ Ahscsb√mw- Bcm-[y-∑m-cm-bn- ]Xn-jv-Tn-°p-∂Xn

te°pw- a\p-jy-sc FØn-®p.- CtXm-sSm-∏w- Xs∂ ]IrXn-iIv-

Xn-Itfm-Sp-≈ Bcm-[\m- at\m- m-hhpw- hf¿-∂p-h∂n-cp-∂p.- kqcy-

Nµ\£Xßsfbpw- Im-‰v,- CSn-an-∂¬,- kap-Zw- F∂n-hsbbpw-

acßsfbpw- arKßsfbpw- t]m-epw- Bcm-[n-°p-∂ Ahkv-Ybp-

≠m-bn.- ]IrXn- iIvXn-Iƒ-s°√mw- ]n-∂n¬- ]tXy-Iw- ]tXyIw-

ssZhßsf k¶¬-]n-®p.- ho-cm-cm-[\bpw- ]IrXn-]q-Pbpw- krjv-

Sn-® sshcp-[-y-ßƒ- kaq-lØn¬- hn-≈ep-Ifp-≠m-°n.- H´\h[n-

Bcm-[y-∑m-cpw- Bcm-[\m- kºZm-bßfpap-≠m-bn.- kaq-lw- n∂n-

®p-.- hy-Xy-kv-X aXßfp-≠m-bn.- BZan-s≥-d k¥Xn-Iƒ- hy-Xy-

30 ssZhZq-X∑m-cp-sS ktµiw- 31


kv-X tZißfn-te°v- Ip-Sn-tbdn.- Ahn-Sßfn-se√mw- cm-jv-Sßfp-

≠m-bn.- Hscm-‰ am-Xm-]n-Xm-°fp-sS a°ƒ- Xs∂ hn-hn-[ cm-jv-

Sßfpw- kap-Zm-bßfp-am-bn- cq-]m-¥cs∏´p.- Hm-tcm- kap-Zm-bØn-

\pw- ]tXy-I aXhpw- Bcm-[m-\m-kºZm-bßfpap-≠m-bn.- Bcm-

[y-∑m¿- Gsdbp-≠m-bt∏mƒ- bYm¿-Y-Øn-ep-≈ Bcm-[y-\m-b

GIssZhsØ Ah¿- ad∂p.- AtXm-sSm-∏w- Xs∂ kzm- m-hnIam-

bpw- ssZhØn-s≥-d hn-[n-hn-e°p-Iƒ- i≤n-°m-\h¿-°v- kaban

√msXbm-bn.- kaq-lw- Zp¿-hrØn-Ifn-epw- Zp-cm-Nm-cßfn-epw- s]´p-

\´w- Xn-cn-™p.-

CØcw- Ahkv-YIfn¬- ssZhw- Hmtcm- kaq-lØnte°pw-

kXy-sØ ]t_m-[\w-sNøm≥- th≠n- Zq-X∑m-sc Ab®p.- Xß

fp-sS kaq-lØns≥-d hgntISn-s\°p-dn-®v- Ah¿- kz-kap-Zm-bsØ

t_m-[hm-∑m-cm-°n.-- kIe ]]©Øn-s≥-dbpw- kjv-Sm-hpw- kw

c£I\pam-b GIssZhsØ am-Xsa- Bcm-[n-°m≥- ]m-Sp-≈q-

sh∂pw- a‰p- hkv-Xp-°sf√mw- ssZhØn-s≥-d krjv-Sn-Ifm

sW∂pw- Ah¿- kaq-lsØ DZv-t_m-[n-∏n-®p.- Zp¿-hrØn-Ifn¬-

\n-∂pw- Zp-cm-Nm-cßfn¬-\n-∂pw- Ah¿- kaq-lsØ XS™p.-

ssZh]o-Xn- e£y-am-°n- Po-hn-°m≥- Ah¿- P\ßtfm-Sm-lzm-\w-

sNbv-Xp.- acWm-\¥c Po-hn-XsØ°p-dn-®v- Ah¿- kaq-lØn-\v-

ap-∂dn-bn-∏v- \¬-In.- ssZhØn-s≥-d hn-[n-hn-e°p-Iƒ- A\p-kcn-

®p-sIm-≠v- Po-hn-°p-∂h¿-°v- ]ctem-IØp-sh®v- kp-Jkºq¿

Wam-b Po-hn-Xhpw- Ah AhKWn-°p-∂h¿-°v- Im-Tn-\y-tadn-b

in-£bp-ap-s≠∂v- Ah¿- am-\hcm-in-sb Adn-bn-®p.-

tem-IØv- Fhn-sSsb√mw- a\p-jy-cp-t≠m- Ahn-sSsb√mw-

ap∂dn-bn-∏p-Im-c\m-b ssZhZq-Xs≥-d BKa\hpw- \S∂n-´p-≠v.-

ssZhZq-Xs≥-d \n-tbm-Kan-√m-Ø Hscm-‰ kaq-lhpw- Ign-™p-t]m-

bn-ń-√.- skan-‰n-Iv- hw-ißfn¬- am-Xa√ C¥y°m¿-°n-Sbn-epw-

B^n-°°m¿-°n-Sbn-epsa√mw- ssZhZq-X∑m¿- \n-bp-Iv-Xcm-bn-´p-

≠v.- Chsc√m-hcpw- ]t_m-[\w-sNbv-X XØ-zw- ASn-kv-Ym-\]cam

bn- H∂p-Xs∂bm-bn-cp-∂p- GIssZhm-cm-[\bpw Zn-hy-ktµi ]cn

I¬-]\bpw-- ]ctem-hn-izm-khpw-˛Chsc√m-hcpw- ]t_m-[\w-

sNbv-X aXam-Wv- Ckv-em-w.- t\m-lbpw- A_lm-apw- bm-t°m_pw-

tbm-\m-bpw- tam-sibpw- tbip-hpw- ap-lΩZpw- am-Xa√ tem-IØn-

te°v- h∂ ]hm-NI∑m¿- ap-gp-h≥- am-\hcm-in-sb ]Tn-∏n-®Xv-

F¥m-tWm- AXm-Wv- GIssZhcm-[m-\bpw- Ah∂p-≈ ka¿∏

Whpw- AYhm- Ckv-emw.- ASn-kv-Ym-\]cam-bn- Htc XØ-z-ßƒ-

Xs∂bm-Wv- ]hm-NI∑m¿- ]Tn-∏n-®n-cp-∂Xv.- F∂m¬,- I¿-a]cn-

]m-SnIƒ-°v- Im-eL´Øn-\pw- km-aq-ln-Ikm-lNcy-Øn-\pw- A\p-

krXam-bn- A¬-]kz¬-]w- hy-Xym-kßfp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-.- F¶n-epw-

Ahbp-sSsb√mw- Bflm-hv- H∂p-Xs∂bm-bn-cp-∂p.- GIssZhmcm-

[\bn-e[n-jv-Tn-Xam-bn-cp-∂p- Ahsb√mw- Xs∂.- P\ßfn¬- kXy-

k\v-[Xbpw- BXv-am¿-∞Xbpw- hf¿-Øn- ]ctem-IØn-se in£

bn¬-\n-∂v- Ahsc tam-Nn-∏n-°p-Ibpw- c£bv-°p-th≠n- ]m-]v-Xcm

°p-Ibpw- sNøp-Ibmbn-cp-∂p Cu- \n-ba\n¿-tZißfp-sSbpw- I¿-

a]cn-]m-Sn-Ifp-sSbpsa√mw- e£yw.-

P\ßfp-sS tam-N\Øn-s≥-d- ktµiam-Wv- ]hm-NI∑m¿- Ah

¿-°v- ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-ØXv.- Ahcp-sS imiz-Xhn-PbØn-\p-≈ am¿

Kam-Wv- ssZhZq-X∑m¿- Im-Wn-®p-sImSp-ØXv.- Ahsc tam£

Ønte°v-\bn-°m-\m-Wv- ]hm-NI∑m¿- \n-bp-Iv-Xcm-bXvv-.- ]t£,-

P\ßƒ- ]hm-NI∑m-sc ]e hn-[Øn-ep-w-- D]Zhn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-

∂p.- Im-cWap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- Xßfp-sS ]m-cºcy-hn-izm-kØn-s\Xn-

cm-bn-´m-Wv- ]hm-NI∑m¿- cw-KØp-h∂n-´p-≈Xvv-.- Ah¿-°v- ]dbm-

\p-≈Xv- GIssZhsØ am-Xam-Wv- Bcm-[n-t°≠Xvv- F∂m-Wv;-

ssZhn-Iam¿-K\n¿-tZißƒ-°\p-kcn-®p-≈ Po-hn-Xam-Wv- ]ctem-

Itam-£Øn-\v- \n-Zm-\sa∂m-Wv.- CXv- Ip- n-ssZhßsfbpw- I√dI

sfbpw- hym-PssZhßsfbpw- CSbm-f∑m-scbpw- hn-Klßsfbp

sa√mw- shSn-bp-∂ Ahkv-Ybnte°m-Wv- P\ßsf \bn-°p-I.-

At∏mƒ- Cu- ssZhßfp-sS kz-¥°m-cm-bn- kz-bw- Ahtcm-[n

Xcm-hp-Ibpw- ssZhßfp-sS t]cn¬- a\p-jy-sc am-\kn-Iam-bn-

ASn-aIfm-°n-sh°p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xn-cp-∂ ]u-tcm-ln-Xy-Øn-\v-

]kIv-Xnbp-≠m-hp-Ibn-√.- GI\m-b ssZhsØam-Xam-Wv- Bcm

[n-t°≠sX¶n-¬-,- Aht\m-Sv- t\cn-´v- ]m¿-Yn-°m-sa¶n¬-,- Ah≥-

k¿-hiIv-X\p-am-sW¶n¬- ]n-s∂ ]u-tcm-ln-Xy-Øn-\pw- CSbm-

f∑m¿-°p-sa¥m-Wv- ]kIv-Xn?- CXp- a\ n-em-°n-b ]u-tcm-ln

Xyw- P\ßsf ]£p-_v-[cm-°n.- ]m-cºcy- hn-tcm-[n-Ifpw- ]ucm-

Wn-I∑m-sc X≈n-∏dbp-∂hcp-am-Wv- ]hm-NI∑m-sc∂ [m-cWbp-



≠m-°n-s°m-≠v- km-[m-cW°m-sc Ah¿-s°Xn-sc ]tIm-]nXcm-

°n- hn-´p.- ]et∏m-gpw- A[n-Im-ch¿-Khpw- ]u-tcm-ln-Xy-Øn-\v- Iq-

´p-\n-∂p.- GI\m-b ssZhØn-\p-ap-∂n¬- ]W°m-c\pw- ]Wn-°m-

c\pw- A[n-Im-cn-Ifpw- ]PIfp-sa√mw- ka≥-am-cm-sW∂p-h∂m¬-

]n-s∂ Xßƒ-°v- P∑m-hIm-iam-bn-°n- n-b A[n-Im-cØn-s≥-d Hu-

∂Xy-Øn-\v- A¿-Y-ap-≠m-hp-Ibn-s√∂h¿- IW°p-Iq-ń.- ]ctem-

Itam-£Øn-\v- ssZhZq-X∑m¿- ]dbp-∂ am¿-Kam-Wv- D]bp-Iv-

Xsa∂v-h∂m¬- Xßƒ- sNøp-∂ tXm-∂nhm-kßƒ-°v- Acp- \n¬-

°p-hm≥- Asf°n-´p-Ibn-s√∂h¿- a\ n-em-°n.- Aßs\ A[n-

Im-cn-h¿-Khpw- ]u-tcm-ln-Xy-hpw- Iq-Sn- ]hm-NI∑m-scbpw- Ah¿-

]Tn-∏n-® XXz-ßsfbpw- \in-∏n-°m-\m-bn- kIehn-[ X¥ßfpw-

]b‰n.- AIaßfgn-®p-hn-´p.- ]tem-`\ßƒ- \SØn.- ]e ]hm

NI∑m-cpw- h[n-°s∏´p.- Nn-e¿- _ln-jv-Icn-°s∏´p.- a‰p- Nn-e¿-

Bń-tbm-Sn-°s∏´p.- Po-ht\m-sS \n¿-Øn- Cu¿-®hm-fp-sIm-≠v- \Sp-

sh tOZn-®Xpw- ico-cam-kIew- Ccp-ºp- No¿-∏p-sIm-≠v- hm¿-∂v-

tNm-csbm-en-∏n-®Xp-sa√mw- P\ßƒ-°v- tam N\Øn-s≥-d am¿-Kw-

Im-Wn-®p-sIm-Sp-Øp-sh∂ GIIm-cWØm-em-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v-

a\ n-em-°p-tºm-gm-Wv- kXy-aX]t_m-[\Øn-\m-bn- ]hm-

NI∑m-¿- FXam-Xw- XymKßƒ- kln-®p-sh∂v- \ap-°v- a\ n-

em-°m≥- Ign-bp-I.-

Cu- AIaßsfm-∂pw- kXy-am¿-KØn-s≥-d ktµi]NmcW

Øn¬- \n-∂v- ssZhØn-s≥-d DØaZm-k∑m-sc ]n-¥n-cn-∏n-°m≥-

]cym-]v-Xa√m-bn-cp-∂p.- CØcw- ]Xn-_\v-[ßsfsb√mw- XrWh

¬-KWn-®p-sIm-≠v- ]hm-NI∑m¿- Xßƒ- G¬-]-n-°s∏´ Zu-Xyw-

\n¿-hln-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.- kaq-lØn-s≥-d FXn¿-∏v- hIsh°m-

sX kXymt\z-jn-Iƒ- Iq- w-Iq- am-bn- Cu- kXyaXØn¬- tN¿∂p.-

hen-bhen-b P\kap-Zm-bßƒ- Xs∂ ssZhn-Iam¿KZ¿-i\Øn-

s≥-d sIm-Sn-°o-gn¬- AWn-\n-c∂p.- Ahn-sS hy-Iv-Xam-b c≠p-

tNcn-Ifp-≠m-bn.- H∂,-v- kjv-Sm-hm-b ssZhsØ am-Xw- Bcm-[n

°p-Ibpw- Ahs≥-d am¿-K\n¿-tZißƒ- ]n≥-]‰p-Ibpw- sNøp

∂h¿.- c≠v-,- ssZhsØ Iq-Sm-sX a‰p- ]eXn-s\bpw- Bcm-[n-°p-

Ibpw- Ahs≥d am¿-KZ¿-i\sØ AhKWn-°p-Ibpw- sNøp-

∂h¿.- CXn¬- c≠m-asØ tNcn- H∂m-asØ tNcn-sb \in-∏n°m-

\m-bn- ian-®t∏mƒ- Ch ][m-\s∏´ c≠p- kaq-lßfm-bn- cq]m-

¥cs∏´p.- H∂m-asØ kaq-lw- ssZhn-I am¿-KZ¿-i\ßƒ- kzo-

Icn-°p-∂Xn-\m¬- Ah¿- kXy-aXw- kzo-Icn-°p-∂hcm-bn-.- AYhm-

ap-kv-enw-Ifm-bn.- c≠m-asØ kaq-lw- ssZhn-I am¿-KZ¿-i\ßƒ-

AhKWn-®Xn-\m¬- Ah¿- kXy-\ntj[n-Ifm-bn.-- AYhm- Im- ndp-

Ifm-bn.-

CXm-Wv- Ckv-em-an-s≥-d kap-Zm-b k¶¬-]-w.- Ad_n- m-jbn¬-

Ckv-emw- F∂ ]ZØn-s≥-d A¿-Y-w- ka¿-∏Ww,- Io-gv-hW°w

Fs∂m-s°bm-Wv.- kam-[m-\w,- c£ F∂o- Bibßfpw- B

]ZØn¬- ASßn-bn-´p-≠v.- k¿-hiIvX\m-b kjv-Sm-hn-\v- k¿h

kz-hpw- ka¿-∏n-°p-I hgn-bp-≈ kam-[m-\Øn-s≥-dbpw- c£bpsS

bpw- ]m-Xbnte°p-≈ ]bm-Wam-Wv- Ckv-emw- F∂v- ]dbmw.- k¿

hiIv-X≥- ]hm-NI∑m-cn-eq-sS AhXcn-∏n-® Ckv-emw- kzo-Icn-

°p-∂h\m-Wv- ap-kv-enw.- AXv- [n-°cn-°p-∂h≥- Ckv-em-an-s≥-d

hrØØn-\v- ]p-dØm-Wv.- P∑a√ hn-izm-khpw- I¿-aßfp-am-Wv-

a\p-jy-sc ap-kv-en-apw- Aap-kv-en-ap-am-°n-Øo¿-°p-∂Xv.- kXy-hn-

izm-kn-Ifm-b am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ-°v- P\n-°p-∂ Ip-™v,- ssZh[n-

°m-cØn-s≥-d am¿-KamWv- ]n-¥p-Scp-∂sX¶n¬- Ah≥- Ckv-eman-

\p- ]p-dØm-Wv.- Ahn-izm-kn-Ifm-b am-Xm-]n-Xm-°fp-sS Ip-ń,-

ssZhØn-\v- kz-bw- ka¿-∏n-°m-\pw- ]hm-NI∑m¿- ]Tn-∏n-® ]mX

]n-¥p-Scm-\pw- k∂≤am-hp-Ibm-sW¶n¬- Ckv-em-an-Ikaq-lØn-

se Aw-Kam-Wv.- ]S®Xºp-cm-\v- kºq¿-Wam-bpw- ka¿-∏n-°m≥-

k∂≤cm-b kPv-P\ßfp-sS Iq- m-bv-abm-Wv- ap-kv-enw- kap-Zm-bw.-

AX√m-sX ap-kv-enw- \m-aßfp-≈ am-Xm-]n-Xm-°fp-sS a°fm-bn-

]n-d∂ Ip-sd a\p-jy-cpsS HØptNce√.-

]hm-NI∑m¿- ]t_m-[\w- sNbv-X aXØn-\v- Ahcp-sS

Po-hn-XIm-eØn-\p-tijw- Gsd°m-ew- \n-e\n¬-∏p-≠m-bn-√.-

Ahcp-sS ]n≥-Km-an-Iƒ- Xs∂ ]hm-NI∑m-cp-sS in-£W\n¿-

tZißsf am-‰n-adn-®p.- Ah¿- sIm-≠p-h∂ ssZhn-IK\v-Yßfn¬-

kz-¥w- hIbm-bn- ]eXcw- Bibßƒ- ISØn-°q- n.- Nn-e¿- ]hm

NI∑m-sc ssZhm-hXm-cßfm-bn- ]Xn-jv-Tn-®p.- a‰p- Nn-e¿- ]hm

NI∑m-¿- ssZh]p-X∑m-cm-sW∂v- hm-Zn-®p.- thsd Nn-e¿- ]hm

NI∑m¿- ssZhn-Ihy-Iv-Xn-Xz-Øn-se BfXz-am-sW∂v- ]d™p.-



Cßs\ k¿-hiIv-Xs\b√m-sX a‰m-scbpw- Bcm-[n-°p-hm≥- ]m-

Sn-s√∂v- ]d™ ]hm-NI∑m-scØs∂ ]q-Pn-°p-Isb∂ sshcp-

[-y-Øn-\m-Wv- a\p-jy-Ncn-Xw- km-£yw- \n¬-°p-∂Xv.- ]hm

NI∑m¿- ]Tn -∏n -® I¿-am -\p -jv -Tm -\ßsfbpw- \n -ba\n¿-

tZißsfbpw- Ahcp-sS "A\p-bm-bnIƒ'- Xs∂ Zp-jn-∏n-®p-

If™p.- ]eXcw- aq--Vm-Nm-cßfpw- Zp¿-\S]Sn-Ifpw- aXØn-s≥d

t]cn¬- Ah¿- \n-¿-an-®p \S∏m-°n.- sI´p-IYIfpw- hym-tPXn-lm-

kßfpw- Iq-ń-°e¿-Øn-s°m-≠v- Ip-sd an-Øp-Isf krjv-Sn-®v-

Ahbv-s°√mw- Bcm-[\If¿-∏n-°p-∂ Ahkv-Ybp-≠m-bn.-

Aßs\ kXy-hpw- AkXy-hpw- Iq-Sn-°p-g™ cq-]Øn-em-bn.-

]hm-NI≥- ]Tn-∏n-® hn-izm-km-Nm-cßtfXm-sW∂pw- ]n¬-°m-

eØv- Iq-ń-t®¿-°s∏´sX¥m-sW∂pw- hn-thNn-®dn-bm≥- Igbm-

sXbm-bn.- At∏mƒ- ho-≠pw- ssZhw- Zq-X∑m-sc \n-tbmKn-®p.- Ah¿-

kaq-lsØ D≤cn-°m≥- ian-®p.- kXy-Øn-s≥-d ktµiw-

P\ßƒ-s°Øn-®p.- ]ecpw- shfn-®Ønte°p-h∂p.- tam-£w-

t\Sn.- a‰p- Nn-e¿- A\v-[X ]p¬-In- Ahn-izm-kn-Ifm-bn-.- Cu-

NIw- Bh¿-Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.-

]hm-NI∑m¿- F√m- kaq-lßfn-te°pw- \n-tbm-Kn-°s∏ń´p-

s≠∂v- \mw- a\ n-em-°n.- Ahcn¬- Hm-tcm-cp-Øcp-sSbpw- ]t_m

[\ Zu-Xyw- kz-kap-Zm-bØn¬- am-Xw- HXp-ßn-\n-∂p.- kap-Zm-

bßƒ- XΩn¬- C∂sØt∏m-ep-≈ _\v-[ßtfm- ASp-∏tam- C√m-

Xn-cp-∂ A°m-eØv- AXv- am-Xam-bn-cp-∂p- ]m-tbm-Kn-Iam-b

\S]Sn.- Htc Im-ebfhn¬- Xs∂ hy-Xy-kv-X kaq-lßfn¬- Pohn-

® hy-Xy-kv-cm-b ]hm-NI∑m-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v- Ncn-Xw- hy-Iv-

X-am-°p-∂p-≠v.-

]hm-NI∑m-sc√m-hcpw- tem-IØn-\p- ap-gp-h\pw- kzo-Icn-°m≥-

]‰p-∂ ktµißfp-am-bn- IS∂p-hcm-\n-cn-°p-∂ Hcp- alm-]hm-

NIs\°p-dn-®v- Zo¿-LZ¿-i\w- \SØn-bn-´p-≠v.- Xßfp-sS Zu-Xyw-

Hcp- ]tXy-I tZiØn-setbm- kaq-lØnsetbm- a\p-jy-tcm-Sv-

am-Xam-sW∂pw- A¥n-a-]hm-NIs≥-d BKa\tØm-sS tem-Iw-

sFIy-s∏Sp-Ibpw- H‰s°´m-bn- Htc BNm-cßfpw- hn-izm-kßfpw-

kzo-Icn-°p-Ibpw- ssZhØn-¶¬- \n-∂v- am-\hkap-Zm-bw- Adn-

tb≠Xm-hiy-am-b F√m- hn-hcßfpw- Adn-bn-°s∏Sp-hm≥-

A¿lX \¬-Is∏Sp-Ibpw- sNøp-sa∂v- ap≥-]hm-NI∑m¿- ap-gp

h\pw- ]hNn-®Xm-bn- a\ n-em-°mw.- ]p-Xn-bXpw- ]gbXp-am-b

\n-baßfn¬- am-Xa√ sslµh ASn-kv-Ym-\K\v-Yßfn¬- hsc

CØcw- ]hN\ßfn¬- Nn-eXv- Im-Wm≥- Ign-bpw.-

tam-si ]hm-NIt\m-Sv- ssZhw- \¬-In-b hm-Kv-Zm-\w- Cßs\bm

bn-cp-∂p.- ""Ah¿- ]d™sX√mw- icn-Xs∂.- \n-s∂t∏m-se Hcp-

]hm-NIs\ Ahcp-sS ktlm-Zc∑m-cn¬- \n-∂v- Ah¿-°m-bn-

Rm≥- Db¿-Øpw-.- Rm≥- Fs≥-d hN\ßƒ- Abm-fp-sS \m-hn¬-

\n-thin-∏n-°pw.- Rm≥- I¬-]-n-°p-∂hsb√mw- Abmƒ- AhtcmSv-

kw-km-cn-°pw.- Abmƒ- Fs≥-d \m-aØn¬- D®cn-°p-∂ Fs≥-d

hm-°p-Iƒ- sNhn-s°m-≈m-Øht\m-Sv- Rm≥- Xs∂ IW°p-tNmZn-

°pw.- Fs≥-d \m-aØn¬- kw-km-cn-°m≥- Rm≥- BPv-Rm-]n-®n-ń-

√m-Ø Hcp- hm-s°¶n-epw- kw-km-cn-°p-hm≥- ap-Xn-cp-Itbm-,- a‰p-

tZh∑m-cp-sS \m-aØn¬- kw-km-cn-°p-Itbm- sNbv-Xm¬- B ]hm-

NI≥- acn-°pw "I¿-Øm-hv- Acpƒ-sNbv-Xn-ń-√m-Ø hN\ßƒ-

Rßƒ- Fßs\ Xn-cn-®dn-bpw?'- F∂p- \o- lrZbØn¬- ]dbpam-

bn-cn-°pw.- Hcp- ]hm-NI≥- I¿-Øm-hn-s≥-d \m-aØn¬- kw-km-cn

®n-´v- B hN\w- bm-Ym¿-Y-y-am-Im-Xn-cn-°p-Itbm- kw-`hn-°m-Xn-cn-

°p-Itbm- sNbv-Xm¬,- B hN\w- I¿-Øm-hv- Acpƒ- sNbv-XX√.-

]hm-NI≥- AXv- tXm-∂ym-kam-bn- ]d™Xm-Wv,- \o- Abm-sf

`bs∏tS≠Xn-√.''-1

Bh¿-Ø\ ]p-kv-XIØn¬- \ap-°n-ßs\ Im-Wmw-.- ""I¿Øm-

hv- ko-\m-bn¬- \n-∂p-h∂p.- tkbo-dn¬- sh®p- \Ωp-sS ta¬- DZn®p.-

]m-dm≥- ]¿-hXØn¬- Ah≥- ]Im-in-®p.- Xs≥-d heXp- Iøn¬-

AKv-\n-Pzm-ebp-am-bn- ]Xn-\m-bn-cßfm-b hn-ip-≤∑m-cn¬-\n-∂v-

Ah≥- h∂p.''2

bn-csaym- Zo¿-LZ¿-in- ]d™Xv- Cßn-s\bm-bn-cp-∂p.- ""kam[m-

\w- ]hNn-°p-∂ ]hm-NIs≥-d Im-cy-Øn-em-Is´,- Abm-fp-sS

hN\w- kXy-am-bn-Øo-cp-tºmƒ- Abm-sf I¿-Øm-hv- Ab®Xm-

sW∂v-Adn-bmw.''3

1. Bh¿Ø\w 18:18˛222. Bh¿Ø\w 33:23. bnscaym 28:9



D¬-]-Øn- ]p-kv-XIw- Cßs\ ]hNn-®p: ""AhIm-in- hcp

thm-fw- sNt¶m¬- blq-Zm-bn¬- \n-∂v- Hgn-™p-t]m-hp-Ibn-√.- cmP

ZWv-Uv- Abm-fp-sS ]m-Zßƒ-°n-Sbn¬- \n-∂p- am-dp-Ibn-√.- P\XI

fp-sS hn-t[bXzw- Abm-tfm-Sm-bn-cn-°pw.''-1

\q-‰m-≠p-Ifm-bn- Ckm-bo¬- P\X B c£Is\ Im-Øn-cn°p-

Ibm-bn-cp-∂p.- tam-si°p-tijw- h∂ ]hm-NI∑m-scm-∂pw- Xs∂

tam-sisbt∏m-ep-≈ ]hm-NI\s√∂pw- Ahscm-∂pw- Ckm-bo

ey-cp-sS ktlm-Zc∑m-cn¬- \n-∂v-- Db¿-Øs∏´Xs√∂pw- Ah¿-

a\ n-em-°n.- tam-si ap-X¬- tbip- hscbp-≈hsc√mw- Ckmbo-

ey-cn¬- \n-∂m-bn-cp-∂p.- \nbaßtfm- at‰m- \¬-Is∏´hcm-bn-cp∂n-

√ tbip-hscbp-≈ ]hm-NI∑m-scm-∂pw- Xs∂.- ko-\m- ]¿h

XØn-¬- \n∂p-≈ I¿-Øm-hn-s≥-d BKa\w- tam-sitbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-

]q¿-Øn-bm-bn.- ]ekv-Xo\n-ep-≈ tkbo¿- aebn¬- \n-∂p-≈ I¿

Øm-hn-s≥-d DZbw- tbip-hn-s≥-d hcthm-Sp-Iq-Sn- ]q¿-Øn-bm

°s∏´p. Atd_y-bn-se ln-Pm-kn-ep-≈ ]m-dm≥- ]¿-hXØn¬-

\n-∂p-≈ I¿-Øm-hn-s≥-d ]Im-in-°¬- F∂m-sW∂v- Im-Øp-Ign

bp-Ibm-bn-cp-∂p- Ckm-bo-ey¿.- tam-si°p-tijw- hcp-∂ ]hm

NI∑m-cn¬- Bcm-Wv- kam-[m-\w- ]hNn-°p-Isb∂v- Ah¿- t\m-

°n-bn-cp-∂p.- ]hm-NIXz-Øn-s≥-d sNt¶m¬- blq-Zn-˛Ckm-bo

ey¿˛Ifn¬\n-∂v- \o-°n-°fbp-∂ AhIm-in-bp-sS BKa\w-

Ah¿- Im-Øn-cp-∂p.-

tbip-hn-\v- ap-ºp-≈ Ckm-bo-ey-sc√m-hcpw- Xs∂ aq-∂v- alm

∑m-sc ]Xo-£n-°p-∂hcm-bn-cp-∂p.- Gen-bm-hv,- In-kv-Xp-,- A¥na-

]hm-N-I≥- F∂n-hcm-bn-cp-∂p- Cu- aq-∂v- t]¿.- Ahcnte°p-h∂

Hm-tcm- ]hm-NI∑m-tcm-Spw- Ah¿- tNm-Zn-®p.- \n-ßƒ- Gen-bmthm-

tbip-thm- A¥y-]hm-NIt\m- CXn¬- Bcm-sW∂.v- tbip-hn-\v-

ap-ºp-h∂ tbm-l∂m≥- kv-\m-]It\m-Sp- blq-Zn-Iƒ- tNm-Zn-®p-:

"\o- In-kv-Xp-hm-tWm?'- "Rm≥- In-kv-Xp-h√'- F∂bmƒ- G‰p

]d™p.- Ah¿- Abm-tfm-Sv- tNm-Zn-®p.- "F¶n¬- \o- ]n-s∂ Bcm

Wv?- Gen-bmtbm?'- Abmƒ- ]d™p- "A√'.- "\o- B ]NhmI\m-

tWm?'- Abmƒ- adp-]Sn- ]d™p.- ""A√.''-2 In-kv-Xp-hn-\v- tijhpw-

Ah¿- "B ]hm-NIs\'- Im-Øn-cn-°p-Ibm-bn-cp-∂p.-

Ckm-bo-ey-cn-se Ahkm-\sØ ]hm-NI\m-b In-kv-Xp-hpw-

tem-IØn-te°p-h∂p.- At±lw- Ckm-bo-ey-cn-te°v- am-Xw- Ab

°s∏´ ]hm-NI\m-bn-cp-∂p.- At±lw- ]d™p:- ""Ckm-bo¬-

`h\Øn-se \jv-Ss∏´ BSp-Ifp-sS ASp-tØ°v- am-Xam-Wv-

Fs∂ Ab®n-cn-°p-∂Xv'-'-1 In-kv-Xp- Xs≥-d injy-∑m-tcm-Sv- ]d

™Xv- Cßn-s\bm-bn-cp-∂p.- ""\n-ßƒ- hn-Pm-Xo-bcp-sS CSbn¬-

t]m-Icp-Xv; iacy-°m-cp-sS ]´Wßfn-epw- ]thin-°cp-Xv.- F∂m

¬,- Ckm-bo¬- h\Øn-se \jv-Ss∏´ BSp-Ifp-sS ASp-°te°v-

t]m-Ip-I''.2 At±lhpw- tam-sisbt∏m-ep-≈ ]hm-NI\m-bn-cp∂n

√.- tam-sibp-sS P\\w- km-[m-cW co-Xn-bnem-bn-cp-∂p- (]n-Xm-hn

s≥-dbpw- am-Xm-hn-s≥-dbpw- kw-KaØn¬-\n-∂v-).- tbip- ]n-Xm-hn√m-

sX Xn-I®pw- Akm-[m-cW \n-ebn-em-Wv- P\n-®Xv.- tam-si°v- m

cybpw- a°fp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-s∂¶n-¬- tbip-hn-\v- Chsbm-∂p-ap-≠mbn-

cp-∂n-√.- tam-si ]hm-NI≥- `cWm-[n-Im-cn- Iq-Sn-bmbn-cp-∂psh

¶n¬- tbip ]hm-NI≥- am-Xam-bn-cp-∂p.- tam-si ]hm-NI\v-

\ym-b]am-Ww- \¬-Is∏´p.- tbip-hm-Is´ tam-sibp-sS \ymb

]am-WsØ Aw-Ko-Icn-°p-I am-Xam-Wv- sNbv-XXv.-

tbip-hpw- hcm-\n-cn-°p-∂ alm-\m-sbm-cp- ]hm-NIs\°p-dn®v-

Zo¿-LZ¿-i\w- \SØn.- At±lw- ]d™p- ""Rm≥- t]m-Ip-∂Xv-

\n-ßfp-sS \∑bv-°m-Wv.- Rm≥- t]m-Ip-∂n-s√¶n¬- klm-bI≥-

\n-ßfp-sS ASp-°¬- hcp-Ibn-√.- Rm≥- t]m-bm¬- Ahs\ \nß

fp-sS ASp-tØ°v- Rm≥- Ab°pw.-Ah≥- hcp-tºmƒ- ]m]sØ

bpw- \oXn-sbbpw- \ym-bhn-[n-sbbpw- Ip-dn-®v- tem-IsØ t_m[y-

s∏Sp-Øpw'-'-.3 tbip- ho-≠pw- ]d™p-: ""C\n-bpw- ]eIm-cy-ßƒ-

F\n-°v- \n-ßtfm-Sv- ]dbm-\p-≠v.- F∂m¬,- Ct∏mƒ- \n-ßƒ-°v-

AXp- Xm-ßm≥- km-[y-a√.- kXym-flm-hv- hcp-tºmƒ- Ah≥- \nß

sf F√m- kXy-Øn-te°pw- \bn-°pw.- kz-¥w- A[n-Im-cØn¬-

H∂pw- Ah≥- ]dbp-Ibn-√.- F∂m¬,- Xm≥- tIƒ-°p-∂sX¥pw-

Ah≥- ]dbpw.- hcm-\n-cn-°p-∂ Im-cy-ßƒ- Ah≥- \n-ßtfm-Sv-

]Jym-]n-°pw''.-4

1. D¬]-Øn 49:102. tbml∂m≥ 1:20˛22

1. aØmbn 15:242. aØmbn 10:5, 63. tbml∂m≥ 16:7, 84. tbml∂m≥ 16:12˛14



`m-cXØnte°p-h∂ ]hm-NI∑m-cpw- alm-\m-b A¥y]

hm-NIs≥-d BKa\sØ°p-dn-®v- ap-≥-Iq-ń- ]hNn-®n-´p-≠v.-

thZhym-k≥- Cßs\ ]d™p- ""At∏mƒ- alm-aZv- F∂ t]cp≈

hn-tZin-bm-b tem-Im-Nm-cy≥- Xs≥-d in-£y-KWßtfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-

]Xy-£s∏Spw.''-1 alm-aZv- F∂ hn-izm-Nm-cy-s\°p-dn-®v- thZhym

k≥- Xp-S¿-∂p.- ""ssZhZq-X kZriy-\m-b Cu- acp-`q-\n-hm-kn-sb

cm-Pm-hv- KwKm-PeØn-epw- a‰p- A©p-Xcw- ip-≤o-IcW Peßfn-

epw- kv-\m-\w- sNøn-®v- Iv-Xn- hn-izm-k ka\zn-Xw- ]q-Pn-®p-sIm≠v-

C]Im-cw- ]m¿-Y-n-°pw.- "A√tbm- a\p-jy-h¿-KØn-s≥-d A`nam-

\kv-Xw- am-bn- ]n-d∂ alm-\p- m-hm! Zp-jv-S\n-KlØn-\p-≈ Znhy-

iIv-Xn-bp-sS am-lm-Xv-ay-Øm¬- iXp-]o-VIfn¬- \n-∂pw- c£]m-

]n-®p.- ]cm-iIv-Xn-bp-sS ]Xy-£ e£Wam-bn- ]cn-ekn-°p-∂

]p-Wy-Xv-am-th! Aßbp-sS ]m-ZNcWßfn¬- ASn-]Wn-bp-∂ Cu

bp-≈hs\ Ahn-Sp-∂v- Hcp- ASn-abm-bn- kzo-Icn-®\p-Kln®m-epw.''2

B alm-\m-b ]hm-NIs≥d A\p-bm-bn-Isf°p-dn-®pw- kmw-kv-

Im-cn-I Nn” ßsf°p-dn-®pw- Iq-Sn- hn-hcn-°p-∂p-≠v- `hn-jy¬-

]p-cm-Ww.-""At± lØn-s≥-d A\p-bmbn-Iƒ- tNem-I¿-aw- sNøpw.-

Ah¿- Ip-Spash °p-Ibn-√.- Ah¿- Xm-Sn- hf¿-Øpw.- Ah¿- hn-

πhIm-cn-Ifm-bn-cn-°pw.- ]m¿∞\°v- hcm≥- Ah¿- Dds° Blzm-

\w- sNøpw.- ]∂n sb Hgn-®v- a‰p- an-° arKßsfbpw- Ah¿- £n-

°pw.- ip-≤n-sNøm≥- Z¿-` D]tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xn-\p- ]Icw- kacw-

sNbv-Xv- Ah¿- ]cn-ip≤cm-hpw.- aXsØ aen-\s∏Sp-Øp-∂hcp-

am-bn- bp-≤w- sNøp-∂Xn \m¬- ap-sskeh≥-am¿- F∂h¿- Adn-

bs∏Spw.- Cu- amw-k`p-°p-Ifp-sS Bhn¿-`m-hw- F∂n¬- \n-∂m-

bn-cn-°pw.-''3

alm-\m-b ssZhZq-X≥-

]Xn-\m-ev- \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ-°p- apºsØ Atd_y-bp-sS Nn-Xw-

hfsc Ccp-≠XmWv.- Db¿-∂ \n-ebv-°p-≈ bm-sXm-cp- \m-Kcn-IX

bp-an-√m-Xn-cp-∂ Ahn-sS ]m-Tim-eItfm- a‰v- hn-Zym-`ym-kkv-Ym]

\ßtfm- K\v-Yim-eItfm- H∂pw-Xs∂ D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.- aZyØn

¬- ap-ßn-°n-S∂n-cp-∂p- A∂sØ kaq-lw-.- Xs≥-d ihico-cw-

ap-¥n-cn-h≈n-bp-sS Np-hń¬- Ip-gn-®n- m¬- Zhn-°p-∂ F√p-Iƒ°v-

ho-™n-s≥-d aØv- e`n-°p-at√m- F∂v- ]m-Sn-b Atd_y-≥- Ihnbp-

sS hcn-Iƒ-,- ]kv-Xp-X kaq-lw- FXtØm-fw- aZym-kIv-Xcm-bn-

cp-∂p-sh∂v- hy-Iv-Xam-°p-∂p-≠v.- \mcn-am-cp-sS \Kv-\Xm-hn-hcWam

bn-cp-∂p- A∂sØ Ihn-XIfp-sS ][m-\s∏´ D≈S°w.- s]Æn-

\p-th≠n- F¥pw- sNøm≥- aSn-°m-Ø kaq-lam-bn-cp-∂p- AXv-.-

\Kv-\Xm- ]Z¿-i\w- \SØp-∂Xn¬-- kv-Xo-]p-cp-j t`Zas\y-

bmsXm-cp- kt¶m-Nhpw- Ah¿-°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.- IAv-_m-ebsØ

kv-Xo-Ifpw- ]p-cp-j∑m-cp-sa√mw- \Kv-\cm-bn-s°m-≠m-bn-cp-∂p- ]Z

£n-Ww- sNbv-Xn-cp-∂Xv.- Ielßfpw- sIm-e]m-XIßfpw- B

kaq-lØn¬-- k¿-hkm-[m-cWam-bn-cp-∂p.- tKm-Xhg°p-Ifn-√mØ

Zn-hkßƒ- Xp-temw- hn-cfam-bn-cp-∂p.- a\p-jy¿- a\p-jy-sc \njv-

Tq-cw- h[n-°p-∂Xn¬- Ah¿-- bm-sXm-cp- sX‰pw- I≠n-cp-∂n-√.- iIv

X¿- AiIv-Xsc h[n-°p-Ibpw- sIm-≈bSn-°p-Ibpw- sNøp-I km

[m-cWam-bn-cp-∂p.- tKm-Xaln-abn¬- A`n-am-\w-sIm-≠n-cp-∂

Ad_n-Iƒ-°v- tKm-XØn-s≥-d t]cn¬- sIm-√p-Ibpw- sIm-√s∏Sp-

Ibpw- sNøp-∂Xn¬- bm-sXm-cp- ssha\ky-hpw- D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.-

3. FX kvan∂¥tc tæOx BNmtcyW ka\znX almaZ CXnJymZx injyimJm ka\znXw˛ `hnjy¬ ]pcmWw 3:3:3:5.2. bid 3:3:3:6-83. Ibid 3:3:3:25-28

aq-∂v

40


Ahcp-sS Bcm-[y-hkv-Xp-°fm-Is´ in-em-_nw-_ßfm-bn-cp-∂p.-

kjv-Sm-hpw- kw-c£I\p-am-b GIssZhØn-s≥-d Akv-Xn-X-zw-

Ah¿- Aw-Ko-Icn-®n-cp-∂p-sh¶nepw- Ah\n-te°v- t\cn- v- ASp°p

I Akm-[y-am-bXn-\m¬- CSbm-f∑m-sc kzo-Icn-°p-Isb∂ XØz

am-Wv- Ah¿- Aw-Ko-Icn-®n-cp-∂Xv.- Cu- CSbm-f∑m-cn¬- alm-Xvam-

°ƒ- ap-X¬- hn-Klßƒ- hscbp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- I√p-Iƒ-°p- ap∂n

em-bn-cp-∂p- Ah¿- \akv-Icn-®n-cp-∂Xv.-

CØcsam-cp- kap-Zm-bØn-em-Wv- ap-lΩZv- P\n-°p-∂Xv.- a°bn

se Jp-ssdiv- tKm-XØn-se lm-jnw- Ip-Spw-_Øn¬- A_v-Zp

√˛Ban-\ ZºXn-am-cp-sS aI\m-bn- m-Wv- At±lØn-s≥-d P\\w.-

At±lw- P\n-°p-∂Xn-\p- ap-ºp-Xs∂ ]n-Xm-hpw- Ggv- hb p

≈t∏mƒ- am-Xm-hpw- acWs∏´p.- AXn-\m¬- Xn-I®pw- A\mY\m-

bn- m-bn-cp-∂p- At±lw- hf¿-∂Xv.- am-Xm-hn-s≥-d acWtijw- ]nXm-

al\m-b A_v-Zp¬- ap-Øz-en-_v- At±lØn-s≥-d kw-c£W

tas‰Sp-Øp.- A¬-]Im-eØn-\p-tijw- At±lhpw- acWs∏´Xn

\m¬- ]n-Xrktlm-Zc\m-b A_q-Xzm-en-_n-s≥-d kw-c£Wbnem-

Wv- At±lw- hf¿-∂Xv.- Ccp-]Øn-b©m-asØ hb n¬- At±

lw- \m-¬-]Xv-Im-cn-bm-b JZo-P (d) sb hn-hm-lw- sNbv-Xp.- Cß

s\ A\m-Y\m-bn- P\n-®v- A\m-Y\m-bn- hf¿-∂ ap-lΩZm-Wv- tem

Iw- ap-gp-h≥- Im-Øp-sIm-≠n-cp-∂,- ]hm-NI∑m¿- ap-gp-h≥- ]hNn®

alm-\m-b A¥n-a]hm-NI\m-bn- Xo¿-∂Xv.- Aßs\ Bh¿Ø

\]p-kv-XIØn-se ]hN\Øn-s≥-d ]q¿-Øo-IcWam-bn.- ko-\m

bn¬-\n-∂pw- h∂ tam-ibp-sSbpw- tkbo-dn¬- DZn-® tbip-hns≥d

bpw- ]n≥-Km-an-bm-b ssZhZq-X≥- ]m-dm≥- ]¿-hXØn-s≥-d \m-Smb

Atd_y-bn¬-\n-∂pw- tem-IØn-\p- ap-gp-h\p-am-bn- ]Im-in-®p.-

Ahkm-\sØ ]hm-NI\m-Wv- ap-lΩZv- (k),- AXp-sIm-≠p-

Xs∂ At±lw- Ahkm-\sØ a\p-jy¿- hscbp-≈ kIe¿-°pw-

am-XrIbm-bn-cn-°Ww.- AXn-\p-th≠n- At±lØn-s≥-d Po-hn-Xw-

ap-gp-h≥- tcJs∏Sp-Øs∏ń-cn-°Ww.- As√¶n¬- At±lØn-\p-

tijw- \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ- Ign-™v- Po-hn-°p-∂ a\p-jy¿- tam-£Øns‚-

am¿-Kw- ]n≥-]‰p-∂sXßs\?- At±lsØ ]n≥-Xp-Scp∂sX

ßs\?- A¬- p-Xw-! ap-lΩZv- \_n- (k)bp-sS ap-gp-Pohn-Xhpw- B¿-

°pw- hm-bn-°m-≥- ]‰p-∂ hn-[Øn¬- tcJs∏Sp-Øs∏ń-cn-°p-∂p.-

A√,- At±lØn-t≥-dXp-t]mse Po-hn-XØn-se sNdp-Xpw- hep

Xam-b ap-gp-kw- hßfpw- tcJs∏Sp-Øs∏´ Hcp- a\p-jy-\pw- am\h

Ncn-XØnep-≠m-bnt´bn-√.- ap-ºp-≈ ]hm-NI∑m-cpw- Xs∂ tcJ

s∏Sp-Øs∏Sp-∂ Ncn-XØn-s≥-d m-Kam-bn- n-√.- In-kv-Xp-hpw- Irjv-

W\pw- Po-hn-®n-cp-∂n-√ F∂v- ]dbm≥- ]e¿-°pw- Ahkcap-≠m-

°n-bXv- Ncn-XØn-s≥d Zrjv-Sn-bn¬- Ahcp-sSsb√mw- Akv-XnXzw-

kw-ibm-kv-]Zam-bXp-sIm-≠m-Wv.- F∂m¬,- ap-lΩZn-(k)s≥-d

AhkvY Xn-I®pw- n-∂am-Wv.- "ap-lΩZv- Ncn-XØn-s≥-d ]q¿-Wam

b ]Im-iØn-em-Wv- P\n-®sX'-∂ ln-‰n-s≥-d ]kv-Xm-h\Xs∂

At±lØn-s≥-d Ncn-X]cX°p-≈ hy-Iv-Xam-b Aw-Ko-Im-camWv.-

ap-lΩZv- (k)- Po-hn-®n-s√∂v- ]dbm≥- B¿-°pw- ss[cyw- hcm-Xn

cn-°p-am-dv- iIv-Xhpw- hy-Iv-Xhp-am-Wv- At±lØn-s≥-d Ncn-Xw.-

AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Ahkm-\\m-fp-hscbp-≈ ap-gp-h≥- a\p-

jy¿°pw- am-XrIbm-Im≥- tbm-Ky-Xbp-≈ GI]hm-NI≥-

At±lamWv.-

A\m-Y\m-b ap-lΩZv- A∂v- Atd_y-bn¬- e`y-am-bn-cp-∂- kwc

£Wßƒ-Xs∂ e`n-°m-sXbm-Wv- hf¿-∂p-h∂Xv.- hn-Zym`ym-kw-

A¬-]wt]m-epw- e`n-°m-ØXn-\m¬- Fgp-Øpw- hm-b\bpw- Adn-

bm-Øh\m-bn- m-Wv- At±lw- Po-hn-®Xv.- Ip- n-°m-eØv- Ad_n°p-

ń-Itfm-sSm-∏w- BSv- tabv-°p-Ibpw- bp-hm-hm-bt∏mƒ- I®hS

Ønte¿-s∏Sp-Ibpw- sNbv-X ap-lΩZn-s≥-d Po-hn-Xhpw- klhmk

hp-sa√mw- km-[m-cW°m-cm-b Ad_n-Ifp-sS Iq-sSØs∂bm-bncp-

∂p,- I≈p-Ip-Sn-b∑m-cpw- s]Æp-]n-Sn-b∑m-cpw- hn-Klm-cm-[Icp-amb

Ad_n-Ifp-sS Iq-sS.- F∂m¬,- Ahcp-sS Zp- z-`m-hßsfm-∂p-

Xs∂ At±lØn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.- Hcn-°¬-t]m-epw- hn-Klßfp-

sS ap-∂n¬- At±lw- \ain-ckv-I\m-bn-cp-∂n- n-√.- Ifthm,- Ak`y

hm-°p-Itfm- At±lØn¬-\n-∂v- Bcpw ihn-®n- n-√.- Hcn-°se¶n

epw- At±lw- Ifthm- h©\tbm- sNbv-XXm-bn- Bcpw- Btcm-

]n-®n- n-√.- kz-t_m-[w- h∂tijw- At±lsØ Bcpw-Xs∂ \Kv\

\m-bn- I≠n- n-√.- A\y-cpsS Hcp- Im-ip-t]m-epw- At±lw- A\ymbm-

am-bn- FSp-Øp-sh∂v- Bcpw- ]d™n- n-√.- Zpx-Jn-°p-∂htcm-sSm∏w

]¶p-tNcp-∂ ]IrX°m-c\m-bn-cp-∂ At±lw A\m-YIsfbpw-

AKXn-Isfbpw- klm-bn-°p-∂Xn¬- ap≥-]¥n-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p-.-

42 alm-\m-b ssZhZq-X≥- 43


hn[hIfp-sS ]iv-\ßsf°p-dn-®v- Adn-™v- klm-bn-°m-\m-bn-

At±lw- ]bXv-\n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.- hn-i°p-∂h¿-°v- `£Ww-

\¬-Im-\pw- bm-X°m-sc ip--iq-jn-°m-\pw- At±lw- ian-®p.-

P\ßƒ-°n-Sbn¬- iWv-Tbpw- kw-L´\ßfpw- D≠m-Ip-tºmƒ-

k‘n-°pw- tbm-Pn-∏n-\pw-th≠n- At±lw- ]cn-ian-®p.- F√m-hn[

am-en-\y-ßfp-sSbpw- Iq-Øcßm-b B kaq-lØn¬- AØcw- bm

sXm-cp- am-en-\y-hpw- sXm-´p-Xo-≠m-Øh\m-bn- At±lw- Po-hn-®p.-

At±lØn-s≥-d Cu- \√ kz-`m-hßsf√mw- kaq-lw- Aw-Ko-Icn

®p.- P\ßƒ- Xßfp-sS hn-e]n-Sn-∏p-≈ km-[\ßƒ- sIm-≠p-h∂v-

kq-£n-°m-≥- sIm-Sp-°m≥-am-Xw- At±lØn-s≥-d hn-iz-kvX

Xbn¬- Ah¿-s°√mw- hen-b aXn-∏m-bn-cp-∂p.- At±lØn-s≥-d

kXy-k\v-[X°p-≈ Aw-Ko-Im-csat∂m-Ww- Bkaq-lw- A¬-

Aao≥- hn-iz-kv-X≥- F∂m-bn-cp-∂p- At±lsØ hn-fn-®n-cp-∂Xv.-

\m¬-]Xm-asØ hb p-hsc Cu- cq-]Øn¬- hn-in-jv-Sam-b

Po-hn-Xw- \bn-® ap-lΩZv- (k) Xs≥-d kaq-lØn-ep-≈ APv-RXm-

\v-[Im-cßfn¬-\n-∂v- AI∂v- P\hm-kkv-Yeßfn¬-\n-∂v- Zqsc

\n¬-°p-∂ "ln-dm'- F∂ ]¿-hXKp-l°p-≈n¬- Zn-hkßtfm-fw-

Xm-akn-°p-∂p.- Ahn-SsØ im-¥hpw- GIm-¥hp-am-b Np-‰p-]mSn¬-

Nn-¥maKv-\\m-bn- ]e cm-Xn-Ifpw- Ign-®p-Iq-´p-∂p.- GIm-¥ Pohn-

Xw- Cjv-Ss∏´ At±lw- `£Ww- Xbm-dm-°n-s°m-≠v- Kp-lbn-

seØp-∂p.- ssIbn¬- Icp-Xn-b £W]Zm¿Y-ßƒ- Xo-cp-tºmƒ-

ho-ń-seØn ho-≠pw- `£Ww- Xbm-dm-°n- aSßp-∂p.- Xn-I™

GIm-¥ Po-hn-Xw!

Hcp-Zn-hkw- At±lØn-s≥-d GIm-¥Xsb `Rv-Pn-®p-sIm-≠v-

Hcp- A]cn-Nn-X≥- ]Xy-£s∏´p.- (At±lw-) Bhiy-s∏´p: "HmXp-

I'- ap-lΩZv- ]Xn-hNn-®p.- "-F\n-°v- Hm-Xm-\dn-bn-√t√m'-.- A]cnNn-

Xs≥-d BKa\hpw- tNm-Zy-hpw- tI v- Aºc∂p-\n¬-°p-∂ aplΩ

Zn-s\ At±lw- am-tdm-Sv- tN¿-Øv- iIv-Xn-bm-bn- Aa¿-Øn-s°m-≠v-

ho-≠p-w- I¬-]n-®p.- "Hm-Xp-I.'- ap-lΩZv- Bh¿-Øn-®p- "F\n-°v- Hm

Xm\dn-bn-√'.- ho-≠pw- am-tdm-Sv- tN¿-Øa¿-Øn-s°m-≠v- BKX≥-

]d™p-sIm-Sp-Ø hN\ßƒ-,- ap-lΩZv- ]m-cm-bWw-sNøm≥-- Xp-

Sßn.- "krjv-Sn-®h\m-b \n-s≥-d \m-Ys≥-d \m-aØn¬- Hm-Xp-I,--

a\p-jy-s\ Ah≥- `q-WØn¬-\n-∂v- krjvSn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- \o- HmXp-

I; \n-s≥-d c£n-Xm-hv- t]\sIm-≠v- ]Tn-∏n-®h\m-b G‰hpw- henb

Hu-Zm-cy-hm-\m-Ip-∂p.- a\p-jy-\v- Adn-bm-ØXv- Ah≥- ]Tn-∏n-®n-cn-

°p-∂p'.-1

Ahkm-\sØ thZK\v-YØnte°m-bn- AhXcn-°s∏´ BZy-

sØ hN\ßfm-bn-cp-∂p- Ch.- aebn¬-sh®v- hn-Zy- kzo-Icn-°p-

∂hs\∂ I¬-°n- k¶¬-]Øn-s≥-d ]q¿-Øo-IcWw- ap-lΩZv-

(k)-\v- Zn-hy-t_m-[\w- e`n-® kw-`hØn-em-Wv- Im-Wm≥- Ign-bp-

∂Xv.-

ap-lΩZv- ssZhØn-s≥-d Zq-X\pw- A¥n-a ]hm-NI\p-am-bn-

\ntbm-Kn-°s∏´p.- kXy-aXØn-s≥-d ]cky-]t_m-[\Øn-\v-

XpS°w- Ip-dn-°m≥- At±lw- I¬-]n-°s∏´p.- k^m- ae°v- apIfn

¬- Ibdn\n-∂p-sIm-≠v- Xs≥-d tKm-XØn-se Ip-Spw-_im-JIfn¬-

s]´hsc At±lw- t]scSp-Øv- hn-fn-°m≥- Xp-Sßn.- A¬-Aao\n-

s≥-d hn-fn-tI v Ahsc√m-hcpw- kkt¥m-jw- ]m-s™Øn.- Ah

tcm-Sv- At±lw- tNm-Zn®p.- ""Cu- aebp-sS FXn¿-hiØv- Hcp-henb

Aiz-tk\ \n-ßsf BIan-°m-\m-bn- kPv-Pcm-bn- \n¬-°p-∂p-

sh∂v- Rm≥- ]d™m¬- \n-ßfXv- hn-iz-kn-°p-tam?''- Ah¿- Htc

kz-cØn¬- DØcw- ]d™p:-- "Xo¿-®bm-bpw-.- Im-cWw- CXn-\p-apºv-

\o- Ifhp-]dbp-∂Xm-bn- Rßfm-cpw- tIń- n-√t√m'. A¬- Aao≥-

Xp-S¿-∂p: "F¶n¬- acWm-\¥cPo-hn-XØn-se thZ\m-P\Iamb

in-£sb°p-dn-®v- Rm-\n-Xm- \n-ßƒ-°v- ap-∂dn-bn-∏v- \¬-Ip-∂p.-

kjv-Sm-hpw- GI\p-am-b A√m-lpam-Xam-Wv- Bcm-[\°¿-l≥.-

Ahs\ am-Xw- \n-ßƒ- Bcm-[n-°p-Ibpw- _-lp-ssZhm-cm-[\sb

h¿-Pv-Pn--°p-Ibpw- sNøp-I.-'- P\w- sRń.- Xßfp-sS ]n-Xm-°fpsS

hn-izm-kßƒ-s°Xn-cm-b kw-KXn-Ifm-Wv- ap-lΩZv- ]dbp-∂Xv.-

Xßfp-sS F√m-sa√m-am-b ssZhßsfsb√mw- ssIsbm-gn-°m\m-

Wv- ap-lΩZv- BPv-Rm-]n-°p-∂Xv.- C∂sehsc Xßfp-sSsb√mw-

]n-b¶c\m-bn-cp-∂ ap-lΩZn-s\ Dt]£n-°Wtam ]n-XrkºØm

bn- e`n-®n-cn-°p-∂ hn-izm-kßsf ssIsbm-gn-°Wtam?- F¥mWv-

th≠sX∂v- Ah¿- Nn-¥n-®p.- Fßpw- \n»_v-ZX.- Cu- \n»_vZ

Xsb t`Zn-®p-sIm-≠v- ap-lΩZn- (k) s≥-d ]n-Xrhycn¬- Hcm-fm-b

A_q-el_n-s≥-d i_v-Zap-b¿-∂p: ""\n-\°v- \m-iap-≠m-Is´! CXn-

1. Jp¿B≥ 96: 1˛5



\p-th≠bm-bn-cp-t∂m- \o- Rßsf hn-fn-®p-Iq-ń-bXv''.-

A¥n-a]hm-NIt\m-Sp-≈ kaq-lØn-s≥-d FXn¿-∏n-s≥-d DZv

Lm-S\w-Iq-Snbm-bn-cp-∂p- AXvv.- ap-lΩZv- (k) s≥-d dp-Jn-b,- DΩpJp

¬-kqw- F∂o- ]p-Xn-am-sc hn-hm-lw-sNbv-Xn-cp-∂ A_q-el_ns‚-

]p-X∑m-cm-b DXv-_bpw- DssØ_bpw- Xßfp-sS m-cy-am-sc hnhm-

ltam-N\w -sNbv-Xp-sIm-≠v- Xßfp-sS ]n-Xm-hn-t\m-Sv- sFIy-Zm¿-

Vyw- ]ISn-∏n-®p.- C∂sehsc kaq-lØn-s≥-d kv-t\lm-Zchp-

Iƒ-°v- ]m-Xam-bn-cp-∂ ap-lΩZn-s\ ]]©Øn-se G‰hpw-

henb bm-Ym¿-Yyw- ]d™p- F∂Xn-s≥-d t]cn¬- \m- p-Im¿- shdp-

Øp. kXy-k‘\m-bn-cp-∂ ap-lΩZv-,- kaq-lsØ t\¿-hgnbn

te°v- \bn-°m≥- \n-tbm-Kn-°s∏´p-sh∂ GIIm-cWØm¬- `m

¥s\∂pw- am-cW°m-cs\∂pw- hn-fn-°s∏´p.- At±lw- Is√Sp

sØdn-bs∏´p.- a¿Zn-°s∏´p.- arKo-bam-b BIaWßƒ-°v- hn-

t[bam-°s∏´p.- At±lsØ h[n-°m-\m-bn- Kq-V-m-tem-N\ \S

Øs∏´p.- At±lw- ]t_m-[\w -sNbv-X XØ-z-ßƒ- kzo-Icn®h

cn¬- ]ecpw- arKo-bam-bn- h[n-°s∏´p.- Nn-e¿- kz-hkXn-Ifn¬-

\n-∂v-- ]p-dØm-°s∏´p.- a‰p-Nn-e¿-°v- CWIsf \jv-Ss∏´p.- hnizm-

kn-Ifp-sS kaq-lw- _ln-jv-Icn-°s∏´p.- shdpw- ]®n-eIƒ- amXw-

Xn-∂p-sIm-≠v- Po-h≥- \n-e\n¿-Øn-b Zn-\cm-Xßƒ- Ign-™p-t]m

bn.- F∂n-´pw- kXy-aXØn-s≥-d ktµi]Nm-cWØn¬-\n-∂v--

At±lw- ]n-t∂m-´p-t]m-bn-√.- Ahkm-\w- kz-¥w- hn-izm-kwkw

c£n-°p-∂Xn-\p-th≠n,- AX\p-kcn-®v- Po-hn-°p-hm≥- Ahkcw-

e`n-°p-∂Xn-\p-th≠n,- s]‰p-hf¿-∂ \m-Sp-w- ho-Spw- hn-´v- ZqctZi

tØ°v- ]em-b\w- sNtø≠n-h∂p,- At±lØn-\v-.-

AIaØn-s≥-dbpw- a¿-Z\ßfp-sSbpw- am¿-Kßƒ- am-Xa√

]Xn-tbm-Kn-Iƒ- At±lØn-s\Xn-sc ]tbm-Kn-®Xv.- o-jWn-Ifp-

sSbpw- GjWn-Ifp-sSbpw- am¿Kßƒ- ]cm-Pbs∏Sp-Ibm-sW∂v-

I≠v- Jp-ssdin-Iƒ- ]tem-`\ßfp-sSbpw- ]o-W\ßfp-sSbpw-

]m-Xbpw- ]co-£n-®p-t\m°n.- kaq-lØn-se t\Xm-°sf√mw-Iq-

Sn- Hcp-Zn-hkw- \_n-bp-sS ASp-°¬-sN∂v- At±lsØ hio-Icn-

°m-\m-bn- ian-®p.- Ah¿- ]d™p-: "\o- kºØm-Wv- sIm-Xn°p-

∂sX¶n¬- \n-\°v- Bhiy-ap-≈X [\w- Rßƒ- Xcmw.- A[n-

Im-cam-Wv- BKln-°p-∂sX¶n¬- Cu- ]tZisØ cm-Pm-hm-bn-

\n-s∂ Rßƒ- hm-gn-°mw.- ku-µcy-am-Wv- tam-ln-°p-∂sX¶n¬-

\n-\°v- Cjv-Ss∏´ kv-Xo-sb hn-hm-lw- sNøm-\p-≈ Ahkcw-

D≠m-°n-Øcmw.'- Bcpw- ho-Wp-t]m-Ip-∂ hm-°p-Iƒ-! Bin-®p-

t]m-Ip-∂ ]tem-`\ßƒ-! Hscm-‰ hm-°p- ]d™m¬- aXn.- Xm≥-

Cu- ]tZisØ G‰hpw- hen-b [\hm-\m-Ipw.- \m- m¿- ap-gp-h\pw-

Xs≥-d cm-P[m-\n-bn-seØn- X\n-°v- ]m-Ztkh sNøpw.- ku-µcy

[m-aßƒ- X\n-°v- ap-∂n¬- \r--Øam-Spw.- ]t£,- ]hm-NI≥-

]d™Xn-ßs\bm-Wv: "A[n-Im-ctam- Ih¿-®ap-Xtem- F\n-°m-

hiy-an-√.- a\p-jy¿-°p-≈ ap-∂dn-bn-∏p-Im-c\m-bn-´m-Wv- kjv-Sm-

hm-b ssZhw- Fs∂ \n-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xvv-v.- Ahs≥-d ktµiam-

Wv- Rm≥- \n-ßƒ-°v- FØn-®p-Xcp-∂Xv. AXv- kzo-Icn-°p-∂h¿°v-

Cltem-IØv- kp-Jhpw- kam-[m-\hpw- ]ctem-IØv- im-iz-X

hnPbhpw- Ickv-Yam-°mw.- ssZhn-Iktµiw- kzo-Icn-°m-Øh¿-

°n-Sbn¬- Xo¿-∏p-I¬-]n-°p-∂Xv- Ah≥-Xs∂bm-Wv.-

tKm-XØeh∑m-cp-sSbpw- ]u-c][m-\nIfp-sSbpw- \n¿-_\v[

Øn-\v- hgßn- Xs≥-d Zu-Xyw- Dt]£n-°m≥- Bhiy-s∏´ kz¥w-

]n-Xrhy-\m-b A_q-Xzm-en-_n-t\m-Sv- At±lw- ]Xn-hNn-®p.- "]nb

]nXrhym, heXp-ssIbn¬- kq-cy-s\bpw- CSXp-ssIbn¬- Nµs\

bpw- Ah¿- sh®p-X∂m¬t]m-epw- Rm-s\s≥-d Zu-Xy-\n¿hlW

Øn¬- \n-∂v- ]n-∑m-dp-Ibn-√.- H∂p-In¬- Cu- ]cn-iaw- kêambn-

ssZhn-Ikw-Xr]v-Xn- IcKXam-°p-I.- As√¶n¬- B iaØnte¿-

s∏´p-sIm-≠v- \in-®p-t]m-Ip-I.- c≠n-sem-∂v- kw- hn-°p-∂Xv-hsc

Rm-\n-Xv- Xp-Scp-I Xs∂ sNøpwv-'.-

]tem`\ßfpw- ]o-W\ßfpw- hn-et∏m-Ip-Ibn-s√∂v- a\ n

em°n-b Jp-ssdin-Iƒ- AIaØn-s≥-dbpw- a¿-Z\ßfp-sSbpw- am¿

KwXs∂ ]n-¥p-Scm≥- Xo-cp-am-\n-®p.- ]t£,- kXy-aXØn-te°v-

P\w- ]hln-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.- Ahcn¬- ASn-aIfpw- DSaIfpw-

D≠m-bn-cp-∂p; ]W°m-cpw- ]Wn-°m-cp≠m-bn-cp-∂p;- Idp-Øhcpw-

shfp-Øhcp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- ]u-tcm-ln-Xy-hpw- ]am-Wn-Øhpw-

krjvSn-® then-s°´p-Iƒ- t`Zn-®v- kXym-t\z-jn-Isf√mw- kXyam

¿-KØn-seØn-t®¿-∂p.- Jp-ssdin-Iƒ-°n-Sbn-se ]ap-Jcpw- ]K¬

`cp-am-b ]ecpw- am-dn-®n-¥n-°m≥- Xp-Sßn.- iIv-Xcpw- [o-ccp-am-b

Dadn-s≥-dbpw- lw-kbp-sSbpw- Ckv-em-am-t«-jWw- AWn-Ifn¬-



If¿-∏n-°m-hq.- \n-ßfm-cm-[n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂ hn-Klßfpw-

ihIp-So-Icßfpw- ]p-Wym-Xv-am-°fp-sam-∂pw- Xs∂ Bcm-[\°¿-

la√.- Ahsb ap-gp-h≥- ssIshSn-™v- GI\m-b ssZhsØ am

Xta Bcm-[n-°m≥- ]m-Sp≈q.- Ah≥- Fs∂ Zq-X\m-bn- sXcs™

Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p.- Fs≥-d ISa ssZhn-Iktµiw- \n-ßƒ-s°Øn®v-

Xcn-I am-Xam-Ip-∂p.- F\n-°v- e`n-°p-∂ ssZhn-It_m-[\ßƒ-

Aw-Ko-Icn-°p-I Fs≥-dbpw- \n-ßfp-sSbpw- _m-[y-Xbm-Ip-∂p.-

ssZhtØm-Sv- bÌv-Xn- ]ISn-∏n-°p-Ibpw- Ah\hXcn-∏n-°p-∂

ktµißƒ- ]n-¥p-Scp-Ibpw- Ah≥- I¬-]n-°p-∂ hn-[n-hn-e°p-

Iƒ- ]tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw- sNøp-∂h¿- hn-Pbn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- kam[m-

\kºq¿-Wam-b Hcp- ù-Xn-IPo-hn-Xw- am-Xa√ im-iz-Xhpw-

t¢iteian-√m-ØXp-am-b ]ctem-IPo-hn-Xw- Iq-Sn- Ah∂p- e`n

°pw.- adn-®v,- Bcm-[\Iƒ- ssZhkrjvSn-Iƒ-°¿-∏n-°p-Ibpw-

ssZhn-Iktµißsf XrWhXv-Icn-°p-Ibp-w- Ahs≥d hn-[n-hn-

e°p-Isf A\p-kcn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw- sNøp-∂h∂v- AXym¿-Øn-

bpw- Ac£n-Xt_m-[hpw- krjv-Sn-°p-∂ Akam-[m-\w- Cltem-

IØpw- im-iz-X\cIhm-kw- ]ctem-IØpw- ]Xn-êam-bn- e`n-

°pw.- acWm-\¥c Po-hn-Xw- anYy-bm-b Hcp- k¶¬-]a√.- krjv-

Sn-I¿-Øm-hv- Adn-bn-®p-X∂n-cn-°p-∂ AXn-alØm-b Hcp- bm-Ym¿-

Y-y-asX AXv.- Xn-Im-ePv-Rm-\n-bm-b k¿-hiIv-X\m-bn-cn-°pw- B

tem-IØn-s≥-d hn-[n-I¿-Øm-hv- F∂Xn-\m¬- ip-]m¿-iItfm- a‰v-

]tem-`\ßtfm- Ahn-sS hn-et∏mhp-Ibn-√'.-

CXv- ]d™Xn-s≥-d t]cn-em-bn-cp-∂p- a¿-Z\ßsf√mw.- Cu-

a¿-Z\ßfn¬- ]hm-NIs≥-d ho-cyw- tNm¿-∂p-t]m-bn-√.- kXy-

aX]t_m-[\w- \n¿-Øn-sh°m≥- At±lw- Xo-cp-am-\n-®n-√. F¥n-

\[n-Iw! CXsb√mw- Xs∂ a¿-Z-n-® B kaq-lØn-s≥d \∑°p-

th≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂p- B ]hm-NI≥- ]m¿-Y-n-®Xv.- A¬- p-Xw-! GsXm-

cp- kaq-lØn-s≥-d im-iz-Xtam£Øn-\p-th≠n- At±lw- A£o-

Ww- ]h¿-Øn-°p-∂p-thm-,- AtX kaq-lw-Xs∂ At±l sØ

Is√Sp-sØdn-bp-∂p.- At∏mƒ-- t]m-epw- B Im-cp-Wy-Øns‚- ]hm-

NI≥- Xs≥-d kap-Zm-bØn-s≥-d \∑°v-th≠n- ]m¿-Y-n-°p-Ibm-

bn-cp-∂p.-

a¿-Z-n-°s∏Sp-tºmƒ- B a¿-Z-n-X¿-°v- t\¿-am¿-Kw- Im-Wn-®p-sIm-

Bthihpw- DW¿-hp-ap-≠m-°n.- "kaq-lØn¬- n-∂n-∏p-≠m-°p∂'-

ap-lΩZn-s\ h[n-°p-hm-\m-bn- Du-cn-∏n-Sn-® hmfp-am-bn- Cdßn-∏pd

s∏´ Da¿-,- Ckv-emw-aX hn-izm-kn-bm-b kz-ktlm-Zcn-bn¬-\n-∂v-

Jp¿B≥- hN\ßƒ- ihn-®t∏mƒ- "CXv- ssZhhN\a√m-sX

as‰m-∂p-a√'- F∂v- BXv-aKXw- sNøp-Ibpw- ]hm-NIs\ sN∂p-

I≠v- Ckvem-am-t«jn-°p-Ibp-amWp-≠m-bXv.- Dadn-s≥-dbpw- lwk

bp-sSbpw- a\wam-‰tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn- a\ n¬- hn-izm-khp-am-bn- Ign™n-

cp-∂ ]ecpw- ]cky-am-bn- hn-izm-k]Jym-]\w- \SØm≥-

k∂≤cm-bn-: hn-dfn- ]n-Sn-® iXp-°ƒ- ]q¿-hm-[n-Iw- iIv-Xn-tbmsS

a¿-Z\ßƒ- Agn-®p-hn-´p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.-

arKßsft∏m-epw- \m-Wn-∏n-°p-∂ \o-Nam-b a¿-Z\ap-dIƒ-.- Ccp

ºp-]gp-∏n-®v- ap≥-Zzm-cØneq-sS Ip-Øn-°b‰n-sIm-≠v- sImesN

øs∏´ [o-ch\n-X kp-aø (d).- Xo-sIm-≠v- Icn-°s∏Sp-Ibpw- Dcp-

In-sbm-en-°p-∂ ap-dn-hp-Itfm-Sp-Iq-Sn- Np- p-s]m-≈p-∂ aWen¬- In-

SØp-Ibpw- ]n-∂o-Sv- FSp-Øp-sh≈Øn¬- ap-°p-Ibpw- sNøs∏´p-

sIm-≠n-cp-∂ AΩm-dp-_v-\p- bm-kn¿- (d). ssIIm-ep-Iƒ- Nße

Ifm¬- _\v-[n-s∏ v- Np- p-s]m-≈p-∂ acp- q-an-bn¬- ae¿-Øn-°n-SØn

am-dØv- aet]m-ep-≈ I√v- Ib‰n-sh®v- a¿-Z-n-°s∏´t∏m-gpw- ssZhw-

GI\m-sW∂v- Dss®kv-Xcw- ]Jym-]n-® _n-emep-_v-\p- d_mlv-

(d). Cßs\ FXsbX DZm-lcWßƒ.- kXy-aXØn¬- hniz-

kn-®p- F∂ Im-cWØm¬- am-Xw- a¿-Zn-°s∏´hcmbn-cp-∂p- Chsc

√m-w-Xs∂.-

CsX√mw- F¥n\p-th≠nbm-bn-cp-∂p?-- arKo-bam-bn- a¿Z-n°

s∏Sm-\pw- \m-ń¬-\n-∂pw- ASn-t®m-Sn-°s∏Sm-\pw- am-Xw- F¥p-

sX‰m-bn-cp-∂p- B ]hm-NI≥- sNbv-XXv?- kaq-lØn¬- \n-∂v-

_ln-jv-Icn-°s∏Sm≥- am-Xw- F¥v- XØ-z-ßfm-Wv- At±lw-

]t_m-[\w-sNbv-XXv?- "kq-cy-Nµ\£Xm-Zn-Ifpw- `q-an-bn-se

AtNX\hpw- ktNX\hp-am-b kIehkv-Xp-°fpw- krjv-Sn-

®h\m-b ssZhw- GI\m-Wv.- a\p-jy-Po-hn-XØn-\v- A\p-Iq-eam-

b km-lNcy-ßƒ- krjv-Sn-°pIbpw- hm-bp-hpw- sh≈hpw- \¬-

Ip-Ibpw- Blm-cßƒ-°m-hiy-am-b kw-hn-[m-\ßƒ- G¿-s∏Sp-

Øp-Ibpw- sNbv-X,- Ghscbpw- P\n-∏n-°p-Ibpw- Po-hn-∏n-°p-Ibpw-

acn-∏n-°p-Ibpw- sNøp-∂ B GIssZhØn-\p-am-Xta Bcm[\



Sp-°Wta F∂v- ]m¿-Y-n-°p-∂ Im-cp-Wy-Øn-\v- am-\hNcnX

Øn¬- thsd am-XrIbp-t≠m?- Xz-m-C^n¬- sh®m-Wv- kw-`hw.-

s]‰p-hf¿-∂ \m-ń¬,- kXy-aX ktµiw- FØn-®p- F∂Xn-s≥-d

t]cn¬- a¿Z\ßƒ-°v- hn-t[bam-°s∏´t∏m-sg√mw- At±lØn\v-

Xm-ßpw- XWep-am-bn- h¿-Øn-®Xv- ]n-Xrhy≥- A_q-Xzm-en-_pw-

`m-cy- JZo-Pbp-ambn-cp-∂p.- Ah¿- c≠p-t]cp-sSbpw- acWw- At±l

Øn-t\‰ I\sØm-cp- BLm-Xam-bn.- Cu- AhkcØn-em-Wv-

IpSpw-_°m-cm-b kJo-^v- tKm-XØn-s≥-d klm-bhpw-tXSn-

At±lw- Xzm-C^n-seØn-bXv.- Ahtlf\ßfn¬-\n-∂pw- A]am

\ßfn¬-\n-∂pw- A¬-]w- Bizm-kw-tXSn- Xßfp-sS ]tZisØ

Øn-b _\v-[p-hn-s\ Iq-Sp-X¬- Ahtlfn-°p-Ibm-Wv- Xzm-C^p-

Im¿- sNbv-XXv.- Xs≥-d Ip-Spw-_°m¿- Cf°n-hn- AßmSn ]nt≈

cpw- du-Un-Ifpw- Iq-Sn- Iq-hn-hn-fn-®pw- ]p-e`y-w-]d™pw- ]cn-lkn®pw-

At±lsØ ]n-≥-Xp-S¿-∂p.- At±lØn-s≥-d ]m-Zßfn¬-\n-∂v-

apdn-th‰v- tNm-c hm¿-s∂m-gp-In.- Xf¿-∂p- Ip-gßn-b At±lw- \o≠

aq-∂v- \m-gn-I Zq-csØ Iq-hn-hn-fn-Iƒ-°pw- It√dp-Iƒ-°p-w tijw-

DXv-_Øp-_n≥- d_o-Abp-sS tXm-´Øn¬- A`bw-tXSn.- AhnsS

\n-∂t±lw- ]m-¿-Y-n-®p-: "A√mlp-th Ch¿-°v- \o- k∑m¿-Kw- Im-

Wn-®p-sIm-Sp-t°Wta.- Ch¿- sNøp-∂sX¥m-sW∂v- Ch¿-°p-

Xs∂ Adn-bn-√'.-

Ahkm-\w- BZ¿-ikp-c£n-XXz-Øn-\p-th≠n- \m-Sp-hn-SpI

b√m-sX KXy-¥can-s√∂ Ahkv-Ybp-≠m-bn.- ]hm-NI\pw- A\p-

Nc∑m-¿-°pw- A`bw- \¬-Im-sat∂‰ bYv-cn-_n-te°v- sNdp-kw-

Lßfm-bn- BZyw- A\p-bmbn-Ifm-Wv- bm-XXn-cn-®Xv.- ap-kv-enw-

Iƒ- an-°hm-dpw- t]m-bn-°gn-™p.- Cu- AhkcØn¬- iXp-°ƒ-

B alm-\m-b ]hm-NIs\ h[n-°m-\p-≈ Kq-Vm-tem-N\ \SØp-

Ibm-bncp-∂p.- At±lsØ h[n-°m-\m-bn- iXp-°ƒ- ho-Sp

hf™p.- ]t£,- ssZhklm-bØm¬- Ahscm-∂pw- Im-Wm-sX

Xn-I®pw- hn-kv-abm-hlam-bn- ]hm-NI≥(k)-- Xs≥-d k¥Xk

lNm-cn-bm-b A_q-_°dnt\m-(d)sSm-∏w- bYv-cn-_n-seØn-t®¿-

∂p.- Cu- kw-`htØm-Sp-Iq-Sn- bYv-cn-_v- ]´Ww- aZo-\Øp-dkq¬-

˛ssZhZq-Xs≥-d ]´Ww˛Bbn- Adn-bs∏´p.- B ]´WØn-ep-≠m-

bn-cp-∂h¿- A≥-km-dp-Ifpw- klm-bn-Iƒ- a°bn¬-\n-∂p-h∂h¿-

ap-lmPn-dp-Ifp- ]-em-b\w-sNbv-Xh¿- am-bn- Adn-bs∏´p.- \m-Spw- ho-

Spw- Ip-Spw-_hpw- kºm-Zy-ßfp-sa√mw- Dt]£n-®p-sIm-≠v- hn-izm-

kkw-c£WØn-\p-th≠n- \SØs∏´ Cu- alØm-b ]-emb\˛

ln-Pv-d˛Øn-s≥-d IW°p-]n-Sn-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv- ln-Pv-dh¿-jsa∂

ImeKW\m- kºZm-bw- Bcw-`n-®Xv.-

aZo-\bn¬- Hcp- ]p-Xn-b kaq-lw- cq-]w-sIm-≈p-Ibm-bn-cp-∂p.-

ap-lm-Pn-dp-Ifp-sbSpw- A≥-km-dp-Ifp-sSbpw- kΩn-iam-b Hcp- ]pXn-

b kaq-lw.- Cu- kaq-lØn\v- BXn-Yysam-cp-°n-bXv- A≥-km-dp

Ifm-bn-cp-∂p.- kXy-hn-izm-kn-Ifm-bXn-\m¬- \m-Sp-hn-tS≠n-h∂

ktlm-Zc∑m-cm-b ap-lm-Pn-dp-Ifp-am-bn- kz-¥w- ho-Spw- \m-Spw-

kºØpw- Ip-Spw-_hp-sa√mw- ]¶p-sh°m\h¿- k∂≤cm-bn.- Ckv

em-w- hn-`m-h\w -sNøp-∂ Hcp- am-XrIm-kaq-lØn-s≥-d krjv-Sn-

bm-bn-cp-∂p- Ahn-sS \S∂Xv.- B kaq-lØn¬- \n-∂v- B-Zyw D∑q

-e\w- sNøs∏´Xv- krjv-Sn-Itfm-Sp-≈ Bcm-[\bm-bn-cp-∂p.- B

kaq-lØn¬- BZyw- thcp-d∏n-®Xv- AN©eam-b GIssZhhn

izm-khpw- ]ctem-It_m-[hp-am-bn-cp-∂p.- GIssZhØn-ep-≈ hn-

izmkØn-seØnt®¿-∂ B kaq-lØn¬- ]n-s∂bp-≠m-b ]cn

h¿-Ø\ßsf√mw- hfsc s]s´∂m-bn-cp-∂p.- GIssZhØn-s≥d

ap-∂n¬- Ghcpw- ka∑m-cm-sW∂v- Ah¿- ]Tn-∏n-°s∏´t∏mƒ-

a°°m-cs\∂pw- aZo-\°m-cs\∂p-ap-≈ ]m-tZin-IXz-Øn-s≥-d

then-s°´p-Iƒ- s]m-fn-®p-sIm-≠v- Ah¿- c≠p-Iq-ćpw- ktlmZc

∑m-cm-bn- am-dn.- hn-izm-kn-Iƒ- ktlm-Zc∑m-cm-sW∂v- a\ n-em°

s∏´t∏mƒ- A≥-km-dp-Iƒ-°n-Sbn¬- \q-‰m-≠p-Ifm-bn- ]p-I™p-

sIm-≠n-cp-∂ Hu-kv- Jkv-dPv- tKm-Xsshcy-w- Ahkm-\n-∏n-®p-sIm

≠v- Benw-K\w- sNbv-Xp.- kv-Xo-Ifpw- ]p-cp-j∑m-sct∏m-se kzm

X¥y-hpw- AhIm-ißfpw- BiIfp-sa√m-ap≈hcm-sW∂v

]Jym-]n-°s∏´t∏mƒ- B`n-Pm-Xy-Øn-s≥-d t]cn¬- s]¨-Ip-ń-

Isf Ip-gn-®paq-Sp-∂ kºZm-bØn-\v- Adp-Xn-h∂p.- aZy-]m-\hpw-

Nq-Xm-´hpw- ssew-Kn-IZp-cm-Nm-cßfpw- ]n-im-Nn-s≥-d ]h¿-

Ø\ßfpw- Ah \cIØn-te°v- ASp-∏n-°p-∂hbpam-sW∂v-

]kv-Xm-hn-°s∏´t∏mƒ- akv-Xn-jvIsØbpw- kºØn-s\bpw- hn-

Im-cßsfbpw- ASn-aIfm-°n- sh®n-cp-∂ kºZm-bßfn¬-\n-∂v-

B kaq-lw- ap-Iv-Xam-bn.- ]en-ibpw- km-ºØn-INq-jWßfpw-



\n-tcm-[n-°s∏´tXm-sS B kaq-lØn-se km-ºØn-I]iv\ß

ƒ-°p-≈ ]cn-lm-cap-≠m-bn.-

FX s]´∂m-bn-cp-∂p-sht∂m- Cu- am-‰ßƒ-! \n-an-jßƒ-sIm-

≠m-Wv- ]e \n-baßfp-w- ]Nm-cØn¬-h∂Xv.- k¿-hiIv-X\pw-

k¿-hIm-ePv-Rm-\n-bpw- AtXm-sSm-∏w- ]caIm-cp-Wn-I\p-am-b Hcp-

ssZhØn-epw- Ah∂v- am-Xw- A[n-Im-cap-≈ acWm-\¥cPo-hnX

Ønepw- Ah¿-°p-≈ hn-izm-kw- cq-V-aq-eambt∏mƒ- B kaql

Øn¬- am-‰ßfp-≠m-Im≥- Ffp-∏am-bn-cp-∂p.- aZy-]m-\n-Ifm-b,- A√,-

aZy-Øn¬- ap-ßn-°p-fn-®n-cp-∂ Ad_n-Itfm-Sv- "\n-ßfXn¬-\n-∂v-

hn-can-°p-hms\m-cp-°ap-t≠m'--1 sb∂v- tNm-Zn-t°≠ Xm-akta

D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q- AhcXn¬-\n-∂v- kºq¿-Wam-bn- ap-Iv-Xcm-bn.-

B I¬-]\ h∂t∏mƒ- aZo-\bn-se aZy-ap-Xem-fnamcm--cpw- Xßƒ-

\n¿-an-®p-sh® aZy-sa¶n-epw- hn¬-°m≥- A\p-hZn-°Wsa∂v- \nth

Z\w- \¬-In-bn-√.- Ahn-sSbp-≈ aZy-sØm-gnem-fn-Ifm-cpw- Xs∂

Xßfp-sS sXm-gn¬- \jv-Ss∏´p-sh∂v- ap-Zm-hm-Iyw- ap-g°n-bn-√.-

dh\yq- hcp-am-\w- \jv-Ss∏Sp-sa∂v- Bcpw-Xs∂ Kn-cn-]`m-jWw-

\SØn-bn-√.- ssZhn-II¬-]\ ihn-t°≠ Xm-akw- Ahn-sS aZy

°p-∏n-Iƒ- s]m-ń-®n-Xdn.- ho-∏Iƒ- adn-™p-ho-Wp.- aZo-\bnse

sXcp-ho-Yn-Ifn-eq-sS aZy-Øn-s≥-d Nm-ep-Iƒ- Hgp-In.- CXm-bn-cp∂p-

]hm-NI≥- krjv-Sn-® hn-πhw.- At±lØn-s≥-d Bbp-[ßƒ-

hm-tfm- Atºm- shSn-bp-≠Itfm- Bbn-cp-∂n-√.- GIssZhØn-

ep-≈ hn-izm-khpw- ]ctem-It_m-[hpw- am-Xw.-

F√m- A¿-YØn-epw- ]hm-NIs\ A\p-kcn-°p-∂ Hcp- kaqlw-

Ahn-sSbp-≠m-bn.- Ah¿-°v- ]m-cXn-Iku-Jy-Øn-\p-th≠ D]tZ

ißƒ- \¬-Ip-I am-Xam-bn-cp-∂n-√ At±lØn-s≥-d ISa.- ]Xyp

X- B kaq-lØn-s≥-d \n-e\n¬-]n-\m-hiy-am-b \n-ba\n¿tZi

ßƒ- \¬-Ip-I Iq-Sn- At±lØn-s≥-d I¿-Øhy-am-bn- am-dn.- hnizm

kn-Ifp-sS kaq-lsØ \in-∏n-°m-\m-bn- Ahn-izm-kn-Ifm-b a°

°m¿- kIehn-[ X¥ßfpam-hn-jv-Icn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xn-\m¬-

B kaq-lØn-\v- iIv-Xamb Hcp- cWt\XrXzw-Xs∂ Bhiyam-

bn-cp-∂p.- Aßs\ A¥n-a]hm-NI≥- B kaq-lØn-s≥-d cWm

[n-]≥ -Iq-Sn-bm-bn.- "\n-s∂t∏m-se Hcp- ]hm-NIs\ Ahcp-sS

ktlm-Zc∑m-cn¬-\n-∂v- Ah¿-°m-bn- Db¿-Øp'-1sa∂v- \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ-

°p-ap-ºv- I¿-Øm-hv- tam-itbm-Sv -sNbv-X hm-Kv-Zm-\w- \n-dth‰s∏Sp-

Ibm-bn-cp-∂p.- tam-ibpw- ap-lΩZpw- P\n-®Xv- Akm-[m-cWam-bn

´√.2- c≠pt]¿-°pw- am-Xm-hpw- ]n-Xm-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- c≠p-t]cpw-

hn-hm-ln-Xcm-hp-Ibpw- Ip-™p-ßfp-≠m-hp-Ibpw-sNbv-Xp.- Ct∏mgn-

Xm- tamisbt∏m-se ap-lΩZpw- kaq-lØn-se cWm-[n-Im-cnbm-

bn- am-dn-bXv- \m-w- Im-Wp-∂p.- tam-isbt∏m-se ap-lΩZpw- ]p-Xnb

\n-baßfpw- Po-hn-Xco-Xn-Ifpw- sIm-≠p-h∂n-cn-°p-∂p.-3 I¿-Øm-

hn-s≥-d hm-Kv-Zm\w- Hcn-°ep-w- ]m-gm-bn-t∏m-In-√.- tam-ibv-°v- kZriy-

\m-b Hcp- ]hm-NIs\Øs∂ Ah≥- A¥n-a]hm-NI\m-bn-

\ntbm-Kn-®p.- Aßs\ ]hm-NIXz-am-Ip-∂ sNt¶m-epw- cm-PZWv

Upw- blq-Zm-bn¬-\n-∂v- Hgn-™p-t]m-Im≥- th≠n-bp-≈ AhImin-

bp-sS4 BKa\w- Ckm-bo-ey-cp-sS ktlm-Zc∑m¿-°n-Sbn¬- \n-

∂p-Xs∂bm-bn-cp-∂p.- A_lm-an-s≥-d Cfb ]p-X\m-b Ckv-lm-

Jn-s≥-d k¥Xn-]cºcIfm-b Ckm-bo-ey-cp-sS ktlmZ-c∑m¿,-

A_lman-s≥dXs∂ aq-ØaI\m-b Ckv-am-bo-en-s≥d k¥Xn

Ifm-b Ad_nIfm-sW∂v- hy-Iv-Xw.- Ad_n-Ifn¬-\n-∂qw- Db¿Ø

s∏´ ap-lΩZv- (k) Xs∂bm-Wv- "\n-ßfp-sS ktlm-Zc∑m¿-°nS

bn¬- \n-∂p-b¿-Øp'-sa∂v- Ckm-bo-ey-tcm-Sv- \¬-In-b hm-Kv-

ZØzØn-s≥-d ]q¿-Øo-IcWhp-am-bn- Ab°s∏´ ]hm-NI≥.-

aZo-\bn¬- Ckv-em-an-Ikaq-lw- hf¿-∂p-sh∂dn-™ a°m-apiv-

cn-°p-Iƒ-°v- Ien-Ibdn.- Xßfp-sS ]n-Xm-°fn¬-\n-∂v- e`n-® hnizm-

km-Nm-cßfp-sS kw-c£WØn-\m-bn- ]p-Xn-b aXsØ D∑eq-\w

sNøm\h¿- Xo-cp-am-\n-®p.- aZo-\bn-se Pq-X∑m-cp-am-bn- D]Pm]

Ønte¿-s∏´pw- Kq-V-mtem-N\Iƒ- \SØn-bpw- ap-kv-enw-kaql

sØ \in-∏n-°p-hm≥- Ah¿- ]cn-ian-®p.-

\n-e\n¬-]n-\p-th≠n- hm-sfSp-°p-Ib√m-sX as‰m-cp- am¿Khpw-

apkv-enw- kaq-lØn-s≥-d ap-ºn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.- Aßs\ A¥na

]hm-NIs≥-d Im-eL´Øn-se BZy-sØ bp-≤ap-≠m-bn.- k¿h

1. Jp¿B≥ 5:91

1. Bh¿Ø\w 18:182. tbip P\n®Xv XnI®pw Akm[mcWambn´mbncp∂p3. tbip ]pXnb \nbaßsfm∂pw sIm≠ph∂nń√. tamsi sIm≠ph∂

\ymb]amWØnse \nbaßsf \nh¿Øn°pI amXamWv sNbvXXv. (aØmbn 5: 17˛18)

4. D¬]-Øn 49:10



hn-[ k∂m-lßfp-am-bn- h∂ Bbn-cØn¬-]cw- Bfp-Ifp-≠m-

bn-cp-∂ iXp-ssk\y-hp-am-bn- ]cn-an-Xam-b kPv-Po-IcWßƒ-

amXap-≠m-bn-cp-∂ aq-∂q-‰n-∏Xn-aq-∂v- t]cp-≈ hn-izm-kn-Ifp-sS

ssk\yw- _Zdn¬-sh®v- G‰p-ap-ń.- ]hm-NI≥- Icfp-cp-In-s°m-

≠v- ]m¿-Yn-®p "A√m-lp-th,- Cu- sNdp-kw-Lw- C∂v- \in-®p-t]m-

Ip-Ibm-sW¶n¬- ]n-s∂ \n-s∂am-Xw- Bcm-[n-°p-∂hcm-cpw- `q-

ap-JØp-≠m-In-√. \o Rßsf A\p-Kln-t°Wta'.- bp-≤w-

\S∂p.- Ckv-em-an-s≥-d ]Yabp-≤Øn¬- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- hn-Pbn-®p.-

_Zv-dn¬-sh®v- Fgp-]Xv- Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒ- acWs∏´t∏mƒ- kXy-

hn-izm-kn-Ifn¬-s∏´ ]Xn-\m-ep-t]¿- cIv-Xkm-£n-Ifm-bn.

]ns∂bpw- ]hm-NI\pw- A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ-°pw- bp-≤w-sNtø≠n-

h∂p. Dlv-Zv,- J≥-ZJv-,- Alv-km-_v,- ssJ_¿,- lp-ss\≥- Xp-Sßn-

GXm\p-w- bp-≤ßƒ.- Chsbm-∂pw-Xs∂ \m-Sv-shń-∏n-Sn-°m-t\m-

km-am-Pyw- hn-kv-XrXam-°m-t\m- th≠n-bmbn-cp-∂n-√.- hn-izm-kkw-

c£WØn-\pw- BZ¿-ia\p-kcn-®v- Po-hn-°p-hm-\p-≈ AhIm-

iØn-\pwth≠nbm-bn-cp-∂p.-

]hm-NI≥- Hcp- alØm-b hn-πham-Wv- \bn-®sX∂ Im-cy-

Øn¬- Ncn-Xadn-bp-∂h¿-s°m-∂pw- kw-ibap-≠m-Im-\n-Sbn-√.-

XnI®pw- kw-kv-Im-ciq-\y-cm-b Hcp- P\Xsb tem-IØn-\p- ap-gp-

h≥- am-XrIbm-b Hcp- kaq-lam-bn- am-‰n-sbSp-°p-hm≥- At±lØn

\v- th≠n-h∂Xv- shdpw- Ccp-]Øn-aq-∂v- h¿-jßfm-Wv.- Cu- Ccp-

]Øn-aq-∂v- h¿-jßƒ-°p-≈n¬- At±lØn-\v- t\cn-tS≠n-h∂

cq-]Øn-ep-≈ FXn¿-∏p-Iƒ- Fgp-Xs∏´ Ncn-XØn¬- B¿-°pw-

t\cn-tS≠n-h∂n-ń-√.- kz-¥w- hn-izm-km-Z¿-ißƒ- kw-c£n-°m-

\m-bn- kacw- sNtø≠n-h∂ \_n- ]s¶Sp-Ø bp-≤ßfn-se√mw-

Iq-Sn- sIm-√s∏´Xv- tIhew- Bbn-cØn-]Xn-s\´p-- t]¿- am-Xam-

bn-cp-∂p!- hn-πhßfp-sS t]cn¬- Cu- `q-an-bn¬- No-¥s∏´ tNm-

cbp-am-bn- Xm-cXayw-sNøptºmƒ- CsXXam-Xw- \n- m-cam-Wv.-

^©v-hn-πhØn¬- sIm-√s∏´Xv- Adp-]Øm-dv- e£w- a\pjy-cm-

Wv.- Hcp-tIm-Sn-bn-e[n-Iw-t]cp-sS tNm-cNn--¥n-s°m-≠m-Wv- djy-bn-

se alØm-b hn-πhw- \S∂Xv.- H∂mw-tem-Ialm-bp-≤Øn¬-

sIm-√s∏´hcp-sS kw-Jy- Fgp-]Øn-aq-∂v- e£am-bn-cp-∂p-sh¶n¬-

c≠m-w-tem-Ialm-bp-≤ØneXv- \q-‰n-bm-dv- e£am-bn-cp-∂p.- Cu-

hn-πhßsfs°m-≠v- a\p-jy-s\¥v- t\Sn?- \m-Kcn-IXbv-°v-

Fs¥¥v-- kw- m-h\Ifm-Wv- Cu- hn-πhßƒ- \¬-In-bXvv-?- DØcw-

h´∏q-Py-sa∂m-Wv.- Ch \bn-® alm-Xv-am-°ƒ-s°Xn-sc B cmPy-

ßfn-ep-≈ P\ßfp-sSXs∂ tcm-jw- Dbcm≥- Xp-Sßn-bn-cn-°p-

∂p.- tIm-Sn-°W°n-\v- P\ßsf sIm-s∂m-Sp-°n-s°m-≠v- "alØm

b hn-πh'-Øn-eq-sS tkm-jy-en-kv-‰v- kaq-lØn-\p- ian-®hcp-sS

]Xn-aIƒ-°p-t\sc Is√dn-™p-sIm-≠v- ]n-©p-Ip-™p-ßƒ-

Ahtcm-Sp-≈ ]Xn-tj[w- ]ISn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ- Ahcp-sS kn-≤m¥

ßƒ- am-‰n-adn-®p-sIm-≠v- cWm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ- Ahtcm-Sp-≈ AhPvR

AhXcn-∏n-°p-∂p.- At∏mƒ- B hn-πhßƒ-°p-th≠n- Nn-¥s∏´

cIv-Xw- ap-gp-h≥- hrYm-hn-embn-cp-∂p-sh∂v- \ap-°v- t_m-[y-s∏Sp-

∂p.- F∂m¬- ]hm-NIs≥-d hn-πhtam?- shdpw- Bbn-cØn]Xn-

s\´v-- t]¿- am-Xw- sIm√s∏´p-sIm-≠v- \S∂ B alØm-b km-w-

kvv-Im-cn-Ihn-πhØn-\v- Xp-ey-am-b Hcp- hn-πhw- am-\hNcn-XØn-

ep-t≠m?- C√ F∂m-Wv- DØcw.- Atd_y-bn¬-\n-∂p-hcp-∂ alm-

Nm-cy-\m-b alm-aZv-hn-πhw- krjv-Sn-°p-∂h\pw- Xo-£v-WkacØn-

eq-sS ip-≤o-IcWw- BKln-°p-Ibpw- sNøp-∂h\m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂

`hn-jy¬-]pcm-WØn-eq-sSbp-≈ hym-kap-\n-bp-sS ]hN\Øn-

s≥-d1 ]q¿-Øo-IcWw,- alØm-b hn-πhßƒ- krjv-Sn-°p-Ibpw-

kXy-aXkz-m-X¥y-Øn-\p-th≠n- Xo-£v-Wam-bn kacw-sNøm≥-

I¬-]n-°p-Ibpw-sNbv-X ]hm-NIs≥-d Ncn-XØn-em-Wv- \ap-°v-

Im-Wm≥- Ign-bp-∂Xv.-

aZo-\bn¬- Hcp- Ckv-em-an-I kaq-lw- cq]w-sIm-≠p- Ign-™n-

cp-∂p.- ASn-aIfpw- DSaIfpw- ka∑m-cm-bn- am-dn-b kaq-lw.- aZyØn

¬-\n-∂pw- Nq-Xm- ßfn¬-\n-∂pw- Xn-I®pw- ap-Iv-Xam-b Hcp- kaqlw.-

AIan-bm-b cm-Pm-hn-s≥-d ap-∂n-epw- kXyw- Xp-d∂p-]dbm-≥-

ss[cyw- Im-Wn-°p-∂ kaq-lw.- k¿-thm-]cn- k¿-hiIv-Xs≥-d

ap-∂n¬-am-Xw- in-c v- \an-°p-∂ Hcp- kaq-lw.- Cu- kaq-lsØ

XI¿-°m-\m-Wv- a°bn-se ]m-cºcy- hn-izm-kn-Iƒ- ian-®p-sIm-

≠n-cp-∂Xv.- ]eXcw- BIaWßfpw- kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ- kln®p.-

k‘n-kw-`m-jWßƒ-°v- Ah¿- k∂≤cm-bn.- ]s£ Ahn-izm-

kn-Iƒ- Ahcp-sS kIehn-[ kºØpw- iIv-Xn-Ifpw- Ckv-em-an

1. `hnjy¬ ]pcmWw 3:3:3:25˛28



AXv.- ]hm-NIs≥d tk\bp-sS \m-bI\m-bn-cp-∂ kAv-Zp-_v-\p-

D_m-Z (d) BthiØm¬- a°°Sp-Øp-\n-∂v- hn-fn-®p-]d™p.-

"CXv- cIv-Xs®m-cn-®n-en-s≥-d Zn-hkam-Ip-∂p'-.- kam-[m-\Øn-s≥-d

]hm-NI≥- AXv- Xn-cp-Øn.- "A√m C∂v- A\p-KlØn-s≥-dbpw-

Icp-Wbp-sSbpw- Zn-\am-Ip-∂p'.- a° ap-gp-h≥- Xßfp-sS Im¬°o-

gn¬- h∂t∏m-fpw- kam-[m-\w- ]hNn-® ]hm-NI\n¬- bn-scay-m-

]hm-NIs≥-d Zo¿-LZ¿-i\Øn-s≥-d ]q¿-Øo-IcWw- \ap-°v- Z¿

in-°mw.- "kam-[m-\w- ]hNn-°p-∂ ]hm-NIs≥-d Im-cy-Øn-em-

Is´ Abm-fp-sS hN\w- kXy-am-bn-Øo-cp-tºmƒ- Abm-sf I¿Øm-

hv- Ab®Xm-sW∂v- Adn-bmw'.1 kam[m-\w- ]hNn-® ]hm

NIs≥d2 hN\ßfn¬- H∂pw- AkXy-am-bn- n-√.- Hscm-‰ hN\hpw-

]p-ecm-Xn-cp-∂nń-√.- a°bn-se Cu- hn-Pbw-Xs∂ At±lØn-eq-

sSbp-≈ Hcp- ]hN\Øn-s≥-d ]q¿-Øo-IcWam-bn-cp-∂p-ht√m.-

Im-cp-Wy-Øn-s≥-d ]hm-NI\p-ap-∂n¬- CXm- Iq-td a\p-jy¿-

]©]pNv-OaS°n- \n¬-°p-∂p.- Bcm-Wn-hsc∂t√?- kXyw ]d

™p-sh∂Xn-s≥-d t]cn¬- \_n-sb kz-¥w- \m-ń¬-\n-∂v- Bń

tbm-Sn-®h¿.- Xn-cpta\n- \akv-Icn-°p-tºmƒ- At±lØn-s≥-d Igp-

Øn¬- HÍØn-s≥-d Ip-S¬-am-eIƒ- Nm¿-Øn-bh¿-.- At±lsØ

Fdn-t™m-Sn-®h¿.- At±lØn-s≥-d ]n-Xrhy-\pw- Ckv-em-an-s≥-d

knw-lhp-am-bn-cp-∂ lw-k(d)sb Dlv-Zn¬- sh®v- NXn-®p-sIm-∂

hlv-in.- lw-kbp-sS sNhn-bpw- aq-°pw- Acn-s™Sp-Øv- am-etIm¿-

ØWn-™v- Ckv-em-an-t\m-Sp-≈ sshcy-w- ]ISn-∏n-® kv-Xo-Iƒ-.-

Ckv-em-an-s≥-d B knw-lØn-s≥-d s\©p- Ip-Øn-∏n-f¿Øn- Icƒ-

hen-s®Sp-Øv- AXv- Nh®p-Xp-∏n- bp-≤`q-an-bn¬- AΩm-\am-Sn-b

lnµv.- kXy-hn-izm-kn-Isf sIm-Spw-Iq-cXIƒ-°v- hn-t[bcm-°n-

bh¿.- kp-aø(d)sb arKo-bam-bn- h[n-®h¿.- bm-kdn-(d)s\ Iqcam-

bn- sIm-∂h¿.- _n-emen-s\(d)bpw- AΩm-dn-(d)s\bpw- a¿-Z-n-®h¿.-

kXy-aXsØ \in-∏n-°m≥- kIehn-[ X¥ßfpw- ]b‰n- ]cm

Pbs∏´h¿.- Ahcp-sS Iøn-en-∂v- A[n-Im-can-√.- Dbcm≥- hm-fp-

Ifn-√.- a¿-Z-n-°m≥- Nm-´hm-dp-Ifn-√.- ]hm-NI≥- F¥p-]d™m-

epw- A\p-kcn-°m≥- k∂≤Xbp-≈,- Bbn-c°W°n-\v -

Ikaq-lsØ \in-∏n-°m≥-th≠n- kam-lcn-®p-sIm-≠ncp-∂p.-

a°bnte°v- Hcp- ]Stbm-´w- \S∂n-s√¶n¬- aZo-\bn-se am-XrIm-

kaq-lsØ \m-am-htijam-°m≥- k¿-hk∂m-lßtfm-Spw-Iq-Sn-

Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒ- IS∂p-hcp-sa∂v- Dd∏m-bn-cp-∂p.- Ahkm-\w- AXp-

Xs∂ kw- hn-®p.- ]hm-NI\pw- kaq-lhpw- ]Xn-Icn-®p.- hn-izmkn-

Ifp-sS Hcp- h≥-ssk\yw- a°bn-te°v- \o-ßn.- "A√m-lp-hm-Ip∂p-

G‰hpw- hen-bh≥'- F∂v- Dss®kv-Xcw- ]Jym-]n-®p-sIm-≠v- B

tk\ a°bn-te°v- IS∂p.- kjv-Sm-hm-b ssZhsØ Bcm-[n°p-

hm-\m-bn- q-an-bn¬- \n¿-an-°s∏´ BZy-sØ h\w- kv-Yn-Xn-sNøp

∂ ]´WØnte°v;- kjv-Sm-hm-b ssZhw-Xºp-cm-s\ am-Xw- Bcm-

[n-°Wsa∂v- Bhiy-s∏´Xn-s≥-d t]cn¬- ]hm-NI\pw- A\pbm-

bn-Ifpw- ]p-dØm-°s∏´ ]tZitØ°v;- "ssZham-Ip-∂p- G‰hpw-

hen-bh≥'-˛A√m-lp- AIv-_¿-˛ F∂ i_v-Zw- A¥co-£Øn¬-

]Iº\w-sIm-≠p.- B ap-Zm-hm-Iyw- Po-hn-XØn¬- ]m-h¿-Øn-

Iam-°n-bhcm-bn-cp-∂p- Ah¿.- ]cºcm-KXam-bn- Bcm-[n-®p-h∂n-

cp-∂ hn-Klßsfbpw- ihIp-So-cßsfbpw- hym-PssZhßsfbpw-

ssIsbm-gn-®h¿-; ssZhsØ am-Xw- Bcm-[n-°p-hm-\p-≈ kzmX

¥y-Øn-\p-th≠n- s]‰p-hf¿-∂ kz-¥w-\m-Sp-t]£n-®h¿;- ho-Spw-

Ip-Spw-_hpw- ths≠∂p-sh®h¿;- Po-hn-XIm-eaXbpw- kºm-Zn®

kz-Øv- ap-gp-h≥- BZ¿-iØn-\p-th≠n- Nn-ehgn-®h¿.- Ahc√msX

a‰m-cm-Wv "A√m-lp- AIv-_¿'- F∂v- ]dbm≥- A¿-lXbp-≈h¿?-

a°sb ]Iº\w- sIm-≈n-®p-sIm-≠v- ]Xn-\m-bn-ctØm-fw-t]¿-

hcp-∂ B ssk\yw- ssIbn¬- Xo-]¥ßfp-am-bn- a°bp-sS ]m

¥ßfn-te°v- ]thin-®p.- A¬-`p-Xw-!- Bh¿-Ø\]p-kvXIØn-

se ]hN\w- Chn-sS ]q¿-Øo-Icn-°s∏´p.- ]m-dm≥- ]¿-h-XØn

se ]Im-in-°p-∂ ssZhØn-s≥d Ahkm-\sØ ]hm-NI≥-

Xs≥-d heXp-ssIbn¬- AKv-\n-Pzm-ebp-am-bn- ]Xn-\m-bn-c°W°n

\v- hn-ip-≤∑m-cn¬-\n-∂v- hcn-I1Xs∂sNbv-Xp.-

kXy-hn-izm-kn-Ifp-tSXm-b B ssk\yw- a° Io-gS°n.- FXn¿

∏n-t≥-dXm-b Bchßtfm- cIv-XØn-s≥-d ]hm-ltam- C√m-sX

Xn-I®pw- im-¥am-bn-s°m-≠m-bn-cp-∂p- tem-INcn-XØn-se AXp

ey-am-b B hn-πhw- \S∂Xv.- Xn-I®pw- kam-[m-\]cam-bn-cp-∂p-

1.- Bh¿-Ø\w- 33:2

1. bn-scaym- 28:92. "Ckv-emw-'- F∂ ]ZØn-\v- kam-[m-\w- F∂pw- A¿-∞ap-s≠∂ Im-cyw- ]tXy-

Iw- ]kv-Xm-hy-am-Wv.



AwKßfp-≈ k¿-hk∂m-lßtfm-Spw- Iq-Sn-b ssk\yw- Ahsc

s]m-Xn-™v- \n¬-°p-∂p.- ]hm-NI≥- Hscm-‰ hm-°p-]d™m¬-

Chcp-sSsb√mw- XeIƒ- Xs≥d Im¬-°o-gn¬- In-S∂v- Dcpfpw.-

Chcp-sS Hm-tcm-cp-Øcp-sSbpw- Icƒ- ISn-®p- Xp-∏m≥- Bbn-cßƒ-

k∂≤cm-hpw.- Chcp-sS Igp-Øn¬- HÍØn-s≥-d Ip-S¬-am-eIƒ-

Nm¿-Øs∏Spw.- ]t£,- ]-hm-NI≥- hn-\bm-\zn-X\m-bn- tNm-Zn-®p:

"C∂v- \n-ßsf¥m-Wv- F∂n¬- \n-∂v- ]Xo-£n-°p-∂Xv?-'- Ah¿-

Zb\o-bam-bn- ]d™p: "\∑,- Xm¶ƒ- am-\y-\pw- am-\y-s≥-d aI\pam-

Ip-∂p-'.- Im-cp-Wy-Øn-s≥-d,- Zbbp-sS,- kv-t\lØn-s≥-d,- A\pIº

bp-sSsb√mw- tem-Iw- I≠ G‰hpw- hen-b am-XrIm-]p-cp-j≥-

sam-gn-™p: "t]m-hp-I,- \n-ßsf√mhcpw- kz-X¥cm-hp-∂p'.- kam

[m-\Øn-s≥-d DØpw-Kam-b DZm-lcWw-! Im-cp-Wy-Øn-s≥-d Xpey-

Xbn-√m-Ø am-XrI.- Cu- ]hm-NI\√m-sX a‰m-cm-Wv- Bh¿Ø\

]p-kv-XIØn¬- ]d™ kam-[m-\Øn-s≥-d ]hm-NI\m-hm≥- A¿-

lXbp-≈ hy-Iv-Xn-Xzw?-

]hm-NI≥- ]q¿W\m-b Hcp- a\p-jy-\m-bn-cp-∂p.- a\p-jy-Xz-

Øn-s≥-d F√m-hn-[ Kp-Wßfpw- At±lØn¬- kºq¿-Wam-bn-

]Im-in-®n-cp-∂p.- ]kw-Kßfpw- D]tZißfpw- am-Xam-bn-cp-∂n√

]hm-NI≥- tem-IØn-\v- kw- m-h\ sNbv-XXvv.- kz-¥w- Po-hn-XsØ-

Xs∂ Xs≥-d BZ¿-ißƒ-°p-≈ ]mtbm-Kn-Iam-XrIbm-bn-

AhXcn-∏n-°m≥- Ign-™p- F∂Xm-Wv- At±lØn-s≥-d G‰hpw-

hen-b hn-Pbw.- em-am¿- n≥- Fgp-Xn.- ""XØ-z-Pv-Rm-\n,- ]kw-KI≥,-

ssZhZq-X≥,- \n-ba\n¿-am-Xm-hv,- t]mcm-fn-,- Bibßfp-sS tPXmhv,-

A_≤k¶¬-]ßfn¬-\n-∂v- ap-Iv-Xam-b BNm-chn-tijßfp-

sSbpw- bp-IvXn-_\v-[p-cam-b hn-izm-k]am-Wßfp-sSbpw- ]p-\xkv-

Ym-]I≥,- Ccp-]Xv- u-Xn-Ikm-am-Py-ßfp-sS- kv-Ym-]I≥- AXmbn-

cp-∂p- ap-lΩZv.- a\p-jy-Xz-Øn-s≥-d F√m- am-\ZWv-Ußfpw- sh®v-

]cn-KWn-°p-tºmƒ- \mw- hy-Iv-X-am-bpw tNm-Zn-t®°mw-: ap-lΩZn

s\°mƒ- alm-\m-b a‰p- h√ a\p-jy-\pap-t≠m!''-1

At±lØn-s≥-d A[n-Im-cPo-hn-Xw- ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I.- A[n-Im-

cØn-s≥-d Db¿-∂ hn-Xm-\Ønem-bn-cp-∂t∏m-gpw- ico-cØn¬- ]m-

b°Æn-Iƒ- ]m-Sp-Ifp-≠m-°p-am-dv- ]cp-]cp-Ø ]\tbm-e∏mb

bn¬- In-S∂p-dßn-b ]hm-NI≥-.- Xs≥-d ]≈n-ap-‰Øv- bp-≤apXep-

Iƒ- Iq-ºm-cam-bn- In-S°p-tºm-gpw- Ip-Spw-_Øn-s≥-d ]ń-Wn-am‰m≥-

AXn¬-\n-s∂Sp-°m-Ø ssZhZq-X≥.- bp-≤ØShp-Im-sc aZo-\m-

\n-hm-kn-Iƒ-°v- Zm-k∑m-cm-bn- G¬-]n-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-tºm-gpw- sh≈w-

hen-® thZ\sb°p-dn-®v- thhem-Xn-s∏Sp-∂ kz-¥w-]p-Xn- mXzn-

a°v- Hcp- the°m-cn-sb AXn¬-\n-∂v-- kzo-Icn-°m≥- A\p-hm-Zw-

sIm-Sp-°m-Ø dkq¬.- Atd_y-bp-sS A¿-[- m-KØn-s≥dbpw- A[n-

Im-cn-Ibm-bn-cn-°p-tºm-gpw- Xs≥-d ho- n¬- Hcp-]n-Sn- [m-\yhpw- Hcp-

Xp-I¬-]m-Xhpw- am-Xw- _m-°n-sh®n-cp-∂ \_n.- B Po-hnXØn-

\v- A[n-Im-cw- kp-Jtem-ep-]Xbv-°p-≈ Hcp- am¿-Kam-bn-cp∂n-√.-

]Xyp-X \o-Xn-\n-¿-hlWØn-\p-≈ ]m-X am-Xambn-cp-∂p.-

At±lØn-s≥-d Ip-Spw-_Po-hn-Xw- t\m-°p-I.- `m-cy-am-tcm-Sv-

At±lw- \o-Xn- ]p-e¿-Øn-bn-cp-∂p.- k¥m-\ßtfm-Sv- At±lw-

kvt\lw- ]ISn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p.- t]c°p- n-Isf hm¬-key]q¿-hw- ]cn

em-fn-°p-hm≥- At±lw- B¿-Øn- Im-Wn-®n-cp-∂p.- ap-lΩZv- F∂

`¿-Øm-hn-s\°p-dn-®v- Hcp- ]cm-Xn-bpw- ]dbm≥- At±lØn-s≥-d

`m-cy-am¿-°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.- ap-lΩsZ∂ ]n-Xm-hn-s\°p-dn-®v- Hcp-

Ip-‰hpw- ]dbm≥- At±lØn-s≥-d a°ƒ-°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.-

Xs≥d Ip-Spw-_°m-tcm-Sv- At±lw- Icp-WIm-Wn-®n-cp-∂p.- Ip-Spw_

_\v-[w- ]p-e¿-Øp-hm≥- At±lØn-\v- ]tXy-Iw- Xm¬-]cyap-≠m-

bn-cp-∂p.-

kvt\l\n¿-`c\pw- Zbm-ephp-am-bn-cp-∂p- ]hm-NI≥.- km-[m

cW k©cn-°p-∂ hgn-bn-se Hcp- ho-ń¬-\n-s∂m-cp- Pq-Xh\n-X

F∂pw- Xs∂ Xp-∏p-∂p-sh¶n-epw- ]hm-NI≥- H∂pw- ]dbp∂n√.-

Hcp- Zn-hkw- B hgn-bn-eq-sS \S°p-tºmƒ- Xs≥-dta¬- Xp-∏¬-

h∂p-ho-gp-∂Xv- Im-Wm-Ø At±lw- tNm-Zn-°p-∂p-: "Fs≥-d kvt\

ln-X Cs∂hn-sSt∏m-bn?- Ahƒ- Cs∂s∂ Im-Wm≥- h∂n-√t√m.'-

Ahƒ Akp-Jam-bn- In-S°p-Ibm-sW∂dn-™ At±lw- Ahsf

kµ¿-in-®v- Ip-iem-t\z-jWßƒ- \SØp-∂p.- Xs∂ ’n-®hsc

i]n-°p-Itbm-- ]o-Un-∏n-®htcm-Sv- ]Xn-Im-cw-sNøp-Itbm- sNbvXn-

√,- At±lw.- Xs∂ Fdn-t™m-Sn-°p-∂hcp-sS \∑°p-th≠n-

At±lw- ]m¿-Y-n-°p-∂Xm-Wv- \mw- Im-Wp-∂Xv.-1.- La Martin-Historie de la Turquie Vol II Page 277



bn-cp-∂p- ap-lΩZv?- \n-c£c\mb Hcp- CSb_m-e≥.- kXy-k\v

[\m-b Hcp- I®hS°m-c≥.- Cu- ap-lΩZn-\v- Fhn-sS\n-∂m-Wv-

\m¬-]-Xm-asØ hb n¬- Cu- Pv-Rm-\sa√mw- e`n-®Xv?- k¿hIm

e]kIv-Xßfm-b [m¿-an-I\n-baßsf√mw- At±lw- Fßs\bm-

Wv- sa\s™Sp-ØXv?- cm-jv-So-bhpw- km-ºØn-Ihp-am-b kn-≤m-

¥ßƒ- Fßs\bm-Wv- ]S-®Xv?- Hcn-°epw- am-‰Øn-cp-Øep-Iƒ-

th≠n-h∂n- n-√m-Ø km-∑m¿-Kn-I XØ-z-ßƒ- Fhn-Sp-∂m-Wt±lw-

D≠m-°n-bXv?- Htcsbm-cp- hy-Iv-Xn-Xs∂ DPv-Pz-e\m-b km-aq-ly-

]cn-jv-I¿-Øm-hpw- AXn-ka¿-Y-\m-b \n-baPv-R\pw- iq-c\m-b

ssk\ym-[n-]\pw- AXn-iIv-X\m-b cm-Py-X¥Pv-R\pw- AXn-_p-

≤n-am-\m-b XØ-z-Pv-Rm-\n-bpw- AXn-Xoham-b bÌv-Xn- D≈h\pw-

kv-t\lkº∂am-b Hcp- Ip-Spw-_\m-Y\pw- kv-t\ln-X\pw- F√m

am-bn-cn-°p-I.- F∂n-´t±lw- ]dbp-∂p-: "CsXm-∂pw- Xs≥-d Ign-

hp-sIm-≠√,- ssZhØn-s≥-d Ign-hp-sIm-≠v- am-Xam-Wv.- Ah≥-

am-\hcm-in-°v- am-XrIbm-bn- Fs∂ \n-tbmKn-®ncn-°p-∂p.- \n-ßƒ-

Fs∂ A\p-kcn-°p-I.- AXm-Wv- tam-£Øn-\p-≈ am¿-Kw'-

At±lw- Ifhp- ]d™Xm-bn- sXfn-hp-t≠m?-

C√,-

B Po-hn-XØn¬- h√ alm-]m-]ßfpw- Bsc¶n-epw- Btcm-

]n-®n-´p-t≠m?-

C√.-

AXp-t]m-se \n-kv-Xp-eam-sbm-cp- am-XrI tem-INcn-XØn¬-

Bcp-tSsX¶n-ep-ap-t≠m?-

C√.-

F¶n¬- ]n-s∂ F¥p-sIm-≠v- \ap-°t±lsØ A\p-kcn-®p-

Iq-Sm?- F¥p-sIm-≠v- At±lw- ]d™Xp- hn-iz-kn-®p-Iq-Sm?- F¥p-

sIm≠t±lsØ am-XrIbm-°n-°q-Sm?- F¥p-sIm-≠t±lsØ

]n≥-Xp-S¿-∂p-Iq-Sm?-

At±lØn-eq-sS AhXcn-°s∏´ thZK\v-Ytam?- A¤p-

Xßfp-sS A¤p-Xhpw- hn-Pv-Rm-\km-Kchp-am-WXv.- tIhesam-

cp- aXK\v-Ysa∂Xn-ep-]cn- ap-lΩZn-(k)s≥-d ]hm-NIXz-Øn-

\p-≈ Aam-\p-jn-IZrjv-Sm-¥w- Iq-Sn-bm-WXv.- B Aam-\p-jn-IK\v-

B alm-\m-b hy-Iv-Xn-Xzw- tem-IØn-\p- ap-gp-h≥- ]` hn-Xdn

s°m-≠v- Adp-]Øn-aq-∂v- h¿-jw- Po-hn-®p.- kz-]Xv-\n- Bbn-j(d)bp-

sS aSn-bn¬-In-S∂v- B alm-\p- m-h≥- Cltem-Ihm-kw- shSn™p.-

AXn-\p-ap-ºv,- ln-Pv-d ]Ømw- h¿-jw- Hcp-e£w- A\p-bm-bn-Itfm-

sSm-∏w- At±lw- BZy-tØXpw- Ahkm-\tØXp-am-b lPv-Pp-

\n¿-hln-®p.- Ahn-sSsh®v- At±lw- lPv-PØp¬- hn-Zm-Cse

]kw-Ksa∂v- ]kn-≤am-b ]kw-Kw- sNbv-Xp.- alØm-b Hcp-

a\p-jym-hIm-i ]Jym-]\am-bn-cp-∂p- AXv.- At±lw- ]d™p-:

"A√m-lp-hn-t\m-Sv- Iq-dpw- Ìv-Xn-bp-ap-≈hcm-bn- h¿-Øn-°p-ho≥.-

\n-ßfp-sS cIv-Xhpw- [\hpw- A`n-am-\hpw- ]m-h\am-Ip-∂p.-

\nßfpsS \m-Y\p-am-bn- \n-ßƒ- I≠p-ap-´p-∂ AhkcØn¬-

\nßfp-sS sNbv-Xn-Isf°p-dn-®h≥- tNm-Zyw-sNøpw.- ]en-i \ntcm-

[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- A\n-kv-em-an-IXz-Øn-t≥-dXm-b F√m-hn-[ cIv

X∏IIfpw- ]Xn-Im-c\S]Sn-Ifpw- d±v- sNøs∏ń-cn-°p-∂p.- hgn-

]n-g∏n-°m≥-th≠n- hcp-∂ ]n-im-Nn-s≥-d Zp¿-t_m-[\sØ°p-dn-

®v- Pm-Kcq-Icm-bn-cn-°p-I.- \n-ßtfm-Sv- \n-ßfp-sS ]Xv-\n-am¿-°v- Hcp-

IS∏m-Sp-≈Xp-t]m-se \n-ßƒ-°v- Ahtcm-Sv- IS∏m-Sp-≠v.- \n-ßfp-

sS ap-∂n¬- c≠v- Im-cy-ßƒ- hn-t´®p-sIm-≠m-Wv- Rm≥- t]m-Ip-

∂Xv.- Ah ap-dp-sI ]n-Sn-°p-∂]£w F\n-°p-tijw- \n-ßƒ-

]ng®p-t]m-Ip-Ibn-√.- A√m-lp-hn-s≥-d K\v-Yhpw- Ahs≥-d

ZqXs≥-d Ncy-bp-asX AXv.- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- ]ckv-]cw- ktlm-Zc∑m-

cm-Wv.- \n-ßƒ- ]ckv-]cw- Igp-Ødp-°cp-Xv.- a\p-jy-sc,- \n-ßfpsS

ssZhw- H∂v,- \n-ßfp-sS ]n-Xm-shm-∂v.- \n-ßf√mw- BZan¬-\n∂v.-

BZtam- aÆn¬-\n-∂pw.- Iq-Sp-X¬ ssZhÌv-Xn-bp-≈h\m-Wv- A√m-

lp-hn-¶¬- tijv-T≥.- Ad_n-°v- A\d_n-tb°m-tfm- A\d_n°v-

Ad_n-tb°m-fp-tam- bÌv-Xn-sIm-≠√m-sX bm-sXm-cp- alXzhp-

an-√.- ap-kv-enw-Itf...- F\n-°p-tijw- Hcp- ]hm-NI\n-√.- \n-ßƒ-

°p-tijw- Hcp- kap-Zmbhp-an-√.- \n-ßfp-sS \m-Ys\ Bcm-[n-°pI.-

A©p-t\cw- \akv-Icn-°p-Ibpw- hXa\p-jv-Tn°p-Ibpw- l÷v-

\n¿-hln-°p-Ibpw- sNøpI.- \n-ßfn¬-\n-∂p-≈ `cWI¿-Øm

°sf A\p-kcn-°p-I.- F¶n¬- \n-ßfp-sS \m-Ys≥-d kz¿-KØn¬-

]thin-°mw.-

C\n- \mw- Nn-¥n-°p-I \m¬-]-Xp- hb m-Ip-∂Xn-\p- ap-ºv- Bcm



YsØ sh√p-hn-fn-°m≥- am-\hcm-in-°v- CXp-hsc Ign-™n-ń-√.-

C\n-sbm-´v- Ignbp-Ibp-an-√.-

ap-ºp-≈ thZK\v-Yßfn-se hcm-\n-cn-°p-∂ ssZhZq-Xs\°p-

dn-®p-≈ ap-gp-h≥- ]hN\ßfpw- ap-lΩZv- \_n-bn-eq-sS ]q¿-ØoI

cn-°s∏´Xv- \mw- a\ n-em-°n.- am-\p-jn-I Ichn-cp-Xp-Iƒ-°v- hnt[

bam-°s∏ v- sX‰pw- icn-bpw- kΩn-iam-bn- In-S°p-∂ thZßfn¬-

t]m-epw- ap-lΩZn--(k)s≥-d BKa\sØ°p-dn-®v- hy-Iv-Xam-b

]hN\ßƒ- _m-°n- \n¬-°p-∂p-sh¶n¬- ssZhm-hXo¿-Wam-b

cq-]Øn¬- Ah e`y-am-bn-cp-s∂¶n¬- At±lsØ°p-dn-® Iq-Sp

X¬- ]hN\ßƒ- \ap-°Xn¬- Im-Wm-≥-Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p.- tam-

sisbt∏m-ep-≈ ]hm-NI\pw- kIekXy-Øn-epw- \o-Xn-bn-epw-

hgn-\SØm≥- th≠n- tbip-hn-\p-tijw- h∂ kXy-Øn-s≥-d BXv-

am-hpw- alm-Nm-cy-\m-b acp- q-an-bn-se almaZp-sa√mw- A¥n-a]hm-

NI\m-b ap-lΩZm--(k)-bn-cp-∂psh∂v- Im-Wmw.- alm-aZn-s≥-d A\p-

bm-bn-Iƒ- tNem-I¿-aw- sNøp-∂hcpw- Xm-Sn-hf¿-Øp-∂hcp-w-

]cky-am-bn- ]m¿-Y\°v- £Wn-°p-∂hcpw- Akm∑m¿-§n-IXsb

FXn¿-°p-∂hcpw- ]∂n-amw-ka√m-Ø a‰p- amw-kßƒ- `£n-°p-

∂hcp-sa∂ hym-kap-\n-bp-sS ]hN\w-1 FXtØm-fw- kXy-k\v-

[am-bn- m-Wv- ap-lΩZn-(k)s≥-d A\p-bm-bn-Ifn¬- ]p-e¿-∂n-cn-°p-

∂Xv-!!

˛\ap-°v- hn-iz-kn-°mw-˛

ap-lΩZv-(k)- tem-Ikjv-Sm-hpw- \n-b¥m-hpw- Bcm-[y-\p-am-b

ssZhØn-s≥-d Zq-X\m-Ip-∂p.- kXy-k\v-[\m-b ]hm-NI≥.- ap≥-

]hm-NI∑m-cp-sSsb√mw- ]n≥-Km-an.- a\p-jy-Ip-eØn-∂v- kjv-Sm-

hn-te°p-≈ hgn-Im-ń.-

At±lsØ \n-cp -]m-[n -Iw- A\p-kcn-°p-I. - AXm-Wv-

tam£Øn-te°p-≈ am¿-Kw.-

thZKŸßfn-eq-sS

Hscm-s‰ kapZm-bam-bn-cp-∂ a\p-jy¿-,- ssZhn-Iam¿-Kw- ssIsh

Sn-™Xn-\m¬- `n-∂n-°p-Ibpw- kw-L´\ßfn-te¿-s∏Sp-Ibpw-

sNøp-∂ Ahkv-Ybn-te°v- ]cn-Wan-®p.- ssZhØn-s≥-d hn-[n-hne

°p-Iƒ- ]m-en-°m-ØXn-\m¬- n-∂n-®p-t]m-b Ahsc H∂n-∏n-°phm-

\m-Wv- ]hm-NI∑m¿- \n-tbm-Kn-°s∏´Xvv.- a\p-jy-kap-Zm-bw- n∂n-

®n-´p-≈ hn-jbßfn¬- hn-[n- I¬-∏n-°p-∂Xn-\m-bn- ssZhw-

]hmNI∑m-cn-eq-sS thZK\v-Yhpw- AhXcn-∏n-®p.- FX thZK\v

Yßƒ- AhXcn∏n-°s∏ń-´p-s≠∂v- IrXy-am-bn- \ap-°v- Adn-bn

°s∏ń-ń-√.-

GXm-\pw- thZK\v-Yßfp-sS \m-aßƒ- am-Xam-Wv- Jp¿-B\n¬-

]d™n- p-≈Xv.- AXn¬- Ahkm-\sØ ]hm-NI\n-eq-sS temI

Øn-\v- \¬-Is∏´ ssZhn-IK\v-Yam-Wv- Jp¿-B≥.- aq-km-\_n(A)

°v- AhXcn-∏n-°s∏´ Xu-dm-Øpw- Zm-hq-Zv-\_n-(A)°p- AhXcn-

∏n-°s∏´ C©o-epw- Ahbn¬- Dƒ-s∏Sp-∂p.- ChbXbpw- ssZhn-

IK\v-Yßfpw- sX‰p-Ifn-√m-ØXp-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v- hn-iz-kn-°p-

hm≥- ISs∏´h\m-Wv ap-kv-enw.- Cu- K\v-Yßƒ- AhXcn-°s∏ń-

ń-s√t∂m- As√¶n¬- Ahbn¬- sX‰p-Ifp-≠m-bn-∂p-∂p-sht∂m-

hn-iz-kn-°p-∂h¿- Ckv-em-an-I hrØØn-\v- ]p-dØm-Wv.-

]t£,- Cu- KŸßfn-tesX¶n-ep-sam-∂v- bYm¿-Y-cq-]Øn¬-

C∂v- Ahtijn-°p-∂p-t≠m?- ss__n-fn¬- Im-Wp-∂ tXm-dtbm-

k¶o¿-Ø\ßtfm- kp-hn-tijßtfm- Cu- ssZhn-I K\v-Yßfp1. `hn-jy¬- ]p-cm-Ww- 3: 3: 3: 25˛28

\m-ev-

62


sS icn-∏I¿-∏m-tWm?- AX√,- Ah a\p-jy-\n¿-an-Xßfm-tWm?-

ss__nƒ- ap-gp-h≥- ssZhn-IK\v-Yam-Wv- F∂v- ]dbp-∂tXm,-

AX√,- ss__n-fn¬- a\p-jy-\n¿-an-XhN\ßƒ-°n-Sbn¬- Nn-e

ssZhn-IhN\ßfp-ap-s≠∂v- ]dbp-∂tXm-?- GXm-Wv- icn.- \ap°v-

kw-£n-]v-Xam-bn- ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.-

ss__n-fn-s≥-d Hdn-Pn-\¬- ]Xn- ]p-kv-XIim-eIfn¬- hm-ßm≥-

In-´p-∂n-√.- Adam-b- `m-jtbm- _n-ªn-°¬- Ko-°p- `m-jtbm- ln

_p-thm- H∂p-w-Xs∂ Po-hn-°p-∂ `m-jIfp-a√.- AXp-sIm-≠p-

Xs∂ ss__nƒ- ]T\Øn-\v- ]cn- m-jIsf Ahew-_n-°p-Itb

\ap-°v- \n¿-hm-lap≈q.- AXn¬- an-j\dn-am¿-°pw- adn-s®m-c`n-]m-

ban-√.- ss__n-fn-s≥d Hdn-Pn-\en-\v- Fs¥¶n-epw- ]tXy-IXIfp-

≈Xm-bn- Ah¿- hn-Nm-cn-°p-∂n-√.- AXn-se BibØn-\m-Wv-

]m[m-\y-sa∂m-Wh¿- ]dbp-∂Xv.- AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ In-kv-Xym

\n-Ifn¬- Hcp- iXam-\w- t]m-epw- ss__n-fn-s≥-d aq-e`m-jbn¬-

]m-Yan-IPv-Rm-\sa¶n-epw- D≈hc√.- Ah¿- ]m-cm-bWw- sNøp-

∂Xpw- ]Ncn-∏n-°p-∂Xpsa√mw- ss__n-fn-s≥-d hy-Xy-kv-X `m

jIfn-ep-≈ ]Xn-∏p-Ifm-Wv.- "kXy-thZ ]p-kv-XI'-am-bn- Cu- ]Xn-

∏p-Isf AhXcn-∏n-°p-∂Xn¬- Ah¿-°v- kt¶m-Nsam-∂p-an-√.-

ssZhn-I K\v-Yßsf°p-dn-® Ckv-em-an-I hn-izm-khp-am-bn- CXv-

km-cam-b n-∂n-∏v- ]ISn-∏n-°p-∂p.- ssZhn-IK\v-Yßƒ- AhbpsS

aq-eßtfm-Sp-Iq-Sn- kw-c£n-°s∏SWsa∂pw- ]m-cm-bWw- sNøs∏

SWsa∂p-am-Wv- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- Icp-Xp-∂Xv.- CXn-\v- Im-cWap-≠v.-

ssZhn-IK\v-YØn-se Hm-tcm- ]Zhpw- ssZhn-Iam-bn-cn-°pw.- AXn-

∂v- \mw- \¬-Ip-∂ ]cn-`m-j FXXs∂ tbm-Pn-®Xm-sW¶n-epw-

AXn-∂v- ]cn-an-Xn-Ifp-≠m-bn-cn-°pw.- AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ssZhhm

Iyw- Aßs\ Xs∂ kw-c£n-°s∏tS≠Xp-≠v.- ssZhhm-IyØn

\v- \mw- \¬-Ip-∂ ]cn-`m-j \Ωp-tSXm-Wv.- ssZhØn-t≥-dX√.

AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ AsXm-cn-°epw- ssZhn-IKŸam-bn- Adn-

bs∏´p-Iq-Sm.- AXn-s\ ssZhn-IK\v-YØn-s≥-d ]cn-`m-jbm-bn-

amXsa ]cn-KWn-°m-hq.-

ssZhn-IKŸw- AhXcn-∏n-°p-∂Xv- Xn-Im-ePv-Rm-\n-bm-b

ssZham-Wv.- AXv- ]hm-NI∑m-cn-eq-sS am-Xam-Wv- AhXcn-∏n°

s∏Sp-I.- Im-eØn-\p- AXo-X\m-b ssZhØn-s≥-d hN\ßfn¬-

sshcp-[-y-ap-≠m-Ip-Ibn-√.- Ah≥- ]d™ Im-cy-ßƒ- ]m-]©nI

kXy-ßfp-am-bn- hn-tbm-Pn-∏n-em-bn-°q-Sm.- KŸØn-s≥-d AhXc

tWmt±iyw- P\ßsf k∑m¿-KØnte°p- \bn-°em-Wv.- Ah¿

°v- am-XrIbm-th≠ ]hm-NI∑m-cp-sS kw-ip-≤ Po-hn-Xw- hn-hcn-

°p-I Iq-Sn- sNøp-∂p,- thZK\v-Yßƒ.-- Ahsbm-cn-°epw- a\pjy-

sc hrØntISp-Iƒ- ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xm-bn-°q-Sm.- ]hm-NI∑m-sc \oN

cm-bn- AhXcn-∏n-°p-∂Xm-bn-°q-Sm.- Cu- am-\Zfißfp-sS shfn®

Øn¬- ]gbXpw- ]p-Xn-bXpam-b \n-baßfp-sS tem-IØnte°v-

\ap-s°m-∂v- IS∂p-sN√mw.-

GsXm-cp- K\v-YØn-s≥-dbpw- I¿-Øm-hn-s\°p-dn-®dn-bp-∂Xv-

B K\v-YØn-\Ip-Øp-\n-∂m-Wv.- H∂p-In¬- AXn-s≥-d I¿-Ømhn-

s≥-d t]cv- ]p-dw-N´bn¬- A®Sn-®n--´p-≠m-bn-cn-°pw.- As√¶n¬-

AXn-s≥-d D≈S°Øn-sehn-sSsb¶n-epw- CXv- C∂bm-fp-sS krjv-

Sn-bm-sW∂v- tcJs∏Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°pw.- ss__n-fn-s≥-d Adp-]Øn

bm-dv- ]p-kv-XIßfntem- At∏m-In-^m- KŸßfn-tem- H∂pw

Xs∂ CXv- ssZhn-I hN\am-sWt∂m- As√¶n¬- ssZhw- ]hmN

I∂v- Adn-bn-®p-sIm-Sp-Ø t_m-[\ßfp-sS kam-lm-cam-sWt∂m-

D≈ ]cm-a¿-ißƒ- \mw- Im-Wp-∂n-√.- Ahsb√mw- Xs∂ Ahbp

sS cN\°p- ]n-∂n¬- a\p-jy-Icßfm-Wp-≈sX∂m-Wv- DXv-tLm

jn-°p-∂Xv.- ssZhn-I hN\ßfp-sS am-Xw- kam-lm-cam-Wv-

ss__n-sf∂v- ssIkv-Xh¿-°p-t]m-epw- A`n-]m-ban-√.- ]cn-ip≤m-

Xv-a ]tNm-Zn-Xcm-b hn-ip-≤∑mcm¬- hn-cNn-Xam-bsX∂v- Cu-

KŸßsf√m-sa∂m-Wh¿- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂Xv.-

Cu- ]p-kv-XIßƒ- cNn-®Xv- hn-ip-≤∑m-cm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v- Xo¿-

Øp-]dbm≥- Ign-bp-tam?- \ap-°v- ]cn-tim[n-°mw.- tam-si FgpXn-

bsX∂v- hn-iz-kn-°s]Sp-∂ \ym-b]am-W ]p-kv-XIßƒ-˛]gb

\n-baØn-se BZy-sØ A©v- ]p-kv-XIßsfSp-°p-I.- D¬-]-Øn,-

]p-d∏m-Sv,- tehy,- kw-Jy,- Bh¿-Ø\w- F∂o- ]p-kv-XIßƒ-.-

Ahbm-Wv- aq-km-\_n-°v- AhXcn-∏n-°s∏´ Xu-dm-sØ (tXmdm)

∂m-Wv- an-j\dn-am-cn¬- Nn-e¿- AhIm-is∏Sp-∂Xv.- tam-si ]hm

NI\v- ko-\m-aebn¬- sh®p- e`n-® ]am-Wßƒ°v- am-Xam-Wv-

"tXm-d'-sb∂ ]Zw- BZy-Im-eßfn¬- D]tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂sX∂v-

64 thZKŸßfn-eq-sS 65


ssIkv-Xh ]Wv-Un-X∑m¿-1 Xs∂ kΩXn-°p-∂p-≠v.- D¬-]-Øn-

ap-X¬- Bh¿-Ø\w- hscbp-≈ ]p-kv-XIßfn¬- H∂p-t]m-epw

]q¿-Wam-bn- tam-si Fgp-Xn-bXs√∂pw- Ah¿- ka¿-Y-n-°p-∂p.2

tam-si Fgp-Xn-bsX∂v- ]cs° hn-iz-kn-°s∏Sp-∂ \ym-a]amW

K\v-Yßfn-se Ahkm-\sØ ]p-kv-XIam-b Bh¿-Ø\ØXn

se GXm-\pw- hcn-Iƒ- i≤n-°p-I.- "tam-hm-_v- tZiØp-sh®v- I¿

Øm-hn-s≥-d Zm-k\m-b tam-si acn-®p.- t_Xv-s]cn--tbdn-s∂Xn-sc

tam-hm-_v- tZiØn-se Xm-gv-hcbn¬- Abm-sf kw-kv-Icn-®p.-

F∂m¬,- Abm-sf kw-kv-Icn-® kv-Yew- Ct∂m-fw- B¿-°pw- Adn-

™p-Iq-Sm.- acn-°p-tºmƒ- tam-sibv-°v- \q-‰n-Ccp-]Xp- hb m-bn-

cp-∂p.- Abm-fp-sS IÆp-Iƒ- aßp-Itbm- ico-cw- Zp¿-_eam-hp-

Itbm- sNbv-Xn-cp-∂n-√.- tam-hm-_v- kaXeØn-¬-sh®v- Ckm-bo¬-

Im¿- tam-si°p- th≠n- ap-∏Xp- Zn-hkw- hn-e]n-®p.- Aßs\ tam-

si°pth≠n-bp-≈ hn-em-]hpw- Zpx-Jm-NcWhpw- Ign-™p-3. Cu-

hN\ßƒ- tam-si Fgp-Xn-bXm-bn-cn-°m≥- GXm-bm-epw- km-[y-

Xbn-√t√m.- Cu- hN\ßsfgp-Xn-bXv- At±las√¶n¬- AXn-\p-

ap-ºp-≈Xpw- Fgp-Xn-bXv- At±lam-sW∂v- Dd∏n-®v- ]dbp-hm≥-

Fßs\bm-Wv- Ign-bp-I?- I¿-Øm-hv- Bcm-sW∂p-t]m-epw- hy-Iv-

Xam-bn- ]dbm≥- km-[n-°m-Ø Hcp- KŸw- ssZhn-IKŸam-bn-

hn-iz-kn-°p-∂sXßs\bm-Wv?-

\q-‰n-b≥-]Xv- A[-ym-bßfn-em-bn- ]c∂p- In-S°p-∂ Im-hy-ßfp

sS kam-lm-cam-Wv- k¶o¿-Ø\ßƒ.- Zm-ho-Zn-\v- ssZhØn¬-\n∂p-

e`n-® k_q¿- Xs∂bm-Wn-hsb-∂m-Wv- km-[m-cW°m¿- [cn-®p-

him-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv.- F∂m¬,- k¶o¿-Ø\]p-kv-XIw- GIIm-eØv-

GIKŸIm-c\m¬- GIKŸam-bn- Fgp-Xs∏´Xs√∂pw- ]e

Im-eßfn¬- ]e KŸIm-c∑m-cm¬- cNn-°s∏´Xm-sW∂p-amWv-

thZ]p-kv-XI \n-L≠p-4 Xs∂ ]dbp-∂Xv.- B¿,- Ft∏mƒ-,- Fhn

sSsh®v- Fgp-Xn-bsX∂dn-bm-Ø Hcp- ]p-kv-XIw- ssZhn-Iam-bn-

AhXcn-∏n-°p-∂Xn¬- h√ A¿-Y-hp-ap-t≠m?-

]gb \n-baØn-se a‰p- ]p-kv-XIßfp-sS Ahkv-Ybpw-

XssYh. thZ]p-kv-XI \n-L≠p- ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬- Ahbpw- ap≥-

]d™ ]p-kv-XIßsft∏m-seØs∂ KŸI¿-Øm-hn-s\°p-dn®

hy-Iv-Xam-b Nn-Xw- \¬-Ip-∂n-s√∂ hkv-Xp-X \ap-°p- ap-∂n¬-

A\m-hrXam-hpw.- dh: F.-kn.- t¢bo-‰≥- Fgp-Xp-∂p: ""]p-cmX\

KŸI¿-Øm-°fn¬- Nn-e¿- hn-in-jv-Sam-b Hcp- D]tZisØ ]Xn

]m-Zn-°p-∂Xn-\v- BKln-®m¬- Ah¿- Xßƒ- ]dbp-∂ D]tZiw-

Zm-ho-Zv,- lt\m-°v,- biøm-hv- ap-Xem-b alm-∑m¿- ]dbp-∂p-sh∂v-

`m-hn-®v- hm-kv-XhØn¬- Xßƒ- Xs∂ Fgp-Xp-∂hsb B alm

∑m¿- Fgp-Xn-bsX∂v- ]dbp-∂Xv- A_≤am-sW∂v- hn-Nm-cn-®n-cp-

∂n-√''1.- CXm-Whkv-Y! Btcm- Nn-e¿- Ah¿-°p-tXm-∂n-b ]eXpw-

Fgp-Xn- Ah ]hm-NI∑m¿- Fgp-Xn-bXm-sW∂v- Btcm-]n-®p.-

Ahsb C∂v- thZKŸam-bn- ]n-≥-]‰p-∂p.- FX hn-Nn-Xw-!!

CXv- Im-Wp-I:

""Rßƒ- Pv-Rm-\n-Iƒ- btlm-hbp-sS \ym-b]am-Ww- Rßfp

sS ]°¬- D≠v- F∂v- \n-ßƒ- ]dbp-∂Xv- Fßn-s\?- im-kv-Xnam

cp-sS I≈ Fgp-Øv-tIm¬- AXn-s\ hym-Pam-°n-Xo¿-Øncn°p∂p''2.-

bn-scaym- ]hm-NIs≥-d hN\am-Wn-Xv-.- At±lØn-s≥-d Im-eØp-

Xs∂ \ym-b]am-W]p-kv-XIØn-¬- ]p-tcm-ln-X∑m¿- ssIISØ

ep-Iƒ- \SØn-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v- Cu- hN\Øn¬-\n-∂v- kp-Xcmw- hyIv-

Xam-Ip-∂p.-

]p-Xn-b \n-baØn-s≥-d Ahkv-Ybpw- as‰m-∂√.- tbip-In-kv-

Xp- kp-hn-tijw- ]kw-Kn-®p-sh∂v- ss__n-fn¬- ]ebn-Sßfn-

epw- ]dbp-∂p-s≠¶n-epw-3 In-kv-Xp-hn-t≥-dXm-b Hcp- kp-hn-tijw-

\ap-°v- Im-Wm≥- Ign-bp-∂n-√.- At±lØn-t≥-dXm-b Hcp- kp-hn-

tijap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh¶n¬- AXv- ssZhn-IKŸam-Im-\p-≈ km-

[y-Xsb \n-tj[n-°m-\m¿-°pw- Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.- Aßs\sbm-

∂n-√.-- am-Xa√,- ]p-Xn-b \n-baØn-s≥-d- \n-e\n¬-°p-∂ Ccp-]Øn-

tbgv- ]p-kv-XIßfn-epw- Iq-Sn- ]cXn-bm¬- In-kv-Xp-hn-t≥-dXm-b

hfsc Ip-d®v- hN\ßƒ- am-Xsa \ap-°v- e`n-°q.-

]p-Xn-b \n-baØn-s≥-d- ][m-\ ]Xn-]m-Zyw- In-kv-Xp-hn-s≥-d1. dh.- F.-kn.- t¢bo-dd≥-: thZ ]p-kv-XI \n-L≠p.- t]Pv- 2132. Ibid Page 58, 250, 463, 5323. Bh¿-Ø\w- 34:5-˛84. dh.- F.-kn.- t¢bo-dd≥-: thZ ]p-kv-XI \n-L≠p.- t]Pv- 523

1. Ibid Page 412. bn-caym-hp- 8:83.- aØm-bn- 9: 35, am¿-t°m-kv- 8: 35,- eq-t°m-kv- 20:1



Po-hn-Xhpw- acWhp-am-Wt√m.- ]kv-Xp-X kw-`hßƒ- hn-hcn-®

kp-hn-tijI¿-Øm-°tfm- at‰m- At±lØn-s≥-d kaIm-en-Itcm-

Po-hnXØn-s≥-d ZrIv-km-£n-Itfm- Bbn-cp-∂p-thm?- aØm-bn-bpsS

kp-hn-tijsagp-Xn-bXv- In-kv-Xp- in-jy-\m-b aØm-bn-b√.- at‰

tXm- aØm-bn-bm-Wv.- In-kv-Xp-in-jy-\m-b ]tXm-kn-s≥-d in-jy\m-

b am¿-t°m-kv- In-kv-Xp-hn-s\ I≠n-´p-t]m-ep-an-√.- tbip-hn-s≥-d

in-jy-\√ aq-∂mw- kphn-tijI¿-Øm-hm-b eq-t°m-kv.- At±lw-

]utem-kn-s≥d in-£y-\m-b Hcp- sshZy-\m-bn-cp-∂p.- tbml∂m≥-

kp-hn-tijw- Bcm-sWgp-Xn-bsX∂ hn-jbsØs®m-√n-bp-≈ X¿

°w- C∂pw- Ahkm-\n-®n- n-√.- F¥m-bm-epw- In-kv-Xp- in-jy-\mb

tbm-l∂m-\√ AXn-s≥-d- I¿-Øm-sh∂v- B kp-hn-tijw- H∂p-

a\ n-cp-Øn- hm-bn-®m¬- a\ n-em-Ipw.- teJ\ßfn¬- an-°hbpw-

Fgp-Xn-b ]utem-kv- In-kv-Xp-hn-s≥-d in-jy-\√.-

ss__nƒ- ssZhn-I hN\ßƒ- am-Xw- Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂Xs√∂v-

1 sImcn-¥y¿- 7˛mw- A[-ym-bØn-se 12-˛mw- hN\hpw- 25˛mw-

hN\hpw- hy-Iv-Xam-°p-∂p.-

C\n- ss__n-fn-s≥d- D≈S°Øn-te°p- t\m-°p-I.- a\p-jysc

k∑m¿-KØnte°p- \bn-°p-hm-\p-XIp-∂ \n¿-tZißfm-Wv- thZ

K\v-YØn¬- D≠m-th≠Xv.- AXn-\p-th≠ Ncn-Xßfm-WXn¬-

]Xn-]m-Zn-t°≠Xv.- kZv-hrØcm-bn-cp-∂ ]hm-NI∑m-sc amXr

Ibm°m-\m-Wv- Ah D]tZin-t°≠Xv.- F∂m¬,- ss__nƒ-

hc®p-Im-Wn-°p-∂ ]hm-NI∑mcp-sS Nn-Xsa¥m-Wv?- ho-™p-

IpSn-®v- \·\m-hp-Ibpw- kz-]p-Xn-am-tcm-sSm-∏w- ibn-®v- Ah¿-°p-

K¿-àp-≠m-°p-Ibpw- sNbv-X tem-Øv-1,- aIs≥-d `m-cy-bm-b Xm-am

dp-am-bn- hy-`n-Ncn-°p-∂ blq-Zm-2 ,- ]n-Xm-hn-s≥-d sh∏m-ń-bp-am-bn-

ssew-Kn-I_\v-[Øn-te¿-s∏Sp-∂ cq-t_≥-3,- kz-¥w- ]Sbm-fn-bp-

sS m-cy-bp-sS ku-µcyw- I≠v- àn-®v- Ahsf sIm-´m-cØn-te°v-

hn-fn-∏n-®v- hy-`n-Ncn-°p-Ibpw- Ahƒ- K¿-`n-Wn-bm-sW∂dn™

t∏mƒ- AXn-s≥d DØchm-Zn-Øw- Ahfp-sS ¿-Øm-hn¬- Btcm-

]n-°m-\m-bn- ian-®v- ]cm-Pbs∏Sp-Ibpw- At∏mƒ- At±lsØ

NXn-bn¬- h[n-°p-Ibpw- sNbv-X Zm-ho-Zv-1,- A\y-Pm-Xn-°m-cm-b kv-

Xo-Isf hn-hm-lw-sNbv-Xp- Ahcp-sS ]o-Xn-°p-th≠n- hn-Klm-

cm-[\ \SØn-b tkm-fa≥-2,- CsX√m-am-Wv- ss__nƒ- \¬-Ip-

∂ ]hm-NI∑m-cp-sS Nn-Xw.- kZv-hrØcm-bn- Po-hn-°p-hm≥- ]hm

NI∑m-cp-sS am-XrI tXSn- ss__nƒ- ]cXp-∂h¿-°v- \n-cm-i

amXam-bn-cn-°pw- e`n-°p-I.-

ss__n-fn-s≥-d AIw- ]cntim[n-°p-∂h¿-°v- Im-Wm≥- Ign-

bp-s∂m-cp- hkv-Xp-X-bp-≠v.- H´\h[n- sshcp-[-y-ßfp-≠v- AXnse

∂XsX AXv.-- Cu- sshcp-[-y-ßsf \n- m-cam-°n-Ø≈m≥- Ignbn-

√.- ssZhn-IKŸØn¬- sshcp-[-y-ßfp-s≠∂p- h∂m¬- AXn∂

¿-Y-w- k¿-hIm-ePv-Rm-\n-bm-b ssZhw- sshcp-[-y-ßƒ- ]d™p-

sh∂m-Wt√m.- ssZhw- \ap-°v- s]m-dp-Øp-Xcs´! Ckm-bo-en-s≥d

P\kw-Jy-sbSp-°m≥- Zm-ho-Zn-s\ t]cn-∏n-®Xv- I¿-Øm-hm-sW∂v-

2 im-ap-th¬- 24-:1 Dw- km-Øm-\m-sW∂v- 1 Zn-\hrØm-¥w- 21:1 Dw-

]dbp-∂p.- Alkym-hn-s≥-d cm-Phm-gv-N Xp-Sßn-bt∏mƒ- Abmƒ-

°v- Ccp-]Øn-c≠v- hb m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v- c≠v- cm-Pm-°∑m¿- 8:26

Dw- \m¬]Øn-c≠v- hb m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v- 2 Zn-\hrØm-¥w- 22:2

]dbp-∂p.- iu-en-s≥-d aIfm-b ao-Jfn-∂p- a°sfm-∂p-ap-≠m-bncp-

∂n-s√∂v- 2 im-ap-th¬- 6:23 ]dbp-tºmƒ- AtX ]p-kv-XIØn¬-

Xs∂ 21:8 ]dbp-∂Xv- ao-Jfn-∂v- A©p- ]p-X∑m-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-

sh∂m-Wv.- btlm-bm-Jo-\n-s≥-d hm-gv-N Xp-Sßn-bXv- ]Xn-s\´mw-

hb n-em-sW∂pw- Ah≥- bdq-itean¬- aq-∂p- am-kam-Wv- hm-

WsX∂pw- c≠v- cm-Pm-°∑m¿- 24:8 ]dbp-tºmƒ,- At±lw- hmgvN

Xp-Sßn-bXv- F´mw- hb n-em-sW∂pw- aq-∂p- am-khpw- ]Øv-

Znhkhp-w- bcq-itean¬- hm-Wp-sh∂p-am-Wv- 2 Zn-\hrØm-¥w- 36:9

]dbp-∂Xv.-

]p-Xn-b \n-baØn-s≥d- Ahkv-Ybpw- hy-Xy-kv-Xa√.- aØm-bn

bpw- eq-t°m-kpw- \¬-Ip-∂ tbip-hn-s≥-d hw-im-hen-Xs∂ aXn-

CXn-∂p- sXfn-hm-bn- v.-- aØm-bn-bp-sS kp-hn-tij ]Im-cw- Zm-hoZp-

ap-X¬- tbip-hn-s≥-d ]n-Xm-hm-b (?-) tbm-tk v- hsc Ccp-]Øntb

gv- t]cm-Wp-≈sX¶n¬- eq-t°m-kv- ]Im-cw- CXv- \m¬-]-Øn-c≠p-1. D¬-∏Øn- 9: 21-˛242. D¬-∏Øn- 19: 30-˛383. D¬-∏Øn- 38: 13-˛30

4. 2 im-ap-th¬- 11: 2˛275. cm-Pm-°∑m-¿- 11: 1˛11



t]cm-Wvv-.- Zm-ho-Zn-s≥-d ]p-X\m-b ietam-s≥-d ]n-Xr]cºcbnem-

bn-cp-∂p- In-kv-Xp-hn-s≥-d P\\sa∂p- kv-Ym-]n-°m-\m-bn- aØmbn-

ian-°p-tºmƒ-,- Zm-ho-Zn-s≥d ]p-X\m-b \m-Ym-\n-em-Wv- In-kv-Xphn-

s≥-d ]]n-Xm-als\ eq-t°m-kv- Z¿-in-°p-∂Xv.- aØm-bn-bn≥-- ]Im

cw- tbip- ]n-Xm-hm-b tbm-tk^n-s≥-d ]n-Xm-hn-s≥d- t]cv- bmt°m-

_m-sW¶n¬- eq-t°m-kn≥- ]Im-cw- AXv- tlen-bm-Wv.- sshcp[y-

ßfp-sS then-tb‰w- Xs∂ ]Xy-£s∏Sp-∂Xv Im-Wp-tºmƒ- \njv-

]£\m-b Hcp- kXym-t\z-jn- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- BXv-aKXw- \SØpw:

"C√ CXn-∂p- ssZhn-IKŸam-Im-\p-≈ A¿-lXbn-√'- F∂v.-

C\n- ]cn-tim-[n-°m-\p-≈Xv- ln-µp-aXKŸßfm-Wv.- sslµh

KŸßfp-sS ]cn-tim-[\°v- skan-‰n-Iv- aXKŸßfp-sS ]cntim-

[\°p-]tbm-Kn-°p-∂ k-t¶X-ßƒ- D]tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv- Xn-I®pw-

A¿-Y-cln-Xam-Wvv-.- `m-cXo-b km-lNcy-Øn¬- Xs∂ Ah hne

bn-cp-Øs∏SWw.- c≠p- hn-[am-Wv- ln-µp-aXKŸßƒ-.- ip-Xnbpw,-

kv-arXn-bpw.- thZkw-ln-XIƒ,- D]\n-jØp-Iƒ,- _m-lv-aWßƒ,-

BcWy-Ißƒ- F∂n-bhm-Wv- ip-Xn-Iƒ.- CXn-lm-kßfpw- ]pcm-

Wßfpw- kv-arXn-KŸßfp-sa√mw- Xs∂ kv-arXn-Ifp-sS Iq´

Øn¬- s]Sp-∂p.- ip-Xn-Ifm-Wv-,- ASn-kv-Ym-\]am-Wßƒ.-- ssZh

Øn-¬- \n-∂pw- ihn-®Xv- F∂m-Wv- ip-Xn- i_v-ZØn-s≥-d kmt¶Xn-

Iam-b A¿-Y-w.- ssZhn-IKŸßsf∂ \n-ebn¬- ip-Xn-Iƒ- ]cn

KWn-°s∏Sp-tºmƒ- kv-arXn-Isf Ejnt]m-Iv-X hN\ßfm-bn-

am-Xam-Wv- kzo-Icn-°s∏Sp-∂Xv.- AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ssZhnI

KŸßsf°p-dn-® ]cn-tim-[\bn¬- ]cn-KWn-°s∏tS≠Xv- ip-

Xn-Iƒ- am-XamWv.-

ip-Xn-Isf°p-dn-®p- Xs∂ ln-µp-aX]fin-X∑m¿-°n-Sbn¬- X¿

°ap-≠v.- Bcy-kam-Pkv-Ym-]I\m-b kzm-an-Zbm-\µkckz-Xn-bpsS

A`n-]m-bØn¬- thZkw-lnXam-Xam-Wv- ssZht]m-Ivv-Xam-bn-´p-

≈Xv.- D]\n-jØp-Ifp-sSbpw- _m-lv-aWßfp-sSbp-sa√mw- ]mam-

Wn-IX kw-ibn-°s∏tS≠Xp-≠v.- F∂m¬- Nn-∑bm-an-j≥- kvYm]

I\m-b Nn≥-abm-\µ kzm-an-Ifp-sS ho-£W]Im-cw- D]\n-jØp-

Ifm-Wv- ssZhn-Iam-bn- p-≈Xvv.- aebm-fØn¬- D]\n-jZv- hym-Jym\

Øn-\v- ]kn-≤\m-b kp-Ip-am¿- Agot°m-Sn-s≥d Bib ]Imcw-

_m-lvaWßsf thZkw-ln-XIfpsStbm- D]\n-jØp-Ifp-

sStbm- KWØn¬-s∏Sp-Øm≥- Xs∂ ]bm-kam-Wv.- ssZhnIK

Ÿat\z-jn-®p- sN√p-∂ kXym-t\z-jn-°v- ap-∂n¬- sFIIWv-tTy\

ka¿-∏n-°m≥- Hcp- KŸhp-an-√ ln-µp-°fp-sS ssIhisa∂¿Yw.-

thZßtfm- D]\n-jØp-Itfm- Bcm-sWgp-Xn-bsX∂Xn-s\°p

dn-®v- hy-Iv-Xam-sbm-cp- Nn-Xw- Ah \¬-Ip-∂n-√.- Htcm- a¥ßfpw-

cNn-® Ejn-am-sc°p-dn-®v- Chbn-ep-≈ hn-hcWßfn¬- \n-∂v-

Chbp-sS cN\°v- ]n-∂n¬- a\p-jy-Icßfm-Wv- ]h¿-Øn-®sX∂v-

hy-Iv-Xam-bpw- a\ n-em-°m-\m-hpw.-

thZßfm-Wv- ip-Xn-Ifn¬- G‰hpw- ][m-\w.- AXn-s\°p-dn-®v-

Xs∂ sX‰p-]‰m≥- ]m-Sn-√m-ØXv- F∂p- ]dbm≥- ]‰n-s√∂m-Wv-

]ap-J sslµh]Wv-Un-X∑mcp-sSsb√mw- A`n-]m-bw.- "thZßƒ-

sX‰p- ]‰m-ØtXm- k¿-hXpw- Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂tXm- A√'-1 F∂mWv-

]K¬-`\m-b tUm.- cm-[m-Irjv-W≥- Fgp-Xp-∂Xv.- sX‰p-]‰m≥-

km-[y-Xbp-≈ KŸßsfßs\bm-Wv- Hcp- sX‰p- ]‰m-Ø ssZh

Øn-t≥-dXm-hp-I?-

thZßfp-sSbpw- D]\n-jØp-Ifp-sSbpw- _m-lv-aWßfp

sSbpw- BcWy-Ißfp-sSbpsa√mw- D≈S°w- ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂h¿

°v- Ahsbmcn-°epw- Xs∂ ssZhn-IKŸßfmIm-\p-≈ km[y-

Xbn-s√∂v- t_m-[y-s∏Spw.- kn-‘p-\Zo-XSØnte°p-≈ Bcym

Ka\hpw- Ah¿-°\p-`hn-t°≠n- h∂ ]bm-kßfpw- Ahcp-sS

]m-IrXPo-hn-Xco-Xn-Ifpw- hn-izm-kßfp-sa√mw- Xs∂ Cu-

KŸßfn¬- \n-gen-®p- Im-Wm-sa∂√m-sX ssZhn-It_m-[\Øn-

s≥-d km-∂n-[-yw- t]m-epw- ]e KŸßfn-epw- \ap-°v- Im-Wm≥-

Ign-bn-√.- Xn-I®pw-- ]m-IrXam-b ]IrXn-]q-Pbm-Wv- thZßƒ-

ap∂n-te°p- sh°p-∂ Bcm-[\m-kºZm-bw.- bm-Kßfpw- bPvR

ßfp-am-Wv- Bcm-[\m-co-Xn-Iƒ.- B[p-\n-I a\p-jy-\v- Ad∏p-

tXm∂n-°p-∂ ]e BNm-cßfpw- Cu- bm-Kßƒ-°pw- bPv-Rßƒ-

°p-an-Sbn¬- sNøm-\m-bn- I¬-]-n-°s∏ń-´p-≠v.-

kw-kv-IrXam-b Hcp- kaq-lØn-s≥-d krjv-Sn-°p-th≠n-

D]tbm-Kn-°s∏Sm≥- A¿-la√ Cu- KŸßsfm-∂pw- Xs∂.-

bmKthfbn-epw- bPv-RØn-s≥-d Ahkcßfn-epw- \S°p-∂

1. Dr. Radha Krishnan: Indian Religions Page 22



A«o-e kw-km-cßƒ- ]®bm-bn- tcJs∏Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v,-- Ahbn¬.-

]p-cp-js≥-dbpw- kv-Xo-bp-sSbpw- Ahbhßfp-sS h¿-W\ \ap°v-

D≤cn-°m≥- ssha\ky-ap-≠m-°p-∂X tæOam-Wv.- ap-´\m-Sn-t\m

Spw- Im-ftbm-Sp-sa√map-≈ ssew-Kn-I _‘ßƒ- ]e AkpJß

ƒ-°p-ap-≈ ]Xn-hn-[n-bm-bn- \n¿-tZin-°p-∂ thZßfn-epw- AtXm

Sp- _\v-[s∏´ KŸßfn-epw- \n-∂p-sIm-≠v- kw-kv-Im-cNn-Øcm-

b Hcp- P\hn-`m-KØn-s≥d-- Db¿-®°v- th≠n- ian-°p-∂Xv- F¥p-

am-Xw- hy¿-Y-am-Wv?- ]ckv-]chn-cp-≤hpw- hn-Nn-Xhp-am-b Ip-sd

t«m-Ißƒ- thZßfn-epw- D]\n-jØp-Ifn-epsa√mw- \ap-°v-

ImWm≥- Ign-bpw.1-

Chsbm-∂pw- Xs∂ ssZhn-IKŸam-Im≥- sIm-≈p-Ibn-s√∂v-

\mw- a\ n-em-°p-∂p.- a\p-jy¿-°n-Sbn¬- hn-[n- I¬-]n-°p-hm≥-

Hcp- thZKŸØn-\p-th≠n- \Ωsf√mw- tIgp-∂p.- ssZhn-I KŸ

sa∂ ]p-dw-N´bWn-™ KŸßsf√mw- \ap-°v- \n-cm-i am-Xam

Wv- kΩm-\n-°p-∂Xv.- \Ωp-sS a\ p-Iƒ- a¥n-°p-∂p.- ssZhn-I

KŸw- ssZhØn-¶¬- \n-∂v- AhXcn-°s∏´Xm-sW∂v- Dd∏p-≠m-

hWw.- AXn¬- sX‰p-Ifp-≠m-hm≥- ]m-Sn-√.- AXn¬- Xn-cp-ØepIƒ-

hcp-Øs∏Sm-sX a\p-jy-s≥-d Ahkm-\w- hsc \n-e\n¬-°Ww.-

AXn¬- sshcp[-y-ßfp-≠m-hm≥- ]m-Sn-√.- am-\hcm-in-sb k∑m¿-

KØn-te°v- \bn-°m≥- B KŸØn-\v- Ign-bWw.-

Aßs\sbm-cp- KŸap-t≠m,- Cu- tem-IØv?-

˛\ap-°t\z-jn-°mw-˛

Jp¿-B≥-; \n-Xy-\q-X\ KŸw-

BZyw- Bń-Sb\pw- ]n-s∂ I®hS°m-c\p-am-bn-cp-∂ Hcp- a\p

jy≥.- Abmƒ- Fgp-Øpw- hm-b\bpw- A`y-kn-®n-ń-√.- \m¬-]Xp-

hb p-hsc bm-sXm-cp- km-ln-Xym-`n-cp-Nn-bpw- At±lw- ]ISn-∏n-

®n- n-√.- At±lw- \m¬-]Xv- hb m-bt∏mƒ- kp-µcam-b hN\ßƒ-

D®cn-®n-cp-∂p.- KZy-hpw- ]Zy-hp-a√m-Ø ssien-bn¬- Bscbpw-

hnkv-abn-∏n-°p-∂ ktµißƒ- sam-gn-bp-∂p.- AXp-hsc \nba

KŸßƒ- I≠n- n-√m-Ø At±lØn-s≥-d sam-gn-Ifn¬- AXpey-

am-b \n-ba\n¿-tZ-ißfp-≠v.- thZw- ]Tn-®n- n-√m-Ø At±lØns‚-

hm-°p-Ifn¬- ap≥-Im-eNcn-Xßfp-≠v.- \Ωsf¥p- a\ n-em°

Ww?- Cu- KŸw- At±lØn-s≥-d krjv-Sn-bmsWt∂m-?- AX√,-

km-ln-Xy-hpw- im-kv-Xhpw- \n-bahpw- Ncn-Xhp-sa√mw- Adn-bp∂

a‰m-tcm- ]d™p-sIm-Sp-ØXm-sWt∂m?- KŸhp-am-bn- \Ωp-sS

ap-∂n¬- ]Xy-£s∏´ hy-Iv-Xn- ]dbp-∂p: "CXv- Rm-≥- cNn-®X√,-

F√m-hn-[ hn-Pv-Rm-\o-bßfn-epw- AKm-[am-b Pv-Rm-\ap-≈ Hcp-

alm-s\\n-°v- X∂Xm-Wv.-'- Cu- hm-°p-Iƒ- \ap-°v- hn-iz-kn-®p-Iq

sS?- hn-tijn-®pw- B a\p-jy-≥- CXp-hsc Ifhp- ]d™Xm-bn-

Bcpw- tIń- n-s√∂ hkv-Xp-X Iq-Sn-sh®p-t\m-°p-tºmƒ-.- Xo¿®bm-

bpw-- \ap-°t±lØns≥-d hm-°p-Iƒ- hn-iz-kn-°mw'- F∂v- \Ωp-

sSsb√mw- A¥cw-Kw- a¥n-°p-∂p.-

C\n- \ap-°v- tNm-Zn-°mw: GXm-Wo- KŸw?- Bcm-Wv- AXv-

tem-IØn-\v- ap-∂n¬- AhXcn-∏n-®Xv.-?- AXv- Bcp-sSXm-sW∂mWv-1. hn-iZam-b ]T\Øn-\v- Cu- teJIs≥-d "sslµhX; [¿-a-hpw- Z¿-i\hpw'-

F∂ ]pkv-XIw- hm-bn-°p-I.-

A-©-v

72


At±lw- ]d™Xv?-

B KŸw- Jp¿-B\m-Ip-∂p.- ap-lΩZv- \_n- (k)bm-Wv- AXv-

tem-IØn-\v- ap-ºn¬- Hm-Xn-t°ƒ-∏n-®Xv.- AXv- AhXcn-∏n-®Xv-

k¿h-iIv-X\m-b k¿-h-tem-I kjv-Sm-hm-Ip-∂p.-

C∂v- \n-e\n¬-°p-∂ thZKŸßfn¬- Jp-¿-B≥- am-Xam-Wv-

kz-bw- ssZhn-Iam-sW∂v- AhIm-is∏Sp-∂ KŸsa∂p-≈XmWv-

hkv-Xp-X.- Jp¿-B≥- AXn-s\ kz-bw- ]cn-Nbs∏Sp-Øp-∂Xv- t\m

°p-I: ""CXv- tem-Ic£n-Xm-hv- AhXcn-∏n-®Xm-Wv.- \n-iv-Nbw- hniz-

kv-X\m-b ae°v- AXv- \n-s≥-d lrZbØn¬- AhXcn-∏n-®p.- temI

¿-°v- \o- ap-∂dn-bn-∏v- \¬-Im≥- th≠n-; kp-hy-Iv-Xam-b Ad_n-

`m-jbn¬''-1 \n-iv-NbZm¿-Vy-tØm-sSbp-≈ Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d ]Jym

]\w- Cßs\bm-Wv: ""CXm-Wv- KŸw.- CXn¬- kw-ibtabn-√.-

kq-£v-aX ]m-en-°p-∂h¿-°v- t\¿-hgn- Im-Wn-°p-∂XsX AXv''2.-

AhXcn-∏n-°s∏´ cq-]Øn¬- Xs∂ C∂pw- \n-e\n¬-°p-∂

GI thZKŸw- Jp¿-B\m-Wv.-]hm-NIs≥-d Po-hn-XIm-eØp-

Xs∂ A[-ym-bßfpw- hN\ßfpsa√mw- C∂p- \n-ehn-ep-≈ coXn-

bn¬- ]m-cm-bWw- sNbv-Xp-sIm-≠v- hn-ip-≤KŸØn-s≥-d tImUo-

IcWhpw- Iq-Sn- tem-IsØ Adn-bn-®p.- Xp-I¬,- I√v,- F√v- XpSßn-

b hkv-Xp-°fn-t∑¬- ]hm-NIs≥d Im-eØv- Xs∂ Jp¿-B≥-

]q¿-Wam-bn- Fgp-Xn-sh®n-cp-∂p.- ]n-∂o-Sv- c≠p- N´°p-≈n¬- Ah

ASp-°n- sh®v- tIm-Uo-Icn-°s∏´Xv- H∂mw- Jeo- A_q-_°dn

(d)s≥- Im-eØm-bn-cp-∂p.- aq-∂mw- Jeo- Dkv-am≥-(d) AXn-s≥d

tIm-∏n-IsfSp-Øv- Ckv-em-an-I cm-jv-SØn-s≥-d ]hn-iym-Xekv-

Ym-\ßfn-tes°√mw- FØn-®p-sImSp-Øp.- CXn-s≥-d ]Xn-Iƒ-

C∂pw- e`y-am-Wv.- C∂v- tem-IØp-S\o-fw- ]m-cm-bWw- sNøs∏Sp-

∂ tIm-Sn-°W°n-\v- Jp¿-B≥- tIm-∏n-Iƒ-°v- Cu- ]Xn-∏p-Ifp-

am-bn- Hc£cØn-\p-t]m-epw- hy-Xym-kan-s√∂Xm-Wv- hkv-Xp-X.-

AXv- AXn-s≥-d Hdn-Pn\¬- cq-]Øn¬- Xs∂ tem-Im-hkm-\w-

hsc \n-e\n¬-°pw,- Xo¿-®.- Aßs\ \n-e\n¿-Øpsa∂Xv-

ssZhØn-s≥-d hm-Kv-ZØam-Wv.- k¿-hiIv-X≥- ]dbp-∂Xv- t\m°p-

I: ""Xo¿-®bm-bpw- \m-am-Wv- B D¬-t_m-[\w- AhXcn-∏n-®Xv.-

Xo¿-®bm-bpw- \mw Xs∂ AXn-s\ Im-Øp-kq-£n-°∂Xp-am-Wv.''1

ap-ºp-≈ thZKŸßsf ap-gp-h≥- icn-sh®p-sIm-≠m-Wv- Jp¿-

B\n-s≥-d AhXcWw.- Cu- icn-sh°¬ Ahbp-sS C∂sØ

cq-]Øn-\p-≈ Aw-Ko-Im-ca√.- thZKŸßsf∂ t]cn¬- ]Xy-

£s∏Sp-∂ ]p-kv-XIßƒ- FXtØm-fw- ]m-am-Wn-Ißfm-sW∂v-

\mw- a\ n-em-°n.- ssZhØn-¶¬- \n-∂v- AhXcn-∏n-°s∏´ cq]

Øn-ep-≈ thZKŸßsfbm-Wv- Jp¿-B≥- Aw-Ko-Icn-°p-∂Xv.-

tam-si°v- \¬-Is∏´ Xu-dm-Øv,- Zm-ho-Zn-\v- \¬-Is∏´ k_q¿,-

tbip-hn-\v- \¬-Is∏´ C©o¬- Xp-Sßn-b KŸßƒ- CXn-epƒ-

s∏Sp-∂p.- C∂p- Im-Wp-∂ thZßfn¬- Chbn-se D≤cWn--Iƒ-

am-Xam-Wv- Im-Wp-∂Xv.- AhXs∂ FXtØm-fw- hn-iz-k\o-bam-

sW∂ Im-cy-Øn¬- `n-∂m-`n-]m-bßfp-≠p-Xm-\pw-.- Jp¿-B\n-

s\bpw- AXp- \¬-Is∏Sp-∂ ]hm-NIs\bpw- Ip-dn-®v- thZßfn¬-

hy-Iv-Xam-bpw- ]cm-a¿-in-°s∏ń-cp-∂p.- Ahbn¬- ]eXpw- \o-°w-

sNøs∏´p-sh¶n-epw- ssZhm-\p-KlØm¬- Nn-esX¶n-ep-w- C∂v-

_m-°n-bp-≠v.- KŸw- \¬-Is∏´h¿-°v- Jp¿-B≥- ssZhn-IKŸam-

sW∂ bmYm¿-∞yw- Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p.- "\mw- thZKŸw- \¬-

In-bn- p-≈h¿- Xßfp-sS a°sf Adn-bp-∂Xp-t]m-se At±lsØ

Adn-bp-∂Xm-Wv.- \n-iv-Nbam-bpw- Ahcn¬- Hcp- hn-`m-Kw- Ahcdn-

™p-sIm-≠v- Xs∂ bYm¿-Yy-w- Hfn-®p-sh°p-∂p'-2 F∂m-Wv- Jp¿-

B≥- Xs∂ km-£y-w- hln-°p-∂Xv.- blq-Zcn-epw- ssIkv-Xhcn

epw- s]´ ]e ]Wv-Un-X∑m-cpw- ]hm-NIs≥-d Im-eØp-Xs∂

Jp¿-B\n-s\ Xn-cn-®dn-bp-Ibpw-,- AXn-epw- AXp-sIm-≠p-h∂ ]hm-

NI\n-epw- hn-iz-kn-°p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp-sh∂Xn-∂v- Ncn-Xw- km£n

bm-Wv.- Aßs\bp-≈hsc°p-dn-®v- Jp¿-B≥- Xs∂ ]cn-Nbs∏Sp-

Øp-∂Xv- t\m-°p-I: "ssZhZq-X∂v- AhXcn-]n-°s∏´Xv- Ah¿-

(In-kv-Xym-\n-Iƒ-) ihn-®m¬- kXyw- a\ n-em-°n-bXn-s≥d-

t]cn¬- Ahcp-sS \b\ßfn¬- \n-∂v- IÆp-\o-scm-gp-Ip-∂Xm-bn-

\n-\°p- Im-Wmw.- Ah¿- ]dbpw-: \m-Ym-,- Rßfn-Xm- hn-iz-kn-®n-

cn-°p-∂p.- AXn-\m¬- kXy-km-£n-Itfm-sSm-∏w- Rßsfbpw- \o-

tcJs∏Sp-tØWtam''-3

1. Jp¿-B≥- 26: 192˛1952. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 2

1. Jp¿-B≥- 15: 92. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 1463. Jp¿-B≥- 5: 83

74 Jp¿-B≥-; \n-Xy-\q-X\ KŸw- 75


Is≠Øp-am-bn-cp-∂p''-.1

Hcp- thZKŸØn-s≥-d F√m-hn-[ Kp-Wßfpw- H∂n-®p- tN¿∂n-

´p-≈ Jp-¿-B≥- ]m-tbmKn-Iam-tWm- F∂m-Wv- C\n- \ap-°v- Nn¥n-

°p-hm-\p-≈Xv.- Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d AhXcWØn-\v- ap-ºpw-]n-ºp-ap-

≠m-bn-cp-∂ Atd_y≥- kaq-lsØ°p-dn-®v- ]Tn-®m¬- Xs∂ Jp¿-

B≥- FXtØm-fw- ]m-tbm-Kn-Iam-sWW∂pw- AXp- krjv-Sn-®

hn-πhw- FXtØm-fw- alØcam-sW∂pw- \ap-°v- a\ n-em-hpw.-

cmjv-So-bhpw- ssk\n-Ihp-am-bn- Akw-LSn-Xcm-bn-cp-∂,- \n-bXam

b Irjn-ku-Icy-ßsfm-∂p-an-√m-ØXn-\m¬- Im¿-jn-Iam-bn-

]nt∂m-°w- \n-∂n-cp-∂,- hn-Zym-`ym-kcw-KØv- h´∏q-Pyw- am-Xam-

bn-cp-∂,- Nn-In¬-kmcw-KØv- H∂p-a√m-bn-cp-∂,- A‘hn-izm-kßƒ-

krjv-Sn-® A[aXzw- t]dn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂,- aZy-Øn-epw- aZn-cm-£n-

bn-epw- abßn-°n-S∂n-cp-∂,- tKm-Xaln-abp-sS t]cn¬- tNmc

°fßƒ- Xs∂ ]S°m≥- Xbdm-bn-cp-∂ Hcp- kaq-lw.- CXm-Wv-

Jp¿-B\n-\v- ap-ºp-≈ Atd_y-bp-sS Nn-Xw.- Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d

AhXcWØn-\v- tijap-≈ Atd_y-bp-sS NnXw,- CXn-¬- \n∂pw-

hfsc hy-Xy-kv-Xam-Wvv-.- kw-kv-Imc-ßsf sh√p-∂ Hcp- ]p-Xn-b

kw-kv-Im-cØn-s≥d- hm-lIscbm-Wv- \ap-°hn-sS Im-Wm≥- Ignbp-

∂Xv.- im-kv-Xkm-t¶Xn-Icw-Kßfn¬- A∂sØ AXn-Im-b∑mcm

b Ko-°p-Im-tc°mƒ- B cw-KØv- Db¿-∂p-\n¬-°m\h¿-°v- Ign-

™p.- AeIv-km-≠dn-btb°mƒ- hen-b kmwkv-Im-cn-ItIµambn-

Atd_y-sb am-‰n-sbSp-°m-\h¿-°v- km-[n-®p.- \q-‰m-≠p-Ifp-sS

cmjv-So-b\m-bIXz-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂ tdm-an-s\bpw- t]¿-jy-sbbpw-

Ah¿- hn-d∏n-®p.- tKm-XIelßfn¬- XΩn¬- X√n-ØI¿-∂n-cp-

∂ Ah¿- sFIy-Øn-s≥-d ]Xm-Ihm-lIcm-bn- am-dn.- [¿-a-hpw-

A[¿-a-hp-sa¥msW∂dn-bm-Xn-cp-∂ Ah¿- [m-¿-an-IXXz-ßfp-sS

]Nm-cIcm-bn- am-dn.- CXm-bn-cp-∂p- Jp¿-B≥- krjv-Sn-® alØm-

b hn-πhw.- kmw-kv-Im-cn-Icw-KØv- h´∏q-Py-am-bn-cp-∂ Hcp- P\

Xsb- shdpw- Ccp-]Øn-aq-∂v- h¿-jßƒ- sIm-≠v- kw-kv-Im-cØn-

s≥-d ]ctam-∂Xio¿-jØn-seØn-°m≥- Ign-™ Jp¿-B\n-\v-

Xp-ey-am-bntem-IsØ ]cn-h¿-Øn-∏n-°m≥- km-[n-® as‰m-cp-

KŸw- am-\hNcn-XØn-sehn-sSsb¶n-epap-≠m-bn-´p-t≠m?- C√

Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d D≈S°w- ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I.- AXn-ep-≈ [m¿an-

I\n-baßƒ- km¿-h-eu-In-Ißfm-Wv.- Ah GsXm-cp- kaq-lØn

epw- ]tbmKn-°m-hp-∂Xm-Wv.- AXv- hn- m-h\w- sNøp-∂ km-∑m¿Kn-

I kw-hn-[m-\am-Is´,- In-Sb‰Xm-Wv.- alØm-sbm-cp- km-aq-ln-I

hn-πhØn-\p-th≠n- ian-°p-∂ Jp¿-B≥-,- ]q¿-h-n-I Ncn-Xßƒ-

ap-gp-h≥- D≤cn-°p-∂Xv- Cu- hn-πhØn-\p-≈ am-XrIbm-bn-s°m-

≠m-Wv.- ]hm-NI∑m-cp-sS ]t_m-[\]h¿-Ø\ßsfbpw- Ah¿-

krjv-Sn-® km-aq-ln-Iam-‰sØbpw- Ip-dn-®p- ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂ Jp¿-

B≥,- B alm-Xv-am-°sf°p-dn-® kw-ip-≤am-sbm-cp- Nn-Xam-Wv-

\ap-°v- ap-∂n-ehXcn-∏n-°p-∂Xv.- Jp¿-B≥- hc®p-Im-Wn-°p-∂

temØn-s≥-d Nn-Xw- ssew-Kn-I kZm-Nm-cØn-s≥-d ]t_m-[Is≥-

dXm-Wv.- tkm-fas\ Jp¿-B≥- ]cn-Nbs∏Sp-Øp-∂Xv,- GIssZhm-

cm-[\bp-sS Im-cy-Øn¬- k\v-[n-sNøm-Ø ]hm-NI\m-bn-´m-Wv.-

Jp¿-B≥- ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv- k¬-kz-`m-hn-bpw- kXy-k\v-[\p-am-b

Zm-ho-Zn-s\°p-dn-®m-Wv.- Jp¿-B≥- ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂ ]hm-NI∑m-

sc√mw- am-\hcm-in-°v- BIam-\w- am-XrIbm-Im≥- tbm-Ky-cm-Wv.-

kp-Zo¿-Lam-b Ccp-]Øn-aq-∂v- h¿-jßƒ-°n-Sbn¬- hn-`n∂

ßfm-b ]cn-Xx-kv-Yn-Xn-Ifn-em-Wv- Jp¿-B≥- AhXcn-°s∏´p-sIm-

≠n-cp-∂Xv.- ]t£,- AXn¬- `n-∂Xtbm- sshcp-[-y-ßtfm- ImW

s∏Sp-∂n-√.- Htc ]cn-Xx-kv-Yn-Xn-bn¬- Ccp-s∂gp-Xp-∂ a\p-jy-IrXn-

Ifn¬- Xs∂ sshcp-[-y-ßfp-≠m-hp-I km-[m-cWam-Wt√m.- Jp¿-

B\n-em-Is´,- ]Xn-]m-Zy- hn-jbßƒ- hfsc hn-]p-ehpw-

_rlØp-am-Wv.- cm-jv-So-b \n-baßƒ,- Ip-Spw-_Im-cy-ßƒ,- ssZhn-

IGIXz-sØ°p-dn-® ]Xn-]m-Z\w,- ]ctem-I Po-hn-XØn-se kw`

hßƒ-,- Ncn-X]mTßƒ-,- ]m-]©n-I ]Xn- m-kßsf°p-dn-® hnh

cWßƒ- Xp-Sßn- \n-ch[n- Im-cy-ßƒ- AXn¬- Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂p.-

Chsb√mw- AhXcn-∏n-°s∏Sp-∂tXm,- hy-Xy-kv-Xam-b ]cn-Xkv

YnXn-Ifn-epw- Ahkcßfn-epw- sh®v.- F∂n- pw- Ahbn¬- Hscm‰

sshcp-[-yw- t]m-epw- Im-Ws∏Sp-∂n-s√∂Xv- Xs∂ Jp¿-B≥-

ssZhn-IKŸam-sW∂Xn-∂p-≈ aXn-bm-b sXfn-hm-Wv.- k¿-thm-

∂X\m-b ssZhw- ]dbp-∂p: ""Ah¿- Jp¿-B\n-s\°p-dn-®v- Nn-¥n-

°p-∂n-t√?- AXv- A√m-lph√m-Ø h√hcp-sSbpw- ]°¬- \n-∂p-

≈Xm-bn-cp-∂p-sh¶n¬- AhcXn¬- [m-cm-fw- sshcp-[-y-ßƒ- 1. Jp¿-B≥- 4: 832

76 Jp¿-B≥-; \n-Xy-\q-X\ KŸw- 77


F∂m-Wp-Øcw.- F¶n¬- Jp¿-B\n-s\°mƒ- ]m-tbmKn-Iam-b

at‰Xv- thZKŸam-Wp-≈Xv?-

Jp-¿-B≥- ssZhn-IKŸam-sW∂v- kz-bw- ]Jym-]n-°p-∂p.-

AXv- \¬-Ip-∂ [m-¿-a-n-IkZm-Nm-c \n-baßƒ-°p- Xp-ey-am-b \nb

aßƒ- at‰Xp- KŸØn-ep-an-√.- AXp- ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂ Ncn-Xw- If¶c

ln-Xhpw- kXy-k\v-[hp-am-Wv.- AXn¬- bm-sXm-cp- sshcp-[-y-ßfp-

an-√.- AhXcn-∏n-°s∏´ co-Xn-bn¬- C∂pw- \n-e\n¬-°p-∂ GIth

ZKŸhpw- AsXm-∂v- am-Xam-Wv.- AXv- tem-IØn-\p- ap-ºn¬- sIm

≠p-h∂ hy-Iv-Xn- Hcn-°se¶n-epw- Ifhp- ]d™n- n-√.- AXv- krjv

Sn-® hn-πhhpw- AXp-ey-am-Wv.- F¶n¬- F¥p-sIm-≠v- Jp¿-B≥-

ssZhn-IKŸam-bn- Aw-Ko-Icn-®p-Iq-Sm?- ssZhn-IKŸØn-\p-≠m-

bn-cn-°Wsa∂v- \Ωp-sS a\ v- a¥n-°p-∂ F√m- khn-tijkz-

`m-hßfp-ap-≈ Hscm-‰ KŸw- am-Xsa \ap-°v- ap-∂n¬- ]Xy£

s∏Sp-∂p-≈q˛Jp¿-B≥-.- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- \ap-°w-Ko-Icn-°mw,- AsXm

cp- ssZhn-I KŸam-sW∂v.-

Jp¿-B≥,- ap-ºp-≈ ssZhn-IKŸßsft∏m-se tIhesamcp-

thZKŸw- amXa√.- AXv- A¥n-a]hm-NI\p-≈ Aam-\p-jnI

Zrjv-Sm-¥w- Iq-Sn-bm-Wv-.- aq-km\_n-°v- ]m-ºm-Ip-∂ hSn-bpw- Ckm\

_n-°v- acn-®hsc Po-hn-∏n-°p-I F∂ Zrjv-Sm-¥hpw- \¬-In-bt]m-

se Xm≥- ]hm-NI\m-sW∂Xn-\p-≈ sXfn-hm-bn- ap-lΩZv- \_n

°v- \¬-Is∏´ Hcp- Aam-\p-jn-I Zrjv-Sm-¥w Iq-Sn-bm-Wv- Jp¿B≥.-

aq-km-(A)bp-sS- k¿-∏am-Ip-∂ hSn-bpw- tbip-(A)hn-s≥-d acn®

hsc Po-hn-∏n-°ep-sa√mw- Ahcp-sS hn-tbm-KtØm-sS Ahkm\n-

® Zrjv-Sm-¥ßfm-bn-cp-∂p.- F∂m¬ A¥n-a ]hm-NIs≥-d Aam

\p-jn-I Zrjv-Sm-¥am-Is´,- AXv- Ahkm-\sØ a\p-jy≥- hscbp

≈h¿-°v- ap-gp-h\pw- Hcp- alm¬-`p-Xam-bn- \n-e\n¬-°p-Ibm-Wv.-

a‰p- ]p-kv-XIßfn¬- \n-∂pw- hy-Xy-kv-Xam-bn- F¥v- ]tXyI

Xbm-Wv- Jp¿-B∂n-∂p-≈Xv?- AXv- A¤p-Xam-sW∂v- ]dbm-\p-

≈ Im-cWsa¥m-Wv?-

Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d AhXcWw- Ign-™n- v- ]Xn-\m-ep- iXm-_v-Zß

fm-bn.- Ad_n-km-ln-Xy-Øn-se AXn-Im-b∑m-cm-bn-cp-∂ Bfp-Iƒ-

°n-Sbn-em-Wv- AXv- AhXcn-°s∏´Xv.- Xßfp-sS km-ln-Xy-]cam

b Ign-hp-Ifp-sS \n-kv-Xp-eXbn¬- A`n-am-\n-®n-cp-∂hcm-bn-cp-∂p-

A∂sØ Ad_n-Iƒ.- Ihn-Ifn¬- ]ecpw- Ckv-em-ans≥-d iXp-

]£Øm-bn-cp-∂p.- Jp¿-B≥- am-cW°m-cs≥-d am-bm-hN\ßfm-

sW∂v- hn-[n-sbgp-Xn-bhcm-bn-cp-∂p-,- Ah¿.- Ahtcm-Sv- Jp¿-B≥-

Hcp- sh√p-hn-fn- \SØn.- ssZhn-I KŸam-sW∂ Im-cy-Øn¬-

B¿-s°¶n-epw- kw-ibap-s≠¶n¬- AXp-t]m-sem-cp- KŸw- sIm-

≠p-hcWsa∂m-bn-cp-∂p- sh√p-hn-fn.- B sh√p-hn-fn-°v- DØcw-

\¬-Im≥-,- Atd_y≥- km-ln-Xy-Ødhm-ń-se- B Im-cWh∑m¿-

°v- Ign-™n-√.- ]n-s∂bpw- Jp¿-B≥- sh√phn-fn-®p.- Jp¿-B\n-\p-

Xp-ey-am-b as‰m-cp- KŸw- sIm-≠p-htc≠Xn-√.- AXn-se A[ym-

bßfnteXn-s\¶n-epw- Xp-ey-am-b Hcp- A[-ym-bw- sIm-≠p-h∂m¬-

aXn.- Atd_y≥- km-ln-Xy-Øn-se A∂sØ AXn-Im-b∑m¿- apgp-

h≥- ian-®p.- ]t£,- Jp¿-B\n-s≥d hiy-am-b ssien-°pw-

kpµcam-b LS\°pw- ap-∂n¬- Ahcp-sS Bh\m-gn-bn-se Akv-

Xßƒ- ap-gp-h≥- ]cm-Pbs∏´p.- Jp¿-B\n-se G‰hpw- sNdn-b

kq-dØn¬-˛A[-ym-bØn¬- BsI aq-∂v- kq-Iv-Xßƒ- (BbØp-

Iƒ-) am-Xam-Wp-≈Xv.- Cu- A[-ym-bØn-\v- Xp-√y-am-sbm-c[-ym-bw-

t]m-epw- sIm-≠p-hcm≥- AXn-s≥-d hn-a¿-iI¿-°v- Ign-™n-ń-√.-

14 \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ-°p- ap-ºv- ap-g°n,- C∂pw- APøam-bn- ]Iº\w -

sIm-≠p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂ B sh√p-hn-fn- Cßs\bm-Wv: "\ΩpsS

Zm-k\v- \mw- AhXcn-∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-ØXn-s\ (Jp¿-B\n-s\)∏‰n-

\nßƒ- kw-ibm-ep-°fm-sW¶n¬- AXn-s≥-dXp-t]m-ep-≈ Hcp-

A[-ym-bsa¶n-epw- \n-ßƒ- sIm-≠p-hcn-I.- A√m-lp-hn-\v- ]p-dsa

\n-ßƒ-°p-≈ klm-bn-Isfbpw- hn-fn-®p-sIm-≈p-I! \n-ßƒ- kXy-

hm-∑m-cm-sW¶n¬-'-1.-

sh√p-hn-fn- i≤n-°p-I! ssZhsam-gn-®p-≈ ap-gp-h≥- klm-bn-

Isfbpw- hn-fn-®p-sIm-≠p-h∂v- Iq-Sn-bmtem-N\ \SØn-bm¬ -t]m

epw- Jp¿-B\n-se G‰hpw- sNdn-b Hc[ym-bØn-\p- Xp-ey-am-b

Hcp- cN\t]m-epw- lm-Pdm-°m≥- B¿-°pw- Ign-bn-√.- Atd_y≥-

km-ln-Xy-Øn-se A∂sØ Xºp-cm-°∑m¿- ]m-Pbs∏´p.- C∂pw-

B sh√p-hn-fntem-IØn-\p- ap-∂n¬- kv-]jv-Sam-bn- \n-e\n¬-°p

∂p.- am-\hcm-in-bp-sS I¿-W-]p-Sßfn¬- Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d sh√p-

hn-fn- AebSn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.- a‰p- thZKŸßfp-sS `mj

1. Jp¿-B≥- 2:23

78 Jp¿-B≥-; \n-Xy-\q-X\ KŸw- 79


sbt∏m-se Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d m-j Hcp- \n¿-Po-h`m-jb√.- AXv- kPo-

ham-sbm-cp- kw-km-c`m-jbm-Wv.- Ad_n- km-ln-Xy-Im-c∑m cn¬-

C∂pw- Ckv-em-an-s≥-d ITn-\hn-tcm-[n-Iƒ- Hcp-]m-Sp-≠v.- Ahcm

cpw- Xs∂ Jp¿-B\n-s≥d Cu- sh√p-hn-fn-°v- DØcw- \¬-In-bnń√.-

km-ln-Xyw- k-m¿-Y-Iam-Ip-∂Xv- tim-Xm-hn-s≥-d a\ n-¬- AXv-

Atµm-f\ßƒ- krjv-Sn-°p-tºm-gm-Wv.- tIƒ-°p-∂hs≥-d _p-≤n

°v- Xr]v-Xn-bpw- a\ n-\v- kam-[m-\hpw- e`y-am-hp-∂tXm-sSm-∏w-

Ahs≥d lrZbØn¬- am-‰ßƒ- krjv-Sn-°p-Ibpw- Iq-Sn- sNøp-

∂Xm-Wv- bYm¿-Y- km-ln-Xyw.- Cu- A¿-Y-Øn¬- Jp¿-B≥- Hcp-

Ip-‰a‰ km-ln-Xy-IrXn-bm-Wvv.- ]t£,- AsXm-cp- tIhe km-lnXy-

krjv-Sn-tbm- Ihn-Xm]p-kv-XItam- A√.- ]Xyp-X [m¿-a-n-I kn≤m-

¥ßfpw- k≥-am¿-tK-m-]tZißfp-am-WXn-s≥-d D≈S°w.- aXw-,-

[¿-a-w- ap-Xem-b "hc≠'-hn-jbßsfSp-Øp-sIm-≠v- cN\ \n-¿

hln-®v- `m-jm-km-ln-Xy-Øn-\v- D∂Xam-b kw-`m-h\Iƒ- \¬-In

bh¿- Xo-sc hn-cfam-Wv.- F∂m¬- Jp¿B\m-Is´ CØcw- hn

jbßsfSp-Øp-sIm-≠v- ]Xn-]m-Zn-®p-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ AXn-s≥-d

D∂Xam-b km-ln-Xy-aq -eyw- \n -e\n¿-Øp-∂psh∂Xm-Wv -

AXv`pXw.-

Jp¿-B≥- FXtØm-fw- a\p-jy-a\ p-Isf kzm-[o-\n-®n-cp-∂p-

sh∂Xn-\p- Hcp- DZm-lcWw- t\m-°p-I.- \_n- (k) Hcn-°¬- IAv

_bp-sS kao-]w- sh®v- Jp¿-B≥- Hm-Xp-Ibm-Wv.- tim-Xm-°fn¬-

ap-kv-enw-Ifpw- Aap-kv-enw-Ifpsa√mw D≠v.- kq-dØp-∂Pv-an-se km

jv-Smw-KØn-s≥d kq-Iv-Xw- Hm-Xn-s°m-≠n-cn-s° A√m-lp-hn-s≥-d

I¬-]\ ]Im-cw- \_n- km-jv-Smw-Kw- (kp-Pq-Zv-) sNbv-Xp.- DaøØp-

_v-\p- Je^v-- F∂ Al¶m-cn- Hgn-sI,- _m-°n-sb√m-hcpw-˛ap-kv-

enw-Ifpw- Aap-kv-enw-Ifp-sa√mw- km-jv-Smw-Kw- \an-®p-t]m-bn.- AXm

Wv- Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d kzm-[o-\iIv-Xn.- ITn-\hn-tcm-[n-Iƒ- t]m-epw-

AXn-s≥-d I¬-]\ A\p-kcn-®v- Xe Ip-\n-°p-∂ Ahkv-Ybp-

≠m-hp-I! a\p-jy-a\ n-s\ kzm[o-\n-°m-\p-≈ Zn-hy-hN\ßfp-

sS Ign-hm-Wv- Chn-sS \mw- Z¿-in-°p-∂Xv.- ]hm-NIs\ h[n-°m-

\m-bn- h∂ Dadn-s\ Ckv-em-an-s≥-d A\p-bm-bn-bm-°n- am-‰n-bXv-

Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d Cu- kzm-[o-\iIv-Xn-b√m-sX as‰m-∂p-am-bn-cp-∂n√.-

Pp-ss_dv-_v-\p- ap-Xv-Cw- F∂ Ahn-izm-kn- Hcn-°¬- hgn-bn-eq-sS

\S∂p-t]mhp-Ibm-Wv.- ssZhZq-X≥- aKv-cn-_v- \akv-Im-cØn¬

kqdØp-Xzq-¿- Hm-Xn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv- At±lw- tI´p.- AXn-se

Hm-tcm- ]Zhpw- At±lØn-s≥-d lrZbØn¬- ]Xn-™p.- AXns‚-

at\m-lm-cn-X At±lsØ BI¿-jn-®p.- AXn-s≥d kzm-[o\

Øn¬-- At±lw- AXn-ibn-®p.- Ahn-sSsh®v- Xs∂ At±lw-

Ckvemw- kzo-Icn-®p.-

Cßs\ FXsbX kw-`hßƒ! Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d hiy-am-b

ssien- Ckv-em-antes°Øn-® Ip-tdb[n-Iw- m-Ky-hm-∑m-sc°pdn-

®v- Ncn-Xw- \ap-°v- ]Tn-∏n-®p-Xcp-∂p-≠v.-

a°m- ap-iv-cn-°p-Iƒ- t]m-epw- Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d hiyam-b ssien-

sb°p-dn-®v- t_m-[hm-∑m-cm-bn-cp-∂p.- \m-Sp-hn-Sm-s\m-cp-ßn-b A_q-

_°dn-(d)s\ Xn-cn-®p-sIm-≠p-h∂ C_v-\p-Zv-Zp-Kv-\tbm-Sv- a°m-\n-

hm-kn-Iƒ- ]d™Xv- C]Im-cam-bn-cp-∂p: "A_q-_°¿- Jp¿-B≥-

Dds° Hm-Xp-Ibw- Rßfp-sS kv-Xo-Ifpw- Ip-ń-Ifpw- AXp-tIƒ-

°m≥- CShcp-Ibpw- sNøcp-Xv.- F¶n¬- am-Xta Chn-sS Xm-akn-

°m≥- A_q-_°dn-s\ Rßƒ- A\p-hZn-°p-Ibp-≈q.-'- ]hmN

Is≥-d Jp-¿-B≥- ]m-cm-bWw- tI´v- AXn¬- BIrjv-S\m-bn-s°m

≠v- H∂pw- Dcn-bm-Sm-sX kz-hkXn-bn-te°p- aSßn-b Jp-ssdio-

t\Xm-hm-b heo-Zp-_v-\p- ap-Ko-dtbm-Sv-,- ap-lΩZn-s≥-d hN\ßƒ-

AkXy-am-sW∂v- ]cky- ]kv-Xm-h\ sNøWsa∂m-hiy-s∏´

A_q-Plv-en-\v- At±lw- \¬-In-b adp-]Sn- it≤bam-Wv.- "Rm

s\¥m-Wv- ]dtb≠Xv?- KZy-Øn-epw- ]Zy-Øn-epw- Pn-∂p-Ifp-sS

Im-hy-ßfn-epw- Ad_n-`m-jbp-sS at‰sXm-cp- km-ln-Xy-im-Jbn

epw- \n-ßtf°mƒ- Adn-sh\n-°p-≠v.- ssZham-Wv- kXyw-! Cu-

a\p-jy≥- ka¿-∏n-°p-∂ hN\ßƒ- Ahbn¬- H∂n-t\m-Spw- km

Zriy-an-√.- ssZham-sW,- Ahs≥-d hN\ßƒ°v- hn-kv-abm-hlam-

sbm-cp- am-[p-cy-hpw- ]tXy-Iam-sbm-cp- `w-Kn-bp-ap-≠v.- AXn-s≥-d

sIm-ºp-Ifpw- Nn-√Ifpw- eßƒ- \n-d™Xpw- ap-cSv- ]in-abm¿∂

aÆn¬- Du-∂n- \n¬-°p-∂Xp-am-Wv.- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- AXv- k¿h

hN\\ßtf°m-fpw- D∂Xam-Wv.- AXn-s\ Xm-gv-Øn-°m-Wn-°m≥-

as‰m-cp- hN\Øn-\pw- km-≤y-a√.- AXn-s≥-d Io-gn-eIs∏Sp-∂

kIeXn-s\bpw- AXv- XI¿-Øp-Ifbpw.- Xo¿-®!'-

Jp¿-B≥- \SØn-b ]hN\ßƒ- A£cw-]Xn- ]p-e¿∂psh

80 Jp¿-B≥-; \n-Xy-\q-X\ KŸw- 81


∂Xm-Wv- B hn-ip-≤thZK\v-YØn-s≥-d as‰m-cp- Aam-\p-jnIm¬-

`p-Xw.- kam-[m-\w- ]hNn-°p-∂ ]hm-NIs≥-d hN\w- kXy-am-

bn-Øo-cp-tºmƒ- Abm-sf I¿-Øm-hv- Ab®Xm-sW∂v- Adn-bm-

sa∂ bn-csaym- ]hm-NIs≥d-1 Zo¿-LZ¿-i\Øn-s≥-d ]q¿-Øo

IcWw- Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d ]hN\ßfp-sS ]q¿-Øo-IcWØn¬- \ap

°v- Z¿-in-°m≥- Ign-bpw.-

Ckv-em-an-INcn-XØn-se ]kn-≤am-sbm-cp- k‘n- \S°p-Ibm-

Wv.- Xßfp-sS aXtIµam-b IAv-_ kµ¿-in-°m-s\Øn-bt∏mƒ-

hgn-bn-¬-sh®v- hn-izm-kn-Iƒ- Ahn-izm-kn-Ifm¬- XSbs∏´p.- Hcp-

k\v-[n-bn-te¿-s∏Sm≥- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- \n¿-_\v-[n-Xcm-hp-Ibpw- Xn

I™ COm-`w-KtØm-sS aSßn-t∏m-hp-Ibpw- sNbv-X Ahkcw.-

C\n-sbm-cn-°epw- Xßƒ-°v- a°bp-sS hn-ip-≤ `q-an-bnte°v-

]thin-°m-≥- Igbn-s√∂v- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- IW°p-Iq- n-b kµ¿`w.-

"A√mlp- Dt±in-°p-∂ ]£w,- kam-[m-\Nn-Øcm-bn-s°m-≠v- Xe

ap-Wv-U\w- sNbv-Xhcpw- ap-Sn-shń-bhcpw- Bbn-s°m-≠v- \n-ßƒ-

H∂pw- `bs∏Sm-sX ]hn-Xam-b tZhm-ebØn¬- ]thin-°p

IXs∂ sNøpw-'.-2 Cu- ]hN-\w- km-£m-Xv-Icn-°s∏´p.- ]hmN

I\pw- A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw- Iq-Sn- c≠p- h¿-jßƒ-°ptijw- kam[m-

\Nn-Øcm-bn-s°m-≠v- IAv-_bn¬- ]thin-°p-IXs∂ sNbv-Xp.-

ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- AIaßƒ- t\cn- p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ibm-Wv.-- Ah¿

°v- A[n-Im-csØtbm- B[n-]Xy-sØtbm- Ip-dn-®v- Nn-¥n-°p-hm≥-

t]m-epw- høm-Ø Ahkv-Y.- kz-¥w- \m-ń¬-\n-∂p-t]m-epw- ASn-

t®m-Sn-°s∏ń-cp-∂ Im-ew-.- B kabØv- Jp¿-B≥- ]Jym-]n-®p.-

"\n-ßfn¬-\n-∂v- hn-iz-kn-°p-Ibpw- k¬-I¿-a-ßƒ- ]h¿-Øn-°p-

Ibpw- sNbv-Xhtcm-Sv- A√m-lp- hm-Kv-Zm-\w- sNbv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p; Ah

cp-sS ap-ºp-≈h¿-°v- ]m-Xn-\n-[yw- \¬-In-bt]m-se Xo-¿-®bm-bpw-

`q-an-bn¬- Ah≥- Ah¿-°v- ]m-Xn-\n-[yw- \¬-Ip-Ibpw-,- Ah¿-°v-

Ah≥- Xr]v-Xn-s∏´p-sIm-Sp-Ø Ahcp-sS aXØn-s≥-d Im-cy-Øn¬-

Ah¿-°v- Ah≥- kz-m-[o-\w- \¬-Ip-Ibpw- Ahcp-sS `b∏m-Sn-\v-

tijw- \n¿-`bXzw- ]Icw- \¬-Ip-Ibpw- sNøp-∂Xm-sW∂v'-3

ssZhØn-s≥d alØm-b Cu- ]hN\w- km-£m-Xv-Icn-°s∏´p.-

a°bn-se a¿-Z-Icm-b ap-iv-cn-°p-Itfbpw- aZo-\bn-se ap-\m-^nJp

Isfbpw- blq-ZssIkv-Xhscbpw- Ckv-em-an-s≥-d kIehn-[

iXp-°sfbpw- ]cm-Pbs∏Sp-Øn-s°m-≠v- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ-°v- cWw-

e`n-°p-Ibpw- \n-¿- bXz-tØm-sS Po-hn-°m-\m-Ip-sa∂ Ahkv-Ybp-

≠m-hp-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp.-

Atd_y≥- A¿-[-Zo-]n-s≥-d Nn-e m-Kßfn¬- B[n-]Xyw- t\

Sm≥- th≠n-bp-≈ t]m-cm-´w- \S°p-Ibm-Wv.- thZ°m-cm-b In-kv

Xym-\n-Ifpw- AKv-\n-Bcm-[I-cm-b t]¿-jy-°m-cpw- XΩn-em-bn-cp∂

bp-≤w.- In-kv-Xym-\n-Itfm-Sv- ap-kv-enw-Ifpw- t]¿-jy-°m-tcm-Sv- apiv-

cn-°p-Ifpw- A\p-`m-hw- ]ISn-∏n-®p.- ln-Pv-d A©mw-h¿-jØn¬-

\S∂ tLm-cbp-≤Øn¬- tdm-a°m¿- ]cm-Pbs∏´p.- C\n-sbm-cp-

Xn-cn-®p-hchv- Akm-[y-am-sW∂v- tXm-∂n-∏n-°p-am-dv- AXbv-°p-

Zb\o-bam-bn-cp-∂p- ssIkv-Xhcp-sS ]cm-Pbw.- _lp-ssZhm-cm[

I¿- CXp- ap-XseSp-Øp-sIm-≠v- ap-kv-enw-Isf ]cn-lkn-°p-hm≥-

Xp-Sßn.- Cu- AhkcØn¬- Jp¿-B≥- ]Jym-]n-®p: "ASp-Ø

\m-ń¬- sh®v- tdm-a°m¿- ]cm-Pn-Xcm-°s∏ń-cn-°p-∂p.- XßfpsS

]cm-PbØn-\p-tijw- GXm-\pw- h¿-jßƒ-°p-≈n¬- Xs∂

Ah¿- hn-Pbw- hcn-°p-∂Xm-Wv'.-1 Cu- ]Jym-]\w- sX‰n-bn-√.-

Bdp-h¿-jßƒ- Xn-Ibp-∂Xn-\p- ap-ºv- thZ°m-cm-b tdm-a°m¿-

AKv-\n-bm-cm-[Icm-b t]¿-jy-°m-sc ]cm-Pbs∏Sp-Øn.-

Cßs\ FXsbX ]hN\ßƒ! Jp¿-B\ns≥-d Hcp -]h

N\w -t]m-epw- ]q¿-Øo-Icn-°s∏Sm-Xn-cp-∂n- n-√.- q-Xhpw- m-hnbpw-

h¿-Øam-\hp-adn-bp-∂ alm-\m-b c£n-Xm-hns≥-dXm-Wv- Cu-

KŸsa∂ bm-Ym¿-Y-yw- Cu- ]hN\ßfn-eq-sS \ap-°v- sXfn-

™p-Im-Wmw.-

Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d AhXcWIm-eØv- tem-Iw- im-kv-Xkm-t¶Xn-

Icw-KØv- B[p-\n-Iho-£WØn-eq-sS t\m-°p-tºmƒ- h´∏q-Py-

Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p.- Zq-cZ¿-in-\n-Itfm- kq-£v-aZ¿-in-\n-Itfm- A∂v-

Is≠Øn-bn- n-√.- BIm-iØn-eq-sS ]d°m-\pw- kap-ZØn-\IØv-

KthjWw- \SØm-\p-ap-≈ km-t¶Xn-Ihn-Zy-Isf°p-dn-®v- A°m-1.- bn-scaym-hv- 28:92. Jp¿-B≥ 48:27-3. Jp¿-B≥ 24:55 1. Jp¿-B≥- 30: 2-˛4

82 Jp¿-B≥-; \n-Xy-\q-X\ KŸw- 83


eØv- H∂p-adn-bn-√.- AXn-s≥d AhXcWØn\v- tijap-≈ ]Xn-

\m-ev- \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ- im-kv-X km-t¶Xn-Icw-Kßfn¬- alØm-b

hn-πhßƒ- \S∂ \q-‰m-≠p-Ifm-Wv.- a\p-jy-\v- Adn-bm-Ø ]e

hkv-Xp-XIfpw- Ah≥- I≠p-]n-Sn-®p.- ]m-]©n-ItKm-fßfp-sS \n

e\n¬-∏n-\v- ]n-∂n-ep-≈ iIv-Xn-tbXm-sW∂v- Ah¿- a\ n-em-°n.-

BIm-iØn-s≥-d A\¥XIfn-te°v- Ahs≥-d Zrjv-Sn-Iƒ- \o-

≠p.- B‰Øns≥-d AIØp-≈sX¥m-sW∂Xn-s\°p-dn-®v- Ah≥-

]Tn-®p.- Po-htIm-iØn-s≥-d ]tXy-IXIfpw- ]h¿-Ø\ßfp-

sa¥m-sW∂v- Ah\v- hn-iZo-Icn-°m≥- Ign-™p.- ]t£,- hn-ip≤

Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d Hscm-‰ hN\w- t]m-epw- im-kv-X kmt¶Xn-I

cwKßfn-se hn-πhßƒ-°p-ap-∂n¬- sX‰m-sW∂p- sXfn-bn-

°s∏ń-ń-√.- Jp¿-B≥- ]d™ Hscm-‰ kXyw-t]m-epw- AkXy-

am-sW∂v- ]dbm≥- im-kv-XØn-\v- km-[n-®n- n-√.- am-Xhp-a√,- imkv-

Xw- ]p-Xn-b Is≠Øep-Iƒ- \SØp-tºmƒ- Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d

A]am-Zn-Xz-hpw- APøXbpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Iq-Sp-X¬- sXfn-™p-hcn-

Ibm-Wv- bYm¿-Y-Øn¬- sNøp-∂Xvv.- hm-\im-kv-XØn-tem- `q-an-

im-kv-XØn-tem- kap-Zim-kv-XØn-tem- `q-Wim-kv-XØn-tem-

H∂pw- ASn-kv-Ym-\ Pvv -Rm-\w- t]m-ep-an-√m-Xn-cp-∂ Im-eØv-

AhXcn-°s∏´ Jp¿-B\n-se hN\ßƒ- ]kv-Xp-X im-kv-Xim-

JIfn-se B[p-\n-I I≠p-]n-Sn-Øßfp-am-bn- ]q¿-W-am-bpw- tbmPn-

°p-∂p-sh∂ hkv-Xp-X B KŸØn-s≥-d Aam-\p-jn-IX hyIv-

Xam-°p-∂p-.-

1929¬- _n-ó-jv tPym-Xnim-kv-XPv-R\m-b FUv-hn≥- ]n.-

l_pƒ- ]]©w- hn-Ikn-°p-∂p-sh∂ \n-Ka\Øn-seØn.- KmeIv-

kn-Ifn¬- \n-∂p-≈ ]Im-iXcw-Kßfp-sS eam-bn- A\p- hs∏Sp

∂ Acp-W`w-i(red shift)am-Wv- Km-eIv-kn-Iƒ- AI∂p- \o-ßn-

s°m-≠n-cn°p-∂p-sh∂ \n-Ka\Øn-seØm≥- l_p-fn-s\ t]cn-

∏n-®Xv.- Cu- Acp-W`w-iw- bm-Ym¿Y-yw- Xs∂bm-sW∂pw- AXp-

sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ]]©w hn-Ikn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw-

At±lØn-\p-tijhpw- ]K¬- cm-b ]ecpw-KthjWw- sNbvXp-

Is≠Øn-bn-´p-≠vv. - ]Xn-\m-ev- \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ-°v- ap-ºp-Xs∂

]]©w- hn-Ikn-°p-∂p-sh∂ bm-Ym¿-Y-yw- Jp¿-B≥- ]Jym-]n®n-

´p-≠v: "BIm-iam-Is´ \m-aXn-s\ Icßfm¬- \n¿-a-n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.-

Xo¿-®bm-bpw- \mw- hn-Ikn-∏n-s®Sp-°p-∂h\p-am-Ip-∂p'-1 sh∂v-

kjv-Sm-hv- Jp-¿-B\n-eq-sS ]Jym-]n-°p-tºmƒ- ]]©hn-Im

ksa∂ ]Xn-`m-kam-Wv- \ap-°p- ap-∂n¬- sXfn-™p-hcp-∂Xv.-

]]©w- hn-Ikn-°p-∂p-sh∂ k¶¬-]Øn-t∑em-Wv- B[p\n-

I ]]©am-XrI \n¿-an-°s∏ń-´p-≈Xvvv.- B am-XrI ]Im-cw-

]]©Øn-s≥-d D¬-]-Øn-sb kw-_\v-[n-® kn-≤m-¥w- alm-hn-

kvt^m-S\kn-≤m-¥ (big bang theory)sa∂ t]cn-em-Wv- Adn-

bs∏Sp-∂Xv. BIm-itKm-fßfpw- q-an-bp-sa√mw- Hscm-‰ BZn-]Zm¿-

Y-Øn-s≥-d `m-Kam-bn-cp-∂p.- A\¥km-µam-b B "tIm-kv-an-Iv-

F§v-'- Hcp- l_vƒ- kabØn-\p-ap-ºv- s]m-ń-sØdn-®p-sh∂pw-

AXn¬- \n-∂pw- BIm-itKm-fßfpw- `q-an-bp-sa√mw- D≠m-bn-

F∂pw- Cu- kn-≤m-¥w- ka¿-Yn-°p-∂p.- ]m-]©n-I hkv-Xp-

°sf√mw- H∂m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw- ]n-∂o-Sm-Wv- Ah th¿-s]Sp-

Øs∏´sX∂pap-≈- hkv-Xp-X Bbn-cØn-\m-\q-dv- h¿-jßƒ-°p-

ap-ºv- Jp¿-B≥- Cßs\bm-Wv- hy-Iv-Xam-°n-bXv: "BIm-ißfpw-

`q-an-bpw- Hń-t®¿-∂Xm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw- F∂n- v- \mw- Ahsb th¿-

s∏Sp-Øp-Ibm-Wp-≠m-bsX∂pw- kXy-\n-tj[n-Iƒ- I≠n-t√'.-2

B[p-\n-I ]]©am-XrI ]Im-cw- \£Xßfp-sS krjv-Sn

sb kw-_\v-[n-® kn-≤m-¥w- Cßs\bm-Wv:- Hcp-Xcw- km-µo

IcW ]In-bbn-eq-sSbm-Wv- \£Xßƒ- cq]w-sIm-≈p-∂Xv.-

\£Xm-¥co-b hm-XIßfpw- s]m-Sn-]Seßfpw- a‰pw- ASßn-b

taLam-Wv- s\_p-e.- s\_p-eIfn-se FÆa‰ hm-XI\∑m-XIƒ-

°n-Sbn-epw- [q-fo-IWßƒ-°n-Sbn-epw- ]h¿-Øn-°p-∂ Kp-cp-Xzm-

I¿-jWam-Wv- \£X ]cn-Wm-aØn-s≥-d ]YaL´w.- s\_p-

ebn¬- Hcp- ]tXy-I ]tZiØv- ]Zm¿-Y-tIµo-IcWw- \S°p-

tºmƒ- Hcp-Xcw- Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿-jWtaJe Dcp-Øn-cn-bp-Ibpw-

AtXm-Sp-Iq-Sn- Ahn-tS°v- IpSq-X¬- ]Zm¿-Y-tIµo-IcWw- \S°p-

Ibpw- Aßs\ [q-fn-Ifp-sSbpw- hm-XIßfp-sSbpw- tiJcap-≠m-

hp-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv- \£Xßƒ- cq-]saSp-°p-∂Xv.- Cu-

hkv-Xp-XIƒ- ap-gp-h≥- Iq-Sn- Jp¿-B≥- hn-hcn-°p-∂Xv- Cßs\bm-

Wv-: ""AXn-\p-]p-dsa Ah≥- D]cn-tem-IØn-s≥-dbpw- kw-hn-[m\w-

1. Jp¿-B≥- 51: 472. Jp¿-B≥- 21: 30

84 Jp¿-B≥-; \n-Xy-\q-X\ KŸw- 85


\SØn.- AXv- Hcp- ]p-Ibm-bn-cp-∂p.- AXn-t\m-Spw- `q-an-tbm-Spw-

Ah≥- BPv-Rm-]n-®p: \n-ßƒ- c≠pw- A\pkcWm-]q¿-htam- \n¿

_\v-[n-Xtam- Bbn- hcn-I.- Ah c≠p-w- ]d™p-: Rßfn-Xm-

A\p-kcWbp-≈hcm-bn- h∂n-cn-°p-∂p''.-1

A¥co-£w- Hcp- ta¬-°q-cbm-sW∂v- C∂v- \ap-°dn-bmw.- D¬

°m-\n-]m-Xßfn¬- \n-∂pw- Aƒ-Sm-hbe‰v- civ-an-bn¬- \n-∂pw- qan-

sb c£n-°p-∂Xv- A¥co-£sa∂ ta¬-°q-cbm-Wv.- "D]cn-temI

sØ \mw- kw-c£n-Xam-b Hcp- ta¬-°q-cbm°n-bn-´p-≠v'2 F∂

Jp¿-B\n-I ]cm-a¿-iw- FXicn-!

`q-IºXcw-Kßfp-sS thKX \n-b¥n-°p-∂Xn-\v- Hcp- \√ ]¶p-

hln-°p-∂Xv- ]¿-h-Xßfm-Wvv-.- q-tKm-fØn-s≥-d B¥cn-Ihpw- _m

ly-hp-am-b LS\ ]cn-c£n-°p-∂Xn¬- ]¿-∆Xßƒ-°v- KWy-amb

]¶p-≠v.- `q-an-bp-sS k¥p-en-XXzw- kw-c£n-°p-∂Xn¬- ]¿∆

Xßfp-sS kw- m-h\sb°p-dn-®v- a\ n-em-bXv- NµtKm-fsØ°p

dn-® ]T\Øn-¬-\n-∂m-bcp-∂p.- q-an-bp-sS ASn-bn-se _kmƒ- n¬-

sN∂p-ap-´p-∂ thcp-Ifp-≠v,- ]¿-∆Xßƒ°v.- Cu- thcp-Ifm-Wv-

`q-an-sb k¥p-en-Xam-bn- \n-e\n¿-Øp-∂Xv.- q-an-bp-sS ]XeØn¬-

ASn-®p-Ib‰n-b BWn-Isft∏m-sebm-Wv- ]¿-∆Xßfp-sS In-S∏v.-

"`q-an-sb- \mw- Hcp- hn-cn-∏pw- ]¿-∆Xßsf BWn-Ifpw- B°n-bn

t√'-3sb∂pw- "`q-an- Ahscbpw- sIm-≠v- CfIm-Xn-cn-°p-hm-\m-bn-

AXn¬- \mw- Dd®p-\n¬-°p-∂ ]¿-∆Xßfp-≠m-°p-Ibpw- sNbv-

Xn-cn-°p-∂p'-4 sh∂pw- Jp¿-B≥- ]Jym-]n-°p-tºmƒ- ]¿hXß

sf°p-dn-®v- B[p-\n-Iimkv-XØn-s≥-d I≠p-]n-Sp--Øßƒ- ]Xn\m

-ep- \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ-°v- ap-ºv- CX IrXy-am-bn- ]d™n-cn-°p∂sXß

s\sb∂v- \mw- A¬-`p-Xs∏´p-t]m-Ip-∂p.-

P¥p-tem-IØp- \S°p-∂ ]Xyp-¬-]m-Z\w- s]m-Xp-sh ssewKn-

Iam-Wv.- kky-tem-IØv- ssew-Kn-Ihpw- Assew-Kn-Ihp-am-b

]Xyp¬-]m-Z\co-Xn-Ifp-≠v.- ssew-Kn-I ]Xyp¬-]m-Z\Øn¬-

CWIfp-sS A\n-hm-cy-X B¿-°pw- t_m-[y-s∏Sp-tØ≠Xn-√.- Cu-

CWIfm-Wv- P¥p-˛kky-ßfp-sS \n-e\n¬-]n-∂p- \nZm-\w.- Pohn-

Iƒ- am-Xa√,- AtNX\am-b ]e hkv-Xp-°fpw- \n-e\n¬-°p∂

Xpw- CWIfp-sS kw-k¿-KØn¬-\n-∂m-sW∂v- B[p-\n-IimkvXw-

kn-≤m-¥n-°p-∂p-≠v.- sshZyp-Xnbp-sS \n-e\n¬-]n-\v- Im-cWw- t]m

kn-‰o-hv,- s\K‰o-hv- Nm¿-Pp-Ifp-sS Akv-Xn-Xz-am-Wt√m. ]Zm¿Y-

Øn-s≥-d G‰hpw- au-en-I IWßfm-b B‰Øn-\IØp-≈ CeIv

tSm-Wpw- t]m-t´m-Wpw- CWIfm-sW∂v- \ap-°dn-bmw.- au-en-I

IWßƒ- \n¿-an-°s∏ń-cn-°p-∂ "Izm¿-°p-Iƒ'- krjv-Sn-°s∏ńcn-

°p-∂Xpw- Izm¿-°v-˛B≥-dn-Izm¿-°v-- CWIfp-sS kw-KaØn¬- \n

∂m-Wv.- Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d ]cm-a¿-iw- FXicn! "`q-an- ap-f∏n-°p-∂

kky-ßfn-epw- Ahcp-sS kz-¥w- h¿-Kßfnepw- Ah¿-°dn-bm-

Ø hkv-Xp-°fn-epw-s]´ F√m- CWIsfbpw- krjv-Sn-®h≥- FX

]cn-ip-≤≥'1

`q-Wim-kv-XsØ°p-dn-® ASn-kv-Ym-\]cam-b Adn-hp-Iƒ-

Xs∂ \ap-°p-≠m-bXv- Cu-bSp-Ø Im-eØm-Wv.- - `q-W]cn-Wma

sØ°p-dn-® ]p-Xn-b Is≠Øep-Ifp-sS shfn-®Øn¬- ]gb ]e

hn-izm-kßfpw- \n-ew-]cn-im-bn.- ^tem-∏n-b≥- \m-fnbn-¬- sh®v-

Afihpw- _o-Phpw- kw-tbm-Pn-®v- kn-Iv-Xm-fiw- D≠m-bn-°gn

™m¬- ]n-s∂ AXv- kz-bw-Xs∂ K¿- m-ib`n-Øn-sb e£y-am°n-

\o-ßp-Ibpw- Ahn-sS Hcp- A´sb t]m-se Hń-∏n-Sn-°p-Ibpw- sNøp

∂p.- Chn-sS\n-∂m-Wv- `q-Ww- hfcm≥- Xp-Sßp-∂Xv.- AXv- hf¿∂v-

\·t\Xßƒ-°v- Hcp- amw-k]n-fiam-bn- Zriy-am-Ip-∂p.- ]n-∂oSv-

Cu- ]n-fiØn-\IØv- Akv-Yn-Iƒ- hfcp-∂p.- Cßs\bp-≠m-Ip

∂ Akv-Yn-Iƒ- t]in-Ifm¬- ad°s∏Sp-∂p.- Ahn-sS\n-∂m-Wv-

Ip-™p-≠m-Ip-∂Xv.- ]n-s∂ Ip-™n-s≥-d hf¿-®bm-Wv- \S°p-∂Xv.-

Jp¿-B≥- Cu- L´ßsfsb√mw- hfsc hy-Iv-Xhpw- kv-Jen-Xcln-

Xhp-am-bn- hn-hcn-®n-´p-≠v.- "]n-s∂ B _o-PsØ Hń-∏n-Sn-°p-∂

`q-Wam-bn- cq-]m-¥cs∏Sp-Øn.- A\¥cw,- B `q-WsØ \m-w-

Hcp- amw-k]n-fiam-bn- cq-]s∏Sp-Øn.- Xp-S¿-∂v- \mw- B amw-k]n-

fisØ Akv-Yn-Iq-Sam-bn- cq-]s∏Sp-Øn.- F∂n- v- \mw- B AkvYn-

Iq-SsØ amw-kw-sIm-≠v- s]m-Xn-™p.- ]n-∂o-Sv- as‰m-cp- krjv-Sn-

bm-bn- \mw- Ahs\ hf¿-Øn-sbSp-Øp'-2.1. Jp¿-B≥- 41: 112. Jp¿-B≥- 21: 323. Jp¿-B≥- 78: 6, 74. Jp¿-B≥- 21: 31

1. Jp¿-B≥- 36: 362. Jp¿-B≥- 23: 14

86 Jp¿-B≥-; \n-Xy-\q-X\ KŸw- 87


AΩbp-sS K¿- m-ibØn¬-sh®m-Wv- kn-Iv-Xm-fiw- hfcp-∂Xv.-

aq-∂v- BhcWßfm-Wv- AΩbp-sS hb‰n-ep-≈Xv.- AΩbp-sS ASn-

hbdn-s≥-d `n-Øn-; c≠v-,- K¿-`m-ib`n-Øn-; aq-∂v,- K¿-`m-ibØn-

\IØp-≈ t\¿-Ø Bav\n-tbm-tIm-dn-tbm¨- ]m-S.- Cu- aq-∂v- `n

Øn-Ifn-se Ccp- d°p-≈n-em-Wv- `q-Ww- hfcp-∂Xv.- Cu- hkv-XpX

Jp¿-B≥- Cßs\ hy-Iv-Xam-°n:- "\n-ßfp-sS am-Xm-°fp-sS hbdp-

Ifn¬- \n-ßsf Ah≥- krjv-Sn-°p-∂p;- aq-∂p-Xcw- A‘--Im-cß

fnem-bn-.- krjv-Sn-bp-sS Hcp- L´Øn-\p-tijw- as‰m-cp-Lám-bn-

s°m-≠v'1.

A¬-`p-Xw-! Cu- hN\ßƒ- sam-gn-bp-∂Xv- Bdmw- \q-‰m-≠n¬-

Po-hn-® \n-c£c\m-b Hcp- a\p-jy-\m-Wv.- Ccp-]Xmw- \q-‰m-≠n¬-

am-Xw- I≠p-]n-Sn-°s∏´ im-kv-X hkv-Xp-XIƒ- Hcp- sX‰pw-]‰m-

sX Cu- hN\ßfn¬- hy-Iv-Xam-Ip-∂p.- C\n-bpw- \mw- Nn-¥n-°pI.-

Cu- KŸw- ssZhn-Iat√ F∂v.- `q-XIm-ehpw- `m-hn-Im-ehpw- h¿-

Øam-\Im-ehpw- icn-°dn-bm-hp-∂,- clky-hpw- ]cky-hpw- hy-Iv-

Xm-abdn-bm-hp-∂ Hcp-h\√m-sX Cu- KŸw- cNn-°p-I km-[y-

a√Xs∂.-

Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d ]Jy-m-]\w- FXicn.- "]dbp-I.- Cu- Jp¿-B\n

\v- kaam-sbm-∂p- sIm-≠p-hcm≥-th≠n- a\p-jy-\pw- Pn-∂pw- Hcpan-

®p-tN¿-∂m-epw- CXn-\v- kaam-bXv- Ah¿- sIm-≠p-hcn-Ibn-√.-

Ah¿- XΩn¬-XΩn¬- klm-bn-®n-cp-∂m-epw- icn'.-2

A√m-lp-hn-ep-≈ hn-izm-kw-

Cu- ]]©Øn-se kIe hkv-Xp-°fpw- AXn-\∏p-dØp-≈

Hcp- Im-cWsØ tXSp-∂p-≠v. Hm-tcm- hkv-Xp-hn-\p-w- hkv-Xp-X°p-

sa√mw- Im-cWat\z-jn-°p-∂hcm-Wv- a\p-jy≥.- ]cam-Wp- ap-X¬-

\£XPm-eßƒ-hscbp-≈ sNdp-Xpw- hep-Xp-am-b ]m-]©nI

hkv-Xp-°sfm-∂pw-Xs∂ CXn-∂]hm-Za√.- Hm-tcm-∂n-s≥dbpw- Im

cWw- Is≠Øp-tºmƒ- B Im-cWØn-s≥-d Im-cWat\z-jn-°p

∂ Ahkv-Ybp≠m-Ip-∂p.- Cu- irw-Je A\¥am-bn- Xp-S¿-∂p-

t]m-Ip-∂n-√.- AXv- Im-cWßfm-hiy-an-√m-Ø Hcp-h\n¬- Ahkm

\w- FØnt®cp-Ibm-Wv- sNøp-∂Xv.- Ah\m-Ip-∂p- F√m- At\zj

Wßfp-sSbpw- A¥yw.- kIehn-[ At\z-jWßfpw- tX´ßfpw-

Cu- ]caam-b A¥y-Øn-seØp-tºmƒ- Ahkm-\n-°p-∂p.- ]]

©Øn-se Hscm-‰ ]Xn-`m-khpw- Im-cWam-hiy-an-√m-ØXm-bn-

\ap-°v- Im-Wm≥- Ign-bp-∂n-√.- hep-Xpw- sNdp-Xp-am-b F√m- hkvXp-

°fpw- Im-cWw- tXSp-∂p.- At∏mƒ- Im-cWßfm-hiy-an-√m-Ø

]cm-iIv-Xn- ]]©Øn-\v- ]p-dØp-≈Xm-bn-cn-°Ww.- ]Zm¿-Y-mXo-

Xam-bn-cn-°Ww.- ]]©Øn-se hepXpw- sNdp-Xpam-b kIe

]Xn`m-kßfp-sSbpw- ASn-kv-Ym-\Im-cWsØbm-Wv- Ckvemw-

"A√m-lp'- F∂v- hn-fn-°p-∂Xv.-

A√m-lp- tIheam-b Hcp- iIv-Xn-tbm- DWv-abn-√m-Ø Hcp- Du¿

Pcq-]tam- amXam-sW∂v- Ckv-emw- ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂n-√.- ssZhnIk

Ø a\p-jy-s≥-d hn-iZo-IcWØn-\Xo-Xam-Wv.- A√m-lp- Xs∂1. Jp¿-B≥- 39 : 62. Jp¿-B≥- 17: 88

B-dv-

88


Adn-bn-®p-X∂ Zn-hy-shfn-]m-Sp-Ifn-eq-sS am-Xta Ahs≥-d kz`m-

hhn-tijWßsf°p-dn-®v- \ap-°dn-bm≥- Ign-bq.- F¶n-epw- Ah

s≥-d iIv-Xn-bm¬- \n-e\n¬°p-∂ ]m-]©n-IiIv-Xn-Iƒ- Ah

s≥d Akv-Xn-XzsØbpw- kz`m-hßsfbpw- Hcp- ]cn-[n-hsc shfn

s∏Sp-Øp-∂p-sh∂v- ]dbmw.-

a\p-jy-tcm-Sv- kz-X¥cm-bn- Nn-¥n-®p-sIm-≠v- kjv-Sm-hn-s≥-d

Akv-Xn-Xz-sØ°p-dn-®v- a\ n-em-°p-hm\m--Wv- Jp¿-B≥- Blzm\w

-sNøp-∂Xv.- "HÍØn-s≥-d t\¿-°v- Ah≥- t\m-°p-∂n-t√; AsX

ßs\ krjv-Sn-°s∏ń-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v.- BIm-itØ°v-; AsX

ßs\ Db¿-Øs∏ń-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v.- ]¿-hXßfn-te°;v- AsXß

s\ \m-ń-\n¿-Øs∏ń-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v.- `q-an-bn-te°v-; AsXßs\

hn-Xm-\n-°s∏ń-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v'1.-

Xs≥-d Np-‰p-]m-Sp-Ifn-te°v- ItÆm-Sn-®p-sIm-≠v- ]]©kwhn-

[m-\Øn-\p-]n-∂n-se alm-ssNX\y-sØ°p-dn-®v- a\ n-em-°p-hm-

\m-Wv- Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d I¬-]\.- kz-X¥Nn-¥ ssZh\ntj[

Ønte°v- \bn-°p-sa∂ a[y-Im-eN¿-®n-s≥-d ho-£Ww- Ckv-em-

an-\v- Xn-I®pw- A\y-am-Wv.- IÆp-sIm-≠v- Im-Wp-Ibpw- Im-Xp-sIm≠v-

tIƒ-°p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xv- a\ -p-]tbm-Kn-®v- Nn-¥n-°p-hm-\m-Wv- kjv

Sm-hn-s≥-d Akv-Xn-Xz-Øn-te°v- i≤ £Wn-°p-∂ Jp¿-B≥- kq-

Iv-Xßƒ- a\p-jy-tcm-Sm-hiy-s∏Sp-∂Xv.- A‘am-bn- ssZhhn-izm-

kn-bm-Ip-hm≥- ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂ Hscm-‰ kq-Iv-Xw -t]m-ep-w- Jp¿-B\n-

en-√.- Cu- hn-jbØn¬- Ckv-em-an-s\t∏m-se _p-≤n-sb ]h¿-

Ø\£aam-°n-b as‰m-cp- aXhp-an-s√∂Xm-Wv- hkv-Xp-X.- X∂n-

te°pw- Xs≥-d Np-‰p-]m-Sp-Ifn-te°pw- Zrjv-Sn-]m-bn-®v- ]S®hs≥d

APøXsb°p-dn-®v- a\ n-em-°p-hm≥- a\p-jy-tcm-Sv- Blzm-\w-

sNøp-∂ Jp¿-B≥- kq-Iv-Xßƒ- km-[m-cW°m¿- ap-X¬- im-kv

XPv-R¿-hscbp-≈hsc Nn-¥n-∏n-°p-hm≥- ]cym-]vXam-Wv.-

]hm-NI\v- BZy-am-bn- AhXcn-∏n-°s∏´ Jp¿-B≥- kq-IvX

ßƒ- Xs∂ t\m-°p-I.- "krjv-Sn-®h\m-b \n-s≥-d \m-Ys≥-d \ma

Øn¬- hm-bn-°p-I; a\p-jy-s\ Ah≥- `q-WØn¬- \n-∂v- krjvSn-

®n-cn-°p-∂p'-.-2 a\p-jy-tcm-Sv- kz-¥sØ°p-dn-®v- Nn-¥n-°p-hm-\m-Wv-

Cu- kq-Iv-Xw- Blzm-\w-sNøp-∂Xv.- GXm-\pw- h¿-jßƒ-°p-apºv-

\mw- H∂p-a√m-bn-cp-∂p.-

]n-s∂ ]n-Xm-hn-s≥-d ico-cØn-se tIm-Sn-°W°n-\v- _o-Pßfn-

sem-∂pw- am-Xm-hn-s≥-d ico-cØn-se Afißfn-sem-∂p-am-bn,-

Xn-I®pw- A]cn-Nn-Xam-b c≠v- m-Kßfm-bn-cp-∂p- \mw.- am-Xm-hns‚-

K¿- ]m-XØn¬-sh®v- _o-Phpw- Afihp- tN¿-∂ kn-Iv-Xm-fiap

≠m-bn.- AXv- hf¿-∂v- amw-k]n-fiam-bn.- ]n-∂o-Sv- Cu- ]n-fiØn\

IØv- Akv-Yn-Iq-Sw- cq-]s∏´p.- ]kv-Xp-X Akv-Yn-Iƒ- t]in-Ifm¬-

adbv-°s∏´p.- IÆp-Ifpw- Im-Xp-Ifpw- \m-°pw- aq-°pw- ssIIfpw-

Im-ep-Ifp-sa√m-ap-≠m-bn.- Aßs\ Hcp- Zn-hkw- \mw- q-an-bnte°v-

h∂p.- Chn-SsØ tIm-Sn-°W°n-\v- a\p-jy-cn¬- Hcm-fm-bn- \mw-

Po-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.- \Ωp-sS ico-cØn¬- hy-Xy-kv-Xßfmb

hy-hkv-YIfp-≠v.- ]kv-Xp-X hy-hkv-YIsf√mw- ]ckv-]cw- _\v

[s∏´m-Wn-cn-°p-∂Xv.- Akv-Yn-hyq-lhpw,-- Nw-IaWhyq-lhpw-,-

aqXhyq-lhpw-,- ]Xyp¬]m-Z\hyq-lhpw,- A¥:km-hhyq-lhp-

sam-∂pw- a\p-jy-s≥-d \n-b¥WØn-e√ \S°p-∂Xv.- A]cn-Nn-

Xßfm-b _o-PsØbpw- AfisØbpw- ]ckv-]cwkw-tbm-Pn-

∏n-®v- kn-Iv-Xm-fiap-≠m-°n,- AXn¬- \n-∂p \sΩ ]Sn-]Sn-bm-bn-

hf¿-Øn-s°m-≠p-h∂h\m-tcm- Ah≥- Xs∂ Cu- hy-hkv-YIsf

\n-b¥n-®p-\SØp-hm-\m-hiy-am-b kw-hn-[m-\ßƒ- icocØn¬-

sNbv-Xp-sh®n-cn-°p∂p.- kz-¥sØ°p-dn-®v- Nn-¥n-°p-∂ km-[m-

cW°m-c\pw- a\p-jy-ico-csØ°p-dn-®v- KthjWw- \SØp-∂

im-kv-XIm-c\pw- Htct]m-se kjv-Sm-hn-s≥-d ssh`hw- A\p- hn-

®dn-bp-∂p:- Jp¿-B≥- tNm-Zn-°p-∂p:- "\nßƒ-s°ßs\bm-Wv-

A√m-lp-hn-s\ \n-tj[n-°m≥- Ign-bp-I?- \n-ßƒ- \n¿-Po-h hkv-

Xp-°fm-bn-cp-∂ Ahkv-Y°v- tijw- Ah≥- \n-ßƒ-°v- Po-h≥-

\¬-In'.--1

"Xo¿-®bm-bpw- a\p-jy-s\ Ifn-aÆn-s≥-d kØn¬- \n-∂v- \mw-

krjv-Sn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- ]n-∂o-Sv- Hcp- _o-Pam-bn-s°m-≠v- Ahs\ \mw-

`Zam-b Hcp- kv-Ym-\Øv-sh®p.- ]n-s∂ B _o-PsØ \mw- Hcp-

`q-Wam-bn- cq-]s∏Sp-Øn.- A\¥cw- B `q-WsØ \mw- Hcp- amw-

k]n-fiam-bn- cq-]s∏Sp-Øn.- Xp-S¿-∂v- \mw- B amw-k]n-fisØ1. Jp¿-B≥- 88: 17-˛202. Jp¿-B≥- 96: 1, 2 1. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 8

90 A√m-lp-hn-ep-≈ hn-izm-kw- 91


Akv-Yn-Iq-Sam-bn- cq-]s∏Sp-Øn.- F∂n-´v- \mw- Akv-Yn-Iq-SsØ

amw-kw -sIm-≠v- s]m-Xn-™p.- ]n-∂o-Sv- as‰m-cp- krjv-Sn-bm-bn- \mw-

AXn-s\ hf¿-Øn-sbSp-Øp.- At∏mƒ- G‰hpw- \√ krjv-Sn

I¿Øm-hm-b A√m-lp- A\p-Kl]q¿-W\m-bn-cn-°p-∂p'.-1

"At∏mƒ- \n-ßƒ- khn-°p-∂ ip-¢sØ∏‰n- \n-ßƒ- Nn-¥n-

®p-t\m-°n-bn- p-t≠m-?- \n-ßfm-tWm- Ah krjv-Sn-®p-≠m-°p-∂Xv?-

AX√,- \m-am-tWm- krjv-Sn-I¿-Øm-hv?-'-2

s]‰p-ho-gp-∂ Ip-™n-\v- Bhiy-am-bsX√m-w- kjv-Sm-hv- Ah\p-

Np-‰pw- Hcp-°n-sh®n-cn-°p-∂p.- Icbp-tºmƒ- sXm-≠ hcfm-Xn-cn-

°m\p-≈ kw-hn-[m-\w.- ico-cØn-s≥-d Du-jv-am-hv- \n-e\n¿-Øp-

hm-\p-≈ kw-hn-[m-\w.- icocØn-s≥-d Pemw-iw- \n-e\n¿-Øp-hm\p-

≈ kw-hn-[m-\w.- Hm-Iv-kn-P≥- hen-s®Sp-°p-hm-\pw- Im¿-_¨-

Utbm-Iv-sskUv- DOz--kn-°m-\p-am-hiyam-b kw-hn-[m-\ßƒ.-

Cßs\ Fs¥¥v- kw-hn-[m-\ßfm-Wv- kjv-Sm-hv- \ap-°m-bn- Hcp-

°n-sh®n-cn-°p-∂Xv-! Ip-™n\v-- Bhiy-am-b kao-IrXm-lm-cw-

Xbm-¿-sNøp-∂Xv- amXm-hv- Xs∂bm-Wv.- Ip-™n-\v- sImSp-°m≥-

ap-e∏m-en-t\m-fw- \s√mcp- Blm-chp-an-s√∂m-Wv- hm-kv-Xhw.-

Ip™n-s≥-d hf¿-®°pw- ]Xn-tcm-[Øn-\p-am-hiyam-b F√m- t]m-

jIaq-ey-ßfpw- ap-e∏m-en-eSßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.- ap-e∏m¬- Ip-Sn-®p-

hfcp-∂ Ip- n-°v- A¬-]w- ]m-bam-Ip-∂tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn- \¬-Im-\m-hiy-

am-b t]m-jIkar≤am-b £y-hkv-Xp-°fpw- Ahs≥-d Np‰pap≠v.-

AXn¬- ][m-\s∏´ H∂m-Wv- BSp-Ifp-sSbpw- am-Sp-Ifp-sSbpw-

]m-ev.- ]ip-hn-s≥-dbpw- Fcp-abp-sSbpw- ]m¬- Ip- n-Iƒ-°v- am-Xa√,-

hen-bh¿-°pw- t]m-jIw- \¬-Ip-∂ Kp-Wkºp-jv-Sam-b Hcp-

Blm-cam-Wv.- ]ip-hn≥-]m-en¬-- 87.-2% sh≈hpw- 3.7% sIm-gp-∏pw-

4.9% ]©km-cbpw- 3.5% t]m-jIßfpw- a‰v- Ht´sd [m-Xp-°fpw-

Po-hIßfpw- ASßn-bn-´p-≠v.- BSpIfp-sSbpw- am-Sp-Ifp-sSbpw-

ico-cØn¬- a\p-jy-\m-hiy-am-b ]m¬- \n¿-an-°m≥-th≠ kw-hn-

[m-\ßƒ- sNbv-Xp-sh®Xv- Bcm-Wv?- Ahb√; \Ωfp-a√.-

Ahsbbpw- \sΩbpw- krjv-Sn-® Xºp-cm≥- Xs∂bm-sW∂

DØcam-Wv- Cu- tNm-Zy-Øn-\v- ]m¬-°m-c\pw- £o-cKthjI\pw-

\¬-Ip-hm-\p-≈Xv.- Jp¿-B≥- ]dbp-∂Xv- t\m-°p-I: "Xo¿-®bmbpw-

\n-ßƒ-°v- I∂p-Im-en-Ifn¬- Hcp- Kp-W]m-Tap-≠v.- Ahbp-sS

DZcßfnep-≈Xn¬-\n-∂v- \n-ßƒ-°v- \mw- Ip-Sn-°m≥- Xcp-∂p.-

\nßƒ-°v- Ahbn¬- [m-cm-fw- ]tbm-P\ßfp-≠v.- Ahbn¬-\n∂v-

(amw-kw-) \n-ßƒ- `£n-°p-Ibpw-sNøp-∂p'-.-1

"Im-en-Ifp-sS Im-cy-Øn¬- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- \n-ßƒ-s°m-cp- ]mTap

≠v.- Ahbp-sS DZcßfn¬- D≈Xn¬-\n-∂v-˛Im-jv-SØn-\pw- cIvX

Øn-\p-an-Sbn¬-\n-∂v- Ip-Sn-°p-∂h¿-°v- kp-JZm-bIam-b ]m¬- \n-

ßƒ-°v- Ip-Sn-°m-\m-bn- \mw- \¬-Ip-∂p'2.

\Ωp-sS \n-e\n¬-]n-\p-Xs∂ B[m-cam-bn- p-≈ kky-eXmXn-

Isf°p-dn-®v- Nn-¥n-°p-tºm-gpw- kjv-Sm-hn-s≥-d ssh`hw- \ap-°v-

t_m-[y-am-Ip-∂p.- ]®n-eIfm-Wv- `q-an-bp--sS `£y-\n¿-am-Wim-e.-

thcp-Iƒ- sh≈hpw- hfhpw- hen-s®Sp-°p-∂p.- Ah Im-fiØn-

eq-sS CeIfn-seØp-∂p.- A¥co-£Øn¬- \n-∂v- Ah Im¿-_ -

Utbm-Iv-sskUv- hen-s®Sp-°p-∂p.- Chsb√mw-Iq-Sn- kq-cy-]Im-

iØn-s≥-d km-∂n-[y-Øn¬- CeIfnse lcn-XIØn¬-sh®v- •q-

t°m-km-bn- am-dp-∂p.- Cu- ]h¿-Ø\sØbm-Wv- ]Im-ikw

t«jWw- (photosynthesis) F∂p- ]dbp-∂Xv.- ]Im-ikw-

t«jWØn-eq-sS \n¿-an-°s∏Sp-∂ •q-t°m-km-Wv- kky-ßfp-

sSbpw- P¥p-°fp-sSbpw- ASn-kv-Ym-\ £Ww.- P¥p-°ƒ- ]pdØp-

hn-S∂ Im¿-_ -Utbm-Iv-sskUv- hen-s®Sp-Øv- ]Icw- P¥p-°ƒ-

°m-hiy-ap-≈ Hm-Iv-kn-P≥- ]p-dØp-hn-Sp-Isb∂ ]h¿-Ø\w-Iq-

Sn- ]Im-ikw-t«jWtØm-sSm-∏w-- \S°p-∂p-≠v.- P¥p-°fp-sSbpw-

kky-ßfp-sSbpw- \n-e\n¬-]v- ]ckv-]cw- ]q-cIam-bn-´m-sW∂¿-

∞w.- P¥p-°fn-s√¶n¬- kky-ßƒ-t°m-,- Xn-cn-t®m- \n-e\n¬-

°m≥- Ign-bm-Ø Ahkv-Y.- kky-Pm-eßfp-sS \n-e\n¬-]n-\v-

]n∂n¬- Irjn-°m-c\pw- ]£n-im-kv-XPv-R\pw- Htct]m-se kjv-

Sm-hn-s≥-d Akv-Xn-Xzw- A\p-`hn-®dn-bp-∂p.- hn-ip-≤ Jp¿-B≥-

tNmZn-°p-∂p: "F∂m¬- \n-ßƒ- Irjn-sNøp-∂Xn-s\°p-dn-®v-

\nßƒ- Nn-¥n-®p-t\m-°n-bn-´p-t≠m?- \n-ßfm-tWm- AXv- ap-f∏n-®v-

hf¿-Øp-∂Xv.- AX√,- \m-amtWm- AXv- ap-f∏n-®v- hf¿-Øp-∂h≥?'3.-

1. Jp¿-B≥- 23: 12-˛142. Jp¿-B≥- 56: 58, 59

1. Jp¿-B≥- 23: 212. Jp¿-B≥- 16: 663. Jp¿-B≥- 56: 63, 64



hn-Øv- Ip-gn-®n-Sp-∂ Irjn-°m-c\v- AXv- ap-f®v- hf¿-∂v- D¬-]m-Z\

£aam-°p-∂Xn¬- au-en-Iam-b bm-sXm-cp- ]¶p-an-√.- hn-Øn-s≥-d

_o-PtIm-iØn-se Po-\p-Ifn¬- tcJs∏Sp-Øs∏´ hy-hkv-Yb\p-

kcn-®m-Wv- kky-hf¿-® \S°p-∂Xv.- B hy-hkv-Y- Xo¿-Øpw-

ssZhn--IasX.-

"AXv (sh≈w-) aq-ew- [m-\y-hn-fIfpw- Heo-hpw- Cu-Ø∏\bpw-

ap-¥n-cn-Ifpw- Ah≥- \n-ßƒ°v- ap-f∏n-®p-Xcp-∂p.- F√m-Øcw-

êh¿-K-ßfpw- (Ah≥- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-®p-Xcp-∂p-).- Nn-¥n-°p-∂ Bfp-

Iƒ-°v- Xo¿-®bm-bp-w- AXn¬- Zrjv-Sm-¥ap-≠v'.-1

Im¿-jn-Ihn-fIfp-sSbpw- P¥p-h¿-K-ßfp-sSbpsa√mw- \n-e\n¬-

]n-\m-hiyam-b kPv-Po-IcWßƒ- ]IrXn-bn¬- Xs∂bp-≠v.- qan-

kz-bw- àWw-sNøp-∂Xv- 23.50 sNcn-™n- m-Wv.- Cu- sNcn-hm-Wv-

EXp-t`Zßƒ-°v- Im-cWam-Ip-∂Xv.- EXp-t`Zßfm-Wt√m- `q-an-sb

Irjn-°v- ]‰n-b Klam-°n- am-‰p-∂Xv.- `q-an-sb Po-hn-X-tbm-Ky-am-

°p-∂Xn¬- ag°p-≈ ]¶v- AXn-][m-\am-Wv.- `q-an-bn-se kapZ

ßfn¬-\n-∂pw- Pem-ibßfn¬-\n-∂pw- kq-cy-Xm-]ta‰v- sh≈w- \ocm-

hn-bm-bn- am-dn- A¥co-£Øn-te°v- Dbcp-∂p.- A¥co-£Øn-se

s]m-Sn-]Seßƒ-°v- Np-‰pw- ]‰n-°q-Sn- \o-cm-hn- L\o- hn-°p∂p.- Iptd

tbsd \o-≠Xpw- k¶o¿-Whp-am-b ]In-bbn-eq-sSbm-Wv- Cßs\

L\o- hn-® taLßfn¬-\n-∂v- agbp-≠m-Ip-∂Xv.- I≠p-]n-Sn-°s∏´

BIm-itKm-fßfn¬- `q-an-sbm-gn-®v- as‰m-∂n-epw- Cu- cq-]Øn¬-

agbp-≠m-Ip-∂n-√.- `q-an-bn¬- Po-h≥- \n-e\n¿-Øm≥-th≠n- kjv-

Sm-hp-≠m-°n-b Hcp- ]tXy-I kw-hn-[m-\am-Wv- agsb∂ hkv-Xp-X

Im-em-hkv-Ym-\n-co-£I\pw- I¿-jI\p-w- Hcp-t]m-se a\ n-em-°m≥-

Ign-bpw.- agtbm-S\p-_\v-[n-®p-≈ CSn-an-∂¬-t]m-epw- `q-an-bn-se

Im¿jn-Ihn-fIƒ-°v- Kp-WZm-bIam-Wv.- A¥co-£Øn-se

ss\SPs\ kky-ßƒ-°v- D]tbm-Kn-°m≥- ]‰p-∂ ss\SP≥kw-

bp-Iv-Xßfm-°n- am-‰p-∂Xn¬- ][m-\s∏´ ]¶p-hln-°p-∂Xv- CSnan-

∂em-Wv.- Ch Hcp- h¿-jØn-¬- ]Øp-tIm-Sn- S¨- ss\SP≥-

hfßƒ- (kky-ßƒ-°v- D]tbm-Kn-°m≥- ]‰p-∂ co-Xn-bn-ep-≈

ss\SP≥- an-in-Xßƒ-) D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠sX2.-

agbpw- CSn-an-∂ep-sa√mw- ]S®Xºp-cm-s≥-d Akv-Xn-Xz-Øn-\p-

≈ sXfn-hm-sW∂m-Wv- hn-ip-≤Jp¿-B≥- ]dbp-∂Xv.- "`bhpw-

Bibpw- Dfhm-°n-sIm-≠v- \n-ßƒ-°v- an-∂¬- Im-Wn-®p-Xcp-∂Xpw-

BIm-iØp-\n-∂v- sh≈w- sNm-cn-bp-Ibpw- AXp-aq-ew- \n-ßƒ-°Xn-

s≥-d \n¿-Po-hm-hkv-Ybv-°v- -tijw- Po-h≥- \¬-Ip-Ibpw-sNøp-∂Xv-

Ahs≥-d Zrjv-Sm-¥ßfn¬-s∏´XsX.- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- AXn¬--

Nn¥n-®p-a\ n-em-°p-∂ P\ßƒ-°v- Zrjv-Sm-¥ap-≠v'-.1-

`q-an-bp-sS A¥co-£amWv- \ap-s°√mw- Chn-sS Po-hn-°m≥-

th≠ kp-c£n-XXzw- ]Zm-\w-sNøp-∂ as‰m-cp- LSIw-.- kq-cy\n¬-

\n-∂p- hcp-∂ am-cIam-b Aƒ-Sm-hbe‰v- civ-an-Isfbpw- a‰pw- XS

™p-\n¿-Øp-Ibpw- \n¿-tZm-jn-Ifpw- `q-an-bn¬- Po-h≥- \n-e\n¬-

°m≥- Bhiy-ap-≈Xp-am-b civ-an-Isf ISØn-hn-Sp-Ibpw- sNbv-

Xp-sIm-≠v- `q-an-°p- ap-Ifn¬- Acn-∏t]m-se ]h¿-Øn-°p-∂ Hm

tkm - ]m-fn-bm-Wv- q-an-bn¬- Po-h≥- \n-e\n¬-°p-hm-\m-hiy-amb

km-lNcyw- krjv-Sn-°p-∂Xv.- `q-an-bn-te°v- ]Xn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-

∂ D¬-°Isf L¿-jWw- aq-ew- Icn-®p-If™v- \in-∏n-°p-∂Xpw-

A¥co-£w-Xs∂bm-Wv.- A¥co-£w- F√m- A¿-Y-Øn-ep-w- \Ωp-

sSsbm-cpta¬-°q-cXs∂.- Cu- ta¬-°q-c°v- Xm-sg Po-hn-°p-∂

\ap-°v- \Ωp-sS kjv-Sm-hn-s\ Adn-bm≥- A¥co-£Øn¬- \Ωp

sS \n-e\n¬-]n-\v- th≠n- kw-hn-[m-\°s∏ń- p-≈ Im-cy-ßsf°p

dn-®v- A¬-]w- Nn-¥n-®m¬-aXn.- Jp¿-B≥- ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p-: "\n-ßƒ-

°p-th≠n- `q-an-sb saØbpw- D]cn-tem-IsØ ta¬-°q-cbp-am-

°p-Ibpw- D]cn- m-KØp-\n-∂p-≈ sh≈w- sNm-cn-™p-X∂n- v- AXp-

ap-tJ\ \n-ßƒ-°v- £n-°p-hm-\p-≈ Im-bvI\n-Iƒ- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n®v-

Xcn-Ibpw- sNbv-X (\m-Y≥-).- AXn-\m¬- Adn-™p-sIm-≠v- \n-ßƒ-

A√m-lp-hn-\v- ka∑m-sc D≠m-°cp-Xv'2.-

\ap-°p-Np-‰pw- Po-hn-°p-∂ \Ωp-sS klPo-hn-Ifn-tem-tcm-∂pw-

kjv-Sm-hn-s≥-d ssh`hw- hn-fn-t®m-Xp-∂hbm-Wv.- ]m-Wn-Ifn-se

F©n-\o-b¿- F∂p- hn-tijn-∏n-°m-hp-∂ tX\o-®sb°p-dn-®v- ]Tn-

®m-¬- am-XwaXn,- Nn-¥n-°p-∂h¿-°v- k¿-hiIv-Xs≥-d Bkv-XnIyw-

t_m-[y-am-Ipw.- Ip-d™ sagp-Ipw- Ip-d™ A[zm-\hpw- D]tbm-

1. Jp¿-B≥- 16: 112. tem-IØv- sam-Øw- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°s∏Sp-∂ cm-khfßfp-sS ]Øn-cń-bm-Wn-Xv.-

1. Jp¿-B≥- 30: 242. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 22



Icbn¬- Po-hn-°p-∂ sNdp-Xpw- hep-Xpam-b Po-hn-Iƒ-; sh≈Øn¬-

Po-hn-°p-∂h; ]d°pw- ]dh-Iƒ.- Chsb√mw- kjv-Sm-hn-s≥-d

Bkv-Xn-Iyw- \ap-°v- hy-Iv-X-am-°n-Øcp-∂p.-

"F√m- P¥p-°sfbpw- A√m-lpsh≈Øn¬-\n-∂v- krjv-Sn-®n-

cn-°p-∂p.- Ahbp-sS Iq-´Øn¬- DZcØn-t∑¬- Cg™p-\S°p-

∂hb-p-≠v.- c≠p-Im-en¬- \S°p-∂hbpw- Ahbn-ep-≠v.- \m-ep-Im-

en¬- \S°p-∂hbpw- Ahbn-ep-≠v.- A√m-lp- Xm≥- Dt±in-°p-

∂Xv- krjv-Sn-°p-∂p.- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- A√m-lp- F√m-Im-cy-Øn-\pw-

Ign-hp-≈h\m-Ip-∂p.-'1

a\p-jy-cp-sS ssZ\-w-Zn-\Po-hn-Xhp-am-bn- _\v-[s∏Sp-∂ BIm-

itKm-fßfm-b kq-cy-\pw- Nµ\pw- Fs∂∂pw- a\p-jy-sc A¬`p-

X ]cX¥cm-°n-bn- p-≠v.- kq-tcym-Zbhpw- Akv-Xabhp-am-bn-cp∂p-

]p-cm-X\ a\p-jy-sc AXv-- p-Xs∏Sp-Øn-sb¶n¬- kq-cy\n¬- \S°p

∂ ]h¿-Ø\ßfpw- AXn-s≥-d kv-Ym-\hp-sa√m-am-Wv- B[p-\nI

a\p-jy-sc AXv- p-Xs∏Sp-Øp-∂Xv. ku-cm-¥¿- m-KsØ Du-jv-amhv-

GItZiw- 65 e£w- Un-Kn- sk¬-jy-km-Wv.- Hcp- NXp-ci

C©n¬- Chn-sS A\p-`hs∏Sp-∂ a¿-Z-w- Hcp- e£w- ]u-≠v-!

kuchkv-Xp-hn-s≥-d m-cw,- Hcp- NXp-ciIntem-ao-‰dn-\v- 703.-1 e£w-

tIm-Sn- Intem-Km-am-Wv.- ku-cbq-YØn-se Du¿-PØn-s≥-d tkm-

X m-b kq-cy-\n¬- Du¿-tPm¬-]m-Z\w- \S°p-∂Xv- - \yq-¢n-b¿-

^yq-j≥- (sslUP≥- t_m-w-_n¬- \S°p-∂ ]h¿-Ø\w-) hgn-

bm-Wv.- AYhm- Hm-tcm- sk°≥-dn-epw- Bbn-c°W°n-\v- ssl

UP≥- t_m-w-_v- kvt^m-S\ßƒ- \S∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ibm-Wv.-

Ahn-sS Hcp- sk°≥-Un¬- D¬-]-m-Zn-∏n-°s∏Sp-∂ Du¿-Pw- 1023

Pq -ƒ- BWv.2 £o-c]Ysa∂ (milky way) Xm-cm -kaql

(galaxy)Øn-se Aw-Kam-Wv- kq-cy≥.- Xm-cm-kaq-lØn-s≥-d

tIµØn¬-\n-∂v- GItZiw- 32000 ]Im-ih¿-jw- AIsebm-Wv-

kq-cy≥- kv-Yn-Xn-sNøp-∂Xv.- kq-cy≥- AXn-s≥d Xm-cm-kaq-

ltIµsØ hrØm-Im-cm-am-b ]YØn-eq-sS àWw- sNbv-Xp-

sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.- Cu- àWØn-s≥-d thKX sk°≥-dn¬- 250

Kn-®p-sIm-≠v- Dd∏n-\v- A¬-]w-t]m-epw- tIm- w-X´m-sX G‰hpw- IqSp-

X¬- AdIfp-≠m-°m≥- tX\o-®Iƒ-°v- km-[n-°pw.- tX\o-®°q-

Sp-Ifp-sS Py-m-an-Xo-bam-b IrXy-X im-kv-XPv-R∑m-sc A¬-`p-

Xs∏Sp-Øp-∂p.- tX\o-®kaq-lØn¬- Im-Wp-∂ sXm-gn¬- hn`

P\hpw- A¬-`p-Xm-hlam-Wv.- tX≥- tiJcn-°m≥- Hcp-Iq-´¿-;

]Xyp¬-]m-Z\w- \SØm≥- as‰m-cp-Iq-´¿-; Iq-Sp-≠m-°m≥- Hcp-hn-

`m-Kw-; Iq-Sp-Im-°m≥- as‰m-cp- hn- m-Kw-; Cßs\bm-Wv- tX\o-®kaq-

lØn-s≥-d sXm-gn¬- hn-`P\w.- Xßfp-sS _m-[y-XIƒ- Po-h≥-

_en-Ign-∏n-®pw- \n¿hln-°p-∂hbm-Wv- tX\o-®Iƒ.- Ah XΩn-

ep-≈ Bibhn-\n-abco-Xn- hn-kv-abm-hlam-Wv.- tX≥- tXSn- ]pd

Øp-t]m-Ip-∂ tX\o-® Xn-cn-s®Øn-btijw- tX\n-cn-°p-∂ kvY

esØ°p-dn-®v- a‰v- tX\o-®Iƒ-°v- hn-hcw- \¬-Im≥-th≠n- Hcp-

]tXy-Ico-Xn-bn-ep-≈ \rØam-Wv- D]tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv.- "hnw-Kvƒ-

Um≥-kv' F∂dn-bs∏Sp-∂ \rØØn¬- \n¿-an-°p-∂ hrØß

fpsS BIrXn-bpw- Ncn-hpw-I≠v- a‰v- tX\o-®Iƒ- tX\n-cn-°p-∂

kv-YetØ°v- FXZq-cap-s≠∂pw- GXv- Zn-ibn-em-W-sX∂pw- a\

n-em-°p-∂p.- Ah hn-k¿-Pn-°p-∂ tX≥- kn-≤Hu-j[am-sW∂

Im-cyw- kp-hn-ZnXam-Wt√m.- tX\o-® Cu- Ign-hp-Isfm-∂pw-- Xs∂

kz-¥am-bn- hf¿-Øn-sbSp-ØX√.- AXn-s≥-d hfsc sNdn-b akv

Xn-jv-Iap-]tbm-Kn-®v- Nn-¥n-®v- Im-cy-ßƒ- I≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥- tX\o-

®Iƒ-°m-hp-Ibp-an-√.- ]n-s∂ Bcm-Whbv-°v- Cu- Ign-hp-Iƒ- \¬-

Ip-∂Xv?- DØcw- "tX\o-®sb krjv-Sn-®h≥-'- F∂p-am-Xam-Wv.-

hn-ip-≤Jp¿-B≥- ]d™sXX icn! "-\n-s≥-d \m-Y≥- tX\o-®Iƒ-

°v- C]Im-cw- t_m-[\w- \¬-Ip-Ibpw- sNbv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p-: aeIfn-

epw- acßfn-epw- a\p-jy≥- sIń-bp-b¿-Øp-∂Xn-epw- \o- ]m¿-∏n-

Sßfp-≠m-°n-s°m-≈p-I.- F√m-Øcw- êßfn¬-\n-∂pw- `£n-

®p-sIm-≈p-I.- F∂n-´v- \n-s‚ c£n-Xm-hv- ku-Icy-]Zam-bn- Hcp-

°n-Ø∂n-´p-≈ am¿-Kßfn¬- \o- ]thin-®p-sIm-≈p-I.- Ahbp-

sS DZc-ßfn¬-\n-∂v- hy-Xy-kv-X h¿-Wßfn-ep-≈ ]m-\o-bw- ]pd

Øp-hcp-∂p.- AXn-¬- a\p-jy¿-°v- tcm-Kia\ap-≠v.- Nn-¥n-°p-∂

Bfp-Iƒ-°v- AXn¬- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- Zrjv-Sm-¥ap-≠v'1.-

GXp- Po-hn-Isf FSp-Øm-epw- kv-Yn-Xn- CXp-Xs∂bm-Wv.-

1. Jp¿-B≥- 16: 68, 69

1. Jp¿-B≥- 24: 452. C∂sØ \n-c°n¬- ]Xn-\m-bn-cw- h¿-jtØ°v- `q-an-°v- ap-gp-h\m-hiy-am-b

sshZyp-Xn- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°m≥- Hcp- sk°≥-dv- t\cw- kq-cy-\n¬- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n- °s∏Sp-∂ Du¿-Pv-Pw-sIm≠v- km-[n-°pw.



Intem-ao-‰dm-Wv.- Xm-cm-kaq-ltIµsØ Hcp- ]m-hiyw- Np-‰m≥-

kq-cy-s\Sp-°p-∂ kabØn-∂m-Wv-˛25 tIm-Sn-h¿-jw-˛Hcp- tIm-kv-

an-Iv- h¿-j(cosmic year)sa∂v- ]dbp-∂Xv.-Cßs\ kq-cy-s\°p-

dn-®v- ]Tn-°p-w-tXm-dpw- k¿-∆iIv-Xs≥-d APøX \ap-°v- Iq-Sp-X¬-

Iq-Sp-X¬- a\ n-em-Ip-∂p.- Ah≥- I¬-]n-®p-sh® IW°p-Iƒ-

A\p-kcn-®m-Wv- kq-cy-Nµ∑m¿- Nen-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv.- ]kv-

Xp-X IW°p-Iƒ- Hcn-°epw- sX‰p-Ibn-√.- Jp¿-B≥- ]dbp-∂Xv-

t\m-°p-I: "kq-cy≥- AXn-∂v- kv-Yn-cam-bp-≈ Hcp- kv-Ym-\tØ°v-

k©cn-°p-∂p.- ]Xm-]n-bpw- k¿-h-Pv-R\p-am-b A√m-lp- IW°m-

°n-bXm-Wn-Xv'-1

"Ahs\X cm-Xn,- ]I¬,- kq-cy≥,- Nµ≥- F∂n-hsb krjv-

Sn-®Xv.- Hm-tcm-∂pw- Hm-tcm- àW ]YØn-eq-sS \o-¥n- (k©cn®p)

sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p'-.-2

-]]©Øn-s≥-d hn-kv-XrXn-bpw- AXn¬- \Ωp-sS kv-Ym-\hpadn

-bp-∂ a\p-jy≥- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- kjv-Sm-hn-\p- ap-ºn¬- \ain-ckv-

I-\m-bn-t∏m-Ipw.- ]]©Øn¬- Bbn-c°W°n-\v- ¢kv-‰dp-Iƒ;

Hmtcm- ¢kv-‰dn-epw- Bbn-c°W°n-\v- Km-eIv-kn-Iƒ;- Hm-tcm- Kme

Iv-kn-bn-epw- tIm-Sn-°W°n-\v- \£Xßƒ; ]ƒ-km-dp-Iƒ-; Izmkm-

dp-Iƒ-; s\_p-eIƒ-; Xtam-K¿-Øßƒ.- Km-eIv-kn-Ifn-sem-∂mb

£o-c]YØn-se Hcw-Kam-Wv- kq-cy≥.- hym-]v-Xn-bn¬- `q-an-bpsS

]Xn-aq-∂c e£w- Ccń-bm-Wv- kq-cy≥.- GItZiw- ]Xn-aq∂c

e£w- `q-an-Isf kq-cy-\p-≈n¬- ASp-°n-sh°m-sa∂¿-Y-w.- kqcy-

s≥-d e£°W°n-\v- Ccń- hep-∏ap-≈ \£Xßfpw- £oc]

YØn-ep-≠v.- Hcp- CSØcw- \£Xam-b kq-cy-\p-Np-‰pw- Np-‰n-Øncn-

bp-∂ HºXv- Klßƒ.-- kq-cy-s\bpw- Klßsfbpw- Iq-Sm-sX

D]Klßƒ-,- [q-atIXp-°ƒ,- £p-ZKlßƒ,- D¬-°Iƒ- XpS

ßn-bhbpw- ku-cbq-YØn-se Aw-Kßfm-Wv.- HºXv- Klßfn

sem-∂m-Wv- q-an.- q-an-bn-se Bbn-c°W°n-\v- Po-hPm-eßfn-sem

cp- h¿-K-am-Wv- \ch¿-K-w.- a\p-jy-h¿-K-Øn-se tIm-Sn-°W°n-\v-

Aw-Kßfn¬- Hm-tcm-cp-Øcm-Wv- \Ωsf√mw.- ¢kv-‰dp-Isfbpw- Kme

Iv-kn-Isfbpw- \£Xßsfbpw- kq-cy-s\bpw- Klßsfbpw- qan-

sbbpw- Po-hPm-eßsfbpw- a\p-jy-s\bpw- ]cn-]m-en-°p-∂ alm-

ssNX\y-Øn-\p- ap-∂n¬- \Ωtfm-tcm-cp-Øcp-sSbpw- Ign-hp-Ifpw-

iIv-Xn-bpw- FXam-Xw- \n- m-cam-sW∂ t_m-[w- Ahsb°pdn®v-

]Tn-°p-tºmƒ- \Ωfn-ep-≠m-Ip-∂p.- Cu- t_m-[w- a\p-jy-sc kjv

Smhn-\p- ap-∂n¬- \ain-ckv-Icm-°p-∂p.- hn-ip-≤Jp¿-B≥- ]d™

XsX icn.- "BIm-i q-an-Ifp-sS krjv-Sn-bn-epw- cm-∏Iep-Ifp-sS

am-‰Øn-epw- a\p-jy¿-°p-]Im-c]Zam-b hkv-Xp-°fp-am-bn- ISeneq-

sS k©cn-°p-∂ I∏en-epw- BIm-iØp- \n-∂v- A√m-lp- ag

sNm-cn-™p-X∂n-´v- \n¿-Po-hm-hkv-Ybv-°v- tijw- qan-°v- AXp- ap

tJ\ Po-h≥- \¬-InbXn-epw- Im‰p-Ifp-sS KXn-IaØn-epw- BIm-

i`q-an-Iƒ-°n-Sbn-eq-sS \n-b¥n-®v- \bn-°s∏Sp-∂ taLØn-epw-

Nn-¥n-°p-∂ P\ßƒ-°v- ]e Zrjv-Sm-¥ßfp-ap-≠v-; Xo¿-®'.--1

"B-Im-i-`q-an-I-fp-sS- B-[n-]-Xy-c-l-ky-sØ-∏-‰n-bpw- A-√m-lp-

kr-jv-Sn-®- G-sXm-cp- h-kv-Xp-sh-∏-‰n-bpw- A-h-cp-sS- A-h-[n- A-Sp

Øn-´p-≠m-bn-cn-°mw- F-∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰n-bpw- A-h¿- Nn-¥n-®p- t\m-°n-

bn-t√?-'-2

"D-]-cn-tem-Iß-fpw- q-an-bpw- ap-d-]-Im-cw- A-√m-lp- kr-jv-Sn-®ncn-

°p-∂p.- Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ-°v- A-Xn¬- Zr-j-v-Sm¥

ßfp≠v.-3

\-ap-°p- Np-‰p-ap-≈- h-kv-Xp-°-fn-te-°pw- \-Ωn-te-°p-X-s∂-bpw-

t\m-°n-s°m-≠v- k-jv-Sm-hn-s\-°p-dn-®p- a-\- n-em-°m-\m-Wv- Jp¿-

B≥- ]-Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.- A-‘-am-b- hn-izm-k-Øn-\v- A-Xv- t]-cn-∏n°p

-∂n-√.- C-kv-emw- a-\p-jy-_p-≤n-tbm-Sm-Wv- kw-km-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]-]

©-Øn-se- sN-dp-Xpw- h-ep-X-p-am-b- G-Xp- h-kv-Xp-hn-s\-bpw- Nqgv∂p-

\n¬-°p-∂- hn-kv-a-b-I-c-am-b- hy-h-kv-Y- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-®p- sIm-≠m

Wv- ]-]-©-\m-Y-s≥-d- A-kv-Xn-Xz°p-dn-®- A-h-t_m-[-Ønte-°v-

h-n-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- a-\p-jy-sc- \-bn-°p-∂-Xv.-

G-I-ssZ-hw-:-

]m-]-©n-I-]-Xn-`m-kßƒ- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-®p-sIm-≠v- k¿-h-i-

Iv-X-\m-b- k-jv-Sm-hn-s≥-d- A-kv-Xn-Xzw- kv-Ym-]n-°p-∂- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-

1. Jp¿-B≥- 36: 382. Jp¿-B≥- 21: 33

1. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 1642. Jp¿-B≥- 7: 1853. Jp¿-B≥- 29: 44



B≥- _-lp-ssZ-h-k¶-¬-]-Øn-s≥-d- \n-c¿-Y--I-X-bn-te-°p- hn-c¬-

Nq-≠p-∂-Xpw- ]-Ir-Xn-bn-se- Xm-f-I-a-ß-sf-°p-dn-®v- kq-Nn-∏n-®p-

sIm-≠m-Wv.- a-\p-jy-i-c-o-c-Øn-se- Hm-tcm- hy-h-kv-Y-bpw- ]-c-kv-]cw-

_-\v-[-s∏-´m-Wn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- hy-Xy-kv-X- P-¥p-Pm-e-ßƒ- X-Ωn-ep-

≈- _-\v-[w- kp-hn-Zn-X-am-W-t√m. sN-dp-Xpw- h-ep-Xp-am-b P-¥p-°ƒ-

]-c-kv-]-cw- B-i-bn-®m-Wv- P-o-hn-°p-∂-Xv.- P-¥p-°-fpw- k-ky-ßfpw-

kz-¥w- \n-e-\n¬-∏n-\p-th-≠n- ]-c-kv-]-cw- B-i-bn-°p-∂p.- P-¥p-

°-fn-s√-¶n¬- k-ky-ßƒ-t°m- k-ky-ß-fn-s√-¶n¬- P-¥p°ƒ-t°m-

\n-e-\n¬-°m≥- km-[n-°m-Ø- co-Xn-bn-em-Wv- q-an- kw-hn-[m-\n-°s∏-

ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- Hm-tcm- Po-hn-Iƒ-°pw- hy-Xy-kv-X- k-jv-Sm-°-fm-bn-

cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- A-h- X-Ωn-ep-≈- ]m-c-kv-]-cyw- \n-e-\n¬-°p-am-bn-

cp-∂n-√.- k-ky-ß-fpsS- k-jv-Sm-hpw- P-¥p-°-fpsS- k-jv-S-m-hpw- X-

ß-fn-Nv-On-°p-∂- co-Xn-bn¬- A-h-sb- \n-b-¥n-®ncp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- B-

c-≠p- hn-`m-K-hpw- \n-e-\n¬-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.- Cu- h-kv-Xp-X-bn-te-

°v- Jp¿-B≥- sh-fn-®w -ho-ip-∂-Xv- t\m-°p-I- "A√m-lp- bm-sXm-

cp- k-¥m-\-sØ-bpw- kzo-I-cn-®n-ń-√.- A-h-t\m-sSm-∏w- bm-sXm-cp-

ssZ-h-- hp-ap-≠m-bn- p-an-√.- A-ß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- Hm-tcm- ssZ-

h-hpw- Xm≥- kr-jv-Sn-®-Xp-am-bn- s]m-bv-°-f-bp-I-bpw- Ah-cn¬- Nn-

e¿- Nn-e-sc- A-Sn-®-a¿-Øp-I-bpw- sN-øp-am-bn-cp-∂p.- \n-ßƒ-]-d-™p-

≠m-°p-∂-Xn¬- \n-s∂-√mw- A-√m-lp- F-X- ]-cn-ip≤≥'!1

Cu- Xm-f-I-aw- ]m-]-©n-I-hy-h-kv-Ybn-ep-S-\o-fw- Im-W-s∏-Sp∂p-

sh-∂-Xm-Wv- h-kv-Xp-X.- ]-Zm¿-Y-Øn-s≥-d- G-‰-hpw- sN-dn-b- I-Wam-

b- B-‰-Øn-\-I-sØ- C-e-IvtS-m-Wp-I-fpw- t]mt´m-Wp-I-fpw- \yqtSm-

Wp-I-fpw- aotkm-Wp-I-fpw- t]m-kn-tSm-Wp-I-fp-sa-√mw- X-Ωn-ep-≈-

]m-c-kv-]-cyw- hn-kv-a-bm-h-l-am-Wv.- kv-Yq-e-]-]-©-Øn-s≥-d- Im-cy-

Øn-epw- kv-Yn-Xn- C-Xp-X-s∂.- ]m-]-©n-I- \n-b-a-ß-fp-sS- sF-Iy

cq]yw- A-h-sbsb-√mw- kr-jv-S-n-®-Xv- H-tc- k-jv-Sm-hv- X-s∂-bmsW-

∂- h-kv-Xp-X- hy-Iv-X-am-°p-∂p.- hy-Xy-kv-X- ssZ-h-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p-

]-]-©-Øn-se- hy-Xy-kv-X- ]-X-n- m-k-ßƒ-°p- ]n-∂n-se-¶n¬- Ah-

X-Ωn¬- Xm-f-s∏m-cp-Øw- D-≠m-hp-∂-sX-ß-s\-bm-Wvv? kv-Y-e-Ime-

ss\-c-¥-cy-Øn¬- Z-hy-ap-≠m-°p-∂- h-f-hp-I-fm-Wv- ]-]-©-Øn¬-

C-∂p- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂- ]-Xn-`m-k-ß-fp-sS-sb-√mw- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Im-c

W-sa-∂- sF≥-kv-‰-bn-s≥-d- B-t]-£n-I-Xm-kn-≤m-¥w Aw-Ko-Icn-

®m¬- h-y-Xy-kv-X- ]m-]-©n-Ih-kv-Xp-°-sf-sb-√mw- ]-kv-Xp-X- \nb-

a-Øn-\v- hn-t[b-\m-°n-b- G-I-\m-b- k-jv-Sm-hn-s≥-d- A-kv-Xn-Xzw-

A-w-Ko-I-cn-t°-≠n-h-cpw.- H-scm-‰- ]m-]-©n-I-h-kv-Xp- t]m-ep-w- ]kv-

Xp-X- \n-b-a-Øn-\-Xo-X-a-s√-∂m-W-t√m- sF≥-kv-‰bn≥- kn-≤m-¥n

®Xv.- hy-Xy-kv-X- B-Im-i-tKm-f-ßƒ-°v- h-y-Xy-kv-X- k-jv-Sm-°-

fm-bn-cp-∂p- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂-sX-¶n¬- A-h- X-Ωn¬- Iq- n-bn-Sn-®p- Ft∂m

\-in-®p-t]m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p.- ]-]-©-Øn-s≥-d- B-[n-]-Xy-Øn¬- H∂n-

te-sd- i-Iv-Xn-Iƒ-°v- ]-¶p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- A-h-cp-sS- Xm¬]-

cy-ßƒ- X-Ωn-ep-≈- kw-L- -\w-]-]-©-Øn-s≥-d-bm-sI- \m-i-Øn\v-

Im-c-W-am-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p.-- Cu- h-kv-Xp-X-bn-te-°v- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿B≥-

kq-N-\- \¬-Ip-∂-Xv- i-≤n-°p-I.- "B-Im-i- `q-an-I-fn¬- A-√m-lp-

h-√m-Ø- ssZ-h-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- A-Xv- c-≠pw- X-I-cm-dmIp-

am-bn-cp-∂p.- A-t∏mƒ- knw-lm-k-\-Øn-s≥-d- \m-Y-\m-b- A-√m-lp,-

A-h¿- ]-d-™p-≠m-°p-∂-Xn¬- \n-s∂-√mw- F-X- ]-cn-ip-≤-\m-

Ip∂p!'1

kq-£v-a-hpw- kv-Yq-e-hp-am-b- k-I-e-am-\- h-kv-Xp-°-fp-sS-bpw- k

jv-Sm-hpw- kw-c-£-I-\pw- \n-b-¥m-hpw- k¿-h-i-Iv-X-\pw- k¿-h-PvR-

\p-am-b-h-\m-Wv- A-√m-lp.- C-Xv- H-cp- Ip-e-ssZ-h-Øn-s≥d-tbm- tKmX-

ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d-tbm- t]-c-√.- F-√m- tZ-i-°m-cp-sS-bpw- m-j-°m-cpsS-

bpw- h¿-K-°m-cp-sS-bpw- b-Ym¿-Y-am-b- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- t]-cm-Wv A-

√mlp.- k-j-v-Sm-hpw- ]-]-©-I¿-Øm-hp-am-b- ssZ-h-Øn-\v- h-yXy-

kv-X- -m-j-I-fn¬- hy-Xy-kv-X- t]-cp-I-fp-]tbm-Kn-®-Xm-b-n- Im-Wm≥-

I-gn-bpw.- kw-kv-Ir-X-Øn¬- "]-c-_-lv-aw'- F-∂pw- "]-c-am-Xv-am-hv'-

F-∂p-am-Wv- k¿-h-i-Iv-X-\pw- k¿-h-tem-I- kjv-Sm-hp-am-b- ssZ-h-

Øn-\v- ]-d-bp-∂- t]-sc-∂v- D-]-\n-j-Øp-I-fn-sehn-h-c-W-ßƒ- hmbn-

®m¬- t_m-[y-am-hpw.- ]-g-b-\n-b-a- ss_-_-n-fn¬- ]e- t]-cp-I-fnepw-

k-jv-Sm-hm-b- ssZ-hw- A- n-kw-t_-m-[-\- sN-ø-s∏- -Xm-bn- Im-Wm≥-

I-gn-bpw.- G¬,- F-tem-lnw,- G¬-i-±m-bn,- G¬- G-teym≥,- A-tUm-

Wm-bn,- bm-lv,- b-tlmh- Xp-S-ßn-b- \m-a-ß-sf-√mw- k¿-h-i-Iv-X\m-

b- ssZ-h-Øn-\v- \¬-I-s∏- n- p-≠v.- tb-ip-hn-s≥-d- D-]-tZ-i-ß-sfm∂pw-

A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- m-j-bm-b- A-c-am-b- m-j-bn¬- F-gp-X-s∏-Sm-Ø-

1. Jp¿-B≥- 23: 91 1. Jp¿-B≥- 21: 22



Xn-\m¬- A-t±-lw- F-ß-s\-bm-Wv- ssZ-h-sØ- kw-t_m-[-\- sNbv-

X-sX-∂v- a-\- n-em-°m≥- \n¿-hm-l-an-√.- F-¶n-epw "F-tem-ln'-

F∂m-bn-cn-°pw- A-t±-lw- ssZ-h-sØ- kw-t_m-[-\-sN-bv-X-sX-∂m

Wv- ss_-_nƒ- ]-fin-X-∑m-cp-sS- A- n-]m-bw.- k¿-h-i-Iv-X-\pw- k¿-

h-tem-I- k-jv-Sm-hp-am-b- ssZ-h-sØ- hn-fn-°p-hm≥- Jp¿-B≥- D-]

tbm-Kn-®- ]-Zw- "A-√m-lp'- F-∂-m-Wv.- "k-I-ehn-[- B-cm-[-\-I-fpw-

b-Ym¿-Y-Ø-n¬- A¿-ln-°p-∂-h≥'- F-∂m-Wv- "A-√m-lp-'-hns≥-d-

[mXzm¿-Y-sa-∂m-Wv- m-jm-]-fin-X-∑m-cp-sS- ]-£w.- "A-√m-lpsh-

∂- ]-Z-Øn-\v- Xp-ey-am-bn- a-‰p- m-j-I-fn-sem-∂pw- X-s∂- H-‰-hm-°p-

I-fn-s√-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-h-cp-ap-≠v.- A-sX-¥m-bn-cp-∂m-epw- "bYm¿-Y-

Øn-ep-≈- ssZ-hw'- F-∂- A¿-Y-Øn--em-Wv.- G-sX-¶n-epw- ]-tXyI-

hn-`m-K-Øn-s≥-d- ssZ-h-sa-∂- A¿Y-Ø-n-e-√- Jp¿-B≥- "A-√m-lp'-

sh-∂v- ]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-sX-∂p-d-∏m-Wv.-

A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- k-Ø-:-

]-]-©w- kr-jv-Sn-°-s∏-ń-´p-≈-Xv- ]Zm¿-Y-ßƒ- sIm-≠m-Wv.- ]-

Zm¿-Y-Øn-s≥-d- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- kz-`m-h-am-Wv- A-Xn-s≥-d- _-lpXzw-

(multiplicty). G-I-sa-∂v- F-√m- A¿-Y-Øn-epw- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°m≥-

]-‰n-b- bm-sXm-∂pw- X-s∂- ]-Zm¿-Y-tem-I-Øn-√.- ]-Zm¿-Y-w- ]-S°s∏-

´- au-en-I-I-W-ß-sf- A-t\z-jn-®v- sN-∂- A-Wp-ù-Xn-Iw- C-s∂-

Øn-t®¿-∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xv- au-en-I-I-W-sa-∂v- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°m≥- ]-‰p-

∂- bm-sXm∂pw- X-s∂-bn-s√-∂ h-kv-Xp-X-bn-em-Wv.- aq-e-I-ßƒ-

hy-Xy-kv-X- A-\p-]m-X-Øn¬- Iq-Sn-t®¿-∂mWv-- hy-Xy-k-v-X- h-kv-Xp-

°-fp-≠m-hp-∂-Xv.- B-‰-ßƒ- Iq-Sn-t®¿-∂mWv- X-∑m-X-I-fp-≠m-hp-

∂-Xv.- C-e-Iv-tSm¨,- t]m-t´m¨,- \yqtSm¨,- ao-tkm¨,- t]m-kn-

tSm¨- Xp-S-ßn-b- I-W-ß-fm-Wv- B-‰-Øn-ep-≈-Xv.- C-h- au-e-n-I-

I-W-ßfm-sW-∂m-bn-cp-∂p- hn-iz-kn-°-s∏- n-cp-∂-Xv.- F-∂m¬,- Ch-

bpw- Iz-m¿-°p-Iƒ- sIm-≠p- \n¿a-n-°-s∏- -Xm-sW-∂pw- I-zm¿-°pIƒ-

°v- kz-X-¥-am-bn- \n-e\n¬-°m-\m-hn-s√-∂p-am-Wv- ]p-Xn-b- Nne-

Kth-j-W-ß-ƒ- Im-Wn-°p-∂-Xv.- au-e-n-I-I-W-sa-∂v- hn-fn-°m-hp-∂-

bm-sXm-∂pw- ]-Zm¿-Y-tem-I-Øn-en-s√-∂m-W-t√m- C-Xn¬- \n-∂v- a-

\- n-em-Ip-∂-Xv.- A-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv- B-[p-\n-I- -ù-Xn-I-Pv-R-cn¬-

Nn-e¿- _-lp-Xzw- ]-Zm¿-Y-Øn-s≥-d- au-en-I-kz-`m-h-am-sW-∂- \nK-

a-\-Øn-se-Øn-t®¿-∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.-

]-Zm¿-Y-sØ-bpw- ]-]-©-sØ-bpw- kr-jv-Sn-®- A-√m-lpam-Xam-

Wv- F-√m- A¿-Y-Øn-epw- G-I-\m-bn- p-≈-h≥.- A-h≥- ]-Zm¿-∞mXo-

X-\m-bXn-\m¬- X-s∂- ]-Zm¿-Y-Øn-s≥--d au-en-Ikz- m-h-am-b- "_lp-

Xzw'- A-h-s≥-d- k-Øbn¬- C-√-X-s∂.- A-h≥- G-I-\m-Wv.- C-°m-

cyw- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- A¿-Y-i-¶-°n-S-bn-√m-Ø- hn-[w- hyIv-Xam-

°p-∂p-≠v.- "]-d-bp-I:- Im-cyw- A-√m-lp- G-I-\m-Wv- F-∂-Xm-Ip∂p.-

A-√m-lp- G-h¿-°pw- B-i-b-am-bn-´p-≈-h-\m-Ip-∂p.- Ah≥- P-∑w-

\¬-In-bn- n-√-;- P-\n-®n- p-an-√.- A-h-∂v- Xp-ey-\m-bn- B-cpw-Xs∂- C√-

Xm-\pw'.-1

a-\p-jy-s≥-d- I-gn-h-p-Iƒ-°v- ]-cn-an-Xn-bp-≠v.- ]-t©-µn-b-ß-fneq-

sSbm-Wv- \mw- A-dn-hv- k-ºm-Zn-°p-∂-Xv.- Cu- C-µn-b-Pv-Rm-\ap-]

tbm-Kn-®m-Wv- \-Ωp-sS- a-kv-Xn-jv-Iw- Im-cy-ßƒ- I-s≠-Øp-∂-Xv.-

C-µn-b-ßƒ-°v- ]-cn-an-Xn-I-fp-s≠-∂v- C-s∂-√m-h-cpw- k-Ω-Xn-°p∂p.-

380 ap-X¬- 780 h-sc- an-√n-ssa-tIm - X-cw-K-ssZ¿-Ly-ap-≈- ]Im-

iw- am-X-sa- a-\p-jy-Zr-jv-Sn-°v- tKm-N-c-am-hp-I-bp-≈q.- Cu- ]-cn[n°-

∏p-d-hpw- C-∏pd-hp-ap-≈- Aƒ-Sm-h-b-e-‰v- c-iv-an-I-sftbm- C≥-^msd-

Uv- c-iv-an-I-sf-tbm- F-Iv-kv- c-iv-an-I-sf-tbm- tIm-kv-an-Iv- In-c-W-ß-

sf-tbm- Im-Wm≥- \-Ωp-sS- I-Æp-Iƒ-°v- I-gn-hn-√.- C-cp-]-Xv- apX¬-

C-cp-]-Xn-\m-bn-cw- h-sc- B-h-r-Øn-bp-≈- i-_v-Z-am-Wv- \-ap-°v- tIƒ-

°m≥- I-gn-bp-∂-Xv.- Aƒ-Smku≠v hoNnIƒ \ΩpsS ImXpIfn¬

]Iº\w krjvSn°p∂n√. kzmZns≥dbpw K‘Øns≥dbpw

AhkvYbpw CXpXs∂. Cµnbßƒ°v ]cnanXnIfps≠¶n¬

akvXnjvIØn\pw ]cnanXnIfpbncn°Ww. F¥mWv akvXnjv

IØns≥d ]cnanXn? ]Zm¿Y-temIsØ°pdn®v Nn¥n°phm≥

amXsa a\pjyakvXnjvIØn\v IgnbpIbp≈q. ]Zm¿Y-mXoX

amb bmsXm∂ns\°pdn®pw Nn¥n°phmt\m km¶¬]nINn

Xßfp≠m°phmt\m a\pjy_p≤n°p Ignbn√.

kjvSmhmb A√mlp ]Zm¿Y-mXoX\msW∂p ]d™ph

t√m. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ ssZhnIkØsb°pdn®v kz¥amb

\nKa\ßfnseØm≥ a\pjy_p≤n°v km[ya√. AXv Ah

s≥d hnhcWßƒ°v AXoXamWv. kvYeIme_\v[\Ønep

≈ a\pjyakvXnjvIØn\v kvYeØn\pw ImeØn\pw AXoX

1. Jp¿-B≥- 112: 1-˛4



\mb A√mlphns\°pdn® km-¶¬-]n-I NnXßfp≠m°phm≥

IgnbpIbn√. "Ahs\ ZrjvSnIƒ Is≠ØpIbn√. Ah\mIs´

ZrjvSnIsf Is≠ØpIbpw sNøp∂p'1 sh∂ Jp¿B\nI

hN\w, ]Zm¿Y-mXoX\mb A√mlphns\ Is≠Øm≥ ùXn

Iamb ]co£W \nco£Wßƒ°p km[n°pIbns√∂mWv

hyIvXam°p∂Xv.

]]© krjvSn Ign™v GgmwZnhksØ kpJkºq¿Wam

b hniaØn\ptijw ssZhw XpS¿®bmbn hnian®psIm≠ncn

°pIbmsW∂v Jp¿B≥ ]Tn∏n°p∂n√. ]]©Øns¬ Hmtcm

Ne\Øn\p ]n∂n-epw A√mlphns≥d A]mcamb iIvXnhnti

japs≠∂mWv Jp¿B\pw \_nhN\ßfpw hyIvXam°p∂Xv.

"Ahs≥d knwlmk\w BImi`qanIsf Dƒs°m≠ncn°p∂p.

AhbpsS kwc£Ww Ah\v mchmhn√. Ah≥ AXyp∂X\pw

alXztadnbh\pamIp∂p'.2

ssZhsØ tIhesamcp iIvXnbmbn AhXcn∏n°p∂hcp

≠v. AXv icnb√. Ckvemw ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv A√mlp F√mhn[

iIvXnIfpsSbpw DSakvY\msW∂mWv. Ah≥ Hcn°epw acn

°mØ Poh\p≈h\mWv. Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂p-: "Hcn°epw acn

°mØ Pohn®ncn°p∂hs\ `cta¬]-n°pI. Ahs\ kvXpXn

°p∂tXmsSm∏w ]Io¿Øn°pIbpw sNøpI'.3

"Ah≥ F√m ImcyØn\pw Ignhp≈h\mWv'.4

kjvSmhpw krjvSnIfpw

Cu ]]©w anYybmsW∂ am-bm-hmZw Ckvemanen√. ]]

©w bmYm¿Y-yw Xs∂bmWv. ]s£, AXv krjvSnbmWv. AXn

∂v Bcw`hpw Ahkm\hpap≠v. \nco£Is≥d a\ nep≠mIp

∂ anYym[mcW amXamWv ]]©sa∂ ho£Wa\pkcn®v

AXns∂mcp kjvSmhns≥d Bhiyw Xs∂bn√. F∂m¬ hnip

≤ Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂Xv ]]©Øns\mcp kjvSmhps≠∂pw

AXnep≈sX√mw Ahs≥d ]cnip≤nsb ]Io¿Ø\w sNøpI

bmsW∂pamWv. "BImißfnepw `qanbnepap≈sX√mw Ah

s≥d ]cnip≤nsb ]Io¿Ø\w sNøp∂p'.1

]]©w anYybmsW∂ ho£WØns≥d c≠mw ]Xn∏mW

t√m ]IrXnbpw ]S®Xºpcm\pw H∂pXs∂bmsW∂ [mcW.

Cu hmZØn¬ bmsXmcp Igºpans√∂mWv Ckvemw ]Tn∏n

°p∂Xv. kjvSmhmb A√mlphns≥d kØ Ahs≥d krjvSn

Ifn¬ \n∂v thdn´p \n¬°p∂p. krjvSnbn¬ ebn®v hnapIvX\m

hm≥ IgnbmsX k¿h-Ø-nepw hym]n®p InS°p∂ Hcp tIhei

IvXnb√ hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ ]Tn∏n°p∂ A√mlp. Ah≥ ]Ir

XymXo\mWv. Ahs≥d kØ ]IrXnbn¬ \n∂v thdn v \n¬°p

∂p. ]t£, Ahs≥d Adnhpw Ignhpw kIeXns\bpw Nqgv∂v

\n¬°p∂p. AWphn\p≈nse kv]µ\hpw XmcmkaqlßfpsS

Ne\ßfpsam∂pw Xs∂ Ahs≥d Adnhns≥d ]cn[n°p ]pd

Ø√. kvYeIme]cnanXnIƒ°v AXoX\mb A√mlp ]Zm¿

Y-mXoX\mbns°m≠pXs∂ Ahs≥d iIvXn kvYqehpw

kq£vahpamb ]]©sØ apgph≥ Nqgv∂p \n¬°p∂p. Jp¿B

≥ ]dbp∂p: "BImißfnepw `qanbnepap≈sX√mw Ahs≥d

]cnip≤nsb ]Io¿Ø\w sNøp∂p. Ah≥ ]Xm]imenbpw

AKm[PvR\pasX. BImißfnsebpw qanbnsebpw ]cam[n

]Xyw Ah\p≈XmWv. Ah≥ Pohn∏n°pIbpw acn∏n°pIbpw

sNøp∂p. Ah≥ F√m‰n\pw Ignhp≈h\mWv. Ah\mWv BZna

≥. Ah\mWv A¥na≥. ]Xy£\pw ]tcm£\pambh\pw Ah

≥ Xs∂. Ah≥ F√m Imcyßfpw ]q¿W-ambn Adnbp∂h

\mWv'.2

Cu ]]©Ønep≈sX√mw A√mlphns≥d krjvSnIfmWv.

kjvSmhpw krjvSnbpw H∂√. kjvSmhn¬ \n∂v Xo¿Øpw

A\yamWv krjvSn. NnXImc\pw NnXhpw t]msebmWXv. NnX

Imc≥ NnXa√, NnXw NnXImc\pa√. Ah c≠pw F√m A¿

Y-Ønepw `n∂amWv. hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ krjvSnIsf°pdn®v

]Xn]mZn°p∂Xn\nSbn¬ "ssZthXcw' (ssKdp√mln) F∂v

]Xn]mZn°p∂Xmbn ImWm≥ Ignbpw. CXn¬ \n∂v krjvSn1. Jp¿-B≥- 6: 1032. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 2553. Jp¿-B≥- 25: 584. Jp¿-B≥- 22: 6

1. Jp¿-B≥- 57: 12. Jp¿-B≥- 57: 1˛7



\ap°p Np‰pap≈ Poh\p≈Xpw C√mØXpamb hkvXp°sf

√mw A√mlphns≥d iIvXnbpsS ]ISamb ZrjvSm¥ßfmWv.

ip≤ iq\yXbn¬ \n∂p≈ ]]©Øns≥d krjvSn Xs∂

Ah≥ k¿h-iIvX\msW∂v hyIvXam°p∂p. Cu ]]©w

apgph≥ hym]n®p InS°p∂ A√mlphns≥d Ignhn∂XoXambn

bmsXm∂pan√. Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂Xp i≤n°pI. "A√mlp

Xs∂bmWv kXykzcq]≥. Ah≥ acn®hsc Pohn∏n°pw.

Ah≥ GXp ImcyØnepw Ignhp≈h\mWv'.1

"B[n]Xyw GsXmcphs≥d ssIbnemtWm Ah≥ A\pK

l]q¿W-\mbncn°p∂p. Ah≥ GXp ImcyØn\pw Ignhp≈h

\mIp∂p'2.

A[nImcØns≥dbpw kzm[o\Øns≥dbpw ]oTßfnencn°p

∂h¿ ]et∏mgpw XßfpsS IgnhpIƒ sIm≠v amXamWv Ch

t\SnsbSpØsX∂v Al¶cn°mdp≠v. F∂m¬ bmYm¿Y-ysa

¥mWv? Hu∂XyØns≥d ]mcayØn¬ \n∂v Zpc¥]q¿Æamb

A[x]X\Ønte°v B]Xn®hsc°pdn®v \ap°dnbmw. h´

∏qPyØn¬ \n∂v temItPXm°fmbn Db¿∂hsc°pdn®pw \mw

a\ nem°nbn´p≠v. ]Xm]Øns≥d bYm¿Y-Ønep≈

DSakvYmhImiw A√mlphn\p amXamWv. Ah\mWv

a\pjys\ ]Xm]nbpw ]XnX\pam°p∂Xv. Jp¿B≥ ]Tn∏n

°p∂Xv t\m°pI. "]dbpI, B[n]XyØns≥d DSakvY\mb

A√mlpth, \o Dt±in°p∂h¿°v \o B[n]Xyw \¬Ip∂p.

\o Dt±in°p∂hcn¬ \n∂v \o B[n]Xyw FSpØp \o°pIbpw

sNøp∂p. \o Dt±in°p∂h¿°v \o ]Xm]w \¬Ip∂p. \o

Dt±in°p∂h¿°v \o \nµyX hcpØpIbp sNøp∂p. \ns≥d

ssIhiasX \∑bp≈Xv. \ivNbambpw \o F√m ImcyØn\pw

Ignhp≈h\mIp∂p.'3

A√mlp F√m Imcyßfpw Adnbp∂h\mWv. Ah∂v- Adn

™pIqSmØ Hcp AhkvY D≠mbnń√. Ahs\ kw_\v[\n

®nStØmfw clkyhpw ]ckyhpan√. ]Xy£hpw ]tcm£

Iƒ ssZhØn¬ \n∂v `n∂amb AkvXnXzap≈hbmsW∂v

a\ nem°mw. a\pjymXvamhS°ap≈ kIe krjvSnIfpw

A√mlphns≥d kØbn¬ \n∂p `n∂amsW∂mWv Jp¿B

\nse ]cma¿ißfn¬ \n∂v a\ nem°m≥ IgnbpI.

A√mlphns≥d KpWßƒ

ssZhw \n¿KpW\msW∂ ho£Whpw Jp¿B\nIm[ym

]\ßƒ°v hncp≤amWv. Jp¿B≥ ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂ A√mlp

kKpWkºq¿W-\mWv. ]t£, A√mlphns≥-d KpWßƒ

am\pjnIKpWßfpambn XmcXayw sNømhX√. a\pjy≥

krjvSnbmbXp sIm≠pXs∂ Ahs≥d KpWßƒ ]cnanX

ßfpw kv-YeIme _\v[\Øn\[o\hpamWvv. CXn¬ \n∂p

hyXykvXambn kvYeImeßsf krjvSn® A√mlphns≥d

KpWßƒ ]cnanXnIƒ°XoXamWv. "Ah\p Xpeyambn bmsXm

∂pan√' F∂ Jp¿B\nI ]cma¿iw kjvSmhns≥d kØsb

°pdn®p amXa√; KpWßsf°pdn®p IqSnbp≈XmWv. A√mlp

hns≥d KpWßƒ°p Xpeyamb KpWßƒ krjvSnIƒ°p

≠mhpIbn√; Xo¿®!

]]©sØ ip≤iq\yXbn¬ \n∂p krjvSn®h\mWv A√m

lp. iq\yXbn¬ \n∂v H∂pw krjvSn°phm≥ krjvSnIƒ°v

km[ya√. "krjvSn' ssZhnIamb Hcp KpWamWv. \ap°v hkvXp

°sf \n¿a-n°phmt\ km[n°pbp≈q. ]]©Øn¬ A√mlp

krjvSn®psh® hkvXp°sf am‰ßƒ°p hnt[bam°phm≥

amXsa a\pjy\v Ignbq. tai \n¿a-n°phm≥ Bimcn°v

km[n°pw. tai krjvSn°phm≥ A√mlphnt\ IgnbpIbp≈q.

iq\yXbn¬ \n∂p≈ krjvSnbmWnhnsS hnh£. HmIvknP≥

hmXIhpw sslUP≥ hmXIhpw Iqńt®¿Øv Pew \n¿a-n

°m≥ ckX¥PvR\v km[n°pw. ]t£,- Pew krjvSn°p∂Xv

ssZhw Xºpcm≥ amXamWv. CXpXs∂bmWv F√m hkvXp°

fpsSbpw AhkvY. A√mlp Jp¿B\neqsS shfns∏SpØp∂

XsX icn! "Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlphn\p ]pdsa \nßƒ hnfn®p

]m¿Yn°p∂h¿ Hcp Cu®sbt∏mepw krjvSn°pIbn√'.1

1. Jp¿-B≥- 22: 73

1. Jp¿-B≥- 22: 62. Jp¿-B≥- 67: 13. Jp¿-B≥- 3: 26



hpan√. k¿h-PvR\mWv A√mlp. qXw, mhn, h¿Øam\w XpS

ßnb ImeØns≥d aq∂hkvYIƒ

kvYe˛Ime _\v[Ønep≈ Cu temIØnep≈XmWv.

kvYeØn\pw ImeØn\pw AXoX\mb A√mlphns\ kw_

\v[n®nStØmfw aq∂p Imeßfn√. XnImePvRm\nbmWv

A√mlp. ktNX\hpw AtNX\hpamb kIeam\ hkvXp

°fpsSbpw kjvSmhmb A√mlp AhbpsS clkyßfpw \nKq-

VXIfpw hyIvXambn Adnbp∂h\mWv. C°mcyw hnip≤

Jp¿B≥ hyXykvXßfmb kqIvXßfneqsS hyIvXam

°p∂p≠v.

"Ahs≥d ]°emIp∂p AZriyImcyØns≥d Xmt°mepI

ƒ. Ah\√msX Ah AdnbpIbn√. Icbnepw ISenepap≈Xv

Ah≥ Adnbp∂p. Ah\dnbmsX Hcp Cet]mepw hogp∂n√.

`qanbnse Ccp´pIƒ°p≈nencn°p∂ Hcp [m\yaWnbmIs´,

]®tbm DWßnbtXm Bb GsXmcp hkvXphmIs´ hyIvX

amb tcJbn¬ FgpXs∏´Xmbn´√msX D≠mhn√.''1

"ZriysØbpw AZriysØbpw Adnbp∂h\pw alm\pw

D∂X\pamIp∂p Ah≥. \nßfpsS Iq´Øn¬ \n∂v clky

ambn kwkmcn®h\pw ]ckyambn kwkmcn®h\pw cmXnbn¬

Hfn™ncn°p∂h\pw ]I¬ ]pdØndßn \S°p∂h\psa√mw

(Ahs\ kw_\v[n®nStØmfw) kaamIp∂p.-'2

"\nßfpsS hm°v \nßƒ clkyam°pI. As√¶n¬ ]cky

am°ns°m≈pI. Xo¿®bmbpw Ah≥ lrZbßfnep≈Xv Adn

bp∂h\mIp∂p. krjvSn®p≠m°nbh≥ AdnbpIbnt√? Ah≥

\nKqV clkyßƒ Adnbp∂h\pw kq£vaPvRm\nbpam

Ip∂p'.3

\aps°√mw Poh≥ \¬Inbh\mWv A√mlp. PohnXØn

s≥d D¤hw Ah\n¬ \n∂mWv. krjvSnIfpsSsb√mw Pohn

XØn\v ]cn[nbp≠v. Ah¿ PohnXamcw`n®Xv Hcp ]tXyI

XobXnbnemWv. Hcp Znhkw Ah¿ acn°pw. Dd°hpw ab°hpw

t_m[£bhpsa√mw AhcpsS PohnXØnep≠mhpw. PohnX

sa∂ KpWw ]q¿W-cq]Øn¬ \ne\n¬°p∂Xv A√mlphnem

Wv. Ahs≥d PohnXØn\v XpS°an√. HSp°hpan√. Ah≥

A\izc\mWv. Ah\v \nZtbm tamlmekytam _m[n°pI

bn√. Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂p. "A√mlp˛Ah\√msX Bcm[y\n√.

Fs∂∂pw Pohn®ncn°p∂h≥. F√mw \nb¥n°p∂h≥. ab

°tam Dd°tam Ahs\ _m[n°pIbn√'1.

a\pjys≥dbpw a‰p PohnIfpsSbpw tIƒhn°pw ImgvN°p

sa√mw ]cn[nIfps≠∂v ]d™pht√m. ImgvNbpsSbpw tIƒhn

bpsSbpw ZmXmhmb A√mlphns\ kw_\v[n®nStØmfw Cu

]cn[nIƒ°v ]kvXnbn√. Ahs≥d ImgvNbpw tIƒhnbpw kvY

eØn\pw ImeØn\pw AXoXambncn°psa∂v IqSn a\ nem°p

tºmtg AhsbXamXw kq£vahpw sX‰p ]‰mØXpambncn°p

sa∂v t_m[yamIq. \n¿KpW\mWv ssZhsa∂v ]dbp∂h¿ ]e

t∏mgpw ssZhsØ A‘\pw _[nc\pam°mdp≠v. F∂m¬,

Jp¿B≥ ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂ A√mlp ]cn[nIfn√msX

tIƒ°p∂h\pw ImWp∂h\pw BWv. "Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlp

F√mw tIƒ°p∂h\pw ImWp∂h\pamWvv.'2

]caImcpWnI≥; IcpWm\n[n

a\pjyscbpw a‰p PohPmeßsfbpw krjvSn®v ]cn]men°p

∂ GIssZhw ]caImcpWnI\pw IcpWm\n[nbpamsW∂mWv

Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂Xv. A√mlphns≥d hninjvS\maßfn¬ G‰

hpa[nIw Bh¿Øn°s∏ń´p≈Xv "A¿dlvam≥' (]caImcpWn

I≥) F∂ \maasX. hnip≤ Jp¿B\n¬ 169 ]mhiyw Cu

ssZhnI \maw Bh¿Øn°s∏ń´p≠v. Xs≥d krjvSnItfmSv

A]mcamb ImcpWyw ImWn°p∂h≥ F∂mWv "A¿dlvam

≥'sIm≠v hnh£n°s∏Sp∂Xv. hnip≤Jp¿B\nse Hmtcm

A[ymbhpamcw`n°p∂Xv "_nkvan√mln¿dlvam\n¿dlow' F∂

]mcw`hmNIw sIm≠mWv. Fs¥mcp kZvhrØn sNøm≥ XpS

ßptºmgpw Cu ]mcw`hmNIw sNm√m≥ apkvenw I¬]-n°s∏

ńcn°p∂p. "]caImcpWnI\pw IcpWm\n[nbpamb A√mlp1. Jp¿-B≥- 6: 592. Jp¿-B≥- 13: 9, 103. Jp¿-B≥- 6: 13, 14

1. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 252. Jp¿-B≥- 58: 1



°pIbpw sNøp∂ a\pjycpsS ]m]ßsf√mw s]mdpØp sImSp

°phm≥ ]caImcpWnI≥ k∂≤\mWv. AXn\v ip]m¿ibp

sStbm am[-ykvYØns≥dtbm Bhiyan√. ]m]nbmb Hcmƒ

]ivNmØ]n®v Xncn-®phcptºmƒ A√mlphn\p≠mIp∂

kt¥mjm[nIyw FXamXamsW∂v ]hmNI≥(k) Hcp D]a

bneqsS hyIvXam°p∂Xv t\m°pI: "acp`qanbnse acØWen¬

hnian°p∂ Hcmƒ Ddßnt∏mIp∂p. DW¿∂pt\m°nbt∏mƒ

Xs≥d £W]m\obßfpw a‰p hkvXp°fpsa√mw hln°p∂

HÍsØ ImWp∂n√. HÍsØ Xnc™v Zmlhnhi\mbn

A‰an√mØ acp`qanbn¬ IÆpw\ńcn°ptºmƒ AbmfpsS

apºn¬ Xs≥d ImWmsX t]mb HÍw ]Xy£s∏Sp∂p.

At∏mƒ Abmƒ°p≠mhp∂ kt¥mjw FXbmbncn°pw?

AXns≥d FXtbm aSßmWv ]m]nbmb Zmk≥ ]ivNmX]n

°ptºmƒ A√mlphn∂p≠mhp∂ kt¥mjw'.

A√mlphns≥d Zbbpw ImcpWyhpw kqNn∏n°p∂ Hcp]mSv

hntijWßƒ Jp¿B\nep≠v. Ahbn¬ ][m\s∏´hbmWv

"A¿dlvam≥', "A¿dlow' F∂nh. "kemw' (im¥n\¬Ip∂h

≥), "K^v^m¿' (A[nIw am∏p\¬Ip∂h≥), "eØo^v' (Zbm

]pc cw ]h¿Øn°p∂h≥), "Icow' (AXypZmc≥), "X∆m_v'

(]ivNmØm]w kzoIcn°p∂h≥), "hZqZv' (Zmk∑mtcmSv hfsc

Zbbp≈h≥) XpSßnb Jp¿B\n¬ ]tbmKn°s∏ńcn°p∂

ssZh\maßƒ A√mlphns≥d A‰an√mØ IcpWsbbpw

kvt\lsØbpw Zbsbbpsa√mw tZymXn∏n°p∂p.

\oXnam≥

kzX¥amb ssIImcyI¿X-rXzØn\v km[n°p∂

GIPohnbmWv a\pjy≥. Nn¥n®v ImcyßfpsS \nPkvYnXn

a\ nem°n ]h¿Øn°phm≥ Ignbp∂h\mWh≥. \∑ sNbv

Xv D¬IrjvS\mhm\pw Xn∑sNbvXv \nIrjvS\mIphm\pw a\pjy

\v km[n°pw. \∑bpsS am¿K-w sXcs™SpØv DØaa\pjycm

bn Pohn°Wsa∂XmWv ssZhnIimk\. F¶n¬ amXta a\p

jykaqlw \ne\n¬°pIbp≈q. [m¿a-nI\nbaßƒ A\pkcn

°s∏Sp∂ Hcp kaqlØn¬ amXta kt¥mjhpw kam[m\

hpw \ne\n¬°p. At∏mƒ, [m¿a-nI \nbaßƒ A\pkcnt°

hns≥d Xncp\maØn¬' F∂mWv Cu hmNIØns≥-d A¿Y-w.

Hcp apkvenw Xs≥d PohnXØn¬ G‰hpa[nIw Bh¿Øn°p∂

ssZhnI\maßƒ "A¿dlvam≥', "A¿dlow' F∂nhbmbncn

°pw.

k¿h-temIkjvSmhmb A√mlp ImcpWysØ Xs≥d taep

≈ Hcp _m[yXbmbn \nivNbn®ncn°p∂psh∂mWv Jp¿B≥

]dbp∂Xv. "\nßfpsS c£nXmhv ImcpWysØ Xs≥d ta¬

(_m[yXbmbn) \nivNbn®ncn°p∂p. AXmbXv \nßfnemsc

¶nepw AhnthIØm¬ h√ Xn∑bpw sNbvXpt]mhpIbpw F∂n

´v AXn\ptijw ]ivNmX]n°pIbpw \ne]mSv \∂m°nØo¿

°pIbpw sNøp∂]£w Ah≥ Gsd s]mdp°p∂h\pw

IcpWm\n[nbpasX.-'1

]m]w sNbvXhtcmSv ssZhØn\v ASßmØ tIm]hpw HSp

ßmØ ]Ibpw shdp∏pamsW∂pw AXpsIm≠pXs∂ ]m]nI

ƒ°v ssZhØnte°v ]n∂oSv ASp°phm≥ km[yas√∂pap≈

ho£WsØ hnip≤Jp¿B≥ hna¿in°p∂p. FX Xs∂

]m]w sNbvXbmfmsW¶nepw Ah≥ BXvam¿Y-ambn ]ivNm

Ø]n®p aSßpIbpw t\¿am¿K-w kzoIcn°pIbpw sNbvXm¬

]caImcpWnI≥ Ahs≥d ap≥Ime]m]ßsf√mw s]mdpØp

sImSp°psa∂mWv Jp¿B≥ ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. "]dbpI: kz¥w

BXvam°tfmSv AXnIaw ]h¿Øn®pt]mb Fs≥d Zmk∑m

tc, A√mlphns≥d ImcpWysØ∏‰n \nßƒ \ncmis∏ScptX.

\nivNbambpw A√mlp F√m ]m]ßfpw s]mdpØpsImSp

°p∂p. Xo¿®bmbpw Ah\sX s]mdpØp sImSp°p∂h\pw

IcpWm\n[nbpw. \nßfpsS c£nXmhnte°v ]ivNmX]n®v aS

ßpIbpw Ah∂mbn A¿∏Ww \SØpIbpw sNøphn≥;

\nßƒ°v in£ hcp∂Xn\p apºv. ]ns∂ \nßƒ klmbn

°s∏SpIbn√.'2

A√mlp ]ivNmØ]n°p∂hsc CjvSs∏Sp∂p. Ip‰t_m[

tØmSpIqSn ]ivNmØ]n°pIbpw-BXvam¿Y-ambn £ambmN\

\SØpIbpw sX‰pIfnte°v t]mhmXncn°m≥ ]camh[n ian

1. Jp¿-B≥- 6: 542. Jp¿-B≥-



≠Xv a\pjycpsS _m[yXbmWv. ]t£, Cu \nbaßƒ A\p

kcn°mXncn°phm\p≈ ss]imNnIamb Hcp XrjvW a\pjy

cpsSsb√mw AIØfØnep≠v. Cu XrjvWbv°v ISn™mWn

´m¬ amXta BÀmZ`cnXhpw kam[m\kºpjvShpamb am\hn

IkaqlØns≥d krjvSn km[n°q. Nn¥miIvXnbp≈ a\pjy

sc krjvSn® A√mlphns≥d ImcpWyØns≥d mKw Xs∂bm

Wv D¬IrjvSamb -Hcp kaqlØns≥d krjvSn°pth≠ Imcy

ßƒ sNøpIsb∂Xv. AXpsIm≠mWv ]caImcpWnI\mb

A√mlp Cu qanbn¬ \∑ sNbvXh¿°v ]ctemIØv \∑bpw

Xn∑ sNbvXh¿°v ]ctemIØv Xn∑bpw ]Xnêambn e`n°p

sa∂ \nbaap≠m°nbXv. \∑sbbpw Xn∑sbbpw kXysØbpw

AkXysØbpw \oXnsbbpw A\oXnsbbpsa√mw A√mlphn

s≥d ImcpWyw Xpeyambn´mWv KWn°p∂sX¶n¬ ]ns∂

kXyØn\pw \oXn°pw \∑°psa¥mWv hne? AXp icnbs√

∂v \ΩpsSsb√mw kmam\y_p≤n kΩXn°p∂p. \∑bv°pw

Xn∑bv°pw Ahbv°\pkrXamb ]Xnêw \¬Is∏SWw.

CXmWv A√mlphns≥d \oXn. ]ctemIØpsh®v CltemI

Ønse sNbvXnIƒ°v ]Xn-êw \¬Is∏Spw. sX‰psNbvX

hyIvXnIƒ°v AhnsSsh®v e`n°p∂ ITn\amb in£t]mepw

am\hcmintbmSp≈ A√mlphns≥d ImcpWyØns≥dbpw

kvt\lØns≥dbpw `mKamsW∂v A¬]w Nn¥n®m¬

t_m[yamIpw.

"Rm≥ Gsd s]mdp°p∂h\pw IcpWmhmcn[nbpamsW∂pw

Fs≥d in£bmWv thZ\tbdnb in£sb∂pw Fs≥d Zmk∑m

sc hnhcadnbn°pI.-'1

A√mlp BtcmSpw Xs∂ A\oXn sNøpIbns√∂pw ]ctem

IØpsh®v CltemI sNbvXnIƒ°p≈ ]Xn-êw \¬IpI

sb∂Xv A√mlphns≥d \oXnbmsW∂pw hyIvXam°p∂ At\

Iw kqIvXßƒ Jp¿B\nep≠v.

"temItcmSv Hcp A\oXnbpw ImWn°m≥ A√mlp Dt±in

°p∂n√.-'2

"Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlp HcWpthmfw A\oXn ImWn°p

Ibn√'.1

"\ns≥d c£nXmhv bmsXmcmtfmSpw A\oXn ImWn°pbn√.'2

Bcm[y≥ A√mlp amXw

a\pjysc krjvSn°pIbpw ]cn]men°pIbpw sNøp∂Xv

A√mlphmWv. Ah≥ k¿h-temIØns≥dbpw kjvSmhpw

kwc£I\pamWv. ]caImcpWnI\pw IcpWm\n[nbpamWv;

AZriyImcyßƒ Adnbp∂h\pw \oXnam\pamWv. clkyß

fpw ]ckyßfpadnbmhp∂ A√mlphn\v amXsa Hmtcm a\pjy

cpsSbpw a\ n\IØp≈sX¥msW∂v Adnbm≥ IgnbpI

bp≈q. "\nivNbw A√mlp k¿h-PvR\pw kq£vaPvR\pasX.'3

a\pjyIgnh∂XoXamb Imcyßƒ AØcØnep≈

IgnhpIfps≠∂v hnizkn°s∏Sp∂htcmSv tNmZn°p∂Xn\m

Wt√m ]m¿Y-\sb∂v ]dbp∂Xv. AùXnIamb klmbm`y

¿Y-\mbWv ]m¿∞\sb∂p ]dbmw. ]m¿Y-\bpsS BXvamhv-

kvYnXnsNøp∂Xv ]m¿Y-n°p∂hs≥d a\ n\IØmWv. FX

kpµcamb ]m¿Y\mKoXambncp∂mepw AXv lrZbØn¬

\n∂p ]pdØphcp∂Xs√¶n¬ tIhew hmNmtSm]ambn ]cn

Wan°p∂p. AXn∂v A[cßfpambn amXta _\v[w ImWq.

]m¿Y-n°p∂hs≥d lrZbw ]m¿Y-n°s∏Sp∂hs≥d klmbw

Imw£n°ptºmƒ amXamWv ]m¿Y-\sb∂ ]Zw A\z¿Y-

amIp∂Xv. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ ]m¿Y\bmWv F√mhn[ Bcm[\I

fpsSbpw aPvP. Bcm[\Ifnse I¿a-ßƒ°v Poh\p≠mIW

sa¶n¬ ]m¿Y-\bp≠mbncn°Wsa∂¿∞w.

At∏mƒ, a\pjy¿ Bcm[\Iƒ A¿∏nt°≠Xv B¿°mWv?

AtcmSmWh¿ ]m¿Y-nt°≠Xv? kIeam\ IgnhpIfpsSbpw

DSakvYmhImiw B¿°mtWm, clkyßfpw ]ckyßfpadnbp

∂h\mcmtWm, lrZbØn\IØp≈Xv hyIvXambn Adnbmhp

∂Xv B¿°mtWm, Ah∂mWv; Ah∂p amXamWv Bcm[\If

¿∏nt°≠sX∂v kmam\y_p≤n ]dbp∂p. kjvSmhpw ]cn]m

1. Jp¿-B≥- 15: 49, 502. Jp¿-B≥- 3: 108

1. Jp¿-B≥- 4: 4-02. Jp¿-B≥- 18: 493. Jp¿-B≥- 31: 24



eI\pamb A√mlphn\v amXta Bcm[\If¿∏n°mhq F∂m

Wv Ckvemw \njvI¿jn°p∂Xv. ]m¿Y-\m hgn]mSpIƒ A¿∏n

°s∏Sphm≥ A¿l≥ A√mlp amXamsW∂v hnizkn°p

tºmƒ amXamWv A√mlphnep≈ hnizmkw ]q¿W-amIp∂Xv.

kØbnepw IgnhpIfnepw AZznXob\mb A√mlphn\v amXw

Bcm[\If¿∏n°s∏Sptºmƒ amXamWv Ckvemw hnh£n

°p∂ GIssZhhnizmkw ]q¿W-amIp∂Xv.

ssZhhnizmkw a\pjylrZbØns≥d AKm[XIfn¬

kzm[o\w sNepØp∂psh∂mWv kmaqlyimkvXPvR∑mcpsS

]£w. D¬IrjvS Pohnbmb a\pjy≥ Xs∂°mƒ Xmgv∂

]Snbn¬ \n¬°p∂ ]IrXn ]Xn`mkßsf Bcm[n°p∂Xn

eqsS BXvaobambn A[a\mbn amdp∂p. Poh\p≈pw C√mØ

Xpamb hkvXp°fn¬ ]eXpw Ahs≥d CjvStZhXIfmbn

amdptºmƒ a\pjys≥d kzm`mhnIamb D¬IrjvSXbv°v

If¶ap≠mhp∂p. APø\pw A\yq\\pamb A√mlphns\

amXw Bcm[n°p∂XneqsSbmWv a\pjy≥ BXvaobamb

DZmØoIcWw km[n°p∂Xv. krjvSn°pIbpw ]cn]men°p

Ibpw sNøp∂ A√mlp a\pjycn¬ \n∂v Bhiys∏Sp∂Xpw

Aht\mSp amXap≈ Bcm[\bmWv. A√mlp ]dbp∂Xv

t\m°pI: "Pn∂pIsfbpw a\pjyscbpw Fs∂ Bcm[n°phm≥

th≠nb√msX Rm≥ krjvSn®nń√. Rm≥ Ahcn¬ \n∂v

D]Poh\sam∂pw BKln°p∂n√. Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlp

Xs∂bmWv D]Poh\w \¬Ip∂h\pw iIvX\pw ]_e\pw'.1

kjvSmhpw kwc£I\pamb \mY\p≈ Bcm[\bmWv a\p

jysc sX‰pIƒ sNøp∂Xn¬ \n∂p XS™p\n¿Øp∂Xv.

hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂p: "P\ßsf, \nßsfbpw \nßfpsS

ap≥KmanIsfbpw krjvSn® \nßfpsS \mYs\ \nßƒ Bcm

[n°phn≥. \nßƒ tZmj_m[sb kq£n°phm≥ th≠nbsX

AXv.'2

"A√mlp, Ah\√msX thsd Bcm[y\n√. Poh\p≈h≥;

"kzbw ]cym]vX\mb k¿h- \nb¥mhv; Ahs\ Hcp hn[ Dd°

hpw ab°hpw _m[n°p∂n√. BImißfnepw `qanbnepap≈

sX√mw Ahs≥dXmWv. Ahs≥dbSpØv ip]m¿i sNøp∂h≥

Bcp≠v? AhcpsS ap∂nep≈Xpw ]n∂nep≈Xpw Ah∂dnbmw.

Ahs≥d Adnhn¬ \n∂v Ah≥ Dt±in®X√msX Ah¿- bmsXm

∂pw Adnbp∂n√. Ahs≥d knwlmk\w BImi`qanIsf Dƒ

s°m≠ncn°p∂p. AhbpsS kwc£Ww Ah∂v mca√. Ah≥

AXyp∂X\pw alXztadnbh\pamIp∂p'.1

"K¿`mibßfn¬ Xm\pt±in°p∂ hn[Øn¬ \nßsf cq]

s∏SpØp∂Xv Ah\sX. Ah\√msXc Hcp Bcm[y\n√. Ah

≥ ]Xm]nbpw bpIvXnam\pasX'.-2

"Xm\√msX Hcp Bcm[y\pans√∂Xn\v A√mlp km£yw

hln®ncn°p∂p. ae°pIfpw Adnhp≈hcpw (AXn\v km£n

IfmIp∂p) Ah≥ \oXn \n¿hln°p∂h\sX. ]Xm]nbpw

bpIvXnam\pamb Ah\√msX thsd Bcm[y\n√'.-3

"A√mlp˛Ah\√msX Hcp Bcm[y\pan√. Dbn¿sØgpt∂

¬∏ns≥d ZnhktØ°v Ah≥ \nßsfsb√mw Hcpan®v Iq´pI

Xs∂ sNøpw'.4

A√mlp Ahs≥d kØbnepw KpWßfnepw AXpey\m

sW∂pw Ah≥ amXsa Bcm[\Iƒ A¿ln°p∂p≈qsh∂pw

hnizkn°ptºmƒ amXta Hcmƒ kXyhnizmk (Cuam≥) Øn

s≥d hmXneneqsS IS∂v, hnizmknIfpsS (apAvan≥) kaqlØn

¬ AwKamhpIbp≈q. A√mlphns≥d GIXzØn¬ hnizkn®p

sIm≠v kXyhnizmknbmIp∂bmƒ AXphsc \bn®Xn¬ \n∂v

XnI®pw hyXncnIvXamb Hcp PohnXw \bn°m\mcw`n°p∂p.

Ah≥ hnKlßfpsSbpw ihIpSocßfpsSbpw apºn¬ \a

inckvIcmhp∂n√. A√m-lp-hn\p ap∂n¬ amXw ]m¿Y\m hgn

]mSpIƒ A¿∏n®psIm≠v Ahs≥d hn[nhne°pIƒ AwKoIcn

®psIm≠v XnI®pw If¶clnXamb Hcp PohnXamWv Ah≥

\bn°pI. Aßs\ Ah≥ apkvenambnØocp∂p; kjvSmhn\v

k¿h-kzw ka¿∏n®h\mbn amdp∂p.

1. Jp¿-B≥- 51: 56-˛582. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 21

1. Jp¿-B≥-2. Jp¿-B≥- 34: 63. Jp¿-B≥- 3: 184. Jp¿-B≥-



sØbpw \ne\n¬]ns\bpw Ipdn® Hcp kmam\y[mcW hnip≤

Jp¿B≥ \¬Ip∂p≠v. ae°pIfpsS AkvXnXzsØbpw

Ahsb°pdn®v Jp¿B\n¬ ]dbp∂ Imcyßsfbpw Ipdn®p≈

hnizmkw kXyhnizmkØns≥d `mKasX.

a\pjycptSXn¬ \n∂v XnI®pw hn`n∂amWv ae°pIfpsS

]IrXn. Ahbv-°v A√mlphns\ [n°cn°phm≥ IgnbpIbn√.

A\pkcWw AhcpsS AkvXn XzØn¬ Aen™ptN¿∂ncn°p

∂psh∂v- thWsa¶n¬ ]dbmw. Al¶mctam A\pkcWt°

tSm ae°pIfn¬ \n∂p≠mhp Ibn√. Jp¿B\n¬ ]dbp∂Xp

ImWpI: "BImißfnep≈Xpw `qanbnep≈Xpamb GsXmcp

Pohnbpw A√mlphn\v kmjvSmwKw \an°p∂p; ae°pIfpw.

Ah¿ Al¶mcw \Sn°p∂n√. Ah¿ °p aosXbp≈ AhcpsS

c£nXmhns\ Ah¿ bs∏SpIbpw Ah¿ I¬]n°s∏Sp∂sX

¥pw Ah¿ ]h¿Øn°pIbpw sNøp∂p.'1

]hmNI∑m¿°v ssZhnIt_m[\w FØn®psImSp°pI

bmWv ae°pIƒ°v \nivNbn°s∏ńcn°p∂ ][m\s∏´ ZuXy

ßfnsem∂v. Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂Xv ImWpI: "Xs≥d Zmk∑mcn¬

\n∂v Xm≥ Dt±in°p∂hcpsS ta¬ Xs≥d I¬]-\]Imcw

(kXyktµiamIp∂) ssNX\yhpw sIm≠v ae°pIsf Ah≥

Cd°p∂p. Rm\√msX bmsXmcp ssZhhpan√. AXn\m¬ \nß

sfs∂ kq£n®psIm≈pho≥ F∂v \nßƒ Xm°oXv \¬IpI

(F∂XsX B ktµiw).-'2

ae°pIfn¬ kp][m\amsbmcp ZuXy\n¿hmlI\mWv

Pn_vco¬ (K_ntb¬). aplΩZv \_n°v hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ Ah

Xc∏n°s∏´Xv Pn_vcoeneqsSbmWv. "(Jp¿B≥ FØn®p Xcp

∂) Pn_vco¬ F∂ ae°nt\mSmWv B¿s°¶nepw iXpXsb

¶n¬ At±laXv \ns≥d a\ n¬ AhXcn∏n®Xv A√mlphn

s≥d DØch\pkcn®v amXamW-v.'-3

hnizkvXmflmhv (dqlp¬ Aao≥), ]cnip≤mXvamhv (dqlp¬

ae°pIfnep≈ hnizmkw

a\pjy\v Xs≥d IÆpIƒ sIm≠v ImWm≥ IgnbmØ H´\

h[n Imcyßƒ Cu qanbn¬ Xs∂bp≠v. AhbpsS km∂n[yw

]co£WßfneqsS kvYncoIcn®psIm≠mWv a\pjy≥

]kvXpX hkvXp°sfbpw ]Xn`mkßsfbpw Ipdn®v ]Tn°p∂

Xv. ]t©µn-bßƒ sIms≠m∂pw A\p`hthZya√mØ ]Xn`m

kßƒ a‰p hkvXp°fnep≠m°p∂ ]XnIcWßƒ i≤n®m

Wv ]T\Øn\v hnt[bam°mdp≈Xv. ]ImisØ°mƒ thKX

IqSnb hkvXp°sf \ap°v Hcn°epw ImWphmt\m A\p`hn

°mt\m km[yas√∂ hkvXpX ssk≤m¥nIambn sXfnbn°

s∏ń´p≠v. \ΩpsS ]co£W \nco£Wßƒ°v I≠p]nSn°m

≥ Hcn°epw km[n°mØ ]e ]Xn`mkßfpw ChnsSbp≠m

Imsa∂p kmcw.

a\pjy\v Xs≥d km[mcW \nebv°p≈ CµnbPvRm\w

sIm≠v a\ nem°phmt\m A\p`hn°phmt\m km[n°mØ

ssZhkrjvSnIfmWv ae°pIƒ.- Ah ]Imiw sIm≠mWv

krjvSn°s∏ńcn°p∂Xv. ]hmNI≥ (k) ]d™p: "ae°pIƒ

]ImiØn¬ \n∂pw Pn∂v XoPzmebn¬ \n∂pw krjvSn°

s∏´p'.-1 a\pjycpsS CµnbPvRm\Øn\XoXcmb krjvSnIsf

∂ \nebv°p Chsb°pdn®v a\ nem°m≥ ssZhnIt_m[\

ßsf Bibn°pI amXta \n¿hmla≈q. ae°pIfpsS ZuXy

G-gv-

1. klo-lp- ap-kv-enw-

1. Jp¿-B≥- 16: 49, 502. Jp¿-B≥- 16: 23. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 97

ae°pIfnep≈ hnizmkw 117


JpZpkv) XpSßnb \maßfmepw Pn_vco¬ hntijn∏n°s∏

´Xmbn IWm≥ Ignbpw. "Xo¿®bmbpw CXv (Jp¿B≥) temIc

£nXmhv AhXcn∏n®Xv Xs∂bmIp∂p. hnizkvXmXvamhv

\ns≥d lrZbØn¬ AXpwsIm≠v Cdßnbncn°p∂p. \o

Xm°oXp \¬Ip∂hcpsS Iq´Ønembncn°m≥ th≠nbsX

AXv.-'1

"]dbpI, \ns≥d c£nXmhn¶¬ \n∂v kXyk\v[ambn

]cnip≤mXvamhv CXv Cd°nbncn°p∂p'2.

a\pjyPohnXØn\v ssNX\yw ]Icp∂ ssZhnI t_m[\

ßfpsS hmlI\mbXn\memhmw Pn_vcoen\v ]cnip≤mXvamhv,

hnizkvXmflmhv XpSßnb \maßƒ \¬Is∏´Xv. K_ntb¬

amemJbv°p Xs∂bmWv ss__nfnepw ]cnip≤mflmhv ]T\w

\SØnbm¬ \ap°v t_m[yamhpI. F∂m¬ ssIkvXhk`

Iƒ ssZhØns≥-d krjvSnbmb ]cn-ip≤m-flmhn\v ZnhyXzw

I¬]n°pIbpw ssZhnI XnXzØnse Hcp BfXzambn k¶¬

]n°pIbpw sNbvXphcp∂p. ss__nƒ ]gb \nbaØntem

kphntijßfntem H∂pw Xs∂ ]cnip≤mXvamhv ssZham-

sW∂v- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂ Hcp- hN\w- t]m-epw- Im-Wp-∂n-√. hn-ip≤

Jp¿-B≥- ]tbm-Kn -®Xp-t]m-se ]cn -ip -≤m-flm-hv - F∂v

K_tbens\°pdn®m-Wv- ss__nfnepw ]tbmKn°s∏ńcn°p

∂sX∂mWv a\ nem°m\mhp∂Xv.

tbiphns\, a‰p ]hmNI∑msct]mseØs∂ ]cnip≤mflm

hns\s°m≠v A√mlp ]n¥pW®psh∂v Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂p≠v.

"adv-ba-ns≥d aI\mb Cukmbv°v \mw hyIvXamb ZrjvSm¥ß

ƒ \¬IpIbpw At±lØn\v \mw ]cnip≤mflmhns≥d ]n≥_

ew \¬IpIbpw sNbvXp.'3

a\pjycpsS I¿aßƒ tcJs∏SpØnsh°phm\mbn ae°pI

sf \ntbmKn®n´ps≠∂p kqNn∏n°p∂ hmIyßƒ Jp¿B\n

ep≠v. A¥y\mfn¬ hnNmcW°pXIp∂ hn[w I¿aßƒ kq£v

aambn tcJs∏SpØpIsb∂ ZuXyta¬∏n°s∏´ ae°pIƒ

]kvXpX Imcyw IrXyambn \n¿hln®psIm≠ncn°p∂p≠v.

Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂Xv ImWpI: "Xo¿®bmbpw \nßfpsS ta¬

Nne ta¬t\m´°mcp≠v. tcJs∏SpØn sh°p∂ Nne am\y∑m¿.

\nßƒ ]h¿Øn°p∂Xv Ah¿ Adnbp∂p.'1 "heXp`mKØpw

CSXp`mKØpw Ccp∂psIm≠v G‰phmßp∂ c≠pt]¿ G‰phm

ßp∂ kµ¿`w. Ah≥ GsXmcp hm°v D®cn°ptºmgpw Ah

s≥d ASpØv Xb-mdmbn \n¬°p∂ \nco£I≥ D≠mhmsX

bncn°n√'.-2

a\pjycpsS BXvamhpIsf ]nSns®Sp°p∂Xv ae°pIfmWv.

ssZh\nivNnXamb kabsaSpØm¬ Hmtcm hyIvXnbpsSbp-w

acWap≠mhpw. AXn¬\n∂v B¿°pw Hgn™pamdm\mhn√.

HmtcmcpØcpsSbpw acWØn\v \nivNbn°s∏ńcn°p∂ ae°v

AhcpsS Bflmhns\ ]nSns®Sp°p∂Xn¬ bmsXmcp hn´phogv

Nbpw ImWn°pIbn√. Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂Xv t\m°pI: "]dbpI:

\nßfpsS ImcyØn¬ G¬]-n°s∏´ acWØns≥d ae°v

\nßsf acn∏n°p∂XmWvv. ]n∂oSv \nßfpsS c£nXmhn¶te°v

\nßƒ aS°s∏Sp∂XmWvv.-'3

kZvhrØcmbhcpsS Bflm°sf kzoIcn°phm\mbn ae

°pIƒ IS∂phcnI kam[m\Øns≥d ZqXpambn´mWv. Xßfp

sS k¬I-¿aßƒ°v ]Xnêambn e`n°m\ncn°p∂ kpJk

ºq¿Wamb kz¿KobPohnXsØ°pdn®v kt¥mjhm¿Øbpam

bmWv k®cnXcpsS ASptØ°v ae°pIƒ IS∂phcnI. Ah¿

°v acWw kz¿KobPohnXØnte°p≈ IhmSamWt√m. "\√h

cmbncns° ae°pIƒ GsXm-cp IqćpsS PohnXw Ahkm\n∏n

°p∂pthm AhtcmSv (ae°pIƒ) ]dbpw: \nßƒ°v kam[m

\w! \nßƒ ]h¿-Øn®p sIm≠ncp∂Xns≥d eambn \nßƒ

kz¿KØn¬ ]thin®psIm≈pI'4.

PohnXw apgph≥ ssZhsØ \ntj[n®psIm≠v Zp¿hrØnIfn

te¿s∏´hcpsSbpw _lpssZhmcm[\bneqsS ssZhtIm]Øn

\v ]mXambhcpsSbpw Bflm°sf ae°pIƒ ]nSns®Sp°p∂

1. Jp¿-B≥- 26: 192-˛1942. Jp¿-B≥- 16: 1023. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 87

1. Jp¿-B≥- 82: 10˛122. Jp¿-B≥- 50: 17, 183. Jp¿-B≥- 32: 114. Jp¿-B≥- 16: 32

118 ae°pIfnep≈ hnizmkw 119


Xv \cIsØ°pdn®v `bhnlzecm°ns°m≠pw a¿Z-\ßƒ°v

hnt[bam°ns°m≠pambncn°psa∂mWv Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂Xv:

"At∏mƒ ae°pIƒ AhcpsS apJØpw ]n≥`mKØpw ASn®p

sIm≠v acn∏n°ptºmƒ F¥mbncn°pw AhcpsS kvYnXn!'1

"Ahch¿°p Xs∂ tZmlw sNbvXpsIm≠ncns° ae°pI

ƒ GsXmcp IqćpsS PohnXw Ahkm\n∏n°p∂pthm Ah¿°v.

Rßƒ bmsXmcp Xn∑bpw sNbvXncp∂n√ F∂p ]d™psIm

≠v Ah¿ At∂cw IogvhW°Øn\v k∂≤X ]ISn∏n°pw.

Aßs\b√, Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlp \nßƒ ]h¿Øn®p

sIm≠ncn°p∂Xns\∏‰n Adnbp∂h\mIp∂p. AXn\m¬ \cI

Øns≥d IhmSØneqsS \nßƒ IS∂psIm≈pI. (\nßƒ)

AXn¬ \nXyhmknIfmbncn°pw. At∏mƒ Al¶mcnIfpsS

hmkkvYew tamiw Xs∂.-'2

kXyhnizmknIƒ°p th≠n ae°pIƒ am∏nc∂p ]m¿Y-n

®psIm≠ncn°p∂psh∂mWv Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂Xv: "ae°pIƒ

XßfpsS c£nXmhns\ kvXpXn°p∂tXmsSm∏w ]Io¿Øn®p

sIm≠ncn°pIbpw `qanbnep≈h¿°v th≠n Ah¿ ]m]tamN

\w tXSpIbpw sNøp∂p.-'3

temImhkm\tØmS\p_\v[n®v ae°pIƒ Iq´wIqámbn

Cd°s∏Spw. "BImiw s]mń∏nf¿∂v sh¨taL]Sew ]pd

ØphcnIbpw ae°pIƒ iIvXnbmbn Cd°s∏SpIbpw sNøp∂

Znhkw.-'4

]ctemIØpsh®v kXyhnizmknIƒ°v \¬Is∏Sp∂ kz¿

KØnte°v Ahsc kzoIcn®m\bn°phm\pw A√mlphns≥d

]cnip≤krjvSnIfmb ae°pIfp≠mbncn°pw. "kvYnchmk

Øn\p≈ kz¿KtØm∏pIƒ. AhcpsS ]nXm°fn¬\n∂pw

CWIfn¬\n∂pw k¥XnIfn¬\n∂pw kZvhrØcmbn´p≈hcpw

AXn¬ ]thin°p∂XmWv. ae°pIƒ F√m hmXneneqsSbpw

AhcpsS ASp°¬ IS∂ph∂n´p ]dbpw: "\nßƒ £a ssI

s°m≠Xn\m¬ \nßƒ°v kam[m\w' At∏mƒ temIØns≥d

]cyhkm\w FX \√Xv'.-1

ZpjvI¿an-Iƒ°v XßfpsS sNbvXnIfpsS ]Xn-êambn

\¬Is∏Sp∂ \cIØns≥d NpaXe hln°p∂Xpw ae°pIƒ

Xs∂. ssZhnI \n¿tZi ]Imcw \cIhmknIƒ A\p`hnt°

≠p∂ in£ Ahsc ]q¿Wambpw A\p`hn∏n°p∂ ImcyØn¬

ae°pIƒ A¬]wt]mepw hn´phogvN ImWn°pIbn√: "kXy

hnizmknItf, kztZlßsfbpw \nßfpsS _\v[p°sfbpw

a\pjycpw I√pIfpw C‘\ambn´p≈ \cIm·nbn¬ \n∂v

\nßƒ ImØpc£n°pI. AXns≥d ta¬t\m´Øn\v ]cpjkz

`mhnIfpw AXniIvXcpamb ae°pIfp≠mbncn°pw. A√mlp

AhtcmSv I¬∏n® ImcyØn¬ Aht\mSh¿ A\pkcWt°Sp

ImWn°pIbn√. AhtcmSv I¬∏n°s∏Sp∂sX¥pw Ah¿

]h¿Øn°pIbpw sNøpw'.-2

]ctemIØv hyXykvXßfmb NpaXeIƒ hln°p∂

ae°pIƒ°pt]mepw a\pjysc kzbw AòjvS]Imcw c£n

°phm≥ km[ya√. A√mlphns≥d A\paXntbmSpIqSn amXsa

ae°pIƒ°v ]ctemIØpsh®v ip]m¿isNøphm≥ km[n°q

sh∂ hkvXpX Jp¿B≥ hyIvXam°p∂p≠v: "BImißfn¬

FX ae°pIfmWp≈Xv! AhcpsS ip]m¿i bmsXmcp ]tbm

P\hpw sNøpIbn√; A√mlp Ah≥ Dt±in°pIbpw Xr]vXn

s∏SpIbpw sNøp∂h¿°v (ip]m¿ibv°v) A\phmZw \¬Inb

Xns≥d tija√msX'3

ae°pIƒ A√mlphns≥d s]ä°fmsW∂ hnizmkw

a°bnse _lpssZh hnizmknIƒ°nSbn¬ \ne\n∂ncp∂p.

amemJamsc kvXoIfmbn k¶¬]n°p∂ kºZmbw C∂v

ssIkvXh kaqlØn¬ ImWs∏Sp∂p≠t√m. Jp¿B≥ Cu

hmZßsf iIvXnbpIvXw FXn¿°p∂p: "]caImcpWnIs≥d

Zmk∑mcmb ae°pIsf Ah¿ s]Æpßfm°nbncn°p∂p.

Ahsc (ae°pIsf) krjvSn®Xn\v Ah¿ km£yw hln®ncp

1. Jp¿-B≥- 47: 272. Jp¿-B≥- 16: 28, 293. Jp¿-B≥- 42: 54. Jp¿-B≥- 25: 25

1. Jp¿-B≥- 13: 24, 252. Jp¿-B≥- 66: 63. Jp¿-B≥- 53: 23

120 ae°pIfnep≈ hnizmkw 121


t∂m? AhcpsS km£yw tcJs∏SpØp∂Xpw Ah¿ tNmZyw

sNøs∏Sp∂XpamWv.-'1

"Xo¿®bmbpw ]ctemIØn¬ hnizkn°mØh¿ ae°pI

ƒ°v t]cnSp∂Xv kvXo\maßfmIp∂p. Ah¿°v AXns\∏‰n

bmsXmcdnhpan√. Ah¿ DulsØ amXamWv ]n¥pScp∂Xv'.-2

ae°pIsf Bcm[n®ncp∂ a°bnse _lpssZh hnizmkn

Isf Jp¿B≥ hna¿in°p∂p≠v. A√mlph√msX BcpwXs∂

Bcm[y\mbnńs√∂mWv Jp¿B≥ ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. A√mlp

hns≥d A\pkcWioeap≈ ASnaIƒ amXamWv ae°pIƒ.

AhcpsS AkvXnXzØn¬ hnizknt°≠Xv Hmtcm hnizmknbp

sSbpw ISabmWv. ae°pfnep≈ hnizmkØneqsS A√mlphn

s≥d APøXsb°pdn®v a\pjy¿ t_m[hm∑mcmIp∂p. Aß

s\ Bflotbm∂Xnbnte°v a\pjy¿ \bn°s∏Sp∂p.

thZKŸßfnep≈ hnizmkw

a‰p arKßsft∏mse P∑hmk\sIm≠v amXw Pohn°phm≥

a\pjy\v Ignbn√. Hcp kmaqlyPohnsb∂ \nebv°v Xs≥d

PohnXØn¬ ]ment°≠ hn[nhne°pIsf°pdn®v kz¥ambn

KthjWwsNbvXp I≠p]nSn°phm\p≈ Ignhpw A√m-lp-

a\pjy\v \¬Inbnń√. kmaqlyLS\bv°\pkrXambn [m¿an

I\nbaßƒ \n¿an°msa∂hImis∏Sp∂h¿ D≠m°nsbSpØ

kZmNmcaqeyßfne[nIhpw a\pjykaqlØn\v \mihpw

\jvShpw amXamWv hcpØnsh®ncn°p∂Xv. a\p-jy¿- Fßs\

Po-hn-°Wsa∂v- ]Tn-∏n-°m-\m-Wv- ]hm-NI∑m¿- IS∂p-h∂Xv.-

Ah¿ ssZhnIt_m[\ßfpsS ASnkvYm\ØnemWv kwkmcn

®ncp∂sX∂Xn\memWv hnizmktbmKycmhp∂Xv. krjvSn®p

]cn]men°p∂ ]S®Xºpcm\v amXsa a\pjy¿ Fßs\

Pohn°Wsa∂v ]d™pXcm≥ Ignbq. Ah≥ ]hmNI∑mcneq

sS am\hcmin°v AhXcn∏n®psImSpØ thZßfn¬ a\pjy¿

°mhiyamb am¿K\n¿tZißfmWp≠mbncp∂Xv; Cl]c

PohnX hnPbØn\mhiyamb \nba\n¿tZißfpsS kamlmc

amWv "thZw' F∂p ]dbmw.

a\pjy¿ Htc amXm]nXm°fn¬ \n∂p≠mbhcmsW∂mWv

Jp¿B≥ ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. BZans≥dbpw l∆bpsSbpw a°fmb

am\hsc√mw Hscm‰ kapZmbØn-se Aw-Kßfm-bncp∂p. GI

\mb kjvSmhns\ amXw Bcm[n°pIbpw ]m¿Y-n°pIbpw1. Jp¿-B≥- 43: 192. Jp¿-B≥- 53: 27, 28

F-´v-

122


sNbvXncp∂ kapZmbw ]n∂oSh¿ `n∂n®p. ssZhnI am¿K\n¿

tZißfn¬ \n∂p≈ hyXnNe\w GsXmcp kaqlØnepw n∂n

∏n\pw kv]¿≤bv°pw amXsa \nanØamIq. a\pjy¿- `n∂n®

t∏mƒ ssZhnIamb sFIyØns≥d ]mXbnte°v Ahsc \bn

°m≥ ]hmNI∑m¿ \ntbmKn°s∏´p. n∂n∏n\v Xo¿∏p I¬]n

°phm\pw bYm¿Y-Ønep≈ ssZhnI\nbaßƒ ]Tn∏n°phm

\pw th≠n thZßƒ \¬IpIbpw sNbvXp. thZßfn¬- hn[nhn

e°pIf\pkcn®v Pohn°p∂ kaqlØn¬ `n∂n∏p≠mhpI

bns√∂v kv]jvSamWt√m. F∂m¬ thZw \¬Is∏´h¿ Xs∂

]n∂oSv n∂n°pIbpw ]ckv]cw kwL´\ßfnte¿s∏SpIbpw

sNbvXpsh∂Xn\v NcnXw km£nbmWv. CXn\v ImcWw thZ

ßfnse \nba\n¿tZißfn¬ \n∂v AXns≥d A\pbmbnIsf

∂hImis∏Sp∂h¿ AI∂pt]mbXpw kzm¿Y-nIfmb ]ptcm

lnX∑m¿ P\ßsf NqjWw sNøm≥ th≠n thZXØzßfn

epw hN\ßfn¬ Xs∂bpw ambw tN¿ØXpamWv. Jp¿B≥

]dbp∂Xp t\m°pI: "a\pjy¿ Hscm‰ kapZmbambncp∂p. A\

¥cw kt¥mjhm¿Ø Adnbn°phm\pw Xm°oXv \¬Iphm\p

ambn A√mlp ]hmNI∑msc \ntbmKn®p. Ah¿ n∂n® hnjb

Øn¬ Xo¿∏v I¬]-n°phm\mbn AhcpsS IqsS kXythZhpw

Ah ≥ Ab®psImSpØp. F∂m¬ thZw \¬Is∏´h¿ Xs∂

hyIvXamb sXfnhpIƒ h∂pInńb tijw AXn¬ `n∂n®n´p

≈Xv Ah¿ XΩnep≈ am¬kcyw aqea√msX as‰m∂psIm≠p

a√. F∂m¬, GsXmcp kXyØn¬ \n∂v Ah¿ n∂n®I∂pthm

B kXyØnte°p A√mlp Xs≥d Xm¬]cy]Imcw kXyhn

izmknIƒ°v hgnImWn®p. Xm\pt±in°p∂hsc A√mlp

icnbmb ]mXbnte°v \bn°p∂p.-'1

Jp¿B\n¬ \mep thZßsf°pdn®p amXsa t]cp ]d™p

sIm≠p≈ ]kvXmh\bp≈qsh¶nepw AX√msXbpw thZß

ƒ AhXcn∏n°s∏ń´ps≠∂Xn\v kqN\Ifp≠v. hnip≤ Jp¿

B\nse BdmasØ A[-ymbamb kqdØp¬ A≥Ban¬

\qlv, C_vdmlow, CkvlmJv, bAvJq_v, ZmhqZv, kpsseam≥,

Aøq_v, bqkp^v, aqkm, lmdq≥, kIcnøm, blvbm, Cukm,

C¬bmkv, CkvamCu¬, A¬bkAv, bq\pkv, eqØv XpSßn

]Xns\´v ]hmNI∑mcpsS t]cp ]d™ tijw A√mlp

]d™ hcnIƒ it≤bamWv: "\mw thZhpw hnPvRm\hpw ]hm

NIXzhpw \¬Inbn´p≈hcsX Ah¿'1. CXn¬- \n-∂v- ap-Ifn¬-

]kv-Xm-hn-°s∏´ ]hm-NI∑m-cn¬- Nn-e¿-s°¶n-epw- thZw- \¬-

In-bn-´p-s≠∂v- hy-Iv-Xam-Wt√m.-

]m-] ]p-Wyßsf°p-dn-®- Jp¿-B\n-Iho-£Ww- Xs∂bm-Wv-

]q¿-h]hm-NI∑m¿-°v- \¬-Is∏´ thZßfn-ep-≈sX∂v- kv-Ym-

]n-®p-sIm-≠p-≈ Jp¿-B≥-kq-Iv-Xw- i≤n-°p-I: "Xo¿-®bm-bpw-

CXv- BZy-sØ GSp-Ifn¬- Xs∂bp-≠v.- AXm-bXv- C_v-dm-lo-an

s≥-dbpw- aq-kbp-sSbpw- GSp-Ifn¬.'2 Chbn¬- \n-s∂√mw- Jp¿B

\n¬- t]cp- ]d™n-ń-√m-Ø thZßfpw- ap≥]hm-NI∑m¿-°v-

AhXcn-∏n-®n-´p-s≠∂ hkv-Xp-X hy-Iv-Xam-hp-∂p-≠v.-

F√m- ]hm-NI∑m¿-°pw- AhXcn-∏n-°s∏ń-´p-≈ KŸß

fn¬- hn-iz-kn-t°≠Xv- kXy-hn-izm-kn-Ifp-sS ISabm-Wv.- Jp¿B

≥- ]dbp-∂Xv- t\m-°p-I: "kXy-hn-izm-kn-Itf,- A√m-lp-hn-epw-

Ahs≥d Zq-X\n-epw- Ahs≥-d Zq-X\v- Ah≥- AhXcn-∏n-® KŸ

Øn-epw- \n-ßƒ- hn-iz-kn-°p-ho≥.- A√m-lp-hn-epw- Ahs≥-d ae

°p-Ifn-epw- Ahs≥d KŸßfn-epw- Ahs≥-d Zq-X∑m-cn-epw-

A¥y-Zn-\Øn-epw- h√h\pw- Ahn-iz-kn-°p-∂ ]£w- Xo¿-®bm

bpw- Ah≥- _lp-Zq-cw- ]n-g®p- t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p.-'-3

ap≥-thZßsfsb√mw- icn-sh®p-sIm-≠m-Wv- Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d

AhXcWw.- thZßsf icn-sh°p-Isb∂Xp-sIm-≠p-t±in-°p-

∂Xv- Ah AhXcn-∏n-°s∏´ cq-]Øn-\p-≈ Aw-Ko-Im-cam-Wv.- ap≥-

thZßsf Aw-Ko-Icn-®p- sIm-≠p-≈ Jp¿-B\n-I ]kv-Xm-hw- Im

Wp-I.- "(\_n-tb) \n-\°n-Xm- kXy-]Im-cw- thZKŸw- AhXcn-

∏n-®p- X∂n-cn-°p-∂p.- AXn-s≥-d ap-ºn-ep-≈ thZKŸßsf icn-

sh°p-∂Xpw- Ahsb Im-Øp-c£n-°p-∂Xp-asX AXv.-'-4

Hm-tcm- ]hm-NI\pw- X\n-°v- ap-ºv- AhXcn-∏n-°s∏´ thZK

Ÿßsf Aw-Ko-Icn-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv- IS∂p-h∂Xv.- F√m- ]hmNI

1. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 213

1. Jp¿-B≥- 6: 892. Jp¿-B≥- 87: 18, 193. Jp¿-B≥- 4: 1364. Jp¿-B≥- 5: 48

124 thZKŸßfnep≈ hnizmkw 125


∑m¿-°pw- P\ßƒ-°p- ap-∂n¬- sh°m-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂ ktµiØn-

s≥-d sFI`m-hw- sIm-≠m-Wn-Xv.- Ah¿-°p- ASn-kv-Ym-\]cam-bn-

]Tn-∏n-°m-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv- "kjv-Sm-hpw- k¿hiIv-X\p-am-b PK-

∂n-b¥m-hn-s\ am-Xw- Bcm-[n-°p-I'- F∂ ktµiam-bn-cp∂p.-

AXp- sIm-≠p-Xs∂ thZßfp-sSsb√mw- ASn-kv-Ym-\m-Z¿-ißƒ-

H∂p-Xs∂bm-bn-cp-∂p.- Ah XΩn-ep-≈ hy-Xym-kw- GXm-\pw- Nne

\n-baßfp-sS Im-cy-Øn¬- am-Xam-bn-cp-∂p.- Ckm-Cu-ey-cn-te°v-

Ab°s∏´ ]hm-NI\m-b tbip- ]d™Xm-bn- Jp¿-B≥- tcJ

s∏Sp-Øp-∂Xv- t\m-°p-I.: "Fs≥-d ap-ºn-ep-≈ Xu-dm-Øn-s\ kXy

s∏Sp-Øp-∂h\m-bn-s°m-≠pw- \n-ßfp-sS ta¬- \n-jn-≤am-°s∏´

Imcy-ßfn¬- Nn-eXv- \n-ßƒ-°v- A\p-hZn-®p- Xcp-hm≥- th≠n-bp-

am-Ip-∂p- (Rm≥- \ntbm-Kn-°s∏ń-´p-≈Xv-).-'-1

C°m-cyw- kp-hn-tijßfpw- D≤cn-°p-∂p. "\n-basØtbm-

]hm-NI∑m-sctbm- d±m-°m-\m-Wv- Rm≥- h∂n-cn-°p-∂sX∂v- \n

ßƒ- [cn-t°≠; d±m-°m-\√,- \n-dth‰m-\m-Wv- Rm≥- h∂n-cn-°p-

∂Xv'.--2

Jp¿-B\n¬- t]scSp-Øp- ]d™n- p-≈ ap≥-thZßƒ- aqs∂Æ

am-Wv.- Xu-dm-Øv,- k_q¿,- C≥-Po¬- F∂n-hbm-Wh.- aq-km-\_n

°v- Xu-dm-Øpw- Zm-hq-Zv-\_n°v- k_q-dpw- Ckm-\_n-°v- C≥-Poepw-

thZKŸam-bn- \¬-In-sb∂m-Wv- Jp¿-B≥- ]dbp-∂Xv.- Cu-

thZKŸßfn-se√mw- hn-iz-kn-t°≠Xv- hn-izm-kn-Ifp-sS \n¿_

\v-[_m-[y-Xbm-sW∂v- ]d™p-ht√m. ]hm-NI∑m¿- XΩn¬- hn

thN\sam-∂pw- Im-Wn-°m≥- ]m-Sn-s√∂ Ckv-em-an-Im[ym-]\Øn-

s≥-d `m-Kam-bn-´m-Wv- Ah¿-°v- AhXcn-∏n-°s∏´ thZßfn¬-

hn-iz-kn-t°≠Xv- ap-kv-en-an-s≥-d _m-[y-Xbm-sW∂v- Jp¿-B≥- ]Tn-

∏n-°p-∂Xv.- "]dbp-I: A√m-lp-hn-epw- Rßƒ-°v- AhXcn-∏n°

s∏´Xn-epw- C_v-dm-low,- Ckv-am-Cu-¬,- Ckv-lm-Jv,- bAv-Jq-_v,-

bAvJq-_v- k¥Xn-Iƒ F∂n-h¿-°v- AhXcn-∏n-°s∏´Xn-epw- aq

kmbv-°pw- Cu-km-bv-°pw- a‰p- ]hm-NI∑m¿-°pw- Xßfp-sS c£n

Xmhn-¶¬- \n-∂v- \¬-Is∏´Xn-epw- \n-ßƒ- hn-iz-kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.-

Ahcn¬- B¿-°n-Sbn-epw- Rßƒ- hn-thN\w- I¬-]n-°p-∂n-√.-

Rßƒ- A√m-lp-hn-\v- Io-gv-s]-´hcm-Ip-∂p.-'-1

ap≥- Ign-™ thZßsf Jp¿-B≥- Aw-Ko-Icn-°p-∂p-sh∂p-

]dbp-tºmƒ- hn-h£n-°p-∂Xv- ]kv-Xp-X thZKŸßƒ- AhXcn-

∏n-°s∏´ kµ¿- Øn-ep-≈ Ahkv-Ysb Jp¿-B≥- Aw-Ko-Icn°p-

∂p-sh∂m-Wv; C∂v- \n-e\n¬-°p-∂ thZKŸßƒ-°p-≈ AwKo-

Im-ca√ AXv.- aq-km-\_n-°v- A√m-lp- AhXcn-∏n-® KŸam-Wv-

Xu-dm-Øv.- blq-Z∑m-cpw- ssIkv-Xhcpw- "tXmdm'bm-bn- Aw-KoIcn-

°p-∂ ]gb\n-baØn-se BZy-sØ A©p- ]p-kv-XIßfn¬- Xu

dm-Øn¬- \n-∂p-≈ D≤cWn-Itfm- `m-Kßtfm- \n-e\n¬-°p-∂p-

≠m-hmw.- Xu-dm-Øv- ]q¿-Wam-bn- AXpƒ-s°m-≈p-∂n-s√∂v- hy-Iv

Xam-Wv.- tam-si ]hm-NIs≥-d acWsØbpw- acWm-\¥c kw

`hßsfbpw- Ip-dn-®v- hn-hcn-°s∏ń-cn-°p-∂ ]©]p-kv-XIßƒ-

Fßs\bm-Wv- tam-sibv-°v- AhXcn-∏n-°s∏´ Xu-dm-Øm-hp-I?-

k_q-dn-s≥-d kv-Yn-Xn-bpw- XssYh.- C∂v- hm-ßm≥- e`n-°p-∂

ss__n-fn-ep-≈ k¶o¿-Ø\ ]p-kv-XIw- Zm-ho-Zn-\v- ssZhw-

AhXcn-∏n-®p- sIm-Sp-Ø k_q-dm-sW∂v- ssIkv-Xh]finX∑m

¿-°p-Xs∂ A`n-]m-ban-√.- ]gb\n-baØn-se ]e ]p-kv-XIßfpw-

]p-tcm-ln-X∑m-cp-sS ssIISØep-Iƒ-°v- hn-t[bam-bn-´p-s≠∂

hkv-Xp-Xbn-te°v- ]gb \n-baw- Xs∂ kq-N\ \¬-Ip-∂p-≠v.-

"Rßƒ- Pv-Rm-\n-Iƒ-; I¿-Øm-hn-s≥-d \n-baw- Rßfp-sS ]°ep

≠v- F∂p- ]dbm≥- \n-ßƒ-°v- Fßs\ Ign-bpw?- F∂m¬- CXm-

thZPv-Rcp-sS hym-PXq-en-I AXn-s\ AkXy-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.'2

C°m-cy-Øn-te°v- ss__nƒ]fin-X\m-b dh.- F.-kn.- t¢bo

‰≥- kq-N\ \¬-Ip-∂Xn-ßs\bm-Wv: "]p-cm-X\KŸI¿-Øm°

fn¬- Nn-e¿- hn-in-jv-Sam-b Hcp-]tZisØ ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂Xn∂v-

BKln-®m¬- Ah¿- Xßƒ- ]dbp-∂ D]tZiw- Zm-ho-Zv,- lt\m°v,-

biøm-hv- ap-Xem-b alm-∑m¿- ]dbp-∂psh∂v- `m-hn-®v- hm-kvX

hØn¬- Xßƒ- Xs∂ Fgp-Xp-∂hsb B alm∑m¿- Fgp-Xnb

sX∂v- ]dbp-∂Xv- A_≤am-sW∂v- hmNm-cn-®n-cp-∂n-√.-'-3

thZKŸØn¬- C√m-ØXv- ]eXpw- thZØn-ep-≈Xm-sW∂v-

1. Jp¿-B≥- 3: 502. Jp¿-B≥- 5: 17

1. Jp¿-B≥- 3: 842. bn-scaym- 8: 83. dh.- F.-kn.- t¢bo-‰≥-: thZ]p-kv-XI \n-L≠p- ]p-dw- 523



hcp-Øn-Øo¿-°m≥- th≠n- blq-Z]fin-X∑m¿- sNbv-Xn-cp-∂

theIsf Jp¿-B≥- \n-in-Xam-bn- hn-a¿in-°p-∂p-≠v.- "thZKŸ

Øn-se hNIssien-Iƒ- hfs®mSn-°p-∂ Nn-ecpw- Ahcp-sS Iq´

Øn-ep-≠v.- AXv- thZKŸØn¬- s]´Xm-sW∂v- \n-ßƒ- [cn°p-

hm≥- th≠n-bm-WXv.- AXv- thZKŸØn-ep-≈X√.- Ah¿-

]dbpw; AXv- A√m-lp-hn-s≥-d ]°¬- \n-∂p-≈Xm-sW∂v-.-

F∂m¬- AXv- A√m-lp-hn-¶¬- \n-∂p-≈X√.- Ah¿- Adn-™p-

sIm-≠v- A√m-lp-hn-s≥-d t]cn¬- I≈w- ]dbp-Ibm-Wv.'-1

Ckm-Cu--ey¿-°v-- c£bp-sS am¿-Kw- ]Tn-∏n-°p-hm-\m-bn- ]S®X

ºpcm-\m¬- \n-bp-Iv-X\m-b tbip-hn-\v- A√m-lp- AhXcn-∏n-®

thZKŸam-Wv- C≥-Po¬.- C∂v- ]p-Xn-b\n-baØn¬- Im-Wp-∂

]p-kv-XIßƒ-s°m-∂n-\pw- C≥-Po-em-sW∂v- AhIm-is∏Sm-\m-

hn-√.- ssZhw- tbip-hn-\v- AhXcn-∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-Ø kphn-tijam-

Wv- tbip-hn-s≥-d kp-hn-tijw- C≥-Po¬.- F∂m¬,- ]p-Xn-b \nb

aØn-sehn-sSbpw- tbip-hn-s≥-d kp-hn-tijw- \ap-°v- Im-Wm≥-

Ign-bp-∂n-√.- ]p-Xn-b \n-baØn-ep-≈ Ccp-]Øn-tbgv- ]p-kvX

Ißfn¬- ][m-\s∏´Xv- BZy-sØ \m-ep- kp-hn-tijßfm-Wv-.-

Chbp-sS I¿-Øm-°sf∂p- Icp-Xs∏Sp-∂ aØm-bn,- am¿-t°m-kv,-

eq-t°m-kv-,- tbm-l∂m≥- Xp-Sßn-bh¿- Cu-km-\_n-bp-sS Po-hn-

Xhpw- acWhpw- Nn-Xo-Icn-°m-\m-Wv- ian-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv.- Ahbn¬-

In-kv-Xp-hn-t≥-dXm-bn- D≤cn-°s∏Sp-∂ hN\ßƒ- Xp-temw- ]cn-

an-XasX.- kp-hn-tij I¿-Øm-°ƒ- tbip-in-jy-∑m-cm-tWm- At√

sb∂ Im-cy-Øn¬- ss__nƒ- ]fin-X∑m¿-°n-Sbn¬- X¿-°w-

\n-e\n¬-°p-∂p.-2 GXm-bn-cp-∂m-epw- ssZhm-hXo¿-Wam-b C≥Po

¬- C∂p- ssIkv-Xhcp-sS ssIhian-s√∂p-d∏m-Wv.- ssZh\n

thin-Xcm-bn- hn-ip-≤∑m¿- Fgp-Xn-bsX∂v- Icp-Xs∏Sp-∂ GXm

\pw- KŸßƒ- am-Xam-Wv- C∂v- Ahcp-sS ssIbn-ep-≈Xv.- CØc

Øn-ep-≈ Ccp-∂q-tdm-fw- kp-hn-tijßƒ- BZy-Im-e ssIkv-Xh

k`bp-sS ssIhiap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw- Ahbn¬- tdm-am-aXhp-

am-bn- sshcp-[-yw- ]p-e¿-Øm-Ø \m-ep-KŸßƒ- am-Xw- kzo-Icn-

®v- _m-°n-bp-≈h \in-∏n-°p-Ibm-Wv In-kv-Xm-_v-Zw- 325 ¬- \S∂

\n-Jn-bm- Iu -kn¬- sNbv-XsX∂pw- ssIkv-XhNcn-Xw- ]Tn®m

¬- a\ n-em-hpw.- AYhm,- kz-¥w- ssIIƒ-sIm-≠v- KŸßsfgp-

Xn-bp-≠m-°p-Ibpw- AXp- ssZhØn¬- \n-∂m-sW∂v- ]dbp-Ibp-

am-Wv- ssIkv-Xh k` sNbv-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv.-

k`bp-sS Cu- \n-e]m-Sn-s\ hn-ip-≤ Jp¿-B≥- iIv-Xam-bn- A]

e]n-°p-∂p-≠v.- "kz-¥w- ssIIƒ-s°m-≠v- KŸw- Fgp-Xn-bp-≠m

°p-Ibpw- F∂n- v- AXv- A√m-lp-hn¬- \n-∂v- e`n-®Xm-sW∂v- ]dbp-

Ibpw- sNøp-∂h¿-°m-Ip-∂p- \m-iw..-- AXp- ap-tJ\ hn-e Ip-d™

t\´ßƒ- Ickv-Yam-°m≥- th≠n-bm-Ip-∂p- (Ahcn-Xv- sNøp-∂Xv).-

Ahcp-sS ssIIƒ- Fgp-Xn-b hIbn-epw- Ah¿- kºm-Zn-°p-∂

hIbn-epw- Ah¿-°v- \m-iw.'-1

ssZhm-hXo¿-Wam-b thZKŸßsf AhKWn-®p-sIm-≠v- -P\

ßƒ-°\p-krXam-bn- \n-baßfp-≠m-°p-∂ blq-Z˛ssIkvX

h]u-tcm-ln-Xy-sØ Jp¿-B≥- iIv-Xam-b m-jbn¬- hn-a¿-in-°p

∂p: "thZ°m-tc,- \n-ßsf¥n-\m-Wv- kXy-sØ AkXy-hp-am-bn-

Iq- n-°e¿-Øp-Ibpw- Adn-™p-sIm-≠v- kXyw- ad®p-sh°p-Ibpw-

sNøp-∂Xv?'-2

"thZhm-Iyßsf Ahbp-sS kv-Ym-\ßfn¬- \n-∂v- Ah¿- sX‰n-

°p-∂p.- Ah¿-°v- D¬t_m-[\w- \¬-Is∏´Xn¬- Hcp- m-Kw- Ah¿-

ad∂p-Ifbp-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp.-'-3

"Rßƒ- In-kv-Xym-\n-Ifm-Wv- F∂p- ]d™hcn¬- \n-∂pw- \mw-

Icm-dv- hm-ßp-Ibp-≠m-bn.- F∂n-´v- Ah¿-°v- D¬-t_m-[\w- \¬I

s∏´Xn¬- \n-∂v- Hcp- m-Kw- Ah¿- ad∂p-If™p.- AXn-\m¬- Ah¿-

°n-Sbn¬- Dbn¿-sØgp-t∂¬-∏n-s≥-d \mƒ-htc°pw- iXp-Xbpw-

hn-tZz-jhpw- \mw- Cf°n-hn-´p.- Ah¿- sNbv-Xp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xn-

s\∏‰n-sb√mw- A√m-lp- ]n-∂o-Shsc ]d™dn-bn-°p-∂Xm-Wv'.--4

Jp¿-B\S°w- \m-ep- thZßfp-sS t]cp-am-Xsa Jp¿-B\n¬-

]kv-Xm-hn-®n- p-≈p-sh¶n-epw- AXn-e[n-Iw- thZKŸßƒ- AhX

cn-∏n-°s∏ń-cn-°m-\p-≈ km-[y-Xbn-te°v- Jp¿-B≥- kq-N\ \¬-

1. Jp¿-B≥- 3: 782. dh: F.-kn.- t¢bo-‰s≥-d "ss__nƒ \n-L≠p-'- t\m-°p-I

1. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 792. Jp¿-B≥- 3: 713. Jp¿-B≥- 5: 134. Jp¿-B≥- 5: 14



Ip∂p-s≠∂ Im-cyw- ap-ºp- kq-Nn-∏n-®p-ht√m.- "Hcp- Xm-°o-Xp-Imc≥-

Ign-™p-t]m-Im-Ø Hscm-‰ kap-Zm-bhp-an-√'-1 F∂ Jp¿-B\n-I

]kv-Xm-h\ ]Im-cw- ]p-cm-X\ Im-ew- ap-X¬- Xs∂ a\p-jy-hmk

ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂ C¥y-bn-epw- ]hm-NI∑m¿- IS∂p-h∂n-cn-°Ww.-

Nn-esc¶n-epw- thZKŸßƒ- \¬-Is∏´hcm-bn-cn-°Ww.- ln-µp-

aXkm-ln-Xy-ßfn¬- G‰hpw- ]m-am-Wn-Iam-bn- KWn-°s∏Sp-∂

\m-ep- thZkw-ln-XItfm- A\p-_\v-[KŸßtfm- \q-dp- iXam\w-

ssZhn-Iam-sW∂v- ]dbm≥- Ahbp-sS A\p-bm-bn-Isf∂hImi

s∏Sp-∂h¿- t]m-epw- k∂≤am-hn-s√∂p-d∏m-Wv.- Ahbv-°IØv-

AXn-∂p- am-Xw- A‘hn-izm-kßfp-≠v.- thZkw-ln-XIfn¬-

]YaKW\o-bam-b EtKz-ZØn-se ][m-\s∏´ ]Xn-]m-Zyw- C¥y

bn-se ]p-cm-X\\n-hm-kn-Ifm-b Zm-hn-Ucpw- ]n-∂o-Sn-tßm-´v- Ip-Sn

tbdn-b Bcy-∑m-cpw- XΩn-ep-≠m-b kw-L´\ßfm-Wv. bPp¿thZ

Øn-se ]Xn-]m-Zyw- tlm-aßfpw- bm-Kßfpw- a¥ßfp-am-Wv.- km

athZw- EtKz-ZØn-se Nn-e kq-Iv-Xßfp-sS Bh¿-Ø\am-Wv.-

B`nNm-cI¿-aßfpw- a¥X¥ßfp-am-Wv- AY¿-∆thZØn-s≥d

D≈S°w.- Chsb√mw- Ahn-iz-k\o-bßfm-b A\h[n- A‘hn

izm-kßfm¬- \n-_n-Vam-Wv.- thZßfn-epw- D]\n-jØp-Ifn-epw-

a‰pw- Im-Ws∏Sp-∂ GIssZhhn-izm-kw- tZym-Xn-∏n-°p-∂ kq-IvX

ßfn¬- Nn-eh `m-cXo-b]hm-NI∑m¿-°v- AhXcn-∏n-°s∏´

thZKŸßfp-sS Bibapƒ-s°m-≈p-∂Xm-sW∂v- \ym-bam-bpw-

\ap-°v- A\p-am-\n-°mw.-

]t£,- ]kv-Xp-X GIssZhhn-izm-ksØt∏m-epw- \n-jv

êam-°m-\p-XIp∂ hn-izm-km-Nm-cßfp-sS hn-hcWßƒ- thtZm-

]\n-jØp-Iƒ- Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Ah ]q¿-Wam

bpw- ssZhn-Iam-sW∂v- ]dbp-I km-[y-a√.- ChbpsS Zn-hy-Xz

sØ°p-dn-®v- sslµh ]fin-X∑m¿-°n-Sbn¬- \n-e\n¬-°p-∂ X¿

°w- C∂pw- Xp-S¿-∂p- sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ibp-am-Wv'.-2

Cßs\,- ap-ºv- AhXcn-∏n-°s∏´ thZKŸßsf√mw- Xncp-

Øs∏Sp-Itbm- ad®p-sh°s∏Sp-Itbm- sNbv-Xt∏m-gm-Wv- ]S®

Xºp-cm-≥- Ahkm-\sØ thZKŸw- AhXcn-∏n-®Xv.- ]p-tcm-lnX

∑m¿- ad®p-sh® ssZhn-I\n-baßƒ- shfns∏Sp-Øp-Ibpw- Ah¿-

]bm-k]q¿-Wam-°n-b aX\n-baßƒ- eLq-Icn-°p-Ibpw- sNbXp-

sIm-≠m-Wv- hn-ip-≤Jp-¿-B≥- AhXo¿-Wam-bXv.- "thZ°mtc,-

thZKŸØn¬- \n-∂v- \n-ßƒ- ad®p-sh®psIm-≠n-cp-∂ ]eXpw-

\n-ßƒ-°v-- shfn-s∏Sp-Øn-Ø∂p-sIm-≠v- \Ωp-sS Zq-X≥- \n-ßfpsS

ASp-Øv- h∂n-cn°p-∂p.- ]eXpw- At±lw- am-∏m-°p-Ibpw- sNøp

∂p.- \n-ßƒ-°n-Xm- A√m-lphn-¶¬- \n-∂v- Hcp- ]Im-ihpw- hy-Iv

Xam-b Hcp- KŸhpw- h∂n-cn-°p-∂p.'1

ap-lΩZv- \_n-°v- \m¬-]Xp- hb p-≈t∏m-gm-Wv- Jp¿-B\ns‚-

AhXcWam-cw- n-®Xv.- a°bn-se ln-dm-Kp-lbn¬- At±lw- [ym\

\n-cX\m-bn-cn-°p-tºm-gm-Wv- Pn-_v-co¬- Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d BZy-kqIv-

Xßƒ- ]hm-NI∂v- ap-ºn¬- Hm-Xn-t°ƒ-∏n-®Xv.- ]kv-Xp-X hN\

ßfp-sS km-can-Xm-Wv.- "krjv-Sn-®h\m-b \n-s≥-d c£n-Xm-hn-s≥d

\m-aØn¬- hm-bn-°p-I.- a\p-jy-s\ Ah≥- `q-WØn¬- \n-∂v-

krjv-Sn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- \o- hm-bn-°p-I.- \n-s≥-d c£n-Xm-hv- t]\sIm

≠v- ]Tn∏n-®h\m-b G‰hpw- hen-b Hu-Zm-cy-hm-\m-Ip-∂p.- a\pjy-

\v- Adn-bm-ØXv- Ah≥- ]Tn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.-'- hn-ip-≤ Jp¿-B\nse

96˛mw- A[ym-bØn-se H∂p- ap-XX¬- A©p-hsc kq-Iv-XßfsX

CXv.-

Jp¿-B\n¬- BsI 114 A[-ym-b(kq-dØv-)ßfm-Wp-≈Xv.- aq

t∂m- Iq-Sp-Xtem- kq-Iv-X(BbØv)ßƒ- tN¿-∂ kz-X¥`mK

ßfm-Wv- A[-ym-bßƒ.- Jp¿-B\n-se G‰hpw- hen-b A[-ymb-

amb kq-dØp¬- _Jdbn¬- 286 kq-Iv-Xßfm-Wp-≈Xv.- Htcm- kqd

Øn-\pw- Htcm- ]tXy-I t]cp-Iƒ- \¬-In-bn-´p-≠v.- Nn-e A[ymb

ßƒ- H∂n-tesd t]cp-Ifn-epw- Adn-bs∏Sp-∂p.- Jp¿-B≥- A[ym

bßsf Ahbp-sS AhXcW IaØn-s≥-d ASn-kv-Ym-\Øn¬-

][m-\am-bpw- c≠mbn- Xcw-Xn-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- lnPv-dbv-°p- ap-ºv-

AhXcn-® A[-ym-bßƒ- a°n- kq-dØp-Isf∂pw- ln-Pv-d°v-

tijw- AhXcn-®h aZ\n- kq-dØp-Isf∂pw- Adn-bs∏Sp-∂p.-

Ccp-]Øn-aq-∂v- kw-h¬-kcßƒ-°p-≈n¬- hXy-kv-Xßfm-b

Ahkcßfn-em-Wv- Jp¿-B\n-Ikq-Iv-Xßƒ- AhXo¿-Wam-bXv.-

kµ¿-`ßƒ-°pw- Ahkcßƒ-°p-sam-Øv- ]t_m-[nX kaql1. Jp¿-B≥- 35: 242. Iq-Sp-X¬- ]T\Øn-\v- Cu- teJIs≥-d "sslµhX,- [¿-Ωhpw- Z¿-i\hpw'-

hm-bn-°p-I 1. Jp¿-B≥- 5: 15



sØ ]Sn-]Sn-bm-bn- D¬-_p-≤cm-°n-s°m-≠m-Wv- Jp¿-B\n-se kq

Iv-Xßƒ- AhXcn-∏n-°s∏´Xv.- AXn-\m¬- AXn-s≥-d \nba\n¿-

tZißƒ- Ah AhXcn°p-∂ IaØn¬- Xs∂ ]m-tbm-Kn-Iam-

°p-hm-\pw- km-[n-®p.- Jp¿B≥- AhXcn-®p- Ign-™t∏mƒ- AX\p-

kcn-®v- Po-hn-Xw- \bn-°p-∂ Hcp- kaq-lw- Iq-Sn- hf¿-∂p-h∂n-cp∂p.-

hy-Xy-kv-X Ahkcßfn¬- AhXo¿-Wam-b kq-Iv-Xßfp-sS

kºq¿-Wam-b km-cw- a\ n-em-°Wsa¶n-¬- Ah AhXcn-∏n-

°s∏´ Ahkcw- Iq-Sn- ]cn-KWn-°Wsa∂v- ]dbm-\p-≈ ImcW

an-Xm-Wv.- AhXo¿-Wam-Ip-∂ kq-Iv-Xßƒ- GXp- kq-dØn¬- GXp-

kv-Ym-\Øm-Wv- tN¿-t°≠sX∂v- ]hm-NI≥- A\p-Nc∑m¿-°v-

hy-Iv-Xam-b \n¿-tZiw- \¬-In-bn-cp-∂p.-

AhXcn-]n-°s∏Sp-∂ Jp¿B≥- kq-Iv-Xßƒ- tcJs∏Sp-Øm≥-

\_n-(k) GXm-\pw- A\p-Nc∑m-sc ]tXy-Iam-bn- G¬-]n-®n-cp∂p.-

A°m-eØv- Fgp-Xm-\p-]tbm-Kn-®n-c∂ ]\tbm-e,- F√p-Iƒ,- tXm

ev,- ac∏eI,- an-\p-kap-≈ ]√p-Iƒ- F∂n-hbn-em-bn-cp-∂p- Ah¿-

Jp¿-B≥- kq-Iv-Xßƒ- Fgp-Xn-sh®n-cp-∂Xvv.- Jp¿B≥- kq-IvX

ßƒ- AhXcn-°p-∂Xn-\\p-kcn-®v- Ah a\x-]m-Tam-°n-bn-cp-∂

klm-_n-Ifp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- F∂m¬- ]hm-NIs≥-d Po-hn-XIm-

eØv- Jp¿-B≥- KŸcq-]Øn¬- kam-lcn-®n-cp-∂n-√.- At±lØn

s≥-d Po-hn-Xm¥yw- hsc Jp¿-B≥- kq-Iv-Xßƒ- AhXcn-∏n-

°s∏Sm≥- km-[y-Xbp-s≠∂ ]Xo-£bn-em-bn-cp-∂p- A∂v- AXv-

tIm-Uo-Icn-°m-Xn-cp-∂Xv.-

]hm-NIhn-tbm-KØn-\p-tijw-,- H∂mw- Jeo- bm-b A_q_

°dn-(d)s≥-d Im-eØv- aX`jv-Scp-am-bn- bam-abn¬-sh®p- \S∂

bp-≤Øn¬- Jp¿-B≥- a\x-]m-Tam-°n-bn-cp-∂ Ip-sdtbsd alØp

°ƒ- cIv-Xkm-£n-Ifm-bn.- At∏mƒ- Dadp-_v-\p¬- JØm-_n-s≥d

\n¿-tZi]Im-cw- A_q-_°¿- (d) Jp¿-B≥- tIm-Uo-Icn-°m≥-

Xo-cp-am-\n-®p.- Jp-¿-B≥- kq-£v-aam-bpw- ]q¿-Wam-bpw- lrZn-kv-Yam

°nbn-cp-∂ sskZp-_v-\p- km-_n-Øn-s\bm-Wv- Cu- IrXyw- At±

lw- G¬-]n-®Xv.- sskZv- kam-lcn-®v- Hcp- KŸØn-s≥-d N´°qSn

¬- HXp-°n-b Jp-¿-B\n-s≥-d BZy-sØ tIm-∏n- A_q-_°¿- (d)

kq-£n-®p.- Ckv-emw- \m-\m-Zn-°p-Ifn-te°pw- ]Ncn-®t∏mƒ- hyXy-

kv-X ]tZißfn¬- ssieo-hy-Xym-kØn-\\p-kcn-®v- Jp¿-B≥-

]m-cm-bWØn¬- Nn-e kz-ct`Zßƒ- I≠p-Xp-Sßn-.- CXv- ]cn-lcn-

°m-\m-bn- aq-∂mw- Jeo- bm-bn-cp-∂ Dkv-am≥- (d) \m-ev- ]ap-J∑m

sc Jp¿-B≥- ]I¿-∏p-Ifp-≠m-°m≥- Np-Xes∏Sp-Øn.- A_q_

°dn-s≥-d Im-eØv- tIm-Uo-Icn-°s∏´ Jp¿-B≥- tIm-∏n-sb Ah

ew-_am-°n-bpw- AXp- sNbv-X sskZv-_p-\p-km-_n-Øn-s≥-d ta¬-

t\m-´Øn-ep-am-bn-cp-∂p ]kv-Xp-X tIm-∏n-Ifp-sS \n¿-am-Ww- \S

∂Xv.- B tIm-∏n-Ifn-sem-∂v- Dkv-am≥- (d) kq-£n-°p-Ibpw- a‰p-

aq-s∂Æw- Iq- ,- _kd,- imw- F∂n-hn-Sßfn-te°v- Ab°p-Ibpw-

sNbv-Xp.- Cu- ]Xn-Ifn-sem-∂v- Xm-jv-°≥-dn-se Dkv-_°v- NcnX

ayq-kn-bØn¬- C∂pw- kq-£n-®p-s®n- p-≠v.- ]kv-Xp-X tIm∏n-bpam-

bn- bm-sXm-cp- hy-Xym-khpw- ]p-e¿-Øm-ØXm-Wv- C∂p-]tbm-Kn°

s∏Sp-∂ Jp¿-B≥- tIm-∏n-Isf√mw- Xs∂.

AhXcn-∏n-°s∏´ cq-]Øn¬- \n-e\n¬-°p-∂ GI thZKŸw-

Jp¿-B\sX.- AXn¬- ssIISØep-Itfm- am-‰Øn-cp-Øep-Itfm-

D≠m-bn- n-s√∂Xn-\v- Ncn-Xw- km-£n-bm-Wv.- Jp¿B\n-s≥-d BZy-

Im-ew- ap-X¬-°p-Xs∂bp-≈ \n-e\n¬-∏v- AXn¬- Fs¥¶n-epw-

co-Xn-bn-ep-≈ ssIISØep-Iƒ- h∂p- `hn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-hm≥-

]tXy-Iw- kw-c£Wap-≈ co-Xn-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p.- a‰p- thZKŸß

sft∏m-se GXm-\pw- Nn-e hy-Iv-Xn-Ifn¬- ]cn-an-Xam-bn-cp-∂n-√-

Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d D]tbm-Kw-.- ap-kv-enw- kaq-lØn¬- hym-]Iam-bpw-

]cky-am-bpw- D]tbmKn-°s∏ń-cp-∂ KŸam-bn-cp-∂p- AXv.- Znt\

\bp-≈ A©p- \akv-Im-cßfn-epw- cm-Xn-bn-ep-≈ \akv-Im-cØn

epw- Jp¿-B≥- Bh¿-Øn-®p- ]m-cm-bWw- sNøs∏´p-sIm-≠n-cn°p-

∂p.- BZy-Im-ew- ap-X¬-°n-∂p-hscbp-≈ ap-kv-en-w-Isf√mw- Xßfp

sS aXkm-aq-ly-cw-Kßfnse \n-bam-henbm-bn- kzo-Icn-°p-∂

KŸam-WXv.- AXp-sIm-≠v- Xs∂ AXn¬- Bsc¶n-epw- h√ Xncp-

Øep-Ifpw- hcp-Øn-bm¬- Xs∂ AXn-io-Lw- I≠p-]n-Sn-°s∏Spw.-

tem-Im-hkm-\w- hsc am-‰Øn-cp-Øp-Isfm-∂pw- Iq-Sm-sX Jp¿-B\n

se ap-gp-h≥- hN\ßfpw- kw-c£n-°p-sa∂ _m-[y-X A√m-lp-

Gs‰Sp-ØXp- sIm-≠p-Xs∂ AXn¬- Fs¥¶n-epw- co-Xn-bn-ep-

≈ Xn-cp-Øp-Iƒ- hcm≥- km[y-Xbn-s√∂m-Wv- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- hniz-

kn-°p-∂Xvv- A√m-lp- ]dbp-∂Xm-bn- Jp¿-B≥- D≤cn-°p-∂Xv-

ImWp-I: "Xo¿-®bm-bpw- \m-am-Wv- B D¬-t_m-[\w- AhXcn-∏n-



®Xv.- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- \mw- Xs∂ AXn-s\ Im-Øp-kq-£n-°∂Xp

amWv.'-1

Jp¿-B\m-Wv- Ckv-em-an-s≥-d- H∂m-asØ ]am-Ww.- AXn-se

\n-bakw-ln-Xb\p-kcn-®m-Wv- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- Po-hn-t°≠Xvv.- Jp¿

B≥- ]Zm\w-sNøp-∂ \n-baßƒ- km¿hIm-en-Ihpw- km¿-heu-

In-Ihp-am-Wv.- A¥y-\mƒ-hscbp-≈ ap-gp-h≥- a\p-jy¿-°p-ap-≈

am¿-KZ¿-iI KŸasX AXv.- AXv- Hcp- thZKŸsa∂t]m-se

ap-lΩZv- \_n-bp-sS ]hm-NIXz-Øn-\p-≈ Zrjv-Sm-¥w- Iq-Sn-bmWv.-

AXn-s≥d APøXbpw- AXyp-∂Xn-bpw- AXv- ssZhØn¬- \n∂p-

≈Xm-sW∂v- hy-Iv-Xam-°p-∂p.-

ap-ºp-≈ thZKŸßfp-sS kXy-Xbn¬- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂tXm

sSm-∏w- ]q¿-Wcq-]Øn¬- C∂p- \n-e\n¬-°p-∂ GIthZKŸam

b hn-ip-≤Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d hn-[n-hn-e°p-Iƒ-°\p-kcn-®v- kz-Pohn

Xw- Nn-´s∏Sp-tØ≠Xv- Hm-tcm- hn-iz-kn-bp-sSbpw ISabm-Wv.-

]hm-NI∑m-cn-ep-≈ hn-izm-kw-

km-aq-ln-IPo-hn-bm-b a\p-jy-\v- Ahs≥-d P∑hm-k\tbm- B¿-

Pn-Xam-b Adn-thm- am-Xw- ASn-kv-Ym-\am-°n- Po-hn-°p-hm≥- km[y-

as√∂p- \ap-°dn-bmw.- Ah∂v- ssZhn-Iam-b am¿-K\n¿tZiß

fm-hiy-am-Wv.- \∑sbbpw- Xn-∑sbbpw- hy-Iv-Xam-bn- hy-htOZn®dn-

bm≥- am-\hcm-in-bp-sS ssIhiw- ssZhn-Iam¿-KZ¿-i\sa∂ Af

hp-tIm¬- am-Xam-Wp-≈Xv.- ]kv-Xp-X hn-[n-hn-e°p-Ifp-am-bm-Wv-

thZKŸßƒ- AhXcn-∏n-°s∏´Xv.- shdp-sX thZKŸßfhX

cn-∏n-°p-I am-Xa√ ]S®Xºp-cm≥- sNbv-XXv.- thZXØ-z-ßf\pk

cn-®v- Fßs\ Po-hn-°Wsa∂v- ]Tn-∏n-°m≥- Ah≥- ]hm-NI∑m

sc Ab®p. ssZhnI- hn-[n-hn-e°p-Iƒ- Xn-I®pw- ]m-tbm-Kn-Iam

sW∂v- kz-Po-hn-XØn-eq-sS sXfn-bn-®hcm-Wv- ]hm-NI∑m≥.-

]S®Xºp-cm-s≥d am¿-K\n¿-tZi]Im-cw- Po-hn-°p-I Zp-jv-Icam

sW∂v- a\p-jy-\v- ]dbm-\p-≈ Ahkcw- \¬-Im-Ø hn-[Øn-em

Wv- ]hm-NI∑m-cp-sS \n-tbm-Kap-≠m-bn-´p-≈Xv.-

F∂m¬,- F°m-esØbpw- Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒ- ]hm-NI∑m-sc

\n-tj[n-°p-∂Xn-\v- X°Xm-b \ym-bw- Is≠Øn-bn-cp-∂p.-A√m

lp- a\p-jy-sc t\¿-am¿-KØnem-°p-hm≥- th≠n- ]hm-NI\m-bn-

F¥p-sIm-s≠m-cp- ae°n-s\ ]d™b°p-∂n-√ F∂m-bn-cp-∂p-

]kv-Xp-X \ym-bhm-Zßfn-sem-∂v.- A¥y-]hm-NI\m-b ap-lΩZv-

\_n-bp-sS Im-eØpw- kXy-\n-tj[n-Iƒ- ]kv-Xp-X hm-Zap-∂bn

°p-Ibp-≠m-bn.- Jp¿-B≥- ]dbp-∂Xv- t\m-°p-I: "Cbm-fp-sS ta¬-1. Jp¿-B≥- 15: 9

Hº-X-v

134


Hcp- ae°v- Cd°s∏SØsX¥m-sW∂pw- Ah¿- ]dbp-Ibp-≠m

bn.- F∂m¬- \mw- ae°n-s\ Cd°n-bn-cp-∂p-sh¶n¬- Im-cyw- (A¥n-

aam-bn-) Xo-cp-am-\n-°s∏Sp-am-bn-cp-∂p-.- ]n-∂o-Sh¿-°v- kabw- \o-

ń-°n-´p-ambn-cp-∂n-√.- C\n- \mw- Hcp- ae°n-s\ (Zq-X\m-bn) \n-iv-

Nbn-°p-Ibm-sW¶n¬- Xs∂ B ae°n-s\bpw- \mw- ]p-cp-jcq]

Øn-em-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p.- (C∂v-) Ah¿- Bib°p-g∏ap-≠m-°p-∂

hn-jbØn¬- (At∏m-gpw-) \mw- Ah¿-°v- kw-ibap-≠m-°p-

∂XmWv'-1

"(\_n-tb-) ]dbp-I: `q-an-bn-ep-≈Xv- im¥cm-bn- \S∂p-t]m-

Ip-∂ ae°p-Ifm-bn-cp-s∂¶n¬- Ahcn-te°v- BIm-iØp-\n-∂v-

Hcp- ae°n-s\Øs∂ \mw- Zq-X\m-bn- Cd°p-am-bn-cp-∂p.-'-2 `q-an-

bn¬- Po-hn-°p-∂Xv- a\p-jy-cm-sW∂Xn-\m¬- Chn-tS°v- ssZhn-

I hn[n-hn-e°p-Iƒ- ]Tn-∏n-°p-hm≥- \n-bp-Iv-Xcm-th≠Xv- a\p-jy¿-

Xs∂bm-sW∂ hkv-Xp-X hy-Iv-Xam-°p-IbmWn-hn-sS Jp¿-B≥-

sNøp-∂Xvv-.-

a\p-jy-cn¬- \n-∂v- Xcs™Sp-Øb® ]hm-NI∑m-sc∂ Ckv

em-an-Ik¶¬-]Øn-\p- ]Icw- ]S®Xºp-cm≥- Xs∂ PUw- kzo

Icn-®v- `q-anbn-te°n-dßn-h∂v- a\p-jy-sc [¿-aØn¬- hgn-\SØp-

Ibm-Wv- sNøp-∂sX∂ Hcp- hn-izm-khpw- Nn-e P\hn-`m-ßfn¬-

\n-e\n¬-°p-∂p-≠v.- ln-µpaXØn-se AhXm-ck¶¬-]Øn-s≥d

ASn-kv-Ym-\w- Cu- hn-izm-kasX.- KhZv-Ko-Xbn-se kp-]kn≤am

b Irjv-tWm-]tZi]Im-cw- "[¿-aØn-\v- £bw-kw-`hn-°p-Ibpw-

A[¿-aw- ]_eam-hp-Ibpw- sNøptºmƒ- kPv-P\ßsf c£n°p-

Ibpw- Zp-jv-S∑m-sc in-£n-°p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp-sIm-≠v- [¿-aw- kvYm-

]n-°p-hm-\m-bn- `Khm≥- a\p-jy-cq-]w- ]q-≠Xm-Wv- AhXm-cw.-'-3

ln-µp-aX ]fin-X∑m-cn-sem-cm-fm-b io.- Achn-µ al¿-jn- ]dbp

∂Xv- "\mw- Xm-sg\n-∂v- F¥m-bn hn-Ikn-°Wtam- AXn-s\ apI

fn¬- \n-∂v- sFiz-cy- iIv-Xn- Bhn-jv-Icn-®p- Im-Wn-°p-∂XmWv-

AhXm-cw'-4 F∂m-Wv.- ][m-\am-bpw- ]Øv- AhXm-cßfm-Wp-

≈sX∂m-Wv- ln-µp-aX hn-izm-kw.- a¬-kyw,- Iq¿-aw,- hcm-lw,-

\cknw-lw,- hm-a\≥,- ]cip-cm-a≥,- io-cm-a≥,- io-Irjv-W≥,- _e

cm-a≥,- I¬-°n- F∂n-hcm-Wh.- CXn¬- I¬-°n-sbm-gn-®v- _m°n-

AhXm-cßsf√mw- tem-IØv- [¿-akw-kv-Ym-]\w- km-[n-®p-sh∂pw-

Ien-bp-KØn¬- Ahkm-\sØ AhXm-cam-b I¬-°n- IS∂p-hcp-

sa∂p-am-Wv- sslµh¿- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂Xv.-

ssZhØn-s≥-d hn-ip-≤krjv-Sn-Ifm-b ae°p-Iƒ- ssZhZq-X∑m-

cm-bn- hcp-tºm-gp-≈ A]m-IX Xs∂ kjv-Sm-hm-b ssZhw- PUw-

cq-]w- kzo-Icn-°p-tºm-gp-ap-≠m-hp-∂p.- ssZhw- ]cn-ip-≤\pw- sX‰p-

]‰m-Øh\pw- Zp¿-_ehnIm-cßƒ-°v- hiw-hZ\m-Im-Øh\p-am-Wv.-

hn-Im-cßfpw- hn-Nm-cßfp-ap-≈,- sX‰pw- icn-bpw- sNøm≥- Ahkc

ap-≈,- ]cn-ip-≤\pw- ]XnX\p-am-Im≥- km-[n-°p-∂ a\p-jy-\v-

ssZhw- am-XrI Im-Wn-°p-∂sXßs\bm-Wv?- Hcp-ZmlcWw:

ssZhØn-\v- £Wam-hiy-an-√.- a\p-jy-\v- £Wan-√m-sX Pohn-

°p-hm-\m-In-√.- ssZh]o-Xn-°p-th≠n- D]hkn-°Wsa∂p-]tZin

°p-∂ ssZhm-hXm-ctØm-Sv- P\ßƒ-°v- Xn-cn-®p- tNm-Zn-°mw: "Xm

¶ƒ-°v- `£Wan-√m-sX FXIm-ehpw- Ign-bm-\m-Ipw.- Rßƒ-

°Xn-\m-hn-√.- AXp-sIm-≠v- D]hkn-°m≥- Rßƒ-°v- Ign-bn-√'.-

AhXm-ck¶¬-]Øn-s≥-d A]cym-]v-XXbm-Wn-hn-sS \ap-°v-

t_m-[y-am-Ip-∂Xv-; Ckv-em-an-se ]hm-NIk¶¬-]Øn-s≥-d bpIv-

Xn-`ZXbpw.-

CtX sshcp-[-y-am-Wv- "PU-Øn-ehXcn-®'- ssZhw- Xs∂bmWv-

tbip-In-kv-Xp-sh∂ ssIkv-Xhhn-izm-kØn-\pw- h∂p-`hn-°p

∂Xv.- In-kv-Xp-hn¬- ssZhkz- m-hhpw- a\p-jy-kz- m-hhpw- ktΩfn-

°p-∂p-sh∂ ssIkv-Xhhn-izm-kØn-\\p-krXam-bn- kphnti

jßfn-se tbip-hn-s≥-d kz- m-hßsf hym-Jym-\n-°p-∂Xn¬- k`

]cm-Pbs∏Sp-∂Xpw- Cu- sshNn-Xyw -sIm-≠m-Wv.- ssZhsam-cn°

epw- am-\p-j-cq-]w- ]q-≠n-ń-s√∂ Ckv-em-an-Ihn-izm-kØn-s≥-d

A]am-Zn-Xz-am-Wv- Chn-sSbpw- \ap-°v- t_m-[y-am-Ip∂Xv.-

ssZh\n-bp-Iv-Xcm-b F√m- ]hm-NI∑mcn-epw- hn-iz-knt°≠Xv-

Hm-tcm- kXy-hn-izm-kn-bp-sSbpw- \n¿-_\v-[am-b _m-[y-Xbm-Wv.-

Nn-e ]hm-NI∑m-cn¬- am-Xw- hn-iz-kn-®p-sIm-≠v- a‰p-≈hsc \n

tj[n-°p-∂ thZ°m-cn¬- Nn-ecp-sS \S]Sn-sb iIv-Xam-b `mj

bn¬- Jp¿-B≥- hn-a¿-in-°p-∂p.- am-Xha√ kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ-

1. Jp¿-B≥- 6: 8, 92. Jp¿-B≥- 17: 953. `KhXv-Ko-X 4: 7,- 84. Sri Aravind: The Message of Gita; Page 58

136 ]hm-NI∑m-cn-ep-≈ hn-izm-kw- 137


bm-sXm-cp- Im-cWhim-epw- ]hm-NI∑m¿-°n-Sbn¬- hn-thN\w-

I¬-∏n-°m≥- ]m-Sn-s√∂v- Jp¿-B≥- \njv-I¿-jn-°p-Ibpw- sNøp∂p-

≠v.- "\n-ßƒ- ]dbp-I: A√m-lp-hn-epw- Ah¶¬\n-∂v- Rßƒ-°v-

AhXcn-∏n-®p- In-ń-bXn-epw- C_v-dm-lo-an-\pw- Ckv-am-Cu-en-\pw-

Ckvlm-Jn\pw- bAv-Jq-_n-\pw- bAv-Jq-_v- k¥Xn-Iƒ-°pw- AhX

cn∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-ØXn-epw- aq-km,- Cu-km- F∂n-h¿-°v- \¬-Is∏´Xn-

epw- k¿-h]hm-NI∑m¿-°pw- Ahcp-sS c£n-Xm-hn-¶¬- \n-∂v-

\¬Is∏´Xn-epw- Rßƒ- hn-iz-kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- Ahcn¬- B¿°n-

Sbnepw- Rßƒ- hn-thN\w- I¬-∏n-°p-∂n-√.- Rßƒ- Ah∂v-

(A√m-lp-hn-\v-) Io-gv-s∏´v- Po-hn-°p-∂hcp-am-Ip-∂p.'-1

"A√m-lp-hn-epw- Ahs≥-d Zq-X∑m-cn-epw- Ahn-iz-kn-°p-Ibpw-

(hn-izm-kIm-cy-Øn¬-) A√m-lp-hn-\pw- Ahs≥d Zq-X∑m¿-°p-anS

bn¬- hn-thN\w- I¬-∏n-°m-\m-Kln-°p-Ibpw- "Rßƒ- Nn-ecn¬-

hn-iz-kn-°p-Ibpw- Nn-esc \n-tj[n-°p-Ibpw- sNøp-∂p'-sh∂v-

]dbp-Ibpw- Aßs\ AXn-\n-Sbn¬- (hn-izm-kØn-\pw- Ahn-izm

kØn-\pan-Sbn¬-) as‰m-cp- am¿-Kw- kzo-Icn-°m-\p-t±in-°p-Ibpw-

sNøp-∂hcm-tcm- Ah¿- Xs∂bm-Ip-∂p bYm¿-Y-Øn¬- kXy-\n-

tj[n-Iƒ.- kXy-\n-tj[n-Iƒ-°v- A]am-\Icam-b in-£ \mw-

Hcp-°n-sh®n-´p-≠v'-2

a\p-jy-sc t\¿-am¿-KØn-te°v- £Wn-°p-Ibm-bn-cp-∂p- ]hm

NI∑m-cp-sS I¿-Øhyw-.- ssZhn-Ihn-[n-hn-e°p-Iƒ- ]n≥-]‰n-s°m

≠v- hn-ip-≤am-b Po-hn-Xw- \bn-®m¬- Cltem-IØv- im-¥n-bpw-

]ctem-IØv- ku-Jy-hp-ap-≠m-Ip-sa∂pw- Ahsb AhKWn-®p-

sIm-≠v- X∂n-jv-SØn-s≥-d ]m-Xbn¬- k©cn-®m¬- ClØn¬-

\n-cm-ibpw- acWm-\¥cw- imiz-Xam-b \cIin-£bp-am-Wv- e`n°p-

Isb∂pw- ap-∂dn-bn-∏p- \¬-Ip-hm≥- th≠n-bm-Wv- ]hm-NI∑m¿-

\nbp-Iv-Xcm-bXv.- kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ-°v- kt¥m-jhm-¿-Øbpw-

kXy-\n-tj[n-Iƒ-°v- Xm-°o-Xpw- \¬-Ip-Ibm-bn-cp-∂p ]hm-NI\n-

tbm-KØn-s≥-d e£yw-.- Jp¿-B≥- ]dbp-∂Xv- i≤n-°pI.- "a\pjy

¿- Hscm-‰ kap-Zm-bam-bn-cp-∂p.- A\¥cw- (Ah¿- `n-∂n-®t∏mƒ-

hn-izm-kn-Iƒ-°v-) kt¥m-jhm¿-Ø Adn-bn-°p-hm-\pw- (\n-tj[n

Iƒ-°v-) Xm-°o-Xv- \¬-Ip-hm-\p-am-bn- A√m-lp- ]hm-NI∑m-sc

\n-tbm-Kn-®p'-1

ssZhn-Iam¿-KZ¿-i\w- am-\hcm-in-bp-sS sam-ØØn-ep-≈ Hcp-

A\n-hm-cy-Xbm-sW∂Xn-\m¬- Xs∂ F√m- P\kaq-lßfnte

°pw- ]hm-NI∑m¿- \ntbm-Kn-°s∏ń-´p-≠v.- Jp¿-B≥- C°m-cyw-

Bh¿-Øn-®p- hy-Iv-Xam-°p-∂p-≠v.- "Xo¿-®bm-bpw- Hm-tcm- kap-Zmb

Øn-epw- \mw- Zq-Xs\ \n-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v.- \n-ßƒ- A√m-lp-hn-s\

Bcm-[n-°p-Ibpw- Zp¿-aq¿-Øn-Isf shSn-bp-Ibpw- sNøWsa∂v-

]-t_m-[\w- sNøp-∂Xn-\p- th≠n'-.-2 Hcp- Xm-°o-Xp-Im-c≥- Ign

™p-t]m-Im-Ø Hcp- kap-Zm-bhp-an-√'.-3Ckm-bo¬- Xdhm- n-te°p-

am-Xam-Wv- ]hm-NI∑m-sc√m-hcpw- IS∂p-h∂n- p-≈sX∂ blqZ

∑m-cp-sS hm-ZsØ s]m-fn-s®gp-Xp-Ibpw- Iq-Sn- sNøp-IbmWn-hnsS

Jp¿-B≥.- hy-Xy-kv-X kaq-lßfn-te°v- Ab°s∏´ ]hmNI

∑m¿-°v- P\ßfp-sS m-jbn-em-bn-cp-∂p- ssZhn-It_m-[\w- e`n®n-

cp-∂Xv-; P\ßfp-am-bn- ]hm-NI\v- Ffp-∏Øn¬- Bibhn-\n-abw-

\SØm≥- CXv- klm-bIam-Ip-sa∂v- ]dtb≠Xn-√t√m.- Jp¿-B≥-

]dbp-∂Xv- t\m-°p-I: "bm-sXm-cp- ssZhZq-Xs\bpw- Xs≥-d P\X

bv-°v- Im-cy-ßƒ- hn-iZo-Icn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂Xn-\p-th≠n,- AhcpsS

`m-jbn¬- (ktµiw- \¬-In-s°m-≠v-) A√m-sX \mw- \n-tbm-Kn-

®n-ń-√.-'-4

Ccp-]Øn-b©v- ]hm-NI∑m-sc°p-dn-®m-Wv- Jp¿-B\n¬- ]cm

a¿-iap-≈Xv.- BZw,- \q-lv,- CZv-co-kv,- lq-Zv,- km-en-lv,- C_v-dm-low,-

Ckv-am-bo¬,- Ckv-lm-Jv,- eq-Øv,- bAv-Jq-_v,- ip-sF_v,- aq-km,-

lm-dq≥,- C¬-bm-kv,- A¬-bkAv,- Zm-hq-Zv,- bq-\p-kv,- Zp¬-In-^v¬,-

kp-sseam≥,- Aøq-_v,- k°cn-øm,- blv-bm,- Cu-km,- ap-lΩZv-

F∂n-hcm-WXv.- Chcn¬- Nn-ecp-sS Ncn-Xw- hn-iZam-bn-Øs∂

Jp¿-B≥- ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p-≠v.- F∂m¬, a‰p- Nn-esc°p-dn-®v- sNdn

b ]cm-a¿-ißƒ- am-Xam-Wp-≈Xv.- Nn-e ]hm-NI∑m-cp-sS \m

aØn-ep≈ A[ym-bßƒ- Xs∂ Jp¿-B\n-ep-≠v.- Bbn-c°W°n

\v- ]hm-NI∑m¿- \n-tbm-Kn-°s∏´Xn¬-\n-∂v- Xn-cs™Sp-Ø Nne

1. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 1362. Jp¿-B≥- 4: 150, 151

1. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 2132. Jp¿-B≥- 16: 363. Jp¿-B≥- 35: 244. Jp¿-B≥- 14: 4



ssZhZq-X∑m-sc°p-dn-®v- am-Xsa Jp¿-B≥- hn-hcn-°p-∂p-≈q-sh∂

hkv-Xp-Xbn-te°v- Jp¿-B≥- Xs∂ hn-c¬-Nq-≠p-∂Xv- t\m-°p-I.-

"\n-\°v-ap-ºv- \mw- ]e Zq-X∑m-scbpw- Ab®n- p-≠v.- Ahcn¬- Nne

sc∏‰n- \mw- \n\°v- hn-hcn-®p- X∂n-´p-≠v.- Ah-cn-¬- Nn-esc∏‰n

\mw- \n-\°v- hn-hcn-®p- X∂n-ń-√'.-1 a\p-jy¿-°v- am-XrI Im-Wn-®p-

sIm-Sp-°p-hm≥- th≠n- h∂ ]hm-NI∑m-sc√m-hcpw- am-XrIm-tbm-

Ky-am-b Po-hn-Xw- \bn-®hcm-bn-cp-∂p.- kXy-k‘cpw- k∑m¿-K\njv-

Tcp-am-bn-cp-∂p- ssZhZq-X∑m¿.- h©\tbm- Im-]Sy-tam- Ahcn-ep

≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.- C°m-cy-ßƒ- Jp¿-B≥- Bh¿-Øn-®p- hy-Iv-Xam-

°p-∂p-≠v.- "Ahsc (]hm-NI∑m-sc)bm-Wv- A√m-lp- t\¿-am¿

KØn-em-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv.- AXn-\m¬- Ahcp-sS t\¿-am¿-KsØ

\o- ]n-¥p-S¿-∂p-sIm-≈p-I.'-2

"Ahsc \mw- \Ωp-sS I¬]-\]Im-cwam¿-KZ¿-i\w- \¬-Ip∂

\m-bI∑m-cm-°p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp'.-3 "Hcp- ]hm-NI\pw- h√Xpw- h©n-

s®Sp-°p-Isb∂Xv- D≠m-hp-Ibn-√.'-4.--

hn-ip-≤ Jp¿-B≥- ]hm-NI∑m-cp-sS Ncn-Xw- ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂Xv-

Ahcp-sS am-XrIm-tbm-Ky-am-b Po-hn-Xw- hc®p-Im-Wn-°p-hm≥-

th≠n-bm-Wv.- Ncn-X IY\Øn-\pth≠n-bp--≈ Ncn-X IY\sa∂

ss__nƒssien- Jp¿-B\n-\v- A]cn-Nn-Xam-Wv.- AXv- Ncn-Xw-

]dbp-∂Xv- Ncn-XØn¬- \n-∂v- a\p-jy≥- ]m-Tapƒ-s°m-≈p-hm≥-

th≠n-bm-Wv.- AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Xßfp-sS Zp¿-hrØn-Isf \ym

bo-Icn-°p-hm≥- th≠n- ]hm-NI∑m-cp-sS Ncn-XØn¬- blq-ZnIƒ-

ISØn-°q-ń-b ]hm-NIXz-Øn-\v- Xo-sc tbm-Pn-°m-Ø \oNhr

Øn-Isf°p-dn-®v- bm-sXm-cp- kq-N\bpw- Jp¿B\n-en-√.- ktZmw-

]´WØn-se P\ßsf kXyam¿-KØn-te°v- £Wn-°phm≥-

\nbp-Iv-X\m-b ]hm-NI\m-Wv- Jp¿-B\n-I ho-£WØn¬- eqØv-

\_n-(A); ]p-Xn-am-cp-am-bn- can-® hy-Iv-Xn-b√.- cWNIw- Xncn°p-

∂tXm-sSm-∏w- Xs∂ ssZham¿-KØn¬- AScm-Sn-bn-cp-∂ alm\m-

b Hcp- ssZhZq-X\m-bn- m-Wv- Jp¿-B≥- Zm-hq-Zv- \_n(A)sb ]cnN

bs∏Sp-Øp-∂Xv; Xcp-Wn-Isf In-S∏dbn-seØn-°m-\m-bn- KqV

X¥ßƒ- ]b‰n-b cm-Pm-hm-b√.- ]hm-NI∑m-sc√m-hcpw- kXyk

‘cpw- k∑m¿-K\n-jv-Tcp-am-sW∂ Ckv-em-an-I hn-izm-kØn-\v-

]n≥-_eam-b co-Xn-bn-em-Wv- ]hm-NI∑m-cp-sS Ncn-Xw- Jp¿-B≥-

hn-hcn-°p-∂Xv.-

ap≥-Ign-™ ]hm-NI∑m-sc√m-cpw- GsX¶n-ep-sam-cp- ]tXyI

]tZiØn-tet°m- kap-Zm-bØn-tet°m- am-Xam-bn- Ab°s∏´

hcm-bn-cp-∂p.- a\p-jy¿- hy-Xy-kv-X kaq-lßfmbn- Po-hn-®n-cp-∂,-

kaq-lßƒ- XΩn¬- C∂tØXp-t]m-sebp-≈ _\v-[ßfn-√m-Xn

cp-∂ Im-eØv- AXp- am-Xam-bn-cp-∂p- ]mtbmKn-Iw.- Cu- ]hmNI

∑m-sc√m-hcpw- tem-IØn-\p- ap-gp-h≥- A\p-Klam-bn-s°m-≠v- hcm

\n-cn-°p-∂ Hcp- alm-]hm-NIs≥d BKa\sØ°p-dn-®p- ]hNn

®n-cp-∂p.- "Xßfp-sS ]°ep-≈ Xu-dm-Øn-epw- C≥-Po-en-epw- tcJ

s∏Sp-Øs∏´Xm-bn- Ah¿-°v- Is≠Øm≥- Ign-bp-∂ B A£cPv-

Rm-\an-√m-Ø ]hm-NI\m-b ssZhZq-Xs\ ]n≥-]‰p-∂h¿-°v'-1.-

Cu- ]hN\ßfn¬- Nn-eh C∂p-≈ ss__n-fn-epw- tcJs∏´p-

In-S°p-∂p-≠v.- Ahsb°p-dn-®v- \mw- ap-ºv- N¿-®sNbv-Xp-ht√m.-

GsX¶n-epw- Hcp- ]tZiØn-t\m- kap-Zm-bØn-t\m- th≠n- am

Xw- Ab°s∏´ ]hm-NI\√ ap-lΩZv- \_n- (k). At±lw- ap

gp-h≥- tem-IØn-s≥dbpw- ]hm-NI\m-Wv.- At±lØn-eq-sS

AhXcn-∏n-°s∏´ ktµißƒ- `q-an-bn-se Ahkm-\sØ a\p

jy¿- hscbp-≈ F√m-h¿-°pw- kzo-Icn-°m≥- ]‰n-bm-Xm-Wv.-

tZi`m-jm- ]cn-K-W-\Iƒ-°Xo-Xam-bn- ap-gp-h≥- a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw-

]hm-NI\m-Wv- ap-lΩZv- \_n-(k). \_n-tbm-Sv- ]dbm-\m-lzm-\w-

sNøp-∂ Hcp- Jp¿-B≥- kq-Iv-Xw- t\m-°p-I: "]dbp-I,- a\p-jytc

Xo¿-®bm-bpw- Rm≥- \n-ßƒ-s°√m-ap-≈ A√m-lp-hn-s≥-d Zq-X\m-

Ip-∂p'.-2

"\n-s∂ \mw- a\p-jy¿-°m-Iam-\w- kt¥m-jhm¿-Ø Adn-bn-

°p-∂h\pw- Xm-°o-Xv- \¬-Ip-∂h\pw- Bbn-s°m-≠v- Xs∂bmWv-

Ab®n- p-≈Xv.- ]t£,- a\p-jy-cn¬- A[n-It]cpw- Adn-bp-∂n-√'.3

]hm-NI∑m-cp-sS ]hm-NIXz-Øn-\p-≈ sXfn-hm-bn- A√m-lp-1. Jp¿-B≥- 40: 782. Jp¿-B≥- 6: 903. Jp¿-B≥- 21: 734. Jp¿-B≥- 3: 161

1. Jp¿-B≥- 7: 1572. Jp¿-B≥- 7: 1583. Jp¿-B≥- 34: 28



Ahcn-eq-sS Aam-\p-jn-IZrjvSm-¥ßƒ- shfn-s∏Sp-Øm-dp-≠v.-

Xßƒ- ssZh\n-bp-Iv-Xcm-sW∂v- ]t_m-[n-Xkaq-lsØ t_m[y-

s∏Sp-Øp-hm-\p-XIp-∂hm-bn-bn-cp-∂p- ]kv-Xp-X Zrjv-Sm-¥ßƒ-.-

aq-km-\_n-°v- \¬-In-b k¿-∏am-bn- am-dp-∂ hSn-bpw- ]Im-in-°p∂

ssI∏Øn-bpw- Cu-km-\_n- ap-tJ\ acn-®hsc Po-hn-∏n®Xpw-

A‘sc kp-Js∏Sp-Øn-bXpw- CØcw- Aam-\p-jn-IZrjvSm¥

ßƒ-°p-≈ DZm-lcWßfm-Wv.- ]kv-Xp-X Zrjv-Sm-¥ßsfm-∂pw-

]hm-NI∑m¿- Xßfp-sS kz-¥w- Ign-hp-]tbm-Kn-®v- sNbv-XXmbn-

cp-∂n-√.- A√m-lp- Ah¿-°v- A\p-aXn-bpw- \n¿-tZihpw- \¬-InbXp-

sIm-≠v- am-Xam-Wv- Ah¿-°v- Aam-\p-jn-IZrjv-Sm-¥ßƒ- sNøm≥-

Ign-™Xv.- ]hm-NI∑m¿- ]d™Xm-bn- Jp¿-B≥- D≤cn-°p-∂p.-

"A√m-lp-hn-s≥-d A\p-aXn- ]Im-ca√m-sX \n-ßƒ-°v- bm-sXmcp-

sXfn-hpw- sIm-≠p-h∂p- Xcm≥- Rßƒ-°m-hn-√.- A√m-lp-hn-s≥d

taem-Wv- hn-izm-kn-Iƒ- `cta¬-∏n-t°≠Xv.'1

A√m-lp- ]dbp-∂Xv- t\m-°p-I: "\n-\°v- ap-ºv- \mw- ]e ZqX∑m-

scbpw- Ab®n-´p-≠v.- Ahcn¬- Nn-esc \mw- \n-\°v- hn-hcn-®p-

X∂n-´p-≠v.- Ahcn¬- Nn-esc∏‰n- \mw- \n-\°v- hn-hcn-®p- X∂n-ń

√.- bm-sXm-cp- Zq-X\pw- A√m-lp-hn-s≥-d A\p-aXn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b√m-

sX Hcp- Zrjv-Sm-¥w- sIm-≠p-hcm-\m-hn-√'-2.-

Hm-tcm- ]hm-NI∂pw- Ahcp-sS Im-eL´Øn-\\p-krXam-b

Aam-\p-jn-I Zrjv-Sm-¥ßfm-Wv- \¬-Is∏Sp-Isb∂v- ]d™p

ht√m.- aq-km-\_n-bp-sS P\X am-bm-Pmeßfm¬- ap-gp-In-bhcm

bXp-sIm-≠m-Wv- kIehn-[ am-bmPm-eßsfbpw- sh√p-∂

]S®hs≥d Zrjv-Sm-¥am-b ]m-ºm-Ip-∂ hSn- At±lØn-\v- \¬-

Is∏´Xv.- sshZy-im-kv-X hn-ZKv-[cm-bn-cp-∂ Cu-km-\_n-bp-sS

P\Xbp-sS ap-ºn¬- At±lahXcn-∏n-® Aam-\p-jn-I Zrjv-Sm-

¥ßfm-bn-cp-∂p- acn-®hsc Po-hn-∏n-°epw- A‘¿-°v- Im-gv-N \¬-

Iep-sa√mw.- ]p-tcm-Kan-® B[p-\n-I sshZy-im-kv-XØn-\p-t]m-

epw- hn-iZo-Icn-°m≥- k[n-°m-Ø A¬-`p-Xkw-`ßfm-Wv- Ah.-

ap-lΩZv-\_n-bp-sS P\X Ad_n- km-ln-Xy-cw-KsØ AXn-Im-

b∑m-cm-bn-cp-∂p.- AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ km-ln-Xy-Im-c∑m¿-s°m-∂pw-

A\p-Icn-°m≥- Ign-bm-Ø Hcp- alØm-b Aam-\pjn-I Zrjv-Sm-

¥am-Wv- At±lØn-\v- \¬-Is∏´Xv.- ]kv-Xp-X Aam-\p-jn-I Zrjv-

Sm-¥asX hn-ip-≤Jp¿-B≥.- Jp¿-B\m-Wv- ap-lΩZv- \_n-°v- \¬-

Is∏´ Aam-\p-jn-I Zrjv-Sm-¥w.- APøhpw- A\yq-\hpw- ]amZap-

Iv-Xhp-am-b Hcp- KŸw.- km-ln-Xy-Im-c∑m¿-s°m-∂pw- A\p-Icn°p-

hm≥- km-[n-°m-Ø ssien-bpw- LS\bp-am-Wv- AXn-s≥-d Hm-tcm-

kq-Iv-XØn-\p-ap-≈Xv.- a\p-jy¿- ap-gp-h\pw- Hcp-an-®v- ian-®m¬- t]m

epw- Jp¿-B\n-∂v- Xpey-am-sbm-cp- KŸw- sIm-≠p-hcm≥- Ign-bn√.-

"]dbp-I: Cu- Jp¿-B≥- t]m-sem-∂v- sIm-≠p-hcp-∂Xn-∂m-bn- a\p

jy-cpw- Pn-∂p-Ifpw- H∂n-®v- tN¿-∂m-epw- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- AXp-t]m

sem-∂v- Ah¿- sIm-≠p-hcn-Ibn-√.- Ahcn¬- Nn-e¿- Nn-e¿-°v- ]n¥p-

W \¬-Ip-∂Xm-bm¬- t]m-epw'.-1

a\p-jycmin-°v- ap-gp-h\p-am-bn- am¿-KZ¿-i\w- \¬Ip-hm≥- th≠n-

Ab°s∏´ ap-lΩZv- \_n-(k) ]hm-NI irw-Jebn-se Ahkm

\sØ IÆn-bm-Wv.- At±lØn-\p- tijw- C\n- ]hm-NI∑m¿-

\n-tbm-Kn-°s∏Sp-Ibn-√.- At±lØn-eq-sS am-\hcm-in-°v- AhXcn

∏n-°s∏´ ssZhn-I\n-ba\n¿-tZißƒ- k¿-hIm-en-Ihpw- k¿h

P\o-\hp-am-Wv.- C\n- Hcp- ]hm-NIs≥-d A\n-hm-cy-Xbn-√m-Ø

hn-[w- ap-lΩZv--\_n-(k)bp-sS Po-hn-XØn-se hep-Xpw- sNdp-Xp-

am-b Hm-tcmkw- hhpw- hy-Iv-Xam-bn- tcJs∏Sp-Øs∏ń-cn-°p-∂p.-

Ahkm-\ \m-fp-hscbp-≈ ap-gp-h≥- t]¿-°pw- B Po-hn-Xw- amXr

Ibm-°m≥- km-[n-°p-∂Xn-\p-th≠n-bm-Wn-Xv.- Jp¿-B≥- ]dbp∂p:

"ap-lΩZv- \n-ßfp-sS ]p-cp-j∑m-cn¬- Hcm-fp-sSbpw- ]n-Xm-hm-bn- n√.-

]t£,- At±lw- A√m-lphn-s≥-d Zq-X\pw- ]hm-NI∑m-cn¬-

Ahkm\sØ Bfp-am-Ip-∂p.'-2

ap-lΩZv-\_n-bp-sS A¥n-a]hm-NIXz-Øn-\p-≈ hy-Iv-Xam

sbm-cp- sXfnhm-Wv- hn-ip-≤Jp¿-B≥.- a‰p- ]hm-NI∑m¿-s°√mw-

\¬-Is∏´ Aam-\p-jn-I Zrjv-Sm-¥ßƒ- Ahcp-sS acWtØm-Sp-

Iq-Sn- Ahkm-\n-®p.- aq-kbp-sSbpw- Cu-km-bp-sSbpw- Aam-\p-jnI

Zrjv-Sm-¥ßƒ- C∂p- tI´p-tIƒ-hn- am-Xam-Wv.- F∂m¬- A¥n-a-

]hm-NIs≥-d Aam-\p-jn-I Zrjv-Sm-¥w- Ahkm-\ \m-fp-hsc \ne

4. Jp¿-B≥- 14: 115. Jp¿-B≥- 40: 78

1. Jp¿-B≥- 17: 882. Jp¿-B≥- 33: 40



\n¬-°p-∂p-; F√m- P\ßƒ-°pw- AXn-s≥-d Aam-\p-jn-IX A\p`

hn-®dn-bmw; ap-lΩZv- \_n-(k) ]hm-NI\m-sW∂v- Aw-Ko-Icn

°mw.- Chn-sS tI´p-tIƒ-hn-bp-tStbm- k¶¬-∏ßfp-tStbm- ]iv

\w- Xs∂bp-Zn-°p-∂n-√.- A¥n-a-]hm-NIs≥-d Aam-\p-jn-I Zrjv

Sm-¥w- A¥y-\m-fp-hsc \n-e\n¿-Øp-sa∂Xv- kjv-Sm-hn-s≥-d Hcp-

hm-Kv-Zm-\am-Wvv-v-.- "Xo¿-®bm-bpw- \m-am-Wv- B D¬-t_m-[\w- AhXcn-

∏n-®Xv.- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- \m-aXn-s\ Im-Øp-kq-£n-°p-∂Xm-Wv.'-1

Ahkm-\\m-fp -hscbp-≈h¿-s°√mw- am-XrIbm-°m≥-

aplΩZv-- \_n-bp-sS Po-hn-Xw- aXn.- At±lØn-s≥-d ]hm-NIXz-

Øn-s≥-d kXy-X ]cntim-[n-°m≥- ap-lΩZv-\_n-°v- \¬-Is∏´

Aam-\p-jn-IZrjv-Sm-¥w- ]cym-]v -Xam-Wv.- At±lØn-eq-sS

AhXcn-∏n-°s∏´ thZKŸam-Is´ sX‰p- ]‰m-ØXpw- kz-bw-

]cym-]v-Xhp-am-Wv.- AXp-sIm-≠v- Xs∂ ap-lΩZv- \_n-°v- tijw-

Hcp- ]hm-NIs≥d Bhiy-an-√.- At±lw- "Jm-Øap-∂-_n-øo≥'-

BWv-; A¥n-a]hm-NI≥.-

]ctem-I hn-izm-kw-

`q-an-bn-se \m-bI\m-Wv- a\p-jy≥.- kz-X¥am-b Akv-Xn-Xz

tØmSp- Iq-Sn-bm-Wv- Ah¿- ]n-d∂p-hogp-∂Xv.- Cu- kzm-X¥yw- a\p

jy-s≥-d am-Xw- ]tXy-IXbm-Wv.- a‰p- arKßsf√mw- ]IrXn-bp

sS m-Kßfm-bn- \n-esIm-≈p-tºmƒ-,- ]IrXn-bp-sS ]e LSIß

fn-epw- Xs≥-d kzm-[o-\ap-d∏n-°p-hm≥- a\p-jy-\v- Ign-bp-∂Xv-

Ahs≥-d am-Xw- ]tXy-Iam-b Akv-Xn-Xz-Øn-s≥-d kzm-X¥yw-

sIm-≠m-Wv. a\p-jym-kv-Xn-Xz-Øn-s≥-d km-[y-Xbp-sS c≠p- hncp≤

[p-hßfm-Wn-h.- Xs≥-d _m-[y-XIsfbpw- km-[y-XIsfbpw-

a\ n-em-°n- Po-hn-°Wsa∂v- a\p-jy-s\ ]Tn-∏n-°m-\m-Wt√m-

]hm-NI∑m¿- \n-bp-Iv-Xcm-bXv.- ssZhn-It_m-[\Øn-s≥-d ASnkv-

Ym-\Øn¬,- a\p-jym-kv-Xn-Xz-Øn-s≥-d krjv-Sn-]cam-b km-[yX

Iƒ- Fs¥√m-am-sW∂v- Ah¿- Ahcp-sS kaq-lsØ ]Tn-∏n-®p.-

ssZhn-Iam¿-K\n¿-tZißƒ-°\p-krXam-bn- Po-hn-°p-∂Xn-eq-sS

am-Xsa a\p-jy-\v- kjv-Sm-hv- \¬-In-b DZm-Øam-b kv-Ym-\w- ssI

hcn-°m≥- km-[n-°q- F∂Xm-bn-cp-∂p- ]hm-NI]t_m-[\ßfp

sS Im-X¬.-

aÆn¬- \n-∂m-Wv- a\p-jy≥- krjv-Sn-°s∏ń-cn-°p-∂Xv.- PUØn-

s≥-d krjv-Sn-°p-tijw- BXv-am-hv- \n-thin-Xam-bt∏m-gm-Wv- a\p

jy≥- ssNX\y-ap-≈h\pw- krjv-Sn-Ifn¬- G‰hpw- DZm-Ø\p-am

bXvv-.- AYhm,- aÆn-s≥-dbpw- BXv-am-hn-s≥-dbpw- ka\z-bam-Wv-

a\p-jy≥.- Ch c≠n-s≥-dbpw- Kp-Wßƒ- Ah\n¬- ktΩfn-®n-cn-1. Jp¿-B≥- 15: 9

]-Øv-

144


°p-∂p.- hn-i∏pw- Zm-lhpw- Im-a]q¿-Øo-IcWhpw- aÆn-s≥-d KpW

ßfm-Wv.- kvt\lw,- Zb,- Im-cp-Wyw,- km-tlm-Zcyw,- [m¿-an-It_m

[w,- k¬-kz-`m-hw,- k∑\ v,- tkh\k∂≤X,- BXv-am-¿-Y-X

XpSßn-bhsb√mw- BXv-am-hn-s≥-d Kp-WßfsX.- ]hm-NI∑m¿-

]Tn-∏n-® ]m-Xbn-eq-sS k©cn-°p-∂h¿- BXv-am-hn-s\ hn-aeo-

Icn-°p-Ibpw- Aßs\ a\p-jym-kv-Xn-Xz-Øn-s≥-d DZm-Ø `m-hw-

ssIhcn-°p-Ibpw- sNøp-∂p. - ]hm-NI]t_m-[\ßsf

AhKWn-®p-sIm-≠v- X∂n-jv-S]Im-cw- Po-hn-°p-∂h\m-Is´

`£Ww,- ]m-\o-bw,- Im-a]q¿-Øo-IcWw Xp-Sßn-b arKtNmZ

\Ifn¬- ap-gp-Ip-∂p.- Aßs\ Ah≥- a\p-jym-kv-Xn-Xz-Øn-s≥-d

G‰hpw- A[aam-b `m-hw- ssIhcn-°p-∂p.-

Xs≥-d arKo-bam-b tNm-Z\Iƒ- ]q¿-Øo-Icn-°p-hm≥- a\p-jy\v-

P∑\m- Xs∂ Hcp- hm-k\bp-≠v-.- CXv- ]IrXn-]cam-b Hcm-hiy-

am-Wv.- ]t£,- Cu- Bhiyßƒ- ]q¿-Øo-Icn-°p-hm≥- Ah≥-

ss]imNn-Iam-b am¿Kßƒ- kzo-Icn-®p-Iq-Sm.- F¥p-sIm-≠v- kzo-

Icn-®p-Iq-Sm?- s]m-Xp-sh ]tbm-P\]n-bcm-b a\p-jy¿- kzm`m-

hn-Iam-bpw- D∂bn-°p-∂ tNm-Zy-am-Wn-Xv.- F¥n-\p-th≠n- Rm≥-

\∑sNøWw? F¥p-sIm-≠p- Xn-∑ sNbv-Xp-Iq-Sm?- F¥n-\v- ssZhn-

Iam¿-KZ¿-i\w- kzo-Icn-°Ww?- F¥p-sIm-≠v- X\n-jv-S]Im-cw-

Po-hn-®p-Iq-Sm?-

\∑sNøWsa∂Xv- a\p-jy-s≥-d kzm-`m-hn-am-b BKlßfn-

sem-∂m-Wv.- Xn-∑tbm-Sh∂v- shdp-∏m-Wv.- Xs≥-d Np-‰p-]m-Sp-Iƒ-

Xn-∑°v- A\p-Iq-eam-Ip-tºm-gm-Wv- ss]im-Nn-Iam-b t]cW°v-

hiw-hZ\m-bn- Xn-∑sNøm≥- Ah≥- t]cn-X\m-hp-∂Xv-.- Xn-∑bn-

te°p-≈ H∂m-asØ Im¬-shbv-]v- ]et∏m-gpw- Xn-∑bp-sS temI

Ønte°p-≈ hm-Xm-b\am-bn- am-dm-dp-≠v.- AXp-sIm-≠v- Xs∂

Xn-∑sNøp-∂Xn-¬- \n-∂v- a\p-jy-sc XS™p-\n¿-tØ≠Xv- A\n

hm-cy-am-Wv.- ]t£,- AsXßs\ km-[n-°pw?- \∑sNbv-Xn- pw- Xn∑

sNøm-Xn-cp-∂n-´pw- ù-Xn-Iam-bn- Fs¥¶n-epw- t\´ßfp-≠m-Ip-

sa∂v- A\p- hØn¬- \n-∂v- a\p-jy≥- ]Tn-®n- n-√.- \∑ sNøp∂h

cn¬- ]ecpw- Ahchp-sS Np-‰p-]m-Sp-Ifn¬- Ijv-Ss∏Sp-∂Xm-bpw-

Xn-∑ sNøp-∂h¿- kp-Jku-Icyßf\p- hn-°p-∂Xm-bpw- a\pjy

≥- Im-Wp-∂p.- \∑bv-°pw- Xn-∑bv-°pw- X°Xm-b ]Xn-êw- e`n-

°p-∂n-s√¶n¬- ]n-s∂sb¥n-\v- \∑ sNøWsa∂ tNm-Zyw- kzm`m-

hn-Iambpw- Ahs≥-d lrZbØn¬- \n-∂v- Dbcp-∂p.- \∑bv-°pw-

Xn-∑bv-°pw- Ahbv-°\p-kcn-®p-≈ ]Xn- ew- \¬-Is∏Sp-∂ Hcp-

thZn-°p-th≠n- Ahs≥-d a\ v- tIgp-∂p.-

a\p-jy-kaq-lØn-s≥-d \n-e\n¬-∏n-\p-th≠n- cq-]w-\¬-Is∏´

Hcp- km-aq-ly- kw-hn-[m-\am-Wt√m- cm-jv-Sw.- Hm-tcm- cm-Py-Ønse

bpw- ]u-c∑m¿- A\p-kcn-t°≠ H´\h[n- \n-baßfp-≠v.- ]kvXp-

X \n-baßf\p-kcn-°m-™m¬- AXv- tIm-SXn-bn-seØp-Ibpw-

in-£n-°s∏Sp-Ibpw- sNøp-sa∂ t_m-[Øm¬- cm-Py-Øn-se ]uc

∑m¿- Ah A\p-kcn-°p-∂p.- ]t£,- tIm-SXn-Iƒ- ssIIm-cyw-

sNøm-\m-hm-Ø ]eXcw- ]iv-\ßfp-≠v.- sXfn-hp-Ifpw- km-£n-

Ifp-am-Wv- tIm-SXn-°p- ap-ºn¬- kXy-sØbpw- AkXy-sØbpw-

th¿-Xn-cn-°m-\p-≈ Afhp-tIm-ep-Iƒ.- clky-am-bn- sNøp-∂ Ip-

‰ßƒ-°v- in-£ \¬-Ip-hm≥- km-[n-°p-Ibn-√.- sXfn-hp-Iƒ- \in-

∏n-®pw- km-£n-Isf kzm-[o-\n-®pw- \n-ba]m-eIsc ]m-ń-em-°n-

bpw- in-£n-°s∏Sm-sX \S°p-∂ FXsbX Ip-‰hm-fn-Ifp-≠o-

`q-an-bn¬.- A\ym-bam-bn- kºm-Zn-®p- Iq- n-b ]WwsIm-≠v- Xn-∑bp-

sS kz¿-Kw- hn-e°p-hm-ßn- Ahn-SsØ ssZhßfm-bn- hn-ekp-

∂h¿.- Ah¿- cm-Pm-°∑m-cm-bn- P\n-°p-∂p.- cm-Pm-°∑m-cm-bn-

Xs∂ acn-°p-Ibpw- sNøp-∂p.- Ah¿- sNbv-X AIaßƒ-! A\o

Xn-Iƒ-! sIm-e]m-XIßƒ-! Chsb√mw- ]Xn-Im-ca¿-ln-°p-

∂Xt√?- Xo¿-®bm-bpw-.- Ah¿- sNbv-X Ip-‰ßƒ-°v- in-£ \¬Ip-

hm≥- Ign-bWw.- ]t£,- Bcp- \¬-Ipw?- Fßs\ \¬-Ipw?- Xn∑

sb shdp-°p-∂ a\p-jy-a\ v- a¥n-°p-∂p-; Xn-∑bp-sS cmPm°

∑m¿-°v- X°Xm-b in-£\¬-Ip-∂ Hcp- ]Xn- ethZn- Bhiyam

sW∂v-; ]kv-Xp-X thZn-bn¬- sh®v- Ah¿- sNbv-X sX‰p-Ip-‰ßƒ-

Hs∂m-∂m-bn- FSp-Øp-]d™p- in-£n-°Wsa∂v.-

C\n- CØcsam-cp- km-aq-ly-tZm-ln-sb GsX¶n-ep-sam-cp- tImS

Xn- in-£n-®p-sh∂v- hn-Nm-cn-°p-I.- tIm-SXn-°v- \¬-Im-hp-∂ ]camh

[n- in-£sb¥m-bn-cn-°pw?- Hcm-sf sIm-∂h\pw- \q-dp-t]sc sIm

∂h\pw- Bbn-c°W°n-\m-fp-Isf \n¿-Zbw- Iim-∏p-sNbv-Xh\p-

sa√mw- \¬-Im-hp-∂ ]cam-h[n- in-£bm-Wv- acWin-£.- CXp-

\ym-bas√∂v- \Ωp-sS km-a[y-_p-≤n- hn-[n-°p-∂p.- Xßƒ-s°Xn-

146 ]ctem-I hn-izm-kw- 147


cm-bhsb√mw- \n¿Zm-£n-Wyw- C©n-©m-bn- sIm-es∏Sp-Øp-∂

At[m-tem-I\m-bI∑m-sc Bbn-cw- h´w- sIm-√m≥- hn-[n-®m-epw-

Ah¿-°v- aXn-bm-b in-£bm-hp-Ibn-s√∂Xt√ hm-kv-Xhw.- ]t£,-

]kv-Xp-X in-£ \¬-Im≥- B¿-°p- km-[n-°pw?- Chn-SsØ \oXn-

\ym-b tIm-SXn-Iƒ-°mhn-s√∂p-d∏m-Wv.- Bbn-cw- ]m-hiyhpw- A

Xn-e[n-Iw- ]m-hiy-hpw- sIm-√m≥- Ign-bp-∂ Hcp- thZnbp-≠m-bm¬-

am-Xam-Wv- Ah¿-°v- X°Xm-b in-£ \¬-Im≥- k[n-°p-I.-

C\n- CXn-s≥d adp-hiw- Nn-¥n-°p-I.- \∑bv-°p- X°Xm-b- ]Xn

êw- e`n-°p-hm-\p-≈ co-Xn-bn-em-tWm- Cu- `q-an- kw-hn-[m-\n°

s∏ń-cn-°p-∂Xv?- Xn-∑bp-sS tIZm-cao- q-hn¬- \∑sNøp-∂h\sX

t`m-j≥'- F∂ Ihn-hcn-Iƒ- Cltem-IsØ°p-dn-®v- am-Xw- Nn¥n-

°ptºmƒ- F¥p-am-Xw- icn-bm-Wv-! kXy-k‘cpw-,- k∑m¿-K\njv-

Tcpw-,- Xym-Kn-Ifpw-,- \n-kzm¿-Y-cp-am-bn- Po-hn-®bm-fp-Ifn¬- ]e¿

°pw- Chn-sSsh®v- A\p-`hn-t°≠n-h∂n-´p-≈Xv- bm-X\Ifpw-

thZ\Ifpw- am-Xam-Wv.- Xym-Kßƒ- kln-®p-sIm-≠v- Ah¿- Imeb

h\n-Ibv-°p-≈n¬- ad™pt]m-bn.- Ahc\p-`hn-® Xym-KßfpsS

bpw- Ah¿- sNbv-X kZv-hrØn-Ifp-sSbpw- ew- A\p-h`n-°p-∂Xv-

AXn-∂Sp-Ø Xeap-dIfm-Wv.- Ahcp-sS kv-acWt]m-epw- GXm

\pw h¿-jßƒ- Ign-™m-¬- am-™pt]m-Ip-∂p.- At∏mƒ- AhcpsS

\n-kz-m¿-Y-am-b tkh\ßƒ-°v- bm-sXm-cp- hn-ebp-an-s√t∂m-?-

Ahcp-sS k¬-°¿-aßƒ-°v- ]Xn-êw- \¬-Is∏Sp-∂n-s√¶n¬,-

k¬-°¿-aa\p-jv-Tn-°Wsa∂v- ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xn-s\¥p- hn-e?- k∑m¿

Kn-Iƒ-°v- X°Xm-b ]Xn- ew- \¬-Is∏Sp-∂ Hcp- thZn- Bhiy-

am-sW∂Xv- a\p-jy- _p-≤n-bp-sS hn-[n-bm-Wv.-

tIm-SXn-Ifp-sS Im-cyw- ]d™t√m.- Ahbv-°p- Af°m≥-

Ignbm-Ø Ip-‰IrXy-ßfn-t√?- [\\jv-SsØ°m-fpw- Po-h\jvS

sØ°m-fpw- hep-Xm-Wv- am-\\jv-Ssa∂v- Icp-Xp-∂hcm-Wv- `q-cn]

£w- P\ßƒ.- A\y-s≥-d A`n-am-\w- £Xs∏Sp-Øm≥ Nn-e¿-°v-

hen-b Xm¬-]cyam-Wv.- Ahcp-sS Nne ]Z]tbm-Kßƒ aXn,-

a‰p- Nn-ecp-sS A`n-am-\w- XI¿-°p-hm≥.- AØcam-fp-Iƒ-s°Xnsc

am-\\jv-SØn-\v- tIkp-sIm-Sp-°m-sa∂Xp icn-Xs∂v.- ]t£,-

Xs≥d a\ n-\p-≠m-b thZ\sbXbm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v- hm-Zn-°v-

tIm-SXn-bv-°p- ap-ºn¬ sXfn-bn-°m-\m-hn-√.- AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂

AØcw- tIkpIfn-ep-≠m-hm-dp-≈ hn-[n- am-\jv-SØn-s≥d D]t`m

Kaq-eyw- t\m-°n-bm-Wp-≠m-hm-dp-≈Xv.- FX hen-b am-\kn-ImLm-

Xam-Wv- hm-Znbn¬- ]Xn-bp-sS ]Z]tbm-Kßtfm- ]h¿Ø\

ßtfm- D≠m-°n-bn- p-≈sX∂v- hy-Iv-Xam-bn- Adn-bm-hp-∂ \ymbm-

[n-]\v- am-Xsa CØcw- Ip-‰ßƒ-°v- DNn-Xam-b in-£ hn-[n-°p

hm≥- Ign-bq.- A\y-cp-sS a\ p- hm-bn-°m≥- Ign-bp-∂h¿- Cu- q

an-bn-en-√t√m.- AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ A\y-cp-sS a\ p- hm-bn-°m≥-

Ign-bp-∂ \y-bm-[n-]s≥-d km-∂n-[-y-Øn¬- CØcw- Ip-‰ßƒ- hn

Nm-cWsNøs∏SWsa∂pw-\ym-bw- hn-[n-°s∏SWsa∂pw- a\pjy

¿- BKln-°p-∂p.-

"Hcp- \y-m-bhn-[n- Bhiy-am-Wv.- \∑sbbpw- Xn-∑sbbpw- th¿Xn-

cn-°p-∂ \ym-bhn-[n.- AXn-∂p-tijw- \∑bv-°v- ]Xn- ehpw- Xn∑

bv-°v- in-£bpw- \¬-Is∏SWw.- AXn-s≥d \ym-bm-[n-]≥- a\pjy-

cp-sS a\ n-\IØp-≈sX√m-adn-bp-∂h\pww- ip-]m-¿-iIƒ-°v-

hiw-hZ\m-Im-Øh\p-am-IWw.'- CXpw- \∑tbm-Sv- Xm¬-]cy-ap-≈

a\p-jy-cp-sSsb√mw- BKlam-Wv.- Ckv-em-an-se "]ctem-I hnizm-

kw'- Cu- BKlØn-s≥-d ]q¿-Øo-IcWsØ°p-dn-®v- am-\hcmin-

°v- ]Xy-m-i \¬-Ip-∂p.- acWm-\¥cw- Hcp- Po-hn-Xap-s≠∂pw-

Ahn-sSsh®v- Cltem-IsNbv-Xn-Iƒ-°v- X°Xm-b ]Xn-êw-

\¬-Is∏Sp-sa∂p-ap-≈ Im-cy-ßƒ- k¿-htem-Ikjv-Sm-hm-b A√m

lp- ]hm-NI∑m-cn-eq-sS a\p-jy-sc ]Tn-∏n-® XØ-z-ßfn-sem∂m

Wv.- hn-ip-≤ Jp¿-B\n-se \s√m-cp- iXam-\w- kqIv-Xßƒ- acWm-

\¥c Po-hn-XsØ°p-dn-®v- ]cm-a¿-in-°p-∂hbm-Wv.-

H´\h[n- BKlßfp-≈h\m-Wv- a\p-jy≥.- Ahs≥d Cu-

BKlßsf√mw- ]q¿-Øo-Icn-°p-hm≥- ]‰n-b co-Xn-bn-e√ Cu-

`q-an- kw-hn-[m-\n-°s∏ń-cn-°p-∂Xv.- Chn-sSsbm-cmƒ-°v- e`n-°p∂

Xv- icm-icn- Adp-]Xv- Fgp-]Xv- h¿-jam-Wv.- Xs≥d BKlßfp

sS ]q¿-Øo-IcWØn-\v-- Cu- Im-ebfhv- Xo-sc ]cn-an-XasX.- Bi

Iƒ- ]q-hWn-bp-∂ \m-sfsb∂ kz-]v-\w- km-£m-Xv-Icn°s∏S

Wsa¶n¬- acWØn-\p- tijw- Hcp- Po-hn-Xam-hiy-am-Wv.- A\izc

am-b Hcp- Po-hn-Xw.-- Aßs\sbm-cp- Po-hn-XØn¬- sh®v- am-Xsa

a\p-jycp-sS BiIfpw- A`n-em-jßfpw- ]q¿-Wam-bpw- km-£m-

Xv-Icn-°s∏Sp-Ibp-≈q.-



acWm-\¥cPo-hn-XsØ°p-dn-® hnizm-kw- F√mw- ]p-cm-X\\m-

Kcn-IXIfn-epw- Im-Wm≥- km-[n-°pw.- saks∏t´m-an-b≥- kw-kvIm-

cwap-X¬- kn‘p-\Zo-XSkw-kv-Im-cw- hscbp-≈ \m-Kcn-IXIfn¬-

Po-hn-®n-cp-∂ a\p-jy¿-°v- acWm-\¥cPo-hn-XØn¬- AN©eam

b hn-izm-kap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂m-Wv- D¬-J\\KthjWßƒ-

hyIv-Xam-°p-∂Xv.- Cltem-IØv- \S°m-sX t]m-b \o-Xn-bp-sS

km-£m-Xv-Im-cw- ]ctem-IØv- \S°p-sa∂ hn-izm-kØn-\v- a\pjy-

tcm-fw- ]g°ap-s≠∂¿-Y-w.-

acWm-\¥cw- a\p-jym-flm-hv- \in-°p-∂n-s√∂pw- AXv- ]p-\¿P

\n-°p-sa∂p-ap-≈ hn-izm-kØn-s≥-d Im-cy-Øn¬- ssZhnIsa∂

hIm-is∏Sp-∂ aXßsf√mw GItZiw-- Htc A`n-]m-bam-Wv-

]ISn-∏n-°p-∂Xv.- ln-µp-aXØn-se ]p-\¿-P∑kn-≤m-¥w- am-Xam

Wv- C∆n-jbIam-bn- A¬-]w- hy-Xy-kv-XX ]p-e¿-Øp-∂Xv.- a\pjy-

∂v- q-an-bn¬- Xs∂ hy-Xy-kv-X P∑ßfp-s≠∂m-Wv- ln-µp-°fpsS

hn-izm-kw.- Hm-tcm- P∑Øn-sebpw- ]p-Wy-]m-]ßƒ-°\p-krXam-

bn-´m-Wv- ASp-Ø P∑ap-≠m-Ip-∂XsX.- Om-tµm-tKym-]\n-jØv-

]dbp-∂Xv- t\m-°p-I: "Chcn¬- ]p-Wy-I¿-an-Ifm-bn-´p-≈h¿-- _m-

lv-aWtbm-\n-bn-tem- £Xn-btbm-\n-bn-tem- P\n-°p-∂p.- Aip-

Ì¿-an-Iƒ- io-Lw- Xs∂ \o-Ntbm-\n-Ifn¬-˛AXm-bXv- \m-bbp-

tStbm- ]∂n-bp-sStbm- NWvUm-fs≥-dtbm- tbm-\n-bn¬- P\n-°p

∂p.'-1 a\p-jy-s≥-d k¬-I¿-aßfp-sS eam-bn- ASp-Ø P∑Øn¬-

Ah≥- th≠s∏´h\pw- Zp-jv-I¿-aßfp-sS êam-bn- ASp-Ø

P∑Øn¬- shdp-°s∏´h\p-am-bn- P\n-°p-sa∂¿-Y-w.-

CX\p-kcn-®v- Ct∏mƒ- D∂XPm-Xn-bn¬- Po-hn-°p-∂h¿- Ign

™ P∑Øn¬- kp-IrXw- sNbv-Xhcm-bn-cn-°pw.- Ct∏mƒ- Xm-gv∂

Pm-Xn-°m-c\pw- ]ń-bpw- ]∂n-bp-am-bn- Po-hn-°p-∂h¿- Zp-jv-IrXyw-

sNbv-Xhcp-am-bn-cn-°pw.- I¿-an-Ifp-sS Bflm-hn-\v- cq-]m-¥cwkw`

hn-°p-∂n-√.- ]t£,- Cßs\ P\n-°p-∂h¿- Ahcp-sS ap-PvP

∑sØ∏‰n- tNm-Zn-®m¬- Ah¿- Adn-bn-s√∂m-Wv- DØcw ]dbpI.-

]∂n-t°m- ]ń-t°m- Xm-gv-∂ Pm-Xn-°m-ct\m- Xßƒ- A\p-`hn-®p-

sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂ Ijv-S∏m-Sp-Iƒ- ap-ºp-sNbv-X ]m-]ßfp-sS eam-

sW∂v- Adn-bp-I t]m-ep-an-√.- Xs≥-d sNbv-Xn-Iƒ-°v- ]Xn-êw-

e`n-°p-tºmƒ- Xs≥-d GtXXv- ]h¿-Ø\ßƒ-°p-≈ ]Xnê

am-Wv- e`n-°p-∂sX∂v- Adn-bp-∂n-s√¶n¬- B ]XnêØn-\v-

]n-s∂sb¥p- ]kv-IXn-bm-Wp-≈Xv?- ]p-\¿-P∑kn-≤m-¥]Im-cw-

]Xn-êw- \¬-Is∏Sp-∂h¿- CXp- ]Xnêam-tWm- F∂p-t]m

epw- t_m-[hm∑m-c√.- AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ \∑bv-°pw- Xn-∑bv-°pw

X°Xm-b ]Xn-êw- e`y-am-°Wsa∂ a\p-jy]IrXn-bp-sS

tX´sØ kw-Xr]v-Xam-°p-hm≥- ]p-\¿-P∑kn-≤m-¥Øn-\v- km-[n-

°n-√.-

am-Xhp-a√,- ssk‘h\m-Kcn-IXbn-epw- thZIm-eØpw- C¥y-

bn¬- \n-e\n-∂n-cp-∂Xv- ]ctem-I Po-hn-XsØ°p-dn-® hn-izm-kam

bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw- ]n-∂o-Sv- Nm-Xp¿-h¿-Wy- hy-hkv-Ybv-°\p-kcn-®v-

sshjv-Wh aXsØ am-‰nadn-°p-∂Xn-s≥-d m-Kam-bm-Wv- ]p-\¿P

∑hn-izm-kap-≠m-bsX∂p-am-Wv- ]e ]fin-X∑mcp-sSbpw- A`n]m-

bw-.1 ln-µp-aXØn-s≥-d aq-e KŸßfn¬- Im-Ws∏Sp-∂Xv- ]c

tem-I hn-izm-kam-sW∂pw- ]n-∂o-Sv- ISØn-°q- n-bXm-Wv- ]p-\¿P

∑ hn-izm-ksa∂p-a¿-Y-w.-

acWm-\¥c Po-hn-XsØ°p-dn-®v- skan-‰n-Iv- aXßƒ-s°√mw-

GItZiw- kam-\am-b ho-£Wam-Wp-≈Xv.- acWØn-\p-tijw-

a\p-jy-sc√mw- kjv-Sm-hn-s≥-d k∂n-[n-bn¬- ]p-\¿-P\n-®v- Hcp-an

®p- Iq- s∏Sp-Ibpw- Ahn-sS sh®v- kjv-Sm-hv- \ym-bhn-[n- \S∏m°p-

Ibpw- \∑ sNbv-Xhsc kz-¿-KØn-te°pw- \n∑sNbv-Xhsc

\cIØn-te°pw- ]d™b°psa∂p-am-Wv- blq-Z˛ ssIkvXh

˛Ckv-emw- aXßfp-sS s]m-Xp-hm-b hn-iz-m-kw.- ]t£,- ss_-_nƒ-

]gb\n-baØn-tem- ]p-Xn-b\n-baØn-tem- H∂p-w-Xs∂ ]ctemI

Po-hn-XsØ°p-dn-® hy-Iv-Xhpw- hn-iZhp-am-b ]cm-a¿-ißfn-√.-

AXp-sIm≠p-Xs∂ ]ctem-IØn-se kz-¿-K\cIßfp-sS Akv

Xn-Xz-sØ Xs∂ \n-tj[n-°p-∂ kÌfpw- C∂v- ssIkv-Xhkaq-

lØn-ep-≠v.-

Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d kv-Yn-Xn- CXn¬- \n-∂v- Xn-I®pw- hy-Xy-kv-XamWv.-

GIssZhhn-izm-kw- Ign-™m¬- ]n-s∂ Jp¿-B≥- G‰hp-a[n-Iw-

Du-∂¬- \¬-Inbn- p-≈Xv- ]ctem-Ihn-izm-kØn-em-Wv.- Jp¿-B≥-

kq-Iv-Xßfn¬- aq-∂n-sem-cp- m-Kw- acWm-\¥c Po-hn-XsØ°pdn-

®m-Wv- ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂Xv.-1. Omtµm-tKym-]\n-jØv- 5: 10: 7



acWØn¬- \n-∂v- Hm-Sn-bIem≥- ian-®p-sIm-≠n-cn°bm-Wv-

a\p-jy≥.- F∂m¬,- acWØn¬- \n-∂v- B¿-°pw- c£s∏Sm-\mhn-

√.- F√m-hcpw- acn-°pw.- acWØn-\v- tijw- ]n-s∂sb¥v?- AXp-

\ap-°dn-bn-√.- u-Xn-I]co-£Wßƒ- sIm-t≠m- \n-co-£Wßƒ-

sIm-t≠m- AXp- I≠p-]n-Sn-°m-\p-amhn-√.- \sΩ krjv-Sn-® Xºpcm

≥- Xs∂ ]d™p-XcWw.- A√m-lp- ]dbp-∂p-: "Xo¿-®bm-bpw-

GsXm-cp- acWØn¬-\n-∂v- \n-ßƒ- Hm-Sn-bIep-∂p-thm- Xo¿-®bm-

bpw- AXp- \n-ßfp-am-bn- I≠p-ap-´p-∂Xm-Wv.- ]n-∂o-Sv- AZriy-hpw-

Zriy-hpw- Adn-bp-∂hs≥-d ASp-°te°v- \n-ßƒ- aS°s∏Sp-Ibpw-

sNøpw.- At∏mƒ- \n-ßƒ- ]h¿-Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xn-s\°p-

dn-®v- Ah≥- \n-ßsf hnhcadn-bn-°p-∂Xm-Wv'-.2

"\n-ßƒ- Fhn-sSbm-bn-cp-∂m-epw- acWw- \n-ßsf ]nSn-IqSp∂

Xm-Wv.- \n-ßƒ- Zam-bn- sIń Db¿-Øs∏´ tIm-Íƒ-°p-≈n-em

bm¬-t]m-epw.-'-3

"GsXm-cm-fpw- acWsØ AkzZn-°p-∂Xm-Wv.- ]n-∂o-Sv- \ΩpsS

ASp-°te°p-Xs∂ \n-ßƒ- aS°s∏Sp-Ibpw- sNøpw'.-4

a\p-jym-Xv-am-hv- acW\m-¥cw- ssZhn-Iam-b]co-£WØn¬-

Ign-bp-∂p-; A¥y-\m-fp-hsc.- kp-IrXw- sNbv-Xhcp-sS Bflm-hp-

Iƒ- Xßƒ-°v- e`n-°m-\n-cn-°p-∂ kz-¿-Ko-b kp-JsØ°p-dn-®dn-

™v- k¥p-jv-Scm-bpw- Zp-jv-]h¿-Ø\ßfn-eq-sS kz-¥sØ aen-

\s∏Sp-Øn-bhcp-sS BXv-am-hp-Iƒ- Xßƒ- A\p- hn-°p-hm≥- t]m

Ip-∂ \cIin-£bp-sS Im-Tn-\y-sØ°p-dn-®dn-™v- ]bm-ks∏´pw-

Ign™p-Iq-Sp-sa∂m-Wv- ]hm-NIhN\ßƒ- hy-Iv-Xam-°p-∂Xv-;

Bflm-hn-s≥-d Cu- Ahkv-Y A¥y-\m-fp-hsc Xp-Scpw.-

A¥y-\mƒ- ]Zm¿-Y-tem-IØn-s≥-d ]q¿-Wam-b \m-iØn-s≥d

Zn-\am-Wv.- F√m- krjv-Sn-Ifpw- \in-°p-∂ Zn-hkw.- B Zn-hkØn

s≥-d ò-IcXsb°p-dn-®v- Jp¿-B\n¬- h∂ ]cm-a¿-ißƒ- t\m-

°p-I.- "Im-lfØn¬- Hcp- Du-Øv- Du-Xs∏´m¬-.- `q-an-bpw- ]¿hX

ßfpw- s]m-°n-sbSp-°s∏Sp-Ibpw- F∂n-´v- Ah c≠pw- CSn-®p-

XI¿-°en-\v- hn-t[bam-°s∏Sp-Ibpw- sNbv-Xm¬-! At∂Zn-hkw-

B kw-`hw- kw-`hn-°p-Ibm-bn: BIm-iw- s]m-ń-∏n-fcp-Ibpw-

sNøpw.- A∂v- AXv- Zp¿-_eam-bn-cn-°pw.'-1

BIm-iw- s]m-ń-∏n-fcp-tºmƒ-.- -\£Xßƒ- sIm-gn-™p- hogp

tºmƒ.- kap-Zßƒ- s]m- n-sbm-en-°s∏Sp-tºmƒ.- J_dp-Iƒ- Cf

°n-adn-°s∏Sp-tºmƒ-'.--2

"a\p-jy-∑m¿- Nn-∂n-®n-Xdn-b ]m-‰Isft∏m-sebpw- ]¿-hXßƒ-

IS™ tcm-aw-t]m-sebpw- Bbn-Øo-cp-∂ Zn-hkw.-'-3

`q-an- ]Iº\w- sIm-≈n-°s∏´m¬- AXn-s≥-d b¶cam-b B

]Iº\w.- `q-an- AXn-s≥-d `m-cßƒ- ]p-dw-X≈p-Ibpw- AXn-∂v-

F¥p- ]‰n-sb∂v- a\p-jy≥- ]dbp-Ibp-w- sNbv-Xm¬.- At∂ Znh

kw- AXv- AXn-s≥d h¿-Øam-\ßƒ- ]d™dn-bn-°p-∂Xm-Wv'.-4

"Xo¿-®bm-bpw- B A¥y-kabsØ ]Iº\w- `b¶cam-b Hcp-

Im-cyw- Xs∂bm-Ip-∂p.- \n-ßƒ- AXp- Im-Wp-∂ Zn-hkw- GsXmcp-

ap-esIm-Sp-°p-∂ am-Xm-hpw- Xm≥- ap-ebq-´p-∂ Ip-™n-s\∏‰n-

Ai≤bn-em-bn-t∏m-Ipw.- K¿-`hXn-bm-b GsXm-cp- kv-Xo-bpw-

Xs≥d K¿-`Øn-ep≈Xv- ]khn-®p- t]m-Ip-Ibpw- sNøpw.- P\ß

sf aØp- ]n-Sn-®hcm-bn- \n-\°v- Im-Wp-Ibpw- sNømw.-'-5

ò-Xn-Xam-b ]]©\m-iØn-\v- tijw- ho-≠pw- a\p-jy-sc

ssZhw- ]p-\¿-Po-hn-∏n-°pw.- ih°√dIfn¬- AS°w- sNøs∏´

a\p-jy-tZlßfn¬- ho-≠pw- Bflm-hv- k∂n-thin-°s∏Spw.- a\p-

jy-sc√mw- ]p-\¿-P\n-®v- kjv-Sm-hn-s≥-d k∂n-[n-bn-te°v- \bn°

s∏Spw.- Jp-¿-B≥- ]dbp-∂Xv- t\m-°p-I:

"Im-lfØn¬- Du-Xs∏Spw.- At∏mƒ- J_v-dp-Ifn¬- \n-∂v- Ah

cp-sS c£n-Xm-hn-¶te°v- Ip-Xn-®p- sN√pw'-6 "Im-lfØn¬- DuX

s∏Spw.- At∏mƒ- BIm-iØn-ep-≈hcpw- q-an-bn-ep-≈hcpw- Ne\

a‰hcm-bn-Øo-cpw; A√m-lp- Dt±in-®hscm-gn-sI.- AXn¬- as‰m-

cn-°¬- Du-Xs∏Spw.- At∏m-gXm- Ah¿- Fgp-t∂‰p-t\m-°p-∂p.-'-7

1. cm-lp¬- kmw-IrXym-b≥-: hn-iz-Z¿-i\ßƒ- ]p-dw- 550˛5812. Jp¿-B≥- 62: 83. Jp¿-B≥- 4: 784. Jp¿-B≥- 29: 57

1. Jp¿-B≥- 69: 13-˛162. Jp¿-B≥- 82: 1˛43. Jp¿-B≥- 101: 4, 54. Jp¿-B≥- 99: 1˛45. Jp¿-B≥- 22: 1,- 26. Jp¿-B≥- 36: 517. Jp¿-B≥- 39: 68



acWØn-\p-tijap-≈ Po-hn-XsØ \n-tj[n-°p-∂h¿- F°m-

eØp-ap≠m-bn-cp-∂n- p-≠v.- acn-®v- aÆm-bn-°gn-™tijw- a\p-jy¿-

]p-\¿-P\n-°p-sa∂v- ]dbp-∂Xv- Ahn-iz-k\o-bam-sW∂m-Whcp

sS hm-Zw.- iq-\y-Xbn¬- \n-∂v-- ]]©sØ krjv-Sn°p-Ibpw- _oP

IWßfn¬-\n-∂v- a\p-jy-s\ ]S°p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xh∂v- a\p-jysc

acWtijw- ]p-\x-krjv-Sn- \SØm-\m-hn-s√∂p- ]dbp-∂Xv-

h¶Øam-Wv.- ]S®Xºp-cm≥- ]dbp-∂Xv- t\m-°p-I: "a\p-jy-tc;

Dbn¿-sØgp-t∂¬-]-n-s\∏‰n- \n-ßƒ-kw-ibØn-em-sW¶n¬- (B

tem-Nn-®p- t\m-°p-I).- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- \m-am-Wv- \n-ßsf aÆn¬-

\n-∂pw- ]n-∂o-Sv- _o-PØn¬- \n-∂pw- ]n-∂o-Sv- `q-WØn¬- \n-∂pw-

A\¥cw- cq-]w- \¬-Is∏´Xpw- cq-]w- \¬-Is∏Sm-Øp-am-b amwk

]n-fiØn¬- \n-∂pw- krjv-Sn-®Xv.- \mw- \n-ßƒ-°v- Im-cy-ßƒ-

hn-iZam-°n-Øcm≥- th≠n- (]dbp-Ibm-Ip-∂p-).- \mw- Dt±in-°p-

∂Xn-s\ \n-iv-Nn-Xam-b Hcp- Ah[n-hsc \mw- K¿-`m-ibßfn¬-

Xm-akn-∏n-°p-∂p.- ]n-∂o-Sv- \mw- \n-ßsf in-ip-°fm-bn- ]p-dØp-

sIm-≠p-hcp-∂p.- A\¥cw- \n-ßƒ- \n-ßfp-sS ]q¿WiIv-Xn- ]m-

]n-°pw- hsc (\mw- \n-ßsf hf¿-Øp-∂p-). (t\csØ) Po-hn-Xw-

Ahkm-\n-∏n-°s∏Sp-∂hcpw- \n-ßfp-sS Iq-´Øn-ep-≠v.- Adn-hp-

≠m-bn-cp-∂Xn-\p- tijw- bm-sXm∂pw- Adn-bm-Xm-Ipw- hn-[w- G‰

hpw- Ahiam-b ]m-bØnte°v- aS°s∏Sp-∂hcpw- \nßfp-sS

Iq- Øn-ep-≠v.- qan- hc≠v- \n¿-Pv-Po-ham-bn- In-S°p-∂Xm-bn- \n\°v-

Im-Wmw.- F∂n-´v- AXn-t∑¬- \mw- sh≈w- sNm-cn-™m¬- AXv-

CfIp-Ibpw- hn-Ikn-°p-Ibpw- Iu-Xp-Iap-≈ F√m-Øcw- sNSnI

sfbpw- AXv- apf∏n-°p-Ibpw- sNøp-∂p.- AsX¥p-sIm-s≠∂m¬-

A√m-lp- Xs∂bm-Wv- kXy-am-bp-≈h≥.- Ah≥- acn-®hsc Pohn-

∏n-°pw,- Ah≥- GXp- Im-cy-Øn-\pw- Ign-hp-≈h\m-Wv.- A¥yk

abw- hcn-IXs∂ sNøpw.- AXn¬- bm-sXm-cp- kw-ibhp-an-√.- J_v

dn-ep-≈hsc A√m-lp- Dbn-¿-sØgp-t∂¬-∏n-°p-Ibpw- sNøpw.-'-1

"a\p-jy≥- I≠nt√,- Ahs\ \mw- Hcp- _o-PIWØn¬- \n∂m-

Wv- krjv-Sn-®n-cn-°p-∂sX∂v?- F∂n- v- Ah\Xm- Hcp- ]Xy-£amb

FXn¿-∏p-Im-c\m-bn-cn-°p-∂p.- Ah≥- \ap-s°m-cp- D]a FSp-Øp-

Im-Wn-°p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.- Xs∂ krjv-Sn-®Xv- Ah≥-

ad∂pIfbp-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp.- Ah≥- ]d™p-: "F√p-Iƒ- Zhn-®p-

t]m-bn-cn-s° Bcm-Whbv-°v- Po-h≥- \¬-Ip-∂Xv?'- ]dbp-I.- BZy

XhW Ahsb D≠m-°n-bh\m-tcm- Ah≥- Xs∂ Ahbv-°v- Poh

≥- \¬-Ip-∂XmWv.- Ah≥- F√m-Xcw- krjv-Sn-∏n-s\∏‰n-bpw- Adn

hp-≈h\sX.- ]®acØn¬- \n-∂v- \n-ßƒ-°v- Xo-bp-≠m-°nØ

∂h\sX Ah≥.- Aßs\ \n-ßfXm- AXn¬- \n-∂v- IØn-s®Sp

°p-∂p.- BIm-ißfpw- `q-an-bpw- krjv-Sn-®h≥- Ahsct∏m-ep≈

hsc krjv-Sn-°p-hm≥- Ign-hp-≈h\t√?- AsX,- Ah\sX k¿h

hpw- krjv-Sn-°p-∂h\pw- F√m-w- Adn-bp-∂h\pw'.-1

kIe Ncm-Ncßfpw- krjv-Sn-® ]S®Xºp-cm-\v- a\p-jy-sc

]p-\x-krjvSn-°p-I ]bm-kIca√.- a\p-jy-s≥-d acWm-\¥cap≈

Dbn¿-sØgp-t∂¬-∏n-\v- sXfn-hm-bn- Jp¿-B≥- ta¬- kq-Iv-Xßfn¬-

D≤cn-°p-∂Xv- c≠p-Zm-lcWßfm-Wv.- aÆn¬- \n-∂v- Xp-Sßn- tcX

kv-IWßfn-eq-sS Xp-S¿-∂v- hy-Xy-kv-X L´ßfn-eq-sSbp-≈ a\p

jy-s≥-d krjv-Sn-∏v.- \n¿-Po-hambn-°n-S°p-∂ `q-an-bn-te°v- ]S®

Xºp-cm≥- Pean-d°p-I hgn-bp-≈ AXn-s≥d Dbn¿-sØgp-t∂¬∏v.-

Ch c≠pw- km-[n-°p-∂ A√m-lp-hn-\v- acWm-\¥cw- a\p-jy-sc

]p-\x-krjv-Sn-°pI Xo-sc ]bm-kap-≈ Im-cy-a√.- "Ah∂m-Ip∂p-

krjv-Sn- Bcw- n-°p-∂h≥.- ]n-s∂ Ah≥- AXv- Bh¿-Øn-°p∂p.-

AXv- Ahs\ kw-_\v-[n®n-StØm-fw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Ffp-∏ap-≈ Imcy-

am-Ip-∂p'.-2

A¥y-Zn-\w- Ign-™p-≈ Dbn¿-sØgp-t∂¬-∏n-\v- tijw- a\pjy-

sc√mw- kjv-Sm-hn-s≥-d k∂n-[n-bn-te°v- ]p-ds∏Spw.- "At∂ Znh

kw- hn-fn-°p-∂hs≥-d ]n-∂mse Aht\m-Sv- bm-sXm-cp- hIXbpw-

Im-Wn-°m-sX Ah¿- t]m-Ip-∂Xm-Wv.- F√m- i_v-Zßfpw- ]caIm

cp-Wn-I\v- Io-gSßp-∂Xm-Wv.- AXn-\m¬- Hcp- t\¿-Ø i_v-Za√m

sX \o- tIƒ-°p-Ibn-√'-3.

a\p-jy≥- hn-Nm-cWbv-°p- lm-Pcm-°s∏Sp-∂Xp- t]m-epw- Xß

fp-sS \∑Xn-∑Ifp-sS tXm-Xn-∂\p-krXam-b cq-]Øn-em-bn-cn-°pw.-

ssZhn-IZrjv-Sm-¥ßƒ- Im-Wp-Ibpw- tIƒ-°p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xn-´pw-

1. Jp¿-B≥- 22: 5˛7

1. Jp¿-B≥- 36: 77-˛812. Jp¿-B≥- 30: 273. Jp¿-B≥- 20: 108



Ahbn¬- hn-iz-kn-°m-sX Al¶m-cw- \Sn-®p-sIm-≠v- Po-hn-®h¿-

Dbn¿-sØgp-t∂¬-∏n-°s∏Sp-I A‘cm-bn-s°m-≠m-bn-cn-°pw.-

Jp¿-B≥- ]dbp-∂Xv- i≤n-°p-I: "Fs≥d D¬-t_m-[\sØ hn v-

h√h\pw- Xn-cn-™p-Ifbp-∂]£w- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- Ah\v- CSp-ßn

b Hcp- Po-hn-Xam-Wp-≠m-bn-cn-°p-I.- Dbn¿-sØgp-t∂¬-∏n-s≥-d \m

fn¬- Ahs\ \mw- A‘\m-b \n-ebn¬- Fgp-t∂¬-∏n®p-sIm≠p-

hcp-∂Xm-Wv.- Ah≥- ]dbpw:- Fs≥-d c£n-Xm-th,- \o- F¥n-\m

sWs∂ A‘\m-b \n-ebn¬- Fgp-t∂¬-∏n-®p-sIm-≠p-h∂Xv?-

Rm≥- Im-gv-Nbp-≈h\m-bn-cp-∂t√m.- A√m-lp- ]dbpw-: Aßs\

Xs∂bmIp-∂p.- \n-\°v- \Ωp-sS Zrjv-Sm-¥ßƒ- hs∂Øp-Ibp

≠m-bn.- F∂n-´v- \o- AXp- ad∂p-If™p.- AXp-t]m-se C∂v- \o

bpw- hn-kv-acn-°s∏Sp-∂p'.-1

"Dbn¿-sØgp-t∂¬-∏n-s≥-d \m-fn¬- ap-Jw- \n-eØp-Ip-Øn-bhcm

bn-s°m-≠pw- A‘cpw- Du-aIfpw- _[n-ccp-am-bn-s°m-≠pw- \mw-

Ahsc Hcp-an-®v- Iq-´p-∂Xm-Wv.- Ahcp-sS kt¶Xw- \cIasX.-

AXv- AW™p-t]m-Ip-tºm-sg√mw- \mw- Ah¿-°v- Pz-m-e Iq- n-s°m-

Sp-°p-∂Xm-Wv'-2.

ssZhk∂n-[n-bn¬- sh®p-≈ a\p-jy-cp-sS hn-Nm-cWbm-Wv- ]n

∂o-Sv- \S°p-I.- clky-ßfpw- ]cky-ßfpw- Htct]m-se Adn-bp

∂ ]S®Xºp-cm-\m-Wv-- ]kv-Xp-X hn-Nm-cWbp-sS tae[n-Im-cnsb

∂Xn-\m¬- Ah∂p- ap-ºn¬- H∂pw- Xs∂ ad®p-sh°s∏Sp-Ibn√.-

a\p-jy¿- AXn-clky-am-bn- sNdn-b Ip-‰IrXy-ßsf√mw- tem-I

P\Xbp-sS km-∂n-[-y-Øn¬- hn-Nm-cW sNøs∏Sp-∂ AhkvY

sbm-∂v- Nn-¥n-®p- t\m-°p-I!- "Xo¿-®bm-bpw- \Ωp-sS ASp-tØ°m

Wv- Ahcp-sS aS°w.- ]n-∂o-Sv- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- \Ωp-sS _m-[y-XbmWv-

Ahcp-sS hn-Nm-cW'.3

"\n-ßfp-sS a\ p-Ifn-ep-≈Xv- \n-ßƒ- shfn-s∏Sp-Øn-bm-epw-

ad®p-sh®m-epw- A√m-lp- AXn-s≥-d t]cn¬- \n-ßtfm-Sv- IW°v-

tNm-Zn-°p-I Xs∂ sNøpw.-'-4

a\p-jy¿- sNbv-Xp-Iq-ń-b I¿-aßƒ-°v- Ah≥- GXhbhw-

sIm≠m-tWm- ]kv-Xp-X I¿-aw- sNbv-XXv- B Ahbhw- km-£n-

\n¬-°p-∂Xm-Wv-.- q-an-bn¬- sh®v- Xs≥-d Zp-jv-I¿-aßsf \ymbo-

Icn-°p-Ibpw- ]q-gv-Øn-sh°p-Ibpw- sNøp-hm-\m-bn- D]tbm-Kn-®ncp-

∂ \mhv- ap-Zsh°s∏Sp-Ibpw- Xßƒ- sNbv-X ]hrØn-Isf°p

dn-®v- IÆpw- Im-Xpw- ssIIm-ep-Ifpw- a‰hbhßfpw- kw-km-cn°m-

\m-cw- n-°p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xm-ep-≈ AhkvYsbm-∂v- Nn-¥n-®v- t\m°p-

I! `q-an-bn¬- Po-hn-®p-t]mb P\tIm-Sn-Ifp-sS ap-∂n¬-sh®v-

Cßs\ hn-Nm-cW sNøs∏Sp-tºmƒ- ]I¬-am-\y-∑m-cm-bn- Po-hn

Xw- \bn-®hcp-sS kv-Yn-Xn-sb¥m-bn-cn-°pw?- A√m-lp- ]dbp-∂p-:

"A∂v- \mw- Ahcp-sS hm-bIƒ-°v- ap-Zsh°p-∂Xpw- Ahcp-sS

ssIIƒ- \tΩm-Sv- kw-km-cn-°p-∂Xpw- Ah¿- ]h¿-Øn-®n-cp-∂Xn

s\∏‰n- Ahcp-sS Im-ep-Iƒ- km-£ywhln-°p-∂Xp-am-Wv'-1.-

Xßƒ- sNbv-X \∑Ifpw- Xn-∑Ifpw- Hm-tcm- hy-Iv-Xn-Ifp-sS

ap-∂n-epw lm-Pcm-°s∏Spw: "\∑bm-bpw Xn-∑bm-bpw- Xm≥- ]h¿

Øn-® Hm-tcm- Im-cy-hpw- (Xs≥-d ap-ºn¬-) lm-Pcm-°s∏´Xm-bn-

Hm-tcm- hy-Iv-Xn-bpw- Is≠Øp-∂ Zn-hkw-'.--2

"At∂Zn-hkw- a\p-jy¿- ]e kw-Lßfm-bn- ]p-ds∏Sp-∂Xm

Wv.- Ah¿-°v- Ahcp-sS I¿-aßƒ- Im-Wn-°s∏tS≠Xn-∂m-bn-´v.-

At∏mƒ- B¿- HcWp-hn-s≥-d Xq-°w- \∑ sNbv-Xn-cp-∂p-thm-

Ah\Xv- Im-Wpw.- B¿- HcWp-aWn-Øq-°w- Xn-∑ sNbv-Xn-cp-∂p

thm- AXpw- Ah≥- Im-Wpw'.-3

\∑Xn-∑Isf°p-dn-® hn-Nm-cWbv-°p-tijw- Xn-∑sIm-≠v- kz

Po-hn-Xw- Zp-jn-∏n-®hsc \cIØn-te°pw- k¬-I-¿-aßƒ-°v- BXv

am-hn-s\ ]tim-`n-Xam-°n-bhsc kz-¿-KØn-te°pw- Ab°p-∂p.-

\∑Iƒ- sIm-≠v- Po-hn-Xw- [\y-am-°n-bhcp-sS sNdn-b ]m-]ßƒ-

A√m-lp- s]m-dp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°pw.- ssZhØn-s≥-d GIXz-Øn¬- hn

iz-kn-°m-Øhcp-sS k¬-I¿-aßsf√mw- hrYm-hn-em-Ipw.- A√mlp-

h√m-Øhsc Bcm-[n-°p-I hgn- ssZhØn¬- ]¶ptN¿-ØhcpsS

]m-]ßƒ- Hcn-°epw- Xs∂ s]m-dp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°s∏Sp-Ibn-√.- Jp¿

B≥- ]dbp-∂p-: "Xt∂m-Sv- ]¶p-tN¿-°s∏Sp-∂Xv- A√m-lp- Hcn

1. Jp¿-B≥- 20: 124˛1262. Jp¿-B≥- 17: 973. Jp¿-B≥- 88: 25, 264. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 284

1. Jp¿-B≥- 36: 652. Jp¿-B≥- 3: 303. Jp¿-B≥- 99: 6˛8



°epw- Xs∂ s]m-dp-Øp- sIm-Sp-°pI-bn-√.- AsXm-gn-®p-≈sX√mw-

Ah≥- Dt±in-°p-∂h¿-°v- Ah≥- s]m-dp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°p-∂Xm-Wv.-

B¿- A√m-lpthm-Sv- ]¶ptN¿-Øp-thm- Ah≥- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- Kpcp-

Xcam-b Hcp- Ip-‰IrXy-am-Wv- Na®p-≠m-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv'-1.-

Cltem-IØv-sh®v- Im-cy-km-[y-Øn-\p-th≠n- H´\h[n- ip]m

¿-iI∑m-sc kao-]n-°p-∂hcm-Wv- a\p-jy¿.- AXp-t]m-seØs∂,-

k¿-hiIv-X\m-b ssZhØn-¶te°v- Xßƒ-°p-≈ ip-]m¿-iIcm-

sW∂v- ]d™v- A√m-lp-h√m-Øhsc Bcm-[n-°p-∂Xn-\v-- \ymbo-

IcWw- Is≠Øn-s°m-≠m-Wv- _lp-ssZhhn-izm-kn-Ifp-sS kaq

lßƒ- Xßfp-sS Zp¿-am¿-KØn-te°p-≈ ]Ya]Sn- Nhn-ń-bXv.-

F∂m¬,- ]ctem-IØv- Ahn-izm-kn-Isf \cIØn¬- \n-∂v- c£n

°p-hm≥- bm-sXm-cpip-]m¿-iIcp-ap-≠m-hn-√.- A√m-lp-hn-s≥-d

]cam-[n-Im-cØn\p-- Io-gn¬- \S°p-∂ ]ctem-Ihn-Nm-cWbn¬-

Ahs≥-d A\p-hm-ZtØm-Sp- Iq-Sn-b√m-sX B¿-°pw- Hcp- cq-]Øn

ep-≈ ip-]m¿-ibpw- sNøp-hm≥- km-[y-a√.- A√m-lp-hn-s≥-d A\p-

hm-ZtØm-Sp-Iq-Sn- \S°p-∂ ip-]m¿-ibm-Is´ Cu- tem-IØn-se

ip-]m¿-ibn¬- \n-∂v-- Xn-I®pw- hy-Xn-cn-Iv-Xam-bn-cn-°pw-; Nn-e ]tXy

I hy-Iv-Xn-Iƒ-°v- A√m-lp- \¬-Ip-∂ _lp-am-\y-Xbp-sS _ln¿-

]IS\am-bn-cn-°pw- ]kv-Xp-X ip-]m-¿-i.- A√m-lp-h√m-Øhsc

Bcm-[n-®p-sIm-≠v- ssZhtIm-]Øn-\v- hn-t[bam-bh¿-°v- ]ctem-

IØv- Bcp-sSbpw- bm-sXm-cpip-]m¿-ibp-w- e`n-°p-Ibn-√.- _lp-

ssZhhn-izm-kn-Ifm-b km-[m-cW°m-cpw- Ahcp-sS t\Xm-°fpw-

XΩn¬- ]ctem-IØv- sh®v- \S°p-∂ X¿-°Øn-\n-Sbn¬- Ah¿-

]dbp-∂ hcn-Iƒ- Jp¿-B≥- D≤cn-°p-∂Xn-ßs\bm-Wv:- "A√mlp-

hm-sW kXyw-.- \n-ßƒ-°v- Rßƒ- tem-Ic£n-Xm-hn-t\m-Sv- Xpey-

X I¬-]n-°p-∂ kabØv- Rßƒ- hy-Iv-Xam-b hgn-tISn¬-

Xs∂bm-bn-cp-∂p.- Rßsf hgn-]n-g∏n-®Xv- B Ip-‰hm-fn-If√msX

a‰m-cp-a√.- Ct∏mƒ- Rßƒ-°v- ip-]m-¿-iIcm-bn- Bcp-an-√.- D‰kp

lrØpan-√'-2.

Cltem-IØp-sh®v- Xym-Kßƒ- kln-®pw- ]bm-kßtfm-Sv-

]Sshń-bpw- sIm-≠v- kXy-hn-izm-kn-Ifm-bn- Po-hn-®h¿-°v- \¬I

s∏Sm-\n-cn-°p-∂ kz¿-KØn-se kp-Jku-Icy-ßƒ- hn-hcn-°p-∂

H´\h[n- kq-Iv-Xßƒ- Jp¿-B\n-ep-≠v.- ico-cØn-\pw- Bflm-hn

\pw-,- kw-Xr]v-Xnbpw- kt¥m-jhpw- kam-[m-\hpw- \¬-Ip-hm-\p-

XIp-∂ kw-hn-[m-\ßfm-Wv- kz¿-KØn-ep≈Xv.- ssZhn-Iam¿-K\n¿-

tZißƒ- ]m-en-®p-sIm-≠v- q-an-bn-se "ss\an-jn-I kp-J'-ßfn¬-

\n-∂v- AI∂p-- \n-∂h¿-°v- ]ctem-IØp-sh®v- e`n-°p-hm-\n-cn-°p-

∂Xv- im-iz-Xam-b kp-Jku-Icy-ßfm-Wv.- `q-an-bn¬- hn-e°p-

hmßp-∂ "kp-J'-ßƒ- im-co-cn-I kw-Xr]v-Xn-˛AXpw- Hcfhp

hsc˛am-Xw- ]Zm-\w- sNøp-∂hbm-Wv.- ]ctem-IØn-se im-izX

kp-Jam-Is´,- im-co-cn-Ihpw- am-\kn-Ihpw- Bflo-bhp-am-b

B\µßƒ- \¬-Ip-∂hbm-Wv.-

kz¿-KsØ im-¥n-bp-sS h\sa∂m-Wv- A√m-lp- hn-tijn-∏n®n-

cn-°p-∂Xv.- Ahn-sSbp-≈ am-em-Jam-cp-sS Biw-k am-Xw- aXn-

kXy-hn-izm-kn-Ifp-sS a\ n-s\ Ip-fn-cWn-bn-°p-hm≥.- A√m-lp-

hn-s≥-d Im-cp-Wy-Øn-\v- Io-gn¬- Po-hn-°p-∂ kXy-hn-iz-m-kn-Iƒ°v-

Ahn-sS kºq¿-W kam-[m-\am-bcn-°pw.- Jp-¿B≥- ]dbp-∂p-:

"Ah¿-°v- Ahcp-sS c£n-Xm-hn-s≥-dbSp-°¬- kam-[m-\Øn-s≥d

`h\ap-≠v.- Ah≥- Ahcp-sS c£m-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cn-°pw.- Ah¿-

]h¿-Øn-®n-cp-∂Xn-s≥-d êasX AXv'-.-1

"kv-Yn-chm-kØn-\p-≈ kz-¿-KtØm-∏p-Iƒ.- Ahcpw- Ahcp-sS

]n-Xm-°fn¬- \n-∂pw,-- CWIfn¬- \n-∂pw- k¥Xn-Ifn¬- \n-∂pw-

kZv-hrØcm-bn-´p-≈hcpw- AXn¬- ]thin-°p-∂Xm-Wv.- ae°p-

Iƒ- F√m- hm-Xn-en-eq-sSbpw- Ahcp-sS ASp-°¬- IS∂p-h∂n-´v-

]dbpw: "\n-ßƒ- £a ssIs°m-≠Xn\m-¬- \n-ßƒ-°v- kam-[m-

\w-!'- At∏mƒ- tem-IØn-s≥-d ]cy-hkm-\w- FX \√Xv'-2.

ssZhn-I hn-[n-hn-e°p-If\p-kcn-®v- Po-hn-® a\p-jy¿-°p-th≠n-

Xm≥- Hcp-°n-sh®n-cn-°p-∂ kz-¿-KØn-te°v- Ahsc kzo-Icn-®p-

sIm-≠v- A√m-lp- ]dbp-∂ ]Zßƒ- GsXm-cp- kXy-hn-izm-kn

sbbm-Wv- ]p-fIw- sIm-≈n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I.- A√m-lp- kXy-hn-izmkn-

Isf kzm-KXw- sNøp-∂ hm-°p-Iƒ- Jp¿-B≥- hn-hcn-°p-∂Xnß

s\bm-Wv: "tl,- kam-[m-\aS™ Bflm-th,- \o- \n-s≥-d c£nXm-

1. Jp¿-B≥- 4: 482. Jp¿-B≥- 26: 97˛101

1. Jp¿-B≥- 6: 1272. Jp¿-B≥- 13: 24, 25



hn-¶te°v- Xr]v-Xn-s∏´p-sIm-≠pw- Xr]v-Xn- e`n-®p-sIm-≠pw- aSßn-

s°m-≈p-I.- Fs≥d kz¿-KØn¬- ]thin-®p-sIm-≈p-I.'1

kjv-Smhn-s≥-d BPv-Rb\p-kcn-®p-sIm-≠v- `q-an-bn¬- sh®v-

GsX√mw- kp-Jku-Icy-ßƒ- kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ- shSn-™p-thm-

B kp-Jku-Icy-ßsf√m-w- im-iz-Xam-bn- A\p- hn-°p-hm≥- Ah

¿-°v- kz¿-KØn¬- sh®v- km-[n-°pw.- kz¿-KØn-se im-co-cn-IkpJ

ßƒ- u-Xn-Iam-b h¿-W\Iƒ-°Xo-Xam-Wv.- £Wam-Is´ ]m\o-

bam-Is´ CWIfm-Is´ qan-bn¬- e`n-°p-∂sXm-∂pw- \q-dpiXam

\w- Ip-‰a‰Xm-sW∂v- ]dbp-I km-[y-a√t√m.- F∂m¬- kz¿-KØn

se kv-Yn-Xn- CXn¬- \n-∂v- hy-Xy-kv-Xam-Wv.- Ahn-sS e`n-°p∂

sX¥pw- ]cn-ip-≤am-bn-cn-°pw; Ip-‰a‰Xm-bn-cn-°pw.- AXp-sIm-≠p-

Xs∂ `q-an-bn-se hn-`hßfp-am-bn- Ahsb Xm-cXayw- sNøm-\m-

hn-√.- kz-¿-Ko-b kp-Jßsf°p-dn-® GXm-\pw- Jp¿-B≥- kq-IvX

ßƒ- t\m-°p-I:

"Fs≥d- Zm-k∑tc,- C∂v- \n-ßƒ-°v- bm-sXm-cp- `bhp-an-√.- \n

ßƒ- Zpx-Jn-t°≠Xp-an-√.- \Ωp-sS Zrjv-Sm-¥ßfn¬- hn-iz-kn-°p-

Ibpw- Io-gv-]s∏´p- Po-hn-°p-Ibpw- sNbv-XhcsX (\n-ßƒ-).- \nß

fpw- \n-ßfp-sS CWIfpw- kt¥m-j`cn-Xcm-bn-s°m-≠v- kz¿KØn

¬- ]thin-®p- sIm-≈p-I.- kz¿-WØn-s≥d Xfn-IIfpw- ]m-\]mX

ßfpw- Ah¿-°v- Np-‰pw- sIm-≠p- \S°s∏´pw.- a\ p-Iƒ- sImXn-

°p-∂Xpw- IÆp-Iƒ-°v- B\µIchp-am-b Im-cy-ßƒ- Ahn-sSbp-

≠m-bn-cn-°pw.- \n-ßƒ- Ahn-sS \n-Xy-hm-kn-Ifm-bn-cn-°pIbpw-

sNøpw.- \n-ßƒ- ]h¿-Øn-®p- sIm-≠n-cp-∂Xn-s≥-d eam-bn- \nß

ƒ-°v- AhIm-is∏Sp-Øn-Ø∂n- p-≈ kz¿-KasX AXv.- \n-ßƒ°

Xn¬- ]gßƒ- [m-cm-fam-bn- D≠m-Ipw.- AXn¬- \n-∂v- \n-ßƒ-°v-

`£n-°mw'.-1

"Xo¿-®bm-bpw- hn-iz-kn-°p-Ibpw- k¬-I¿-aßƒ- ]h¿-Øn-°p

Ibpw- sNbv-Xhcm-tcm- AØcw- k¬-]h¿-Ø\w- \SØp-∂ bm

sXm-cm-fp-sSbpw- ]Xn- ew- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- ]m-gm-°p-∂X√.- A°q-

´¿-°m-Ip-∂p- kv-Yn-cm-hkØn-\p-≈ kz¿-KtØm-∏p-Iƒ.- AhcpsS

Xm-gv- m-KØp-Iq-Sn- Acp-hn-Iƒ- Hgp-In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xm-Wv.- t\cn

bXpw- Iń-bp-≈Xp-am-b ]®∏´p- hkv-Xßƒ- Ah¿- [cn-°p-Ibpw-

sNøpw.- Ahn-sS Ah¿- Ae¶cn-® Iń-ep-Ifn¬- Nm-cn-bn-cp-∂p-

hn-ian-°p-∂hcm-bn-cn-°pw.- FX hn-in-jv-Sam-b ]Xn- ew-! FX

DZm-Øam-b hn-iakv-Yew-!'-1

"kq-£v-aXbp-≈h¿-°v- hmKv-Zm-\w- sNøs∏ń-´p-≈ kz¿-KØn

s≥-d Ahkv-Y Fßs\sb∂m¬- AXn¬- ]I¿-® hcm-Ø sh

≈Øn-s≥-d Acp-hn-Ifp-≠v.- cp-Nn-t`Zw- hcm-Ø ]m-en-s≥-d Acphn-

Ifpw- Ip-Sn-°p-∂h¿-°v- Bkzm-Zy-am-b aZy-Øn-s≥-d Acp-hn-Ifpw-

ip≤o-Icn-°s∏´ tX\n-s≥-d Acp-hn-Ifp-ap-≠v.- Ah¿-°Xn¬-

F√m-Xcw- Im-bv-I\n-Ifp-ap-≠v.- Xßfp-sS c£n-Xm-hn-¶¬- \n-∂p-

≈ ]m-]tam-N\hp-ap-≠v.'2

"A√m-lp-hn-s≥-d \n-jv-If¶cm-b Zm-k∑m¿- CXn¬- (in£I

fn¬-)- \n-s∂m-gn-hm-Ip-∂p.- Aßs\bp-≈h¿-°m-Ip-∂p- Adn-bs∏´

D]Po-h\w.- hn-hn-[Xcw- ]gh¿-Kßƒ-.- ku-`m-Ky-Øn-s≥-d kz¿K

tØm-∏p-Ifn-epw- Ah¿- BZcn-°s∏Sp-∂hcm-bn-cn-°pw.- Ah¿- Nn

e Iń-ep-Ifn¬- ]ckv-]cw- A`n-ap-Jam-bn- Ccn-°p-∂hbm-bn-cn

°pw.- Hcp- Xcw- Ddhp-Pew- \n-d® tIm-∏Iƒ- Ahcp-sS Np-‰pw-

sIm-≠p- \S°s∏Spw.- shfp-ØXpw- Ip-Sn-°p-∂h¿-°v- lrZy-hpam-

b ]m-\o-bw.- AXn¬- bm-sXm-cp- tZm-jhp-an-√.- AXv- \n-an-Øw- Ah¿-

°v- elcn- _m-[n-°p-Ibp-an-√.- Zrjv-Sn- \n-b¥n-°p-∂hcpw- hnim

et\Xßfp-≈hcp-am-b kv-Xo-Iƒ- Ahcp-sSbSp-Øv- D≠m-bn

c°pw.- kq-£n-®p-sh°s∏´ ap- Iƒ- t]m-sebm-bn-cn-°pw- Ah¿'.3

ssZhn-I hn-[n-hn-e°p-If\p-kcn-®v- Po-hn-°p-∂Xv- ]p-cp-j\mbm-

epw- kv-Xo-bm-bm-epw- Ah¿- kz-¿-KØn¬- ]thin-°s∏Sp-∂Xm

sW∂m-Wv- Jp-¿-B≥- hy-Iv-Xam-°p-∂Xv.- ]p-cp-j≥- A\p- hn-°p∂

kp-Jku-Icy-ßƒ-°p- Xpey-am-b kp-Jku-Icy-ßƒ- kz¿-

KØn¬- ]thin-∏n-°s∏Sp-∂ kv-Xo-Ifpw- A\p- hn-°p-∂Xm-Wv.-

kv-Xo-bm-sW∂ Im-cWØm¬- am-Xw- AhKWn-°s∏Sp-Itbm-

AhaXn-°s∏Sp-Itbm- sNøp-Ibn-√.- Jp¿-B≥- ]dbp-∂p: ""B

Wm-Is´,- s]Æm-Is´,- B¿- kXy-hn-izm-kn-bm-bn-s°m-≠v- k¬I-

1. Jp¿-B≥- 89: 27-˛302. Jp¿-B≥- 43: 68˛73

1. Jp¿-B≥- 18: 30, 312. Jp¿-B≥- 47: 153. Jp¿-B≥- 37: 40˛49



¿-aßƒ- sNøp-∂p-thm- Ah¿- kz¿-KØn¬- ]thin-°p-∂Xm-Wv.-

Ahtcm-Sv- Hcp- Xcn-ºpw- A\o-Xn- Im-Wn-°s∏Sp-∂X√''.-1

kz¿-Khm-kn-Iƒ- A\p-`hn-°p-∂ im-co-cn-Ikp-Jßƒ-°v- ]pd

sabp-≈ Bflbo-\p- q-Xn-Ifn-sem-∂m-Wv- A√m-lp-hn-s≥-d ]o-Xn-

kºmZn-°p-Isb∂Xv.- kz¿-KØn-se im-co-cn-Ikp-Jßsf°p-dn®p-

hn-hcn-® tijw- Jp¿-B≥- ]dbp-∂Xv- i≤n-°p-I: "F∂m¬- A√m

lp-hn-¶¬- \n-∂p-≈ ]o-Xn-bm-Wv- G‰hpw- hep-Xv.- AXsX al

Øm-b hn-Pbw.-'-2

A√m-lp-hn-s≥-d ]o-Xn-bpw- kvt\lhpw- Ickv-Yam-°p-hm≥-

km-[n-°p-∂Xn-epw- hen-b ù-Xn-I kp-Jßsfm-∂pw- Xs∂bn-√;

Xo¿-®.-

kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ-°v- kz¿-KØn¬- sh®p-≠m-Ip-∂ Ahm-Nyam

b Hcp A\p`qXnbmWv k¿hiIvX\mb A√mlphns≥d Z¿i

\w. kvYeIme_\v[\Ønencn°p∂ a\pjy\v kvYeImemXo

X\mb kjvSmhns\ Cu temIØp sh®v ImWphm≥ km[n°p

Ibn√. F∂m¬ ]ctemIØp sh®v kz¿KmhIminIƒ°v A√m

lphns≥d hZ\w Z¿in°phm≥ Ignbpw. AXnepw \b\m\µI

camb Imcysa¥mWv? \sΩ krjvSn®p ]cn]men°p∂h\mb

k¿hIiIvXs\ ImWm≥ Ignbp∂Xnepw henb kwKXnsb

¥mWv? \_n Xncpta\n Cßs\ ]d™p: "kz¿K°m¿ kz¿K

Ønepw \cI°m¿ \cIØnepw IS∂m¬ Cßs\ Adnbn∏p

≠mIpw. "kz¿K°msc! \nßƒ°v A√mlp Hcp hm°pX∂n´p

≠v. AXv \ndth‰m≥ Ah≥ IcpXp∂p'. X¬kabw Ah¿ ]d

bpw: "AsX¥mWv? RßfpsS XpemkpIƒ ap≥Xq°w XqßpI

bpw apJßƒ ssNX\yhØmhpIbpw Rßsf kz¿KØn¬

]thin∏n°pIbpw \cIw Hgnhm°n°n´pIbpw sNbvXnt√?'

B kabw Ah¿°v ad \o°s∏Spw. Ah¿ Ahs\ t\m°pw.

A√mlphns\ Z¿in°pIsb∂Xpt]mse ]Yyhpw \b\m\µI

chpamb as‰mcp Imcyhpw Ah¿°v- Ah≥ sImSpØnń√Xs∂.'3

]S®Xºpcms≥d BPvRIƒ AXnewLn°pI hgn kz¥w

Bflmhns\ aen\s∏SpØnbh¿°v ]ctemIØpsh®v ITn\am

b in£ \¬Is∏Spw. ]hmNI∑msc \ntj[n°pIbpw A√m

lphn\v ]pdsa a‰p ]escbpw hnfn®p-]m¿Y-n°pIbpw ]m]ß

fm¬ XßfpsS CltemIPohnXsØ tæNvOam°pIbpw- sNbv

Xh¿°v \¬Ip∂ ]XnêasX IØn°cnbp∂ \cIw. \cI

Ønsednbs∏Sp∂h¿ ssZhnIhn[nhne°pIƒ Im‰n¬ ]dØn

X∂njvSw ]h¿Øn®hcmWv; acWm\¥c PohnXsØbpw kz¿

KsØbpw \cIsØbpw Ipdn®v ap∂dnbn∏v \¬Inbt∏mƒ ssZ

hZqX∑mscbpw A\pbmbnIsfbpw ]cnlkn®hcmWv; acWm\

¥cap≈ imizXkz¿KØn\p ]Icw CltemIØnse ss\an

jnIkpJßsf hne°phmßnbhcmWv. Ah¿ ITn\amb in£

A¿ln°p∂p. Ah¿°v \¬Is∏Sm\ncn°p∂ \cIØns≥d

òIcX hyIvXam°p∂ GXm\pw Jp¿B≥ kqIvXßƒ i≤n

°pI:

"Xo¿®bmbpw \ΩpsS sXfnhpIƒ \ntj[n®hsc \mw \cI

Ønen v Icn°p∂XmWv. AhcpsS sXmenIƒ sh¥pt]mhptºm

sg√mw Ah¿°v thsd sXmenIƒ \mw am‰ns°mSp°p∂XmWv.

Ah¿ in£ BkzZn®psIm≠ncn°phm≥ th≠nbmWXv.

Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlp ]Xm]hm\pw bpIvXnam\pamIp∂p'1

"kXyhnizmknItf, kztZlßtfbpw \nßfpsS _\v[p°

sfbpw a\pjycpw I√pIfpw C‘\ambn´p≈ \cImKv\nbn¬

\n∂v \nßƒ ImØpc£n°pI. AXns≥d ta¬t\m´Øn\v

]cpj kz`mhap≈hcpw AXniIvXcpamb ae°pIfp≠mbncn

°pw. A√mlp AhtcmSv I¬]n® ImcyØn¬ Aht\mSh¿

A\pkcWt°Sv ImWn°pIbn√. AhtcmSv I¬∏n°s∏Sp∂

sX¥pw Ah¿- ]h¿Øn°pIbpw sNøpw.-'2

"Ahs≥d ]n∂mse Xs∂bp≠v \cIw. tNmcbpw Nehpw

Ie¿∂ \ocn¬ \n∂mbncn°pw Ah∂v IpSn°m≥ \¬Is∏Sp

∂Xv. AXh≥ Iogvt]mńd°m≥ ian°pw. AXv sXm≠bn¬

\n∂nd°m≥ Ah∂v Ignt™°pIbn√. F√mbnSØp \n∂pw

acWw Ahs≥d t\¿°v hcpw. F∂m¬ Ah≥ acWs∏SpIbn√1. Jp¿-B≥- 4: 1242. Jp¿-B≥- 8: 723. ap-kv-enw-

1. Jp¿-B≥- 4: 562. Jp¿-B≥- 66: 6



Xm\pw. AXns≥d ]n∂mseXs∂bp≠v ItTmcamb thsdbpw

in£'1

"F∂m¬ Ahnizkn®hcmtcm Ah¿°v AKv\n sIm≠p≈

hkvXßƒ apdn®p sImSp°s∏Sp∂XmWv. AhcpsS Xebv°p

aosX Xnfbv°p∂ sh≈w sNmcnbs∏Sp∂XmWv. AXp\nanØw

AhcpsS hbdpIfnep≈Xpw N¿aßfpw- Dcp°s∏Spw. Ah¿°v

Ccpºns≥d ZfipIfpap≠mbncn°pw. AXn¬ \n∂v ITn\

t¢iw \nanØw ]pdØpt]mIm≥ Ah¿ Dt±in°ptºmsg√mw

AXnte°v Xs∂ Ah¿ aS°s∏Sp∂XmWv. "Fcn®p Ifbp∂

in£ \nßƒ BkzZn®psIm≈pI'(F∂v AhtcmSv ]dbs∏

SpIbpw sNøpw).-'2

"Xo¿®bmbpw "kJvJqw' hr£amIp∂p (\cIØn¬) ]m]n

bpsS Blmcw. DcpInb temlw t]mencn°pw (AXns≥d I\n).

NqSpsh≈w Xnfbv°p∂Xpt]mse AXv hbdpIfn¬ Xnfbv°pw.

\nßƒ Ahs\ ]nSn°q. F∂n´v \cIØns≥d a[-yØnte°v

hen®ng°q. A\¥cw NqSpsh≈w sIm≠p≈ in£ Ahs≥d

Xebv°paosX \nßƒ sNmcnt™°q (F∂v \n¿tZin°

s∏Spw).-''3

""F∂m¬ \n¿`mKyaS™hcmIs´, Ah¿ \cIØnembncn

°pw. Ah¿°hnsS s\Spho¿∏pw tXßn°c®nepamWp≠mbncn

°pI. BImißfpw `qanbpw \ne\n¬°pt∂StØmfw Ahc

Xn¬ \nXyhmknIfmbncn°pw.-''4

""B Znhkw Ip‰hmfnIsf NßeIfn¬ At\ym\yw tN¿Øv

_\v[n°s∏´Xmbn´v \n\°v ImWmw. AhcpsS Ip∏mbßƒ

IdpØ SmdpsIm≠p≈Xmbncn°pw. AhcpsS apJßsf Xo

s]mXnbp∂XmWv.-''5

kjvSmhpw kwc£I\pamb A√mlp Adnbn®pX∂ Imcy

ßƒ AtXt]m-se hnizkn°pI amXsa ]ctemIØns≥d

ImcyØn¬ \ap°v sNøm≥ Ignbq. Cu hnhcWßfn¬ \n∂v

Hcp Imcyw hyIvXamhp∂p. a\pjyPohnXØns≥d ]caamb e

£yw ]ctemItam£amIWsa∂ ImcyamWXv. CltemIØn

se kpJhpw ZpxJhpsa√mw \izcamWv. ChnSpsØ kpJku

Icyßƒ°p th≠n imizXamb kz¿KsØ \jvSs∏SpØp∂

h¿ alm\jvS°mcmWv. \cIØn¬ \n∂p c£s∏´p kz¿KØn

¬ ]thin°m≥ km[n°p∂XmWv G‰hpw alØmb `mKyw.

Jp¿B≥ ]d™sXX icn! "GsXmcp tZlhpw acWw Bkz

Zn°p∂XmWv. \nßfpsS ]Xnêßƒ Dbn¿sØgpt∂¬∏n

s≥d \mfn¬ amXsa \nßƒ°p ]q¿Wambn \¬Is∏SpIbp

≈q. At∏mƒ B¿ \cIØn¬ \n∂v AI‰n \n¿Øs∏SpIbpw

kz¿KØn¬ ]thin∏n°s∏SpIbpw sNøp∂pthm Ah\mWv

hnPbw t\Sp∂Xv. sFlnIPohnXw I_fn∏n°p∂ Hcp

hn`ha√msX as‰m∂pa√.-'1

1. Jp¿-B≥- 14: 16, 172. Jp¿-B≥- 22: 19˛223. Jp¿-B≥- 44: 43˛484. Jp¿-B≥- 11: 106, 1075. Jp¿-B≥- 14: 49, 50 5. Jp¿-B≥- 3: 185



hn[nhnizmkw

Cu ]]©Ønse sNdpXpw hepXpamb hkvXp°ƒs°√mw

AhbptSXmb Nne kz`mh khntijXIfpw hyhkvYIfpw

A√mlp \nivNbn®n´p≠v. Cu ssZhnI\nivNbØn¬ \n∂v

sX∂namdns°m≠v ktNX\tam AtNX\tam Bb bmsXmcp

hkvXphn\pw \ne\n¬°m\mhn√. a\pjycpw a‰p PohPmeßfp

aS°w kq£vakvYqe ]]©ßfnse apgph≥ ]Xn`mkßfpw

ssZhhn[n ]Imcw hyhkvYm]nXambmWv \ne\n¬°p∂sX∂

hnizmkamWv CkvemanI hn[nhnizmkØns‚- ImX¬.

]m]©nI]Xn`mkßsf√mw hyhkvYm]nXamsW∂ Imcy

Øn¬ c≠`n]mban√. Cu hyhkvYbv-°v ]n∂n¬ tIhe bmZr

Nv-O-nIXmbWp≈sX∂ uXnIhmZho£Ww _p≤n°pw bpIv

Xn°pw \nc°mØXmWv. ]m]©nI hyhkvY°p\nanØamb

\nbaßƒ I≠p]nSn°phm≥ a\pjy\v km[n°p∂psh∂ hkv

XpXsbmcn°epw \nbaZmXmhns≥d AkvXnXzsØ \ntj[n°p

∂n√. AXym[p\nI KWnXkt¶Xßfp]tbmKn®v- \n¿≤mcWw

sNbvsXSp°p∂ ]m]©nIhyhkvYbv-°p ]n∂nse \nbaßfp

sS kqXhmIyßƒ \nbaZmXmhns≥d APøXbmWv shfns∏

SpØp∂Xv. Hmtcm hkvXphns≥dbpw krjvSn∏n\p apºv AXn

s\mcp hyhkvY \nivNbn°s∏ń´p≠v. uXnIhmZnIƒ ]IrXn

\nbaw F∂p hnfn°p∂Xv Cu hyhkvYsbbmWv. am‰an√msX

\ne\n¬°p∂ ]IrXn\nbaw Xs∂bmWv ssZhnIhn[n. ]Ir

Xn\nbaßsf am‰nadn°phm≥ krjvSnIƒs°m∂pw km[yas√

∂v uXnIhmZnIƒ kΩXn°ptºmƒ ssZhnI hn[nbpsS AP

øX AwKoIcn°pIbmWv Ah¿ sNøp∂Xv.

ssZhnIhn[nbn¬ \n∂v sX∂namdphm≥ krjvSnIƒs°m

∂pw km[ya√. kqcyNµ∑mcpsS Ne\w Xs∂ DZmlcWamsb

Sp°mw. AhbpsS ]cnamWØn¬ A¬]sa¶nepw am‰w hcpØm

≥ B¿°mWv IgnbpI? kqcy≥, AXpƒs°m≈p∂ £oc]Y

XmcmkaqlØns≥d tIµsØ hrØmImcamb ]YØneqsS

sk°≥dn¬ 250 Intemao‰¿ thKXbn¬ Np‰ns°m≠ncn°p∂p.

"kqcy≥, AXn∂v kvYncambp≈ Hcp kvYm\tØ°v k©cn°p

∂p. ]Xm]nbpw k¿hPvR\pamb A√mlp IW°m°nbXmWn

Xv.-'1 qan°p Np‰pw Hcp ]mhiyw àWw sNøphm≥ Nµs\Sp°p

∂ kabw 27 Znhkw 7 aWn°q¿ 43 an\n‰v 11.47 sk°≥dmWv.

"kqcy\pw Nµ\pw Hcp IW°\pkcn®mIp∂p (k©cn°p∂

Xv).'2 ssZhnIamb Cu hyhkvY \n¿Wbn°p∂Xn¬ Hcp

krjvSn°pw bmsXmcp ]¶pan√. kqcyNµ\£XmZnIfpsS

kjvSmhpXs∂ AhbpsS hyhkvYbpw \nivNbn®ncn°p∂p.

]kvXpX ssZhnIhn[n A\yq\hpw ]amZapIvXhpasX.

Adnbs∏ńStØmfw ]]©Øn¬ Poh≥ \ne\n¬°p∂

GIkvYeamWv qan. At\I tImSn Xmcmkaqlßfnsem∂mb

BImi KwKbnse At\Ie£w \£Xßfnsem∂mb kqcy

s≥d HºXv Klßfnsem∂mWnXv. ]]©Øn\v s]mXpshbp

≈ hyhkvY `qan°pw _m[IamWv. ssZhnIhn[n ]Imcw

Xs∂bmWv qanbnse Hmtcm ]Xn`mkßfpw \ne\n¬°p∂Xv.

`qanbpsS kzbw àWØneqsSbp≈ cm∏IepIfpsS am‰w

apX¬ hyXykvXßfmb X∑mXIfpsS LS\ hsc ssZhnI

hn[n ]ImcamWv kwhn[m\n°s∏ńcn°p∂Xv. qan kzbw à

WØns\Sp°p∂ kabamb 23 aWn°q¿ 56 an\p´v 4.09 sk°

≥dn¬ A¬]sa¶nepw am‰whcpØm≥ krjvSnIƒ°v Ignbp

tam? c≠v sslUP≥ B‰ßfpw Hcp HmIvknP≥ B‰hpw IqSn

t®¿∂mWv Hcp PeX∑mXbp≠mhp∂sX∂ ssZhnIhn[nsb

]-Xn-s\-∂v

1. Jp¿-B≥- 36: 382. Jp¿-B≥- 55: 5

hn[nhnizmkw 167


B¿°pw am‰nadn°m\mhn√. ssZhnIhn[nbpsS ASnkvYm\X

Ø-zw a\ nem°m\pXIp∂ Jp¿B≥ hmIyw Cßs\bmWv.

"Xo¿®bmbpw GXp hkvXpshbpw \mw krjvSn®n´p≈Xv Hcp

hyhkvY (JZvdv) ]ImcamIp∂p'.-1

Poh\p≈ hkvXp°fpw Cu ssZhnI hn[n°XoXa√. ssPh

hkvXphns\ \n¿an°m\p]tbmKn®ncn°p∂ CjvSnIIsf∂p

hntijn∏n°s∏Sp∂ PohtImißƒ apX¬ G‰hpw k¶o¿W

amb Ahbhamb akvXnjvIw hsc ssZhnI hyhkvY°\pkr

XambmWv \ne\n¬°p∂Xv. B¿°pw am‰phm≥ IgnbmØXm

Wo hyhkvYsb∂ ImcyØn¬ n∂m`n]mban√. PohtImiß

fnse hyhkvY imkvXPvR∑msc AXv pXkvX_v[cm°pIbm

Wv sNbvXncn°p∂Xv. tImißƒ°p≈nse tImatkmapIfnse

Po\pIfn¬ tcJs∏SpØs∏´ P\nXItImUpIfmWv PohnI

fpsS kz`mhw \n¿Wbn°p∂Xv. Iiph≠n Ipgn®n´m¬

amhp≠mImXncn°p∂Xv AXnse P\nXItImUpIƒ Aßs\

A\pimkn°p∂Xn\memWv. P∑\m e`n°p∂ kz`mh khnti

jXIƒ P\nXItImUn¬ tcJs∏SpØs∏ń´p≈hbmWvv.

]qh≥tImgn Iqhp∂Xp apX¬ ]penbpsS iucyw hscbp≈

kz`mhßsf√mw Po\pIfn¬ tcJs∏SpØnbn´ps≠∂¿Y-w.

Nne PohnIfpsS P∑hmk\Iƒ \mKcnI a\pjys\t∏mepw

AXv`pXs∏SpØp∂p. ssiXyImeØv B¿ń°n¬ \n∂p ]pd

s∏´v ]Xnt\gmbncw Intemao‰¿ ]d∂v th\emIptºmtg°pw

A‚m¿ń°nseØnt®cpIbpw AhnsS A¬] Znhkw Xßnb

tijw Xm≥ h∂ AtX hgnbneqsS ]pds∏´ IrXykvYeØv

Xs∂ Xncns®ØpIbpw sNøp∂ B¿ńIvtS¨. k¿Kmtkmbp

sS AKm[XIfn¬ sh®v ap´hncn™v ]pdØph∂v \membnc

tØmfw Intemao‰¿ Zqcw Bcpw hgnImWn°m\n√msX k©cn

®v XßfpsS "amXmhv' ]pds∏´ AtX kvYeØv FØnt®cp∂

Bc¬ a¬kyßƒ. hÆap≈ acßƒ apdns®SpØv X\n°m

hiyap≈ coXnbnep≈ ]WnØcam°n am‰n \Zn°cbn¬

"Fb¿ I≠oj≥' sNbvX hoSp\n¿an°p∂ Imńse F©n\ob

sd∂p hnfn°s∏Sp∂ _oh¿. Nne ]tXyI Xcw \rØßfneq

sS XßfpsS Iq´mfnIƒ°v ]q°fp≈ kvYesØ°pdn®v

hyIvXamb hnhcw \¬Ip∂ tX\o®Iƒ. kzicocØn¬ \n∂p

Adp∂qdv hmƒ v hsc iIvXnbp≈ sshZypXnbp¬]mZn∏n°p∂

tSm¿]ntUm, \m¿kn¬ XpSßnb a¬kyh¿Kßƒ. Xs≥d

]n∂n¬ hcp∂h¿°p hgn ImWn°phm\mbn s^tdmtamWpIƒ

F∂ cmkktµiab°p∂ DdpºpIƒ. acp`qanbn¬ Pohn°phm

\mhiyamb F√m A\pIqe\ßfpap≈ HÍßƒ. kzicoc

Øn¬ \S°p∂ cmk]h¿Ø\ßfneqsS ]Imiw \n¿an°phm

≥ Ignbp∂ an∂man\pßpIƒ. kqcys\ Bkv]Zam°n icnbmb

Zni a\ nem°p∂ cmPR≠pIƒ. ChbpsS Cu kz`mh ssh

injvSyßsf√mw Po\pIfn¬ tcJs∏ń´ps≠∂mWv P\nXI

imkvXw hyIvXam°p∂Xv. Cu kz`mhßfn¬ \n∂v AWp

Afhv hyXnNen°phm≥ ]kvXpX PohnIƒ°v km[ya√.

tX\o®°v jUv`pPmIrXnbn¬ amXta IqSp≠m°m\mhq.

XntImWIrXnbntem NXp¿`pPmIrXnbntem IqSp≠m°m\m

hn√. ssZhnIhyhkvYbn¬ \n∂v AWpAfhv hyXnNen°p

hm≥ PohnIƒs°m∂pamhns√∂¿Y-w.

A√mlphns≥d AXyp¬IrjvSkrjvSnbmb a\pjy\pw

ssZhhn[nbn¬ \n∂p apIvX\√. kzbw \nb¥n°m≥ Ignbp∂

GXm\pw Ahbhßƒ amXta a\pjy\p≈q. Ah Xs∂ Ah

s≥d ]q¿Wamb \nb¥WØn\p IognemsW∂p ]dbm\mhn√.

ssIhncepIƒ Cf°phm\p≈ \ΩpsS Ignhv Ahbv°p≈nse

AkvYnIfpsS \ne\n¬∏pambn _\v[s∏´Wncn°p∂Xv. a\p

jy icocØnse hyhkvYIfnsem∂pt]mepw \ΩpsS ]q¿Wam

b \nb¥WØn\p Iogne√. \ΩpsS BImcw apX¬ hnImcß

ƒ hsc Po\pIfn¬ tcJs∏SpØs∏ń´ps≠∂mWv B[p\nI

P\nXIw hyIvXam°p∂Xv. a\pjyicocØn¬ Znt\\ \St°

≠ ]h¿Ø\ßƒ apgph≥ Po\pIfn¬ tcJs∏SpØs∏ń´p

≠sX. Cßs\ a\pjys≥d Hcp ZnhksØ ]h¿Ø\ßsf

°pdn°p∂ P\nXI BteJ\ßƒ amXw enJnX `mjbn¬

\mw cNn°m\ncn°pIbmsW¶n¬ Bbnc°W°n\v hmeyßƒ

th≠nhcpsa∂mWv imkvXPvR∑mcpsS ]£w. a\pjys≥d

Cµnbßfpw Ahbhßfpw hyhkvYIfpsa√mw ]h¿Øn°p1. Jp¿-B≥- 54: 49

168 hn[nhnizmkw 169


∂Xv Cu P\nXI \n¿tZ-ißƒ°\pkcn®mWv. ssZhnIhn[n

bn¬ \n∂v a\pjy≥ kzX¥\msW∂ hmZw Igºn√mØXmWv.

]]©amkIew ssZhhyhkvY°\pkrXambn Nen®psIm≠n

cn°ptºmƒ a\pjy\v amXw ]kvXpX hyhkvYbn¬ \n∂v

apIvXamIm\mhn√. Ah\pw ssZhhn[n ]Imcw Xs∂bmWv

Pohn®p sIm≠ncn°p∂Xv. "Hcp _oPØn¬ \n∂v Ahs\

(A√mlp) krjvSn°pIbpw F∂n´v Ahs\ (Ahs≥d Imcyw)

hyhkvYs∏SpØpIbpw sNbvXp'.1

a\pjys≥d P\\w apX¬ acWwhscbp≈ Imcyßsf√mw

ssZhhn[n°\pkrXambmWv \S°p∂Xv. ]nXmhv khn®

e£°W°n\v _oPßfn¬ e£WsamØ H∂v amXmhns≥d

K¿`mibØnse Afihpambn ktbmPn®t∏mgmWv \Ωfp

≠mbXv. as‰mcp _oPambncp∂p Afihpambn kwtbmPn®

sX¶n¬ D≠mhpI as‰mcp hyIvXnbmbncn°pw. ChnsS ssZh

hn[nb√msX as‰m∂pa√ \sΩ `qanbnte°v ]d™b®sX∂

hkvXpX \ap°v t_m[yamhp∂p. FXsbX ]khßfmWv

Nm∏n≈Ifmhp∂Xv! AXnsem∂pw s]SpØmsX Poh\p≈

]q¿W a\pjycm°n \sΩ am‰nbXpw hf¿Øns°m≠ncn°p

∂Xpw A√mlphns≥d hn[nbmWv. Ahs≥d \n¿WbamWv.

"K¿`mibßƒ IΩn hcpØp∂Xpw h¿[\hp≠m°p∂Xpw

Ah\dnbp∂p. GsXmcp Imcyhpw Ahs≥d ASp°¬ Hcp

\nivNnX tXmX\pkcn®mIp∂p'.2

P\\w F]ImcamtWm ssZhnIhn[nbn¬ A[njvTnXambn

cn°p∂Xv, A]Imcw Xs∂ acWhpw kw`hn°p∂Xv A√mlp

hns≥d hn[n ]ImcamWv. acWØn¬ \n∂v Hfnt®mSm\p≈

a\pjycpsS iaßƒ apgph≥ hy¿Y-ambns°m≠ncn°pIbm

Wv. acWØn¬ \n∂v ]q¿Wamb c£t\Sp∂Xv t]mbn´v acW

kabØn¬ am‰w hcpØm≥t]mepw C∂pw am\hcmin°v Ign

™nń√. A\mtcmyhpw hm¿≤Iyhpw ]et∏mgpw acWØn\v

ImcWamIdps≠¶nepw Ah amXa√ acWtlXphmbn

`hn°p∂sX∂ hkvXpX \ap°dnbmhp∂XmWv. AtcmKZrV

KmXsc∂v \mw IcpXp∂ ]ecpw s]s´∂v acn®p t]mbXmbpw

IpńIfpsS iha©w hr≤∑m¿ t]dnbXmbpap≈ A\p`hßƒ

\aps°√mw th≠pthmfap≠v. acWw ssZhhn[nbmWv. P\n®

h¿ acn°psa∂Xpw ]]©Øns≥d hyhkvYbmWv. ]kvXpX

hyhkvYbn¬ am‰whcpØphm≥ B¿°pw Ignbn√. "\nßƒ

FhnsSbmbncp∂mepw acWw \nßsf ]nSnIqSp∂XmWv.

\nßƒ `Zambn sIńbpb¿Øs∏´ tImÍƒ°p≈nembm¬

t]mepw''1.

"Hcp Zo¿Lmbp v \¬Is∏´bmƒ°pw Bbp v \nńs°mSp

°s∏Sp∂tXm BbmfpsS Bbp n¬ Ipdhv hcpØs∏Sp∂

tXm Hcp tcJbn¬ D≈X\pkcn®√msX \S°p∂n√. Xo¿®

bmbpw AXv A√mlphn\v Ffp∏ap≈XmIp∂p'2

a\pjys\mgn®p≈ PohPmeßsf√mw P∑hmk\b\pk

cn®p amXamWv Pohn°p∂Xv. a\pjy\mIs´ CXn¬ \n∂v

hyXykvX\mWv. a‰p PohnIfpambn XmcXayw sNøptºmƒ

a\pjy\v e`n®ncn°p∂ ss\k¿KnI IgnhpIƒ Xptemw ]cnan

XamWv. XWp∏n¬ \n∂v c£ t\Sm≥ IcSnsbt∏msebp≈

tcma°p∏mbtam hoSp \n¿an°m≥ _ohdns\t∏msebp≈

kmt¶XnI sshZKv[ytam tSm¿∏ntUmhns\t∏mse sshZypXn

\n¿an°phm\p≈ Ignthm a\pjy\v P∑\m e`n°p∂n√. Cu

IgnhpIƒs°√mw ]Icambn a\pjy\v P∑\m \¬Is∏ńcn°p

∂Xv hntij_p≤nbmWv. Nn¥n®v Imcyßƒ a\ nem°n

]h¿Øn°phm\pw ]ptcmKan°phm\pw a\pjy\v km[n°p∂Xv

Cu hntij_p≤nbp≈Xp sIm≠mWv. IcSntØment\°mƒ

Ińbp≈ tcma°p∏mbßfp≠m°phm\pw _oh¿ IqSpItf°m

¿ kpµchpw kpc£nXhpamb hoSpIƒ \n¿an°phm\pw tSm¿]n

tUm \n¿an°p∂Xnt\°mƒ iIvXamb sshZypXnbp¬]mZn∏n

°phm\pw a\pjy\v km[n°p∂Xv hntij_p≤n D]tbmKn°p

∂XvsIm≠mWv. arKßfpsS apgph≥ ss\k¿KnI IgnhpI

sfbpw tXm¬]n°phm≥ a\pjys≥d hntij_p≤n°v km[n

°pw. IÆv, ImXv XpSßnb Cµnbßƒ hgn e`n°p∂ AdnhpI

1. Jp¿-B≥- 80: 192. Jp¿-B≥- 13: 8

1. Jp¿-B≥- 4: 732. Jp¿-B≥- 35: 11

170 hn[nhnizmkw 171


sf A]KYn®v a\ nem°n Imcyßƒ Xocpam\n°m\p≈

IgnhmWv hntij_p≤n. IÆpw ImXpw icocØnse a‰hbh

ßfpsa√mw ]h¿Øn°p∂Xv ssZhnIhn[n°\pkrXambn´m

Wv. AXpsIm≠p-Xs∂ hntij_p≤nbpw ssZhnIhn[n ]Im

cambncn°Ww ]h¿Ønt°≠Xv. _p≤nbpsS hyhlmctaJe

bn¬ I¿i\ambpw ]men°s∏Sp∂ ssZhnIhyhkvYbps≠∂p

Xs∂bmWv B[p\nI]T\ßƒ hyIvXam°p∂Xvv.

F∂m¬, arKßfpsS I¿aßfpw a\pjyI¿aßfpw XΩn¬

kmcamb A¥cap≠v. klPamb hmk\Iƒ°\pkcn®mWv

arKßƒ I¿aw sNøp∂Xv. ]kvXpX I¿aßƒ°v P\nXamb

Nne \nb¥Wßfpap≠v. B \nb¥Wßsf AXnewLn°p

hm≥ arKßƒ°v km[ya√. `£Ww, ]m\obw, hnImcia\w

XpSßnb arKobamb Bhiyßfnse√mw Xs∂ PohnIƒ

]men°p∂ NnÍfpw \nbaßfpw AhbpsS Po\pIfn¬ tcJ

s∏SpØs∏´ enJnXßƒ ]Imcap≈hbmWv. ssewKnI_‘

Øns≥d ImcyØn¬ PohtemIØv s]mXphmbn \ne\n¬°p∂

Hcp \nbaamWv. kz¥w Pohnh¿K(species)Øn¬ s]´hcpambn

amXsa ]kvXpX _‘w ]mSp≈psh∂p≈Xv Cu \nbaw

ewLn°phm≥ km[mcWKXnbn¬ PohnIƒ°v km[n°p

Ibn√.1 ip≤kky`p°pIƒ amwkmlmchpw ip≤amwk`p°p

Iƒ kkymlmchpw Ign°mXncn°p∂Xv AhbpsS Po\pIfn¬

C°mcyw tcJs∏SpØs∏ń´p≈Xn\memWv. Cßs\ PohnIfp

sS ]h¿Ø\ßsf√mw ]q¿Wambpw ssZhnIhn[n°\pkrXam

bn´mWp≈Xv.

a\pjycpw a‰p PohnIfpw XΩnep≈ ][m\s∏´ A¥cw

Xs∂ ChnsSbmWv kvYnXnsNøp∂Xv. I¿aßfpsS ImcyØn¬

arKßfptSXn¬\n∂v hyXykvXamb Nne kzmX¥yßƒ

A√mlp a\pjy\v \¬Inbn´p≠v. Cu kzmX¥yw t]mepw

ssZhnIhn[nbpsS ]cn[n°p≈nemsW∂ Imcyw ]tXyIw

]kvXmhyamWv. ssIIƒ sIm≠v ]eXpw sNøphm≥ a\pjy\v

Ignbpw. ]t£ ssIIƒ°p≈ kzmX¥yw a\pjys≥d CNvOm

iIvXnbpambn _\v[s∏´mWncn°p∂Xv. AXm-Is´,- A√m-lp-

Ah∂v- \¬-In-b A\p-Klhp-am-Wvv.- t]\bp]tbmKn°phm≥

a\pjy\v km[n°p∂Xv A√mlphns≥d hn[n]ImcamWv. t]\

sIm≠v Fs¥gpXWsa∂v Xocpam\n°p∂Xv a\pjys≥d

COvNmiIvXnbmWv. Cu CNvOmiIvXnbmIs´ Hcp ]cn[nhsc˛

ssZhnI hn[nbpsS hcp-Xn°p≈n¬˛kzX¥amWv. Cu kzmX

¥yw Fßs\ D]tbmKn°p∂psh∂XmWv a\pjys\ DZmØ

\pw A[a\pam°p∂Xv. XqenI sIm≠v a\pjysc kwkvIcn®v

AXp]tbmKn°p∂h\v DØa\mIphm\pw a\pjysc hgnsX‰n

®v A[a\mIphm\pw Ignbpw. AXv Fßs\bp]tbmKn°Wsa

∂v Xocpam\n°p∂Xv a\pjys≥d CNvOmiIvXnbmWv. CNvOm

iIvXnbmhs´ kzX¥amWpXm\pw. "Xo¿®bmbpw \mw Ah∂v

hgn ImWn®psImSpØncn°p∂p. F∂n´v H∂pIn¬ Ah≥

\µnbp≈h\mIp∂p. As√¶n¬ \µnsI´h\mIp∂p.-'1

"F∂n´v AXn∂v AXns≥d ZpjvSXbpw AXns≥d kq£v

aXbpw kw_\v[n®v Ah≥ t_m[w ([¿am[¿aßsf°pdn®

klPmht_m[w) \¬IpIbpw sNbvXncn°p∂p.-'2

"sXfn™p \n¬°p∂ c≠p ]mXIƒ Ah∂v \mw Imńs°m

Sp°pIbpw sNbvXncn°p∂p.-'3

GsXmcp ]h¿Ø\Ønepw Cu c≠p ]mXIƒ ImWm≥

Ignbpw. kXyØns≥dbpw AkXyØns≥dbpw ]mXIƒ. [¿a

Øns≥dbpw A[¿aØns≥dbpw am¿Kßƒ. `£Ww P¥p

klNamb Hcp BhiyamWv. ]t£, F¥p Ign°Wsa∂Xn

s\°pdn®v P\nXIambn Adnhv a\pjy\n√. AXp sXcs™Sp

°phm≥ a\pjy\v kzmX¥yap≠v. Xn∑bpsS am¿KØneqsS

`£W kºmZ\amImw, \∑bpsS am¿KØneqsSbpamImw. Xnc

s™Sp∏v a\pjykzmX¥yØn¬ s]´XmWv. \∑bpsS

]mXbmWv Xncs™Sp°p∂sX¶n¬ Ah≥ ss]imNnIamb

A[xkvYnXnbnseØnt®cpw. Xn-∑bpsS ]mXbmWv kzoIcn°p

∂sX¶ntem Ah≥ a\pjymkvXnXzØns≥d DPvPze mhw ssI

1. CXn-\v- Nn-e A]hm-Zßfp-≠v.- ]kv-Xp-X A]hm-Zßƒ-°v- ]n-∂n-epw- hy-Iv-Xam- b ssZhn-I hy-hkv-Ybm-Wv- Nn-¥n-°p-∂h¿-°v- Im-Wm≥- Ign-bp-I

1. Jp¿-B≥- 76: 32. Jp¿-B≥- 91: 83. Jp¿-B≥- 90: 10

172 hn[nhnizmkw 173


hcn°pw. CXp ]d™psImSp°phm\mWv ]hmNI∑m¿ \nbp

IvXcmbXv. ssZhnIhn[nhne°pIf\pkcn®psIm≠v Pohn°p

∂h¿ a\pjymXvamhns\ ]Imiam\am-°pIbpw Ahkm\w

ssZhm\pKlØn\v ]mXo`qXcmbn kz¿K]thiØn\v A¿l

cmhpIbpw sNøpsa∂pw ss]imNnIamb ]mX kzoIcn°p∂

h≥ A[x]X\XnseØnt®cpIbpw ssZhtIm]Øn\v ]mXam

bn Ahkm\w \cIØnte°v Fdnbs∏SpIbpw sNøpsa∂pw

a\pjy¿°v D¬t_m[\w \¬Iphm\mWv ]hmNI∑m¿

\nbpIvXcmbXv. "h√h\pw t\¿am¿Kw kzoIcn°p∂psh¶n¬

kz¥w KpWØn\mbn Xs∂bmWv Ah≥ t\¿am¿Kw kzoIcn

°p∂Xv. h√h\pw hgn]ng®pt]mIp∂ ]£w X\n°v tZmjØn

\mbn Xs∂bmWv Ah≥ hgn]ng®pt]mIp∂Xv. ]m]`mcw Npa

°p∂ bmsXmcmfpw as‰mcmfpsS ]m]`mcw Npa°pIbn√. Hcp

ZqXs\ Ab°p∂Xphsc \mw (Bscbpw) in£n°p∂Xpa√.'1

"Xo¿®bmbpw CXv Hcp D¬t_m[\amIp∂p. BIbm¬ h√

h\pw Dt±in°p∂ ]£w Xs≥d c£nXmhn¶te°p≈ am¿Kw

kzoIcn®psIm≈s´.-'2

"]dbpI: kXyw \nßfpsS c£nXmhn¶¬ \n∂p≈XmIp∂p.

AXn\m¬ CjvSap≈h¿ hnizkn°s´. CjvSap≈h¿

Ahnizkn°s´.-'3

hnizkn°phm\pw Ahnizkn°phm\pap≈ kzmX¥yw Hm

tcm hyIvXnbnepw \n£n]vXamWv. hnizkn°pIbpw k¬I¿a

ßfnte¿s∏SpIbpw sNøp∂h\v e`n°p∂ ]Xnêw kz¿K

PohnXhpw Ahnizkn°pIbpw ZpjvIrXyßfnte¿s∏SpIbpw

sNøp∂h\v ]Xnêw \cI PohnXhpamsW∂v apºp hyIvXam

°nbt√m. CXpw A√mlphns≥d Hcp hyhkvYbmWv. Ahs≥d

hn[n°\pkcn®mWv kz¿K]thi\Øn\p≈ am\Zfihpw

Zp¿hrØX \cI]thi\Øn\p≈ am\ZfihpamWv.

Cu ]]©hyhkvY°p ]n∂nse ssZhhn[nbpw I¿aw

sNøphm≥ a\pjy\v \¬Is∏ńcn°p∂ kzmX¥yhpw ]ckv

]cw ]qcIßfmsW∂v- a\ nem°mØXmWv C∆njbIambn

Db¿∂phcp∂ kwibßfpsSsb√mw aqeImcWw.- I¿aw sNøp

hm≥ amXamWv a\pjy\v kzmX¥yap≈Xv. AXns≥d esa

¥mbncn°Wsa∂v \nivNbn°phm\p≈ AhImiw Ah\n¬

\n£n]Xva√. AXp Xocpam\n°p∂Xv A√mlphmWv. I¿aßƒ

°v ew \¬Ip∂Xv CltemIØpw ]ctemIØpw˛ A√mlp

hmWv. Hmtcm I¿aØns≥dbpw êw F¥mbncn°Wsa∂v

A√mlp \nivNbn®n´p≠v. AX\pkcn®v amXamWv I¿aêß

fp≠mhp∂Xv.- ssZhw \nivNbn® I¿a-êßsfs¥ms°bm

sW∂v a\ nem°n AXp t\SnsbSp°phm\mhiyamb I¿aß

ƒ sNøphm≥ amXsa a\pjy¿°v km[n°pIbp≈q. Cu I¿a

ßƒ Xncs™Sp°phm\p≈ kzmX¥yw a\pjy¿°mWv

Xm\pw.

\∑bpsS êw \∑bpw Xn∑bpsS êw Xn∑bpambncn°p

sa∂ Imcyw F√mh¿°padnbmhp∂XmWv. Cu hyhkvY \nivN

bn®ncn°p∂Xv A√mlphmWv. \√ `£Wßfp]tbmKn°p

Ibpw kZvhrØcmbn Pohn°pIbpw sNøp∂h¿ s]mXpsh

AtcmK-Z-rVKmXcmbncn°pw. aZy]m\hpw A[m¿anIhrØnI

fpw PohnXNcybm°nbhcpsS A¥yw- ZpxJßfnepw ZpcnXßfn

epambncn°pw. CXp I¿aêßsf°pdn® ssZhhn[nbmWv. Cu

hn[n°\pkrXambmWv Imcyßƒ \S∂psIm≠ncn°p∂Xv.

Hcmƒ AtcmK ZrVKmX\mIp∂Xv ssZhhn[n ]ImcamWv.

]t£ Cu ssZhhn[nIƒ°v \nanØamIp∂Xv a\pjycpsS

]h¿Ø\ßfmWv. Hcmƒ `£Ww Ign°msX "BtcmKyw'

F∂ ssZhhn[n ImØncn°p∂Xne¿Y-an√. AXpt]mseØ

s∂bmWv Hcp aZy]m\n Xs≥d ZpxJØn\pw ZpcnXØn\pw ssZh

hn[nsb Ip‰s∏SpØp∂Xpw. A√mlphns≥d hn[nbpw am\p

jnII¿aßfpw XΩnep≈ _\v[w CXn¬ \n∂p a\ nem°mw.

\∑bpsSbpw Xn∑bpsSbpw DdhnSw A√mlphmWv. Ch a\p

jy¿°v t\Sm\mIp∂Xv AhcpsS I¿aßƒ°\pkrXambmsW

∂v amXw. \∑bpw Xn∑bpw ASnkvYm\]cambn A√mlphn¬

\n∂p≈XmsW∂v- kqNn∏n°p∂ Jp¿B\nI kqIvXßƒ

i≤n°pI: "Ah¿°v h√ t\´hpw h∂p Inńbm¬ Ah¿ ]d

1. Jp¿-B≥- 17: 152. Jp¿-B≥- 76: 293. Jp¿-B≥- 18: 29

174 hn[nhnizmkw 175


bpw; CXv A√mlphn¶¬ \n∂v e`n®XmWv F∂v. Ah¿°v

h√ tZmjhpw _m[n®m¬ Ah¿ ]dbpw: CXv \o ImcWw

D≠mbXmsW∂v. ]dbpI F√mw A√mlphns≥d ]°¬ \n∂p

≈XmWv. At∏mƒ Cu BfpIƒs°¥p]‰n? Ah¿ Hcp hnjb

hpw a\ nem°m≥ `mhan√.-'1

"\n\°v A√mlp h√ tZmjhpw hcpØnsh°pIbmsW¶n¬

AXv \o°w sNøphm≥ Ah\√msX a‰mcpan√. \n\°v Ah≥

h√ KpWhpw hcpØpIbmsW¶ntem Ah≥ GsXmcp ImcyØn

epw Ignhp≈h\pasX.-'2

\∑Xn∑Iƒ s]mXphmbn A√mlphn¬ \n∂p≈XmsW

¶nepw hyIvXnIƒ°v Xn∑ h∂p`hn°p∂Xn∂p≈ ImcW

°mc≥ AXn∂p \nanØamIp∂ ]h¿Ø\ßƒ sNøp∂bmfp

Xs∂bmIp∂p. [q¿Øv a\pjysc ]m∏cm°p∂p. CXp ssZhhn

[nbmWv. [q¿Ø\mb Hcmƒ ]m∏cmbm¬ AXp ssZhhn[nbm

sW∂v ]dbp∂Xn¬ A]mIXsbm∂pan√. F∂m¬ Abmƒ

]m∏cmIm\p≈ ImcW°mc≥ Abmƒ Xs∂bmWv. hnhm

tlXc ssewKnI _\v[Ønte¿s∏Sp∂h¿ amcIamb sseKnI

tcmKØn\v hnt[bcmIp∂p. Hcmƒ°v FbnUvkv hcp∂Xv ssZh

hn[n aqeamsW∂p ]dbmw. F∂m¬, Abmƒ°v FbnUvkv

hcm\p≈ ImcW°mc≥ Abmƒ Xs∂bmWv. Cu hkvXp

Xbnte°v Jp¿B≥ hnc¬Nq≠p∂Xv t\m°pI: "\∑bmbn´v

\n°v Fs¥m∂v h∂pInńbmepw AXv A√mlphn¶¬ \n∂p

≈XmWv. \ns∂ _m[n°p∂ GsXmcp tZmjhpw \ns≥d ]°¬

\n∂p Xs∂ D≠mhp∂XmWv'.-3

I¿aw sNøpIbmWv a\pjyI¿Øhysa∂pw AXn∂v ew

\¬Ip∂Xv A√mlphmsW∂pap≈ CkvemanI hnizmkØn\v

AXn_enjvSamb Hcp Zm¿i\nI ASnØdbp≠v. H∂maXmbn

a\pjysc AXp I¿a\ncX\m°p∂p. I¿aßƒ°\pkcn®mWv

A√mlp ]Xnêw \¬IpIsb∂ hnizmkamWv Cu I¿a\n

cXbv°m[mcw. XßfpsS I¿aßƒ°v Dt±in® êw e`n°p

tºmƒ Ah¿ Al¶mcnIfmIp∂n√. ImcWw ew \¬InbXv

A√mlphmsW∂mWv AhcpsS hnizmkw. D±njvS ew kn≤n

°mXncn°ptºmƒ Ah¿ \ncmicmIp∂p-an√; AXv ssZhhn[n

bmsW∂v kam[m\aSbpIbmWh¿ sNøp∂Xv. XßfpsS I¿a

ßƒ°v -êw \¬Ip∂Xv ]S®Xºpcm\msW∂pw Ahs≥d

hn[n°\pkcn®mWv Imcyßƒ \S°p∂sX∂pap≈ hnizmkw

Cu a\pjysc [occpw AtXkabw kuayioecpam°n am‰p∂p.

AXmWv CkvemanINcnXØn¬ \ap°v ImWm≥ Ignbp∂Xv.

A√mlphns≥d hn[n°\pkrXambmWv XßfpsS PohnXhpw

acWhpw kw`hn°p∂sX∂ t_m[w apkvenwIsf iqc∑mcm

°n. XßfpsS ZnKznPbßƒ A√mlphns≥d Zm\amsW∂

hnizmkw Ahsc kuay∑mcm°n. hn[nhnizmkw CXtØmfw

krjvSn]cambn ]tbmKn°s∏´ as‰mcp kaqlsØ NcnXØn

semcnSØpw ImWpI km[ya√; CkvemanI NcnXØne√msX.

hn[nhnizmkØns≥d adhn¬ XßfpsS ZpjvIrXyßsf√mw

A√mlphns≥d hn[n]ImcamWp≠mIp∂sX∂v hmZn®ncp∂

a°mapivcn°pIsf iIvXamb `mjbn¬ Jp¿B≥ hna¿in°p

∂p≠v. XßfpsS _lpssZhmcm[\bv°pw tæOhrØnIƒ°pw

ImcWw A√mlphns≥d hn[nbmsW∂mbncp∂p Ahcp-sS

hmZw. Cu hmZsØ Jp¿B≥ hna¿in°p∂Xv t\m°pI: "]ca

ImcpWnI≥ Dt±in®ncps∂¶n¬ \nßƒ Ahsc Bcm[n°pam

bncp∂n√ F∂h¿ ]dbpIbpw sNøpw. Ah¿°v AXns\∏‰n

bmsXmcp Adhpan√. Ah¿ Duln®p ]dbpI amXamIp∂p'.1

"(A√mlpthmSv) ]¶mfnIsf tN¿Øh¿ ]d™p: A√mlp

Dt±in®ncp∂psh¶n¬ Rßtfm RßfpsS ]nXm°∑mtcm Ah

∂v ]pdsa bmsXm∂ns\bpw Bcm[n°pambncp∂n√. Ahs≥d

I¬]\ IqSmsX Rßƒ bmsXm∂pw \njn≤am°pIbpw C√m

bncp∂p. AXpt]mseØs∂ Ah¿°v apºp≈hcpw sNbvXn´p

≠v. F∂m¬ ssZhZqX∑mcpsSta¬ kv]jvSamb ]t_m[\a

√msX h√ _m[yXbpapt≠m?'2

"Ah¿ h√ \oNhrØnbpw sNbvXm¬ RßfpsS ]nXm°ƒ1. Jp¿-B≥- 4: 782. Jp¿-B≥- 6: 173. Jp¿-B≥- 4: 79

1. Jp¿-B≥- 43: 202. Jp¿-B≥- 16: 35

176 hn[nhnizmkw 177


AXn¬ \nesIm≈p∂Xmbn Rßƒ I≠n´ps≠∂pw A√mlp

RßtfmSv I¬∏n®XmWXv F∂pamWv Ah¿ ]dbpI. \nßƒ

A√mlphns≥d t]cn¬ \nßƒ°v hnhcan√mØXv ]d™p≠m

°pIbmtWm?'1

HmtcmcpØcpsSbpw \∑Xn∑Iƒ°v Ah¿ Xs∂bmWv DØ

chmZnIsf∂v kqNn∏n°p∂ H´\h[n kqIvXßƒ Jp¿B\nep

≠v. Ah\h≥ sNbvX \∑Iƒ°v ]ctemIØpsh®v X°Xmb

]Xnêhpw Xn∑Iƒ°v in£bpw e`n°psa∂mWv Ckvemw

]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. \∑ Xn∑Iƒ Xncs™Sp°m\p≈ a\pjys≥d

kzmX¥ysØbmWv Ch kqNn∏n°p∂Xv. Cu kzmX¥yw

ssZhnIimk\Iƒ°\pkrXambn hn\ntbmKn°ptºmgmWv

Hcmƒ kz¿KmhIminbmhp∂Xv. adn®mIptºmƒ \cImhIm

inbpw.

"F∂m¬, hnizkn°pIbpw k¬I¿aßƒ ]h¿Øn°pI

bpw sNbvXh¿°v Ahc¿ln°p∂ ]Xnêw A√mlp ]q¿W

ambn \¬Ip∂XmWv. AIanIsf A√mlp CjvSs∏SpIbn√'.2

"Ahnizkn°pbpw \ΩpsS ZrjvSm¥ßƒ \ntj[n®pX≈p

Ibpw sNbvXhcmtcm Ahcmbncn°pw \cImhIminIƒ. Ahc

Xn¬ \nXyhmknIfmbncn°pw.-'3

"A√mlp HcmtfmSpw- AbmfpsS Ignhn¬s∏´X√msX sNøm

≥ \n¿_\v[n°pIbn√. HmtcmcpØcpw- ]h¿Øn®Xns≥d k¬

êw Ahch¿°p Xs∂. HmtcmcpØcp-w- ]h¿Øn®Xns≥d

Zpjvêhpw AhchcpsSta¬ Xs∂.-'4

"Xo¿®bmbpw CsXmcp D¬t_m[\amIp∂p. AXn\m¬ h√

h\pw Dt±in°p∂ ]£w Ah≥- Xs≥d c£nXmhn¶te°v Hcp

am¿Kw kzoIcn®psIm≈s´.-'5

k∑m¿Kw Hcp ssZhnIZm\amWv. AXp e`n°p∂Xv a\pjy

]bXv\w sIm≠msW∂p amXw. Xpd∂ a\ pw kXyw Is≠

ØWsa∂ BKlhpw sh®psIm≠v k∑m¿KØnseØphm≥

ITn\m[zm\w sNøp∂h¿°v A√mlp \¬Ip∂ Zm\amWv k∑m

¿K]m]vXn F∂¿Y-w. AXp \¬Iphm≥ a\pjy¿°m¿°pw

km[ya√. Hcmsf k∑m¿KØnem°phm≥ as‰mcmƒ°v km[n

°pIbn√. k¬]mŸmhns\°pdn®v D]tZin®p sImSp°pI

amXamWv C∆njbIambn a\pjy¿°v ]ckv]cw sNøm≥

km[n°p∂ Imcyw.

"Xo¿®bmbpw hnizkn°pIbpw k¬I¿aßƒ ]h¿Øn°p

Ibpw sNbvXhcmtcm, AhcpsS hnizmkØns≥d êambn

AhcpsS c£nXmhv Ahsc t\¿hgnbnem°p∂XmWv'1

"]ivNmØ]n®p aSßnbhsc Xs≥d am¿KØnte°v Ah≥

\bn°p∂p. AXmbXv hnizkn°pIbpw A√mlpsh∏‰nbp≈

Hm¿asIm≠v a\ pIƒ im¥ambnØocpIbpw sNøp∂hsc.

i≤n°pI: A√mlpsh∏‰nbp≈ Hm¿a sIm≠sX a\ pIƒ

im¥ambnØocp∂Xv.-'2

"k∑m¿Kw kzoIcn®hcmIs´ A√mlp Ah¿°v IqSpX¬

am¿§Z¿i\w \¬IpIbpw Ah¿°p th≠Xmb kq£vaX Ah

¿°v \¬IpIbpw sNøp∂XmWv.-'3

kXy\ntj[Øns≥d Imcyhpw CtXt]mseØs∂bmWv.

Al¶mcw aqew ssZhimk\Iƒ ewLn®p Pohn°pIbpw X\n

°v ssZhw \¬Inb Cµnbßƒ kXymt\zjWØn\v D]tbm

Kn°mXncn°pIbpw sNøp∂hsc Zp¿am¿KØnem°p∂Xpw

A√mlp Xs∂bmWv. a\pjycpsS I¿aßƒ Zpjn°pIbpw hn

izmkw ]ng°pIbpw sNøptºmƒ ssZhhn[n ]Imcw Ah¿

Zp¿am¿KØn¬ sN∂p NmSp∂p. Zp¿am¿KØn¬ \n∂v Hcmsf

c£n°phm≥ as‰mcmƒ°v Ignbn√. k∑m¿KØnte°v £Wn

°pI amXamWv C°mcyØn¬ hyIvXnIƒ°v ]ckv]cw sNøm

≥ Ignbp∂ Imcyw. HmtcmcpØcpsSbpw I¿aßƒ°\pkcn®v

k∑m¿Khpw Zp¿am¿Khpw \¬Ip∂Xv A√mlphmsW∂v kmcw.

"kXy\ntj[nIsf kw_\v[n®nStØmfw \o Ah¿°v Xm

°oXv \¬Inbmepw Cs√¶nepw kaamIp∂p. Ah¿ hnizkn°p1. Jp¿-B≥- 7: 282. Jp¿-B≥- 3: 573. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 394. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 2865. Jp¿-B≥- 73: 19

1. Jp¿-B≥- 10: 92. Jp¿-B≥- 13: 27, 283. Jp¿-B≥- 47: 17

178 hn[nhnizmkw 179


∂X√. AhcpsS a\ pIƒ°pw ImXn\pw A√mlp apZsh®ncn

°pIbmWv. AhcpsS ZrjvSnIfnt∑epw Hcp aqSnbp≠v. Ah¿°m

Ip∂p I\Ø in£bp≈Xv.-'1

"Ahnizkn°pIbpw A\ymbw ]h¿Øn°pIbpw sNbvXh

cmtcm Ah¿°v A√mlp Hcn°epw s]mdpØp sImSp°p∂X√.

\cIØns≥d am¿KØnte°√msX as‰mcp am¿KØnte°pw

Ah≥ Ahsc \bn°p∂Xpa√. Fs∂t∂°pambn AhcXn¬

kvYnchmknIfmbncn°pw. A√mlphn\v AXv Ffp∏ap≈

ImcyamIp∂p.-'

Xm≥ hgnsX‰phm\mWv ssZhhn[nsb¶n¬ Rm≥ FX k¬

°¿aßƒ sNbvXn v F¥msWmcp Imcyw? Rm¿ kz¿KmhImin

bmIphm\mWv ssZhhn[nsb¶n¬ FX ]m]ßƒ sNbvXmepw

F¥mWv Ipg∏w? XpSßnb tNmZyßƒ Ckvemanse hn[nhn

izmkØn\p ap∂n¬ A]kIvXamWv. Hcmƒ kz¿KmhImin

tbm \cImhImintbm F∂v \nivNbn°p∂Xv A√mlphmsW

∂v Jp¿B≥ ]Tn∏n°p∂ps≠∂Xv icnbmWv. F∂m¬ kz¿K

Øn\pw \cIØn\pw a\pjys\ AhIminbm°phm≥ X°Xm

b I¿aßƒ sXcs™Sp°m\p≈ AhImiw Ah\pXs∂bm

Wv. ]kvXpX I¿aßfpsS eambns°m≠mWv Ah∂v kz¿K

tam \cItam \¬Is∏Sp∂Xv. F∂m¬, a\pjy≥ B`napJyw

ImWn°p∂ Znibnte°v Ah∂v hgn Ffp∏am°ns°mSp°p

sa∂v ]S®Xºpcm≥ ]dbp∂p≠v. Cu hgn Ffp∏am°ns°mSp

°¬ t]mepw a\pjy≥ ]ISn∏n°p∂ B`napJyØn\pw Ah≥

kzbw sXcs™Sp°p∂ I¿akcWn°pw A\pkrXambn´m

sW∂mWv Jp¿B≥ hyIvXam°p∂Xv. "F∂m¬ GsXmcmƒ

Zm\w \¬IpIbpw kq£vaX ]men°pIbpw G‰hpw DØa

ambXns\ kXys∏SpØpIpw sNbvXpthm Ah∂v \mw G‰hpw

Ffp∏ambXnte°v kuIcys∏SpØns°mSp°p∂XmWv.

F∂m¬ B¿ ]nip°v ImWn°pIbpw kzbw]cym]vXX \Sn°p

Ibpw G‰hpw DØaambXns\ \ntj[n®pX≈pIbpw sNøp∂p

thm Ah∂v \mw G‰hpw sRcp°ap≈Xnte°v kuIcysam

cp°ns°mSp°p∂XmWv.-'2

A√mlp Bscbpw \n¿_‘n®p k∑m¿KØntem Zp¿am¿K

Øntem B°pIbns√∂pw HmtcmcpØcpw B`napJyw ImWn

°p∂ am¿KØnte°v Ahsc \bn°pIbmWv sNøp∂sX∂pw

Cu kqIvXw hyIvXam°p∂p. kzX¥amb hnthN\iIvXn \¬

Is∏´ a\pjycpsS ]h¿Ø\ßƒ°\pkcn®mWv Ah¿

\cImhImintbm kz¿KmhImintbm F∂ ssZhhn[n \n¿W

bn°s∏Sp∂sX∂¿Y-w.

\∑bpw Xn∑bpw ]h¿Øn°phm≥ a\pjy¿°v kzmX¥yw

\¬Is∏´Xn\memWv, k∑m¿KØn\pw Zp¿am¿KØn\pw \nanØ

ambnØocp∂ ]h¿Ø\ßƒ sNøm≥ Ah¿°v km[n°p∂Xv.

a‰p PohnIsft∏mse \∑Xn∑Isf hnthNn®dnbphm\p≈

Ignhv a\pjy¿°v \¬Is∏ńń√mbncp∂psh¶n¬ k∑m¿KØn

s≥dbpw Zp¿am¿KØns≥dbpw ]iv\w Xs∂ D¬`hn°pIbn√m

bncp∂p. A√mlp Dt±in®ncp∂psh¶n¬ a\pjyscbpw a‰p

PohnIsft∏mse P∑hmk\Iƒ°\pkcn®p amXw Pohn°p

∂hcm°n am‰mambncp∂p; Ahscsb√mhcpw hnizmknIfm

°mambncp∂p. F∂m¬ a‰p krjvSnIfn¬ \n∂v- XnI®pw hyXncn

IvXamb Hcp AkvXnXzamWv a\pjy\v \¬Is∏ńcn°p∂Xv.

\∑bpw Xn∑bpw kz]bXv\w sIm≠v hyhNvtOZn®p a\ nem

°m≥ km[n°p∂ GIPohnbmWh≥. ]kvXpX khntijX

FSpØpIf™psIm≠v P∑\m Xs∂ a\pjysc hnizmknIfm

bn krjvSn°phm≥ A√mlphn\v km[n°pambncp∂p. At∏mƒ

a\pjy¿ XΩn¬ hnizmkØns≥d t]cn¬ \ne\n¬°p∂

kv]¿≤ D≠mhpIbpan√mbncp∂p. F∂m¬ A√mlp kzX¥

amb ssIImcyI¿X-rXzw \¬In a\pjysc ]co£n°phm\m

Wv \nivNbn®ncn°p∂Xv. Cu ]co£WamWv a\pjys\ D¬Ir

jvS\m°p∂Xv.

"\ns≥d c£nXmhv Dt±in®ncp∂psh¶n¬ `qanbnep≈hsc

√mw H∂n®p hnizkn°pambncp∂p. F∂ncns°, P\ßƒ

kXyhnizmknIfmhp∂Xn\v \o Ahsc \n¿_\v[n°pItbm?'1

hyIvXnIfpsS amXa√ kaqlØns≥dbpw ]cnh¿Ø\w

1. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 6, 72. Jp¿-B≥- 92: 5˛10 1. Jp¿-B≥- 4: 168, 169

180 hn[nhnizmkw 181


ssZhhn[n ]ImcamWv \S°p∂Xv. ]t£, hyIvXnIfpsS Imcy

Ønse∂t]mse kmaqlyam‰Øn\pw \nanØamIp∂Xv kaql

Øns≥d sNbvXnIfmWv. Hcp kaqlsØbpw \n¿_\v[n®p ]cn

h¿Øn∏n°pI A√mlphns≥d ]Xnh√. kaqlw kzbw Xs∂

am‰Øn\p XbmdmhptºmgmWv "]cnh¿Ø\w' A√mlphns≥d

Zm\ambn hs∂Øp∂Xv. "GsXmcp P\Xbpw XßfpsS kz¥w

\ne]mSpIfn¬ am‰w hcpØp∂Xphsc A√mlp AhcpsS kvYn

Xn°v hyXymkw hcpØpIbn√.-'1

Ckvemanse hn[nhnizmkw \qdpiXam\w cN\mXvaIamWv.

AXv ssZhØns≥d ]cam[nImcsØ°pdn®v t_m[ap≠m°p∂

XneqsS a\pjysc hn\bm\znXcm°n am‰p∂p. kz¥w t\´ßƒ

A√mlphns≥d Zm\amsW∂ hnizmkw hf¿Øns°m≠v Ah

sc DZmchm∑mcm°p∂p. hnPbßfn¬ AanXmÀmZw ]ISn∏n

°pIbpw Al¶cn°pIbpw sNøp∂Xn¬ \n∂v AXv a\pjysc

apIvXcm°p∂p. B]XvthfIfn¬ a\x]bmkØneIs∏Sp∂

Xn¬ \n∂pw ZpxJ ]chicmhp∂Xn¬\n∂pw AXv Ahsc XSbp

∂p. taml`wKßfn¬ \n∂pfhmIp∂ \ncmimt_m[Øns≥d

sISpXnIfn¬ \n∂v AXv Ahsc c£n°p∂p. k¿thm]cn, AXv

Hcp apkvenans\ [oc\pw iqc\pw A√mlphns≥d apºne√msX

a‰mcpsS apºnepw ap´paS°mØh\m°nØo¿°p∂p. AØcw

kXyhnizmknIfpsS a\ n¬ \n∂pbcp∂ ]m¿∞\ Jp¿B≥

]kvXmhn°p∂p≠v. AXv amXw aXn Ah¿ FXtØmfw hn\

bioecmbncn°psa∂v a\ nem°phm≥. "B[n]XyØns≥d

DSakvY\mb A√mlpth, \o Dt±in°p∂h¿°v \o B[n]Xyw

\¬Ip∂p. \o Dt±in°p∂h¿°v \o ]Xm]w \¬Ip∂p. \o

Dt±in°p∂h¿°v \o \nµyX hcpØpIbpw sNøp∂p. \ns≥d

ssIhiasX \∑bp≈Xv. \nivNbambpw \o F√m ImcyØn

\pw Ignhp≈h\mIp∂p.-'2

kXykm£yw

ssZhØns≥d GIXzhpw aplΩZv(k)s≥d ]hmNIXzhpw

AwKoIcn®v acWm\¥c PohnXØnse tam£w Imw£n®v

Hcmƒ Pohn°phm\mcw`n®m¬ Abmƒ apkvenambnØocp∂p.

Ckvemante°p≈ ]thi\ ]XnPvR sNm√p∂tXmsS Ah≥

kXyhnizmknIfpsS kaqlØnse AwKambnamdp∂p. "Aivl

Zp A≥ emCeml C√√mlp h AivlZp A∂ aplΩZ≥ dkq

ep√mlv'˛A√mlph√msX Bcm[y\ns√∂v Rm≥ km£yw

hln°p∂p. aplΩZv A√mlphns≥d ZqX\msW∂pw Rm≥

km£ywhln°p∂p˛CXmWv Ckvemans≥d km£y hmIyw.

CXp sNm√ns°m≠mWv Hcmƒ apkvenamIp∂Xvv.

emCeml C√√mlp

Hcmƒ Ckvemante° ]thin°ptºmƒ BZyambn sNm√p

∂ ]XnPvR "emCeml C√√mlp' F∂v Rm≥ km£yw hln

°p∂psh∂mWv. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Ckvemans≥d ASnkvYm\

hmIyamWnXv. CXp ]t_m[\w sNøphm\mWv ]hmNI∑m¿

IS∂ph∂Xv. CXp ]Tn∏n°phm\mWv thZKŸßƒ AhXcn

∏n°s∏´Xv. F¥mWo hN\w A¿Y-am°p∂Xv? "A√mlph√m

sX Bcm[y\n√' F∂XmWv Cu ]XnPvRmhmIyØns≥d kc

famb kmcw.

Ckvemans≥d ASnkvYm\hmIyamb BZysØ IenabpsS

H∂masØ ]IpXn \ntj[Ønt≥dXmWv. "emCeml˛Hcp- B1. Jp¿-B≥- 3: 262. Jp¿-B≥- 3: 26

]-¥-≠v-

182


cm[y\pan√'. ChnsS, a\pjy¿ Bcm[n®psIm≠ncn°p∂ ktN

X\hpw AtNX\hpamb kIe hkvXp°fpsSbpw Bcm[yX

\ntj[n°pIbmWv BZyw sNøp∂Xv. shdpw I√v apX¬ hnK

lßƒ hscbpw kvXq]ßƒ apX¬ ihIpSocßƒ hscbpw

Xpfkns®Sn apX¬ B¬acw hscbpw \mKw apX¬ ]ip hsc

bpw Ipcnip apX¬ ]mZpIw hscbpw amemJam¿ apX¬ ]nimNp

°ƒ hscbpw ]pWyhmf∑m¿ apX¬ ]hmNI∑m¿ hscbpw

a\pjy¿ Bcm[n®psIm≠ncn°p∂ H∂pw Xs∂ AXv FX

sNdpXmbmepw hepXmbmepw Bcm[\If¿ln°p∂ns√∂

XØ-zamWv Cu hN\w hyIvXam°p∂Xv. a\ n¬ ]XnjvTn°

s∏ńcn°p∂ kIehn[ Bcm[y∑mscbpw \njvImk\w sNbv

Xv ip≤am°nbXn\p- tijamWv IenabpsS c≠masØ ]IpXn

bmb "C√√mlp'sh∂ XXzw lrZbØnte°v k∂nthin∏n°p

∂Xv. kakvX ]]©sØbpw krjvSn®v ]cn]men°p∂ k¿h

iIvX≥ amXamWv kIehn[ Bcm[\m hgn]mSpIfpa¿ln°p

∂sX∂v Ckvemans≥d BZysØ Iena hyIvXam°p∂p.

a\pjys\°mƒ D∂Xamb as‰mcp krjvSnbpw `q-an-bn-en-√.

Aht\°mƒ -D∂Xamb Hcph≥- amXtabp≈q. AXmWv kjv

Smhv. a\pjyIgnhn¬ s]SmØ H´\h[n Imcyßƒ X\n°p

Np‰pw Xs≥d kz¥w icocØnepw a\pjy\p ImWm≥ Ignbp

∂p. kzPoh≥ \ne\n¿Øp∂ lrZbanSnt∏m cIvXNwIaWtam

a‰p PohnIfn¬ \n∂v hyXncnIvXam°p∂ _u≤nI ]h¿Ø\

ßtfm H∂pwXs∂ Xs≥d Ignhntem \nb¥W]cn[nbntem

As√∂v Ah≥ Adnbp∂p. `qanbn¬ Poh≥ \ne\n¿Øm≥

]cym]vXamb coXnbnep≈ kqcys≥d \ne\n¬t]m `qanbpsS

]cnIaWtam A¥co£Øns≥d kwhn[m\tam H∂pwXs∂

Xs≥-d \nb¥WØns≥d hcpXnbnes√∂v Ah≥ a\ nem

°p∂p. Cu Adnhv Xs∂°mƒ iIvXnbp≈ H∂nt\mSv klmb

a`y¿∞n°phm≥ Ahs\ t]cn∏n°p∂p. Cu klmbm`y¿Y\

bmWv ]m¿Y-\. njKzct\mSv tcmKn klmba`y¿Y-n°p∂tXm

]W°mct\mSv ]Wn°mc≥ kmºØnI klmbw tNmZn°p

∂tXm ]m¿Y-\bpsS ]cn[nbn¬ hcp∂n√. Ah euInIamb

ImcyImcW_\v[ßfpsS ASnkvYm\Ønep≈ A¿Y-

\bmIp∂p. ImcyImcW_\v[ßfpsS ASnkvYm\Øn ep≈

A¿Y-\bmIp∂p. ImcyImcW_‘ßƒ°XoXamb coXn

bnep≈ klmbm`y¿∞\bmWv ]m¿∞\. Cu ]m¿Y-\

Xs∂bmWv Bcm[\. ]m¿Y-\bmIp∂p Bcm[\bpsS aPvP.

]m¿Y-\bn√mØ Bcm[\Iƒ shdpw BNmcßƒ amXambn

Ahtijn°p∂p. At∏mƒ Bcm[\ BtcmSmWv sNtø≠Xv?

"a\pjys\ krjvSn®p ]cn]men°p∂ht\mSv'. Ah∂v amXta

ImcyImcW_\v[ßƒ°XoXambn a\pjysc klmbn°m\m

hq. ]m¿Y-n°p∂hs≥d lrZbØn\IØv F¥msW∂dn™v

AXn\v DØcw \¬Im≥, a\ n\p≈nep≈Xv kq£vaambdn

bmhp∂ k¿hiIvX\v amXsa km[n°p-Ibp≈q. AXpsIm≠p

Xs∂ lrZbØn\p≈nep≈Xv kq£vaambn Adnbmhp∂ A√m

lphn\v amXsa Bcm[\m hgn]mSpIƒ- A¿∏n°phm≥ ]mSp

≈q. CXp a\pjy_p≤nbpsS hn[nbmWv. Ckvemans≥d H∂ma

sØ Iena hyIvXam°p∂Xpw CXpXs∂.

a\pjysc `n∂n∏n®p\n¿ØpIbpw XΩneSn∏n°pIbpw

sNøp∂ _lpssZh k¶¬]Øns≥d ISbv°mWv Ckveman

s≥d H∂masØ Iena IØnsh®Xv. GI\pw k¿thm∂X\p

amb kjvSmhns\ amXw Bcm[n°p∂ AhkvY kwPmXamIp

tºmƒ Ah\nse A[at_m[hpw Al¶mchpw Ahkm\n

°p∂p. ]mivNmXy am\hnImhmZhpw (humanism) am¿Ivknk

hpw a\pjycmIp∂p ]]©Ønse G‰hpw D∂Xsc∂pw Ah

sc \nb¥n°p∂tXm Ah¿°v apIfnep≈tXm Bb bmsXmcp

iIvXnbpans√∂pw hmZn®t∏mƒ AXns≥d êambn hf¿∂p

h∂Xv HcpXcw Al¶mcambncp∂p. B P\XbpsS XI¿®bv-

°p≈ ImcWhpw Cu Al¶mcw Xs∂. AtXkabw kvYm]

\aXßfpsS Bcm[y∑m¿ I√pIfpw ihIpSocßfpw kkyß

fpw P¥p°fpw ]pWyhmf∑mcpamWv. Xßsf°mƒ Ignhpw iIv

Xnbpw Ipd™ ]et∏mgpw tIƒhntbm ImgvNtbm C√mØh

tcmSv Bcm[\If¿∏n°p∂hcpsS a\ n¬ HcpXcw A[at_m

[ap≠mhpI kzm`mhIamWv. Hcp "ssZh'Øn¬ A`bw ImWm

Xmhptºmƒ as‰mcp "ssZh'Øntet°mSp∂ AhkvYbp≠m°p

∂Xv Cu A[at_m[amWvv. Hcp Bcm[ys\bpw AwKoIcn°m

184 kXykm£yw 185


Xncn°p∂ Al¶mcØn\pw krjvSnIsf Bcm[n°p∂ A[a

XzØn\pw as[y, kjvSmhns\ amXw Bcm[n°pIsb∂ Ckv

emans≥d XØ-zw \ne\n¬°p∂p. AXv a\pjys\ BXvam`nam

\ap≈h\pw AtXkabw hn\bm\znX\pam°nØo¿°p∂p.

GIssZha√msX Bcm[n°s∏ScpsX∂ Ckvemans≥d

ASnkvYm\XØ-zØn\p ap≥]n¬ XI¿∂phoWXv hnKlßfpw

ihIpSocßfpw hymPssZhßfpw amXambncp∂n√. ssZhßfp

sSbpw a\pjycpsSbpw CSbnep≈ Z√mf∑mcmbn Na™ ]u

tcmlnXyw IqSnbmbncp∂p. GI\mb kjvSmhn\pw a\pjy¿°p

anSbn¬ a[yh¿ØnIsfm∂pw Bhiyans√∂mWv Ckveman

s≥d A[ym]\w. ssZhßfpsS t]cn¬, a\pjysc XΩneSn∏n®n

cp∂ ]utcmlnXyØns≥d NqjWßfn¬ \n∂v a\pjycmin

sb c£n°pIbmWv ]hmNI≥ sNbvXXv. bmsXmcp coXnbnep

ap≈ ]utcmlnXyw Ckvemw A\phZn°p∂n√.

_lpssZhmcm[\bpsS A[aXzØn¬ \n∂pw ssZh\ntj[

Øns≥d Al¶mcØn¬ \n∂pw a\pjysc apIvXcm°n GIssZ

hmcm[\bpsS Hu∂XyØnte°v Ahsc \bn°phm≥ th≠n

bmWv apgph≥ ]hmNI∑mcpw ]cnian®Xv. ]hmNI ]t_m[

\ßfn¬ G‰hpw ]apJambXv "emCeml C√√mlp' F∂

XXzambncp∂p. ]S®Xºpcm≥ ]dbp∂Xv t\m°pI: "Rm\

√msX bmsXmcp Bcm[y\pan√, AXn\m¬ Fs∂ \nßƒ

Bcm[n°pI F∂v t_m[\w \¬Ins°m≠√msX \n\°papºv

Hcp ZqXs\bpw \mw Ab®nń√.-'1

"AhcpsS ap∂neqsSbpw ]n∂neqsSbpw sN∂v A√mlpshb

√msX \nßƒ Bcm[n°cpXv F∂v ]d™psIm≠v AhcpsS

ASpØv ssZhZqX∑m¿ sN∂t∏mƒ.-'2

apºv Ign™pt]mb ]hmNI∑msc√mhcpw Hcpt]mse

]t_m[\w sNbvX XXzamWv "emCeml C√√m' F∂ hkvXp

X Cu hN\ßfn¬ \n∂v- hyIvXamhp∂p. Hcp ]hmNI\pw

krjvSn]qP ]Tn∏n®nń√. hnKlßsfbpw ihIpSocßsfbpw

hymPssZhßsfbpw hnfn®p ]m¿Y-n®ncp∂htcmSv AXv

icnbs√∂v DZvt_m[n∏nIpIbmWv ]hmNI∑m¿ sNbvXXv.

ss__nfnse ]hmNI∑mcpsS NcnXØnepw C°mcyw \ap°v

ImWm≥ Ignbpw. _lpssZhmcm[\sb iIvXamb `mjbn¬

Xs∂ ]hmNI∑m¿ hna¿in®ncp∂XmbmWv ss__nƒ IY\

ßfn¬ \n∂pw a\ nemhp∂Xv.

tamsi ]hmNI\v \¬Is∏´ I¬]\Ifn¬ ][m\s∏´Xv

"GI\mb kjvSmh√msX a‰mcpw Bcm[n°s∏ScpXv' F∂

I¬]\bmbncp∂psh∂v ss__nfnse ]pd∏mSv3 ]pkvXI

Ønepw Bh¿Ø\4 ]pkvXIØnepap≈ ]cma¿ißƒ hyIvX

am°p∂p. ]Øp I¬]\Ifn¬ H∂pw c≠pw I¬]\Iƒ Chbm

Wv. "\ns≥d ssZhamb I¿Ømhv Rm\mIp∂p. CuPn]vXptZ

iØp\n∂v, ASna`h\Øn¬ \n∂v \ns∂ tamNn∏n®psIm≠p

h∂h≥. Rm\√msX a‰p tZh∑m¿ \n\°v D≠mIcpXv. Hcp

hnKlhpw \n\°mbn D≠m°cpXv, apIfn¬ kz¿KØnep≈

tXm Xmsg `qanbnep≈tXm `qan°Snbn¬ sh≈Ønep≈tXm

Bb bmsXm∂ns≥dbpw _nw_w D≠m°cpXv. \o Ahbv°p

ap∂n¬ XeIp\n°pItbm Ahsb tkhn°pItbm AcpXv.'

Cu I¬]\Iƒ GIssZhmcm[\bv°v- ]tNmZ\w \¬IpI

amXa√, A∂p \nehnep≠mbncp∂ _lpssZhmcm[\mcq]

amb hnKlmcm[\sb iIvXnbpIvXw hna¿in°pIbpw

sNøp∂p.

tamibv°p tijw h∂ Ckmbo¬ ]hmNI∑msc√mw Xs∂

At±lØns≥d ImeSnIsf ]n¥pS¿∂hcpw At±lØn\v Ah

Xcn∏n°s∏´ thZKŸ]Imcw PohnXw \bn°m≥ XßfpsS

P\XtbmSv Blzm\w sNbvXhcpambncp∂p. Ckmboeycnte

°p h∂ Ahkm\sØ ]hmNI\mb tbiphpw ][m\ambpw

]Tn∏n®Xv "emCeml C√√mlp' F∂ XØ-zw Xs∂bmbncp∂p.

"I¬]\Ifn¬ ]ca][m\ambXv GXmWvv?' F∂ Hcp thZ

PvRs≥d tNmZyØn\v tbip \¬Inb adp]Snbn¬ \n∂v C°m

cyw hfsc hyIvXambn a\ nem°mw. At±lw ]d™p. "A√

1. Jp¿-B≥- 21: 252. Jp¿-B≥- 41: 14

1. ]p-d∏m-Sv- 20: 1-˛72. Bh¿-Ø\w- 5: 6˛22

186 kXykm£yw 187


tbm Ckmbote tIƒ°q: \ΩpsS ssZhamb I¿ØmhmIp∂p

GI I¿Ømhv. \ns≥d ssZhamb I¿Ømhns\ ]q¿W lrZb

tØmSpw ]q¿W BflmthmSpw ]q¿W a\t mSpw ]q¿W iIvXn

tbmSpw IqsS kvt\ln°pI.'1 temIØnse kIe cmPyßfpw

]Xm]hpw ImWn®psImSpØpsIm≠v "Fs∂ Bcm[n®m¬

CsX√mw Rm≥ \nc°v Xcmw' F∂p ]d™ kmØmt\mSv

InkvXp ]d™ adp]Snbnepw GIssZhmcm[\bpsS Imcy

Øn¬ bmsXmcphn[ hn´phogvNbpw ]mSns√∂ hkvXpX

sXfn™p ImWp∂p≠v. At±lw ]nimNn\v \¬Inb adp]Sn

Cßs\bmWv: "kmØms\ Zqsct∏mhpI, Fs¥∂m¬, \ns≥d

ssZhamb I¿Ømhns\ Bcm[n°Ww, AhnSpsØ amXsa

]qPn°mhq F∂v FgpXs∏ńcn°p∂p'2.

C¥ybn¬ h∂ ]hmNI∑mcpw GIssZhhnizmkw Xs∂

bmWv ][m\s∏´ XØ-zsa∂ \ne°v ]t_m[\wsNbvXncp∂Xv.

`mcXØnte°p h∂ ]hmNI∑msc°pdn®v hyIvXhpw kv]jvS

hpamb NcnXtam AhcpsS ]t_m[\sØ°pdn®v ]amZapIvX

amb sXfnhpItfm e`°mØXn\m¬ Ah¿ F¥p ]d™p

sh∂v JfinXambn ]dbm≥ C∂p \ap°v km[ya√. F¶nepw

thZßfnepw D]\njØpIfnepw ImWs∏Sp∂ ]kvXmh\I

fn¬ Nneh BZyIme ]hmNI∑mcpsS ]t_m[\w GIssZh

hnizmkambncp∂psh∂v hyIvXam°p∂p≠v. _lptZh k¶

¬]w AwKoIcn°p∂ thZßfn¬ Xs∂ tZh∑mcpsS tZh\pw

APø\pw k¿hiIvX\pamb ssZhsØ°pdn® ]cma¿iß

fp≠v. Cu ]cma¿ißfn¬ \n∂v _lpssZhmcm[\bpsS Bhn

¿`mhØn\v apºv `mcXØn¬ GIssZhhnizmkw \ne\n∂ncp

∂psh∂v a\ nem°phm\mhpw. Cu GIssZhhnizmkw C¥y

bn¬ h∂ ]hmNI∑m¿ ]t_m[\w sNbvXXmbncn°Ww.

amXhpa√, _lpssZhmcm[\sb Jfin°p∂ Nne kqIvX

ßfpw D]\njØpIfn¬ ImWm≥ Ignbpw. Ztim]\njØpI

fn¬ ][m\s∏´ Cuimhmtkym]\njØnse Hcp t«mIw t\m

°pI: "\izcßfmb tZh]nXram\hmZnIsf D]mkn°p∂h¿

APvRm\amIp∂ tLmcm-‘ImcØn¬ ]Xn°p∂p. Ahn\m

inbmb ]camXvamhns\°pdn®v anYym`nam\tØmSpIqSnbncn°p

∂hcpw tLmcm‘ImcØn¬ Xs∂ ]Xn°p∂p.' (A‘wXax

]hni¥n-tb kw- q-Xn- ap-]m-ktX,- Xtbm- q-b ChtXXtam- Dkw-

`q-Xym- cXm-x).-1 Cu hN\ßƒ hyIvXambnØs∂ tZh∑m¿,

a\pjy¿, ]nXr°ƒ XpSßn \miap≈ bmsXm∂ns\bpw Bcm

[n°cpsX∂pw A\izc\mb ]camXvamhv amXamWv Bcm[n°

s∏tS≠sX∂pw kqNn∏n°p∂p. D]\njZvImeØn\p apºpX

s∂ ip≤amb GIssZhmcm[\bne[njvTnXamb Hcp kaqlw

C¥ybn¬ \ne\n∂ncp∂psh∂pw "emCeml C√√mlp' F∂

ASnkvYm\ XØ-zw ]t_m[\w sNbvX ]hmNI∑mcn¬ Bcp

tStbm A\pbmbnIfmbncp∂p Ahsc∂pw Cu hN\ßfn¬

\n∂v- hyIvXamhp∂p.

]hmNI∑msc√mw ]t_m[\w sNbvX GIssZhmcm[\

bn¬ \n∂v _lpssZhmcm[\bnte°v a\pjy¿ sas√ sas√

hgnsX‰n. k¿hiIvX\mb kjvSmhnte°v a\pjy¿°v t\cn´v

ASp°pI km[yas√∂pw AXn\v GsX¶nepw CSbmf∑mcpsS

a[yh¿ØnXzamhiyamsW∂pap≈ t_m[ap≠m°ns°m≠m

Wv ]nimNv a\pjysc ]ng∏n®pIf™Xv. hnKl]qPbpw ih

IpSocmcm[\bpw ]pWyhmtfm]mk\bpw \SØnbncp∂ P\

ßƒ Ch ssZhØnte°v ASp∏n°phm≥ th≠nbp≈ ]h¿Ø

\ßfmsW∂mbncp∂p \ymbw ]d™ncp∂Xv. C°mcyØn¬

hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ shfn®whoip∂Xv Cßs\bmWv. "AdnbpI:

A√mlphn\v amXw AhImis∏´XmIp∂p \njvIf¶amb Iogv

hW°w. Ah∂p ]pdsa c£m[nImcnIsf kzoIcn®h¿ (]dbp

∂p) A√mlphn¶te°v Rßƒ°v IqSpX¬ ASp∏ap≠m°n

Øcm≥ th≠n amXamIp∂p Rßƒ Ahsc Bcm[n°p∂Xv.2'

"A√mlphn∂p ]pdsa, Ah¿°v D]Zhtam D]Imctam

sNømØXns\ Ah¿ Bcm[n®psIm≠ncn°p∂p. Ch¿ (Bcm

[y¿) A√mlphns≥d ASp°¬ Rßƒ°p≈ ip]m¿i°m

cmWv F∂p Ah¿ ]dbpIbpw sNøp∂p.'3

1. am¿-t°m-kv- 12: 29,- 302. aØm-bn- 4: 10

1. Cu-im-hm-tkym-]\n-jØv-: 12˛mw- t«m-Iw-2. Jp¿-B≥- 39: 33. Jp¿-B≥- 10: 18

188 kXykm£yw 189


Cu \ymbßsf√mw _menißfmsW∂v ]Jym]n°p∂

Jp¿B≥ A√mlphnte°v ASp°phm≥ bmsXmcp CSbmft≥d

tbm ip]m¿i°mcs≥dtbm Bhiyans√∂ hkvXpX Akµn

Kv[ambn hyIvXam°p∂p≠v. "\nt∂mSv Fs≥d Zmk∑m¿ Fs∂

∏‰n tNmZn®m¬ Rm≥ (Ah¿°v G‰hpw) ASpØp≈h\mIp∂p

sh∂v (]dbpI) ]m¿Y-n°p∂h¿ Fs∂ hnfn®v ]m¿Y-n®m¬

Rm≥ B ]m¿Y-\°v DØcw \¬Ip∂XmWv'1

"]dbpI: A√mlphn\mIp∂p ip]m¿i apgph≥.-'2

"Ah∂p ]pdsa Ch¿ Bsc hnfn®p ]m¿∞n°p∂pthm Ah

¿ ip]m¿i A[o\s∏SpØp∂n√: Adn™psIm≠pXs∂ kXy

Øn\v km£yw hln®hscmgnsI.--'3

kjvSmhpw kwc£I\pambh≥ amXamWv kIehn[ Bcm

[\Ifpa¿ln°p∂sX∂v ]Jym]n°p∂ Jp¿B≥ krjvSn]q

PbpsS \nc¿Y-IXbnte°v a\pjycpsS i≤ £Wn°p∂

GXm\pw Jp¿-B≥- kqIvXßƒ ImWpI:

"Ah¿ ]¶ptN¿°p∂Xv bmsXm∂pw krjvSn°mØhscbm

Ip∂p? Ah¿ (B Bcm[y¿) Xs∂ krjvSn®p≠m°s∏Sp∂h

cpamWv. Ah¿s°mcp klmbhpw sNøm≥ Ah¿°v (AhcpsS

Bcm[y¿°v) Ignbn√. kztZlßƒ°p Xs∂ Ah¿ klmbw

sNøp∂Xpa√'4

"Ah∂v ]pdsa Ah¿ Bscsbms° hnfn®p ]m¿Y-n°p∂p-

thm- Ah¿s°m∂pw \nßsf klmbn°phm≥ km[n°pIbn√.

kztZlßƒ°p Xs∂bpw Ah¿ klmbw sNøpIbn√'5

"A√mlphn∂v ]pdsa Ah¿ Bscsbms° hnfn®v ]m¿Yn

®psIm≠ncn°p∂pthm Ah¿ bmsXm∂pw krjvSn°p∂n√.

AhcmIs´ krjvSn°s∏Sp∂hcpamWvv.-'6

"(\_ntb) ]dbpI: A√mlphn\v ]pdsa \nßƒ (Bcm[y

sc∂v) hmZn®pt]m∂hsc \nßƒ hnfn®pt\m°q. \nßfn¬

\n∂v D]Zhw \o°phmt\m (\nßfpsS kvYnXn°v) am‰w

hcpØphmt\m D≈ Ignhv AhcpsS A[o\Ønen√.-'1

"A√mlphn\v ]pdsa Ah∂v D]Imctam D]Zhtam sNøm

Ø hkvXp°sf Ah≥ hnfn®v ]m¿Y-n°p∂p. AXpXs∂

bmWv hnZqcamb hgntISv.-'2

"Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlphn\v ]pdsa \nßƒ hnfn®p ]m¿Y-n

°p∂h¿ Hcp Cu®sbt∏mepw krjvSn°pIbn√. AXn∂mbn

Ahsc√mhcpw HØptN¿∂m¬ t]mepw.- Cu® AhcpsS ]°¬

\n∂v h√Xpw XńsbSpØm¬ AXns≥d ]°¬ \n∂v AXv

tamNn∏ns®Sp°m\pw Ah¿°v Ignbn√. At]£n°p∂h\pw

At]£n°s∏Sp∂h\pw Zp¿_e≥ Xs∂.-'3

"Ah\p ]pdsa BtcmSv \nßƒ ]m¿Y-n°p∂pthm Ah¿

Hcp CuØ∏g°pcphns≥d ]mSt]mepw DSas∏SpØp∂n√.

\nßƒ AhtcmSv ]m¿Y-n°p∂ ]£w Ah¿ \nßfpsS ]m¿

Y-\ tIƒ°pIbn√. Ah¿ tI´mepw \nßƒ°h¿ DØcw \¬

Ip∂X√.-'4

"\o ]dbpI: A√mlphn\p ]pdsa \nßƒ hnfn®p ]m¿Yn

°p∂ \nßfpsS ]¶mfnIsf∏‰n \nßƒ Nn¥n®p t\m°nbn´p

t≠m? `qanbn¬ F¥mWh¿ krjvSn®n´p≈sX∂v \nßƒ

F\n°p ImWn®pXcnI. AX√, BImiØn¬ Ah¿°v h√

]¶papt≠m?'5

]hmNI∑msc√mhcpw ip≤amb GIssZhmcm[\bnte°m

Wv kzkaqlsØ £Wn®sX∂p ]d™pht√m. F∂m¬ Xe

apdIƒ Ign™t∏mƒ ]kvXpX ]hmNI∑mscØs∂ P\ß

ƒ Bcm[n°p∂ AhkvYmhntijap≠mbn. BZchn¬ \n∂m

cw`n®v Bcm[\mat\m`mhw hf¿∂ph∂v GtXXv ]hmNI∑m

cmtWm kjvSmhnt\mS√msX Bcm[\Isf iIvXnbpIvXw

FXn¿ØXv AtX ]hmNI∑mscØs∂ ip]m¿iIcmbn°

cpXn Bcm[n°p∂ AhkvYbnseØnt®¿∂p. ]hmNI∑m¿1. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 1802. Jp¿-B≥- 39: 443. Jp¿-B≥- 43: 864. Jp¿-B≥- 7: 191, 1925. Jp¿-B≥- 7: 1976. Jp¿-B≥- 16: 20

1. Jp¿-B≥- 17: 562. Jp¿-B≥- 22: 123. Jp¿-B≥- 22: 734. Jp¿-B≥- 35: 13, 145. Jp¿-B≥- 35: 40

190 kXykm£yw 191


amXa√ a‰p ]pWyhmf∑mcpw CtX coXnbn¬ Bcm[n°s∏´p.

AhcpsS hnKlßfp≠m°n AXv ssZhØns≥d Bebß

fn¬ ]XnjvTn°s∏´p. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ ]n∂oSv h∂ ]hm

NI∑mcn¬ ]e¿°pw t\cntS≠nh∂Xv ]q¿h]hmNI∑m

scbpw ]pWymXva°sfbpw Bcm[n°p∂ P\ßsfbmbncp∂p.

F¥n\[nIw,- A¥na]hmNI\mb aplΩZv \_n (k)°v BZy

ambn XIt°≠nh∂Xv hnKlmcm[\s°Xnsc BbpjvImew

apgph≥ t]mcmSnb C_vdmlow \_n (A)bpsS hnKlsØbm

bncp∂pht√m. ssZhØnte°p≈ CSbmf∑mcm°n Bcm[n°

s∏´psIm≠ncp∂ alZvhyIvXnIƒ XßtfmSv ]m¿Y-n°phm≥

I¬]n®ncp∂ns√∂pw ]p\cp∞m\ \mfn¬ _lpssZhmcm

[IcpsS ]h¿Ø\ßsf Ah¿ \ntj[n°psa∂pw Jp¿B≥

hyIvXam°p∂p. "Dbn¿sØgpt∂¬]ns≥d \mfnemIs´ \nßƒ

Ahsc ]¶mfnIfm°nbXns\ Ah¿ \ntj[n°p∂XmWv'.-1

CXp Xs∂bmWv tbiphns≥d NcnXØnepw kw`hn®Xv.

Xs∂ Bcm[n°phm≥ tbip Hcn°¬t]mepw in£y∑mtcmSv

I¬]n®Xmbn kphntijßfnsehnsSbpw ImWpI km[ya√.

adn®v, kµ-nKv[L´ßfn¬ At±lw ssZhtØmSv hnfn®p ]m¿

Y-n®XmbmWv ss__nfnep≈Xv.2 amXhpa√, I¿ØmhmWv

G‰hpw henbhs\∂pw Ah≥ amXamWv ]m¿Y-n°s∏tS

≠sX∂pw hfsc hyIvXambn InkvXp ]Tn∏n®Xmbn kphnti

jßfn¬ ImWmhp∂XmWv. "]nXmhv Ft∂°mƒ henb

h\mWv.-'3

"\ns≥d ssZhamb I¿Ømhns\ Bcm[n°Ww. Ahs\

amXta ]qPn°mhq'.4 Xs∂ I¿Ømth F∂v hnfn°pIb√

th≠sX∂pw GI\mb kjvSmhns≥d hn[n hne°pIƒ ]Im

cw Pohn°pIbmWv th≠sX∂pw tbip hyIvXam°p∂Xv

t\m°pI. "I¿Ømth F∂v Ft∂mSv hnfn®t]£n°p∂h\√,

Fs≥d kz¿Kÿ\mb ]nXmhns≥d CjvSw \ndth‰p∂h\mWv

kz¿KcmPyØn¬ ]thin°p∂Xv.-'5

ip≤amb GIssZhmcm[\bpsS hIvXmhmbn \nesIm≈pI

bpw AXp ]t_m[\w\SØpIbpw sNbvXpsIm≠v kzPohnXw

ssZham¿KØn¬ ka¿∏n® alm\mb tbiphns\Øs∂ ssZh

hpw ssZh]pX\pambn Ahtcm[n®psIm≠v Bcm[n°p∂ Ah

kvYbmWn∂v ssIkvXhkaqlØnep≈Xv. bpIvXnbptStbm

ss__nfnt≥dtbm ]n¥pWbn√mØ XntbIssZhhnizmkw

F∂ Hcp ]tlfnIbpw tbiphns\ ssZham°m≥ th≠n ssI

kvXhk` ]S®p≠m°nbncp∂p. tbipthm ap≥]hmNI∑mtcm,

F¥n\[nIw At∏mkvXe∑m¿t]mepw Hcn°epw ]tbmKn

°mØ XntbIssZhw F∂ BibamWv C∂v k`bpsS ASn

Ød. Cu ]Ztam Bibtam ss__nfnse ]pkvXIßfnsehn

sSbpw ImWp∂ns√∂XmWv hmkvXhw.1 XnXzhmZap∂bn®p

sIm≠v tbiphns\ ssZhnIhyIvXnXzßfn¬ Hcmfpw Bcm[y

\pambn ImWp∂ ssIkvXh\ne]mSns\ hnip≤Jp¿B≥

hna¿in°p∂Xv ImWpI: "thZ°msc, \nßƒ aXImcyØn¬

AXncp IhnbcpXv. adnbans≥d aI\mb akolv Cukm A√m

lphns≥d ZqX\pw adnbante°v Ah≥ C´psImSpØ Ahs≥d

hN\hpw Ah¶¬ \∂p≈ Hcp BXvamhpamIp∂p. AXpsIm

≠v \nßƒ A√mlphnepw Ahs≥d ZqX∑mcnepw hnizkn°pI.

"XnXzw' F∂ hm°v \nßƒ ]dbcpXv. \nßfpsS \∑°mbn

\nßƒ (AXn¬ \n∂v) hncan°pI. A√mlp GI Bcm[y≥

amXamIp∂p. X\n°v Hcp k¥m\ap≠mbncn°pI F∂Xn¬

\n∂v Ahs\Xtbm ]cnip≤\sX. BImißfnep≈Xpw qan

bnep≈Xpsa√mw A√mlphnt≥dXmIp∂p. ssIImcyI¿Øm

hmbn A√mlp Xs∂ aXn'2

Ckmboeycnte°v h∂ ]hmNI∑msc√mw ]Tn∏n® kn≤m

¥sa∂ \ne°v GIssZhmcm[\sb XmXznIambn AwKoIcn

°p∂hcmWv thZ°m¿. F∂m¬ ]kvXpX XXzØn¬ \n∂v

Ah¿ _lpZqcw AI∂pt]mbncn°p∂p. thZØn¬ hnizkn°p

∂hsc Xßƒ AwKoIcn°p∂psh∂v kzbw AhImis∏Sp∂

XXzØnte°v £Wn°phm\mWv A¥na]hmNIt\mSv ]S®1. Jp¿-B≥- 35: 142. eq-°m-: 16,- 22:4:13.- tbm-l∂m≥- 14: 284. aØm-bn- 4: 105.- aØm-bn- 7: 21

1. Iq-Sp-X¬- hn-hcØn-\v- teJIs≥-d "ssIkv-Xh ssZh k¶¬-]w'- hm-bn-°p-I2.- Jp¿-B≥- 4: 171

192 kXykm£yw 193


Xºpcm≥ I¬]n°p∂Xv. "(\_ntb) ]dbpI: thZ°mtc, Rß

ƒ°pw \nßƒ°panSbn¬ kaambp≈ Hcp hmIyØnte°v \n

ßƒ hcpho≥. AXmbXv, A√mlpshb√msX \mw Bcm[n°m

Xncn°pIbpw Aht\mSv bmsXm∂ns\bpw ]¶ptN¿°mXncn°p

Ibpw \Ωfn¬ Nne¿ Nnesc A√mlphn\v ]pdsa c£nXm°fm

°mXncn°pIbpw sNøp∂ (F∂ XXzØnte°v)'1.

_lpssZhmcm[\bmWv kIehn[ Xn∑IfpsSbpw amXmsh

∂mWv CkvemanI ho£Ww. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ A√mlph√m

ØhtcmSp≈ Bcm[\bmWv hnip≤ Jp¿B\n¬ G‰hpa[nIw

hna¿in°s∏ńcn°p∂Xv. ssZthXc∑mtcmSv ]m¿∞n°p∂Xm

Wv G‰hpw henb alm]m]sa∂mWv ]hmNI≥ ]Tn∏n®ncn°p

∂Xv. Hcn°epw s]mdp°s∏SmØ ]m]amWv ssZhØns≥d

kØbntem KpWßfntem ]h¿Ø\ßfntem a‰p≈hsc

]¶ptN¿°pIsb∂Xv. ]kvXpX ]m]w sNbvXh¿ Ckveman¬

\n∂p ]pdØmWv. hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂Xp ImWpI:

"Xt∂mSv ]¶v tN¿°s∏SpI F∂Xv A√mlp s]mdp°pIbn√;

Xo¿®. AsXmgn®p≈Xv Ah\pt±in°p∂h¿°v Ah≥ s]mdp

Øp sImSp°p∂XmWv. B¿ A√mlphnt\mSv ]¶p tN¿°p∂p

thm Ah≥ _lpZqcw ]ng®pt]mbncn°p∂p'2

\sΩ krjvSn®v ]cn]men®v sIm≠ncn°p∂ A√mlp \Ωn

¬\n∂v Bhiys∏Sp∂ GIImcyamWv Ah∂p amXap≈

Bcm[\. ]S®Xºpcm≥ ]dbp∂Xv t\m°p. "Pn∂pIsfbpw

a\pjyscbpw Fs∂ Bcm[n°phm≥ th≠nb√msX Rm≥

krjvSn®nń√. Rm≥ Ahcn¬ \n∂v D]Poh\sam∂pw BKln

°p∂n√. Ah¿ F\n°v `£Ww \¬IWsa∂pw Rm≥ BK

ln°p∂n√. Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlp Xs∂bmWv D]Poh\w \¬

Ip∂h\pw iIvX\pw ]_e\pw'3

a\pjy¿°v BhiyambsX√mw ChnsS Hcp°n sh®ncn°p∂

A√mlphn\v ]pdsa Bcm[n°s∏Sp∂h¿ Bcmbncp∂mepw

Ahsc ssIshSntb≠Xv apkvenans≥d _m[yXbmWv. Bcm

[n°s∏Sp∂Xv ]pWyhmf\mbmepw ]nimNmbmepw kaamWv;

c≠pt]cpw AXn\v A¿lc√. ]m¿∞\Iƒ A√mlpthmSv

amXamWv \StØ≠Xv. krjvSnIfn¬ tijvT\mb aplΩZv

\_ntbmSv t]mepw ]m¿∞\Iƒ ]mSns√∂mWv Ckvemans≥d

H∂masØ Iena hyIvXam°p∂Xv. C_vdmlow \_n (A)

]d™Xmbn Jp¿B≥ D≤cn°p∂ hN\ßƒ ChnsS ]kI

vXamWv. "F∂m¬ Ah¿ (ssZhßƒ) Fs≥d iXp°fmIp∂p.

temIc£nXmhv HgnsI. AXmbXv Fs∂ krjvSn®v F\n°v

am¿KZ¿i\w \¬Ins°m≠ncn°p∂h≥; F\n°v Blmchpw

IpSn\ocpw \¬Ip∂h≥; F\n°v tcmKw _m[n®m¬ Ah\mWv

Fs∂ kpJs∏SpØp∂Xv; Fs∂ acn∏n°pIbpw ]ns∂ Pohn

∏n°pIbpw sNøp∂h≥; ]XnêØns≥d \mfn¬ GsXmcp

Ø≥ Fs≥d sX‰pIƒ s]mdpØpXcpsa∂v Rm≥ Bin°p∂p

thm Ah≥'.1

H∂masØ IenabneqsS \mw ]XnPvR sNøp∂Xv "A√m

lph√msX Bcm[y\ns√∂v Rm≥ km£yw hln°p∂p'sh

∂mWv. AYhm Iena sNm√nb tijap≈ PohnXw GIssZhm

cm[\bn¬ A[njvTnXambncn°psa∂pw ]kvXpX ]XnPvR

bpsS km£yambncn°psa∂pw kmcw. Cu ]XnPvRsNbvXh≥

]ns∂ k¿hiIvX\mb kjvSmhnt\mSp amXsa ]m¿∞n°pI

bp≈q; hnKlßfpw ihIpSocßfpw hymPssZhßfpw arKß

fpw ]£nIfpw CgP¥p°fpw ]pWyhmf∑mcpw ]hmNI∑mcp

sam∂pw Bcm[ycs√∂v kzPohnXØneqsS km£yw hln°p

∂h\mbn Ah≥ amdp∂p. Ah≥ A√mlpthmSv amXambn

klmbm`y¿∞\ \SØp∂h\pw Ahs≥d apºn¬ amXw inc

p \an°p∂h\pambn amdp∂tXmsS ss[cyimenbpw hn\bm

\znX\pambnØocp∂p; a‰p krjvSnIsf Bcm[n°p∂ A[aXz

Øn¬ \n∂v Ah≥ tamNnX\mhp∂tXmsS krjvSnIfn¬ G‰

hpw DZmØ\mb a\pjys≥d DPvPzeamb mhw ssIhcn°p∂p;

Ah≥ Hcp apkvenambn amdp∂p.1. Jp¿-B≥- 3: 642. Jp¿-B≥- 4: 1163. Jp¿-B≥- 51: 55˛58 1. Jp¿-B≥- 26: 77-˛82

194 kXykm£yw 195


aplΩZp≥ dkqep√mlv

kjvSmhpw kwc£I\pamb A√mlp amXamWv Bcm[\I

f¿ln°p∂sX∂ km£yhmNIØn\p tijw Ckvemante°p

]thin°p∂ hyIvXn c≠maXmbn DcphntS≠ ]XnPvR

"aplΩZv A√mlphns≥d ZqX\msW∂v Rm≥ km£yw hln

°p∂p'sh∂mWv. aplΩZv \_n (k) Ign™pt]mb ]hmNI

∑mcpsSsb√mw ]n≥Kmanbpw AhcpsS ZuXyØns≥d ]q¿Øo

IcWØn\pth≠n Ab°s∏´ A¥na]hmNI\pamsW∂v

hnizkn°p∂XneqsS amXsa Hcmƒ°v apkvenamIphm≥ km[y

amhq. aplΩZv \_nbpw Hcp ]hmNI\msWt∂m alm\msW

t∂m D≈ tIheamb AwKoImcØnep]cnbmbn At±lw Hcp

ssZhZqX\msW∂v Rm≥ Fs≥d PohnXw sIm≠v km£yw

hln°p∂psh∂v ]Jym]n°pIbmWv c≠masØ Iena D®cn

°p∂ hyIvXn sNøp∂Xv.

"aplΩZv \_n (k) ssZhZqX\msW∂v Rm≥ km£yw

hln°p∂p'sh∂v ]XnPvR sNbvX hyIvXn At±lØns≥d

PohnXcoXn ]n¥pScm≥ \n¿_‘nX\mWvv. aplΩZv(k) ssZhn

I t_m[\ßƒ°\pkrXambn kwkmcn°pIbpw amXrIm]c

ambn Pohn°pIbpw sNbvXbmfmsW∂v AwKoIcn°pIbmWv

At±lw ssZhZqX\msW∂v hnizkn°p∂bmƒ sNøp∂Xv.

Aßs\bp≈ Hcp apkvenans\ kw_\v[n®nStØmfw \∑bpw

Xn∑bpw XΩnep≈ th¿Xncnhv AXv ]hmNI≥ A\phZn®pthm

C√tbm F∂p≈XmWv. ssZhZqX≥ ssZhnIt_m[\]Imc

amWv kwkmcn°pIbpw ]h¿Øn°pIbpw sNøp∂Xv F∂Xn

\m¬ Xs∂ At±lØns≥d PohnXw ssZhnIam¿K\n¿tZßƒ

°\pkrXambn amXrIm]cambncn°pw. At±lamWv \∑bpw

Xn∑bpsa¥msW∂v \ap°v th¿Xncn®p Xtc≠Xv. ssZhZqX≥

\∑sb∂v ]Tn∏n®sX√mw \∑bpw Xn∑bmsW∂v ]d™pX∂

sX√mw Xn∑bpamsW∂v Hcp apkvenw hnizkn°p∂p. AXpsIm

≠pXs∂ apkvenans≥d PohnXw ]hmNIs≥d amXrIbpƒ

s°m≠psIm≠mbncn°pw. A√mlphns≥d KŸhpw ]hmNI

s≥d PohnXhpw samgnIfpamWv CkvemanIPohnX hyhkvYbp

sS ASnkvYm\w. hyIvXnbpw IpSpw_hpw kaqlhpw cmjvShp

sa√mw CkvemanIambn amdptºmƒ Fßs\bmbncn°Wsa∂v

A√mlphpw dkqeqw(k) ]Tn∏n®n´p≠v. CXn∂mWv CkvemanI

PohnXcoXn AYhm "icoAØv' F∂p ]dbp∂Xvv.

aplΩZv (k) ssZhZqX\msW∂v AwKoIcn°p∂ HcmfpsS

PohnXØn¬ \n∂v ]hmNI≥ \n¿_‘ambn I¬]n®

Imcyßsfm∂pw Hgn™p t]mIp∂n√. At±lw \ntcm[n®

Imcyßfn¬ \ns∂√mw Ah≥ Hgn™p \n¬°p∂p. Hcp apkv

enw aZyw Hgnhm°p∂Xpw Hcp Km‘nb≥ Aßs\ sNøp∂Xpw

XΩn¬ ASnkvYm\]cambnØs∂ A¥cap≠v. A√mlphpw

dkqepw \ntcm[n®psh∂XmWv Hcp apkvenw aZyw Ign°mXncn

°p∂Xn\v ImcWw. icocØn\pw a\ n\pw lm\nIcamsW∂

Xn\memWv Hcp Km‘nb≥ AXn¬ \n∂v hn´p\n¬°p∂Xv. [¿a

sØbpw A[¿asØbpw Ipdn®v hyIvXamb Hcp AXn¿hcºp

≠mhp∂Xv Ckveman¬ amXamWv. A√mlphpw dkqepw (k)

A\phZn® Imcyßsf√mw \∑bpw \ntcm[n® Imcyßsf√mw

Xn∑bpamsW∂ XXzamWv CkvemanI icoAØns≥d ASnkv

Ym\w. A√mlphpw dkqepw (k) A\phZn® ImcyßfnemWv

BXy¥nIamb \∑ kvYnXnsNøp∂sX∂pw \ntcm[n® Imcy

ßfnemWv Xn∑bpsS thcpIsf∂pw C∂v Hcp hn[sa√mhcpw

AwKoIcn®p Ign™n´p≠vv. ]hmNI \ntbmKsØ°pdn®v

hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂ hN\ßƒ ChnsS kvacWobamWv:

"AhtcmSv At±lw kZmNmcw I¬]n°pIbpw ZpcmNmcØn¬

\n∂v Ahsc hne°pIbpw sNøp∂p. \√ hkvXp°ƒ Ah¿°v

At±lw A\phZ\obam°pIbpw NoØ hkvXp°ƒ Ahcp

sSta¬ \njn≤am°pIbpw sNøp∂p. AhcpsS mcßfpw Ah

cpsS taep≠mbncp∂ hneßpIfpw At±lw Cd°nsh°pIbpw

sNøp∂p. At∏mƒ At±lØn¬ hnizkn°pIbpw At±lsØ

]n¥pW°pIbpw klmbn°pIbpw At±ltØmsSm∏w AhX

cn°s∏ń´p≈ B ]ImisØ ]n≥]‰pIbpw sNbvXhcmtcm

Ah¿ Xs∂bmWv hnPbnIƒ.-'1

\∑Xn∑Isf ]hmNIPohnXhpambn _\v[s∏SpØmØ

GsXmcp coXnimkvXhpw ]cmPbs∏Spsa∂pd∏mWv. tZiobX

1. Jp¿-B≥- 7: 157

196 kXykm£yw 197


t°m hwiobXt°m mjt°m H∂pw kvYmbnbmb \∑sb°pdn

®v ]dbm\mhn√. bpIvXnbpw XssYh. Cw•≠nse bpIvXnhm

Zn°v hnhmtlXc ssewKnI_‘ßfpw kzh¿KcXnbpsam∂pw

FXn¿°s∏tS≠ Ip‰a√ (Barbara Smoker: Humanism: Page82-84). F∂m¬ C¥ybnse G‰hpw "]ptcmKa\']cambn

Nn¥n°p∂ hyIvXnbmb CSadpIn\p t]mepw Cu "aqeyw' AwKo

Icn°phm≥ Ignbp∂n√. At±lØns≥d acpaI\mb bqtdm

]y≥ k©mcn tbmc≥ kvIm¿W¿ FgpXp∂p. "hnhmlw \nba

]cambn cPnkv‰¿ sNøp∂Xphsc Fs≥d IqsS ]pdsØhnsS

sb¶nepw t]mcm≥ Ah¿ (CSadpIpw mcybpw) KoXsb A\ph

Zn®n√. C¥y≥ skmssk‰n hnhml]q¿h_‘ßsf Hcn°epw

AwKoIcn°pIbn√. ]mivNmXycmPyßfn¬ \nehnep≈ tU‰nw

Kv kºZmbsØ FX ]ptcmKa\hmZnbmb C¥y°mc\pw kzo

Icn°phm≥ IgnbpIbn√'1 \∑bpw Xn∑bpw th¿Xncn°m\mbn

bpIvXnsb G¬]n®m¬ Cw•≠nse [¿aw C¥ybn¬ A[¿a

ambn amdpsa∂¿Y-w.

Ckvemans\ kw_\v[n®nStØmfw ]hmNIs≥d sNbvXnI

fpw samgnIfpsa√mw \ap°v ap∂n¬ Xpd∂p InS°p∂p≠v. Hm

tcm hnjbßfnepw F¥mWv \∑sb∂v \ap°v Ahbnte°v

t\m°nbm¬ aXn. ssZhnIt_m[\Øns≥d ASnkvYm\Øn

e√msX \∑Xn∑Isf \njvIrjvSambn hyhtOZn°phm≥ \ap

°mhn√. AXns∂mcpßnbm¬ Znhkßƒ IgnbpwtXmdpw \∑

Xn∑Isf am‰n \n¿hNnt°≠nhcpw. AlnwkmhmZØn\p apX¬

bpIvXnhmZØn\p hsc kw`hn®Xv AXmWv.

\∑Xn∑Isf°pdn® hyIvXhpw ZrVhpamb ImgvN∏mSv a\p

jysc \∑°pth≠n \ne\n¬°phm≥ t]cn∏n°pIbpw Xn∑bn

¬ \n∂v apIvXamIphm≥ klmbn°pIbpw sNøpw. AXmWv

Ckvemans≥d NcnXØn¬ kw`hn®Xv. apkvenwIfpsS sNbvXn

Iƒ°v Ah¿ ]Xnêw Imw£n®Xv ]ctemIØp\n∂v IqSnbm

bt∏mƒ AhcpsS ]h¿Øßfn¬ Bflm¿Y-Xbpw A¿]W

k∂≤Xbpw hfcpIbpw ]IS\]cX Xoscbn√mXmhpIbpw

sNbvXp.

ap≥ Ign™ ]hmNI∑msc√mw GsX¶nepsamcp ]tXy

I kaqlØntet°m ]tZiØntet°m th≠n \ntbmKn°s∏

´h-c-mbncp∂p. aplΩZv \_n (k)bmIs´ temIØmIam\ap≈

a\pjycnte°v apgph\pambn \ntbmKn°s∏´ ]hmNI\mWv.

a‰p ]hmNI∑mcpsSsb√mw in£W \n¿tZißƒ AhcpsS

ImeØn\ptijw Ipd®p Ign™t∏mƒ hnIeam°s∏SpIbp

≠mbn. F∂m¬, aplΩZv \_n (k)bpsS PohnXhpw ]t_m[\

ßfpsa√mw A¥y\mƒ hscbp≈h¿s°√mw a\ nem°mhp

∂ coXnbn¬ tcJs∏´p InS°p∂p. ]hmNI≥ ]d™psh∂v

]Ncn∏n®psIm≠v Ifhv kXyam°m≥ ian®m¬ AXp I≠p

]nSn°m≥ km[n°p∂ coXnbnemWv At±lØns≥d PohnXhpw

samgnIfpw tcJs∏SpØs∏ńcn°p∂Xv. Ahkm\\mfphsc

bmsXmcp t`ZKXnbpamhiyan√mØ k∑m¿K kwlnXbmWv

aplΩZv \_n (k)bneqsS A√mlp temIØn\v \¬Inbncn°p

∂Xv. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ C\n Hcp ]hmNIs≥d Bhiyan√.

aplΩZv (k) A¥na]hmNI\mIp∂p. At±lØn\p tijw

C\n ]hmNI∑m¿ hcm\n√. At±lw ]d™p: "Fs≥dbpw

ap≥]hmNI∑mcpsSbpw D]a CXmWv: Hcmƒ Hcp aµncw \n¿

an®p. AXns\ kpµchpw kp`Khpam°n. ]s£, Hcp aqe°√n

s≥d kvYm\w Hgnhm°nsh®p. P\ßƒ AXns\ ]Z£nWw

sh°pIbpw AXns≥d `wKnbn¬ hnkvacn°pIbpwsNbvXp.

""F¥psIm≠v Hcp I√pIqSn sh®n√'' F∂v Ah¿ ]dbpIbp

≠mbn. Rm\sX B I√v. Rm\sX A¥y]hmNI≥.-'1

hnip≤Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂Xv ImWpI: "aplΩZv \nßfpsS

]pcpj∑mcn¬ HcmfpsSbpw ]nXmhmbnń√. ]t£, At±lw

A√mlphns≥d ZqX\pw ]hmNI∑mcn¬ Ahkm\sØ

BfpamIp∂p'.2

A¥na]hmNI\mb aplΩZv \_n (k)sb ssZhZqX\mbn

AwKoIcn°pIhgn At±lØns≥d PohnXsØ A\p[mh\w

sNøm≥ ]camh[n ]cnian°psa∂mWv Hcmƒ ]XnPvR sNøp

∂Xv. "NcnXImeØv Pohn®ncp∂hcn¬ sh®v G‰hpw alm\mb

1. tbm-cm≥- kv-Im¿-W¿-: C¥y-bp-sS Bbn-cwap-Jßƒ- ]p-dw-: 291.- _p-Jm-cn- ap-kv-enw-2. Jp¿-B≥- 33: 40

198 kXykm£yw 199


a\pjy≥' aplΩZv \_n(k)bmsW∂mWv \njv]£ambn

At±lØns≥d NcnXw ]Tn∏n®hsc√mw ]d™n´p≈Xv.

]kvXpX PohnXamWv Hcp apkvenw ]n¥pScp∂Xv. AXphgn

Ahs≥d PohnXw hnaeoIcn°s∏SpIbpw Cl]chnPbØn\v

AXv \nanØamhpIbpw sNøp∂p.

\akvImcw

Hcp apkvenw \n¿_‘ambpw A\pjvTnt°≠ Nne I¿aßfp

≠v. AXn¬ G‰hpw ][m\s∏´XmWv \akvImcw AYhm kz

emØv. A©pt\cw \akvIcnt°≠Xv Hcp apkvenans≥d \n¿_

‘amb _m[yXbmWvv. \akvImcsØ°pdn®v hnip≤Jp¿B≥

kqNn∏n® kvYeßfnse√mw AXv "\ne\n¿ØpI' F∂mWv

kXyhnizmknItfmSv Blzm\w sNbvXncn°p∂Xv. kXyhnizm

knIfpsS PohnXØn¬ \n∂v Hcn°epw Hgn™pt]mIm≥ ]mSn

√mØ Hcp \n¿_\v[ I¿aamWv A©p t\csØ \akvImcsa

∂¿∞w.

GI\mb ssZhØn\v amXw Bcm[\If¿∏n°p∂psh∂pw

A¥na]hmNI\mb aplΩZn(k)s\ ssZhZqX\mbn AwKo

Icn°p∂psh∂pw ]XnPvR sNbvXv apkvenamIp∂ Hcmƒ

Xs≥d PohnXw ssZhimk\°\pkrXambn IaoIcn°phm≥

_m[ykvY\mWv. F∂m¬ a\pjy≥ Pohn®phcp∂ Np‰p]mSpI

ƒ Ahsc ssZhkvacWbn¬\n∂v AI‰pIbpw tæNvOXIƒ

]h¿Øn°phm≥ t]cn∏n°pIbpw sNøm≥ km[yXbp≠v.

CXv C√mXncn°phm\pw Znhkw apgph≥ ssZhkvacW \ne\n¿

Øns°m≠v Ahs\ hnaeoIcn°phm\pw th≠n ]S®Xºpcm≥

Xs∂ I¬]n® I¿am\pjvTm\amWv \akvImcw.

Hcp ZnhksØ apkvenans≥d PohnXamcw`n°p∂XpXs∂

\akvImcw sIm≠mWv. AWptWmZbØn\v apºv \n¿hln°

]-Xn-aq-∂v

200


s∏Sp∂ ]`mX\akvImc (kp_vlv)ØneqsS k¿hiIvX\mb

kjvSmhn\v apºn¬ \n∂v Ahs≥d kvXpXnIo¿Ø\ßfme]n

°pIbpw Xn∑Ifn¬\n∂v apIvXamb PohnXw \bn°phm≥ Ah

s≥d A\pKlßfmhiys∏SpIbpw sNbvXpsIm≠v PohnX

hrØnIfmcw`n°p∂ Hcmƒ°v ]ns∂ ssZhtIm]Øn\v ]mX

amImhp∂ ]mXbneqsS k©cn°phm≥ km[n°ptam? ]`mX\

akvImcØneqsS ssIhcn® BXvahnip≤nbpsS Hfnaßp∂Xn

\v apºv a[y-mlv\\akvImcw (Zzplv¿) hs∂Øp∂p. At∏mgpw

]m]tamN\Øn\pth≠nbpw am¿K`wiw kw`hn°mXncn°phm

\pw ]S®Xºpcms≥d apºn¬ ssI sIń\n∂pw kmjvSmwKw

\an®pw ]m¿Y-n°p∂ kXyhnizmknbpsS PohnXØn¬ ]m]w

IS∂phcm≥ ]gpXpIsfhnsS? a[-ymlv\\akvImcØns≥d

kvacWbn¬ \n∂v apIvXamhp∂Xn\p apºv kmbmlv\\akvIm

c (Ak¿)Øn\v kabamIp∂p. ho≠pw ssZhnIimk\If

\pkcn®v Pohn°msa∂pw ]m]ßfn¬ \n∂pw AI∂p\n¬°m

sa∂pw apkvenw ]XnPvRsNøp∂p. Ak¿ \akvImcØneqsS

t\SnsbSpØ kwip≤nbn¬ \n∂v hyXnNen®v Zq£nXhrØn

Ifnte°v i≤ Xncnbm≥ km[yXbp≈ kabamIptºmtg°pw

k‘ym\akvImc(aKvcn_v)Ønte°v apkvenw ]thin°p∂p.

AXp Ign™m¬ cmXnbn¬ sX‰pIp‰ßƒ°v km[yXtbsdbp

≈ kabaSp°ptºmƒ ho≠pw kXyhnizmkn \nim\akvImc

(Cim)ØneqsS kjvSmhn\p apºn¬ \ainckvI\mbns°m≠v

]m]tamN\Øn\mbn ]m¿Y-n°pIbpw ssZhimk\Iƒ°\p

krXambn Pohn°msa∂v ]XnPvR \SØpIbpw sNøp∂p.

]ns∂ Hcp apkvenan\v sX‰psNøm≥ kabsahnsS? clkyß

fpw ]ckyßfpw hyIvXambdnbmhp∂ ]S®Xºpcm\p apºn¬

\n∂v A©pt\cw IrXyambn \akvIcn°p∂ Hcp apkvenan\v

]ns∂ ]m]w sNøm≥ IgnbpIbn√. hnip≤Jp¿B≥ ]d™

sXX icn! "(\_ntb) thZKŸØn¬ \n∂pw \n\°v t_m[\w

\¬Is∏´Xv HmXnt°ƒ∏n°pIbpw \akvImcw apdt]mse

\n¿hln°pIbpw sNøpI. Xo¿®bmbpw \akvImcw \oNhrØn

bn¬ \n∂pw \njn≤I¿aØn¬ \n∂pw XSbp∂p. A√mlpsh

Hm¿an°pI F∂Xv G‰hpw alØmb Imcyw Xs∂bmIp∂p.

\nßƒ ]h¿Øn°p∂sXt¥m AXv A√mlp Adnbp∂p'1

a‰p aXßfnteXpt]mse aWnbSn®p sImt≠m iwJp\mZw

apg°ns°mt≠m A√ Ckveman¬ ]m¿Y-\m kabw Adnbn

°p∂Xv. ]kvXpX Adnbn∏pt]mepw ssZhnIalXzØns≥d

]tLmjWhpw Ahs\ amXsa Bcm[n°pbp≈qsh∂

]Jym]\hpw aplΩZv ssZhZqX\msW∂ km£yhpw Dƒs°m

≈p∂p. Znt\\ A©pt\cw ]≈nbn¬ apgßp∂ _ms¶menIƒ

hnizmknIsf \akvImcØnte°pw Aßs\ hnPbØnte°pw

£Wn°p∂p. _m¶v tIƒ°p∂ apkvenwIƒ ]≈nbnte°p

t]mIp∂p. ]≈nbn¬sh®v \S°p∂ kwL\akvImcØn¬

]s¶Sp°m≥ IgnbmØh¿°v hoń¬sht®m qanbn¬ ip≤amb

as‰hnsSsb¶nepwsht®m \akvIcn°mhp∂XmWv. F∂m¬

kwLwtN¿∂p≈ \akvImcw H‰bv°v \akvIcn°p∂Xnt\°m

ƒ 27 Ccń ]XnêZmbIamsW∂v ]hmNI≥ (k) ]d™ncn

°p∂p.

\akvImcw BXvamhns≥d hnaeoIcWØn\pth≠n kjvSm

hv a\pjy¿°v \nivNbn®psImSpØ I¿aamWv. \akvImcØn\p

apºv icocip≤n Dd∏phcptØ≠Xp≠v. aew, aqXw, cIvXw XpS

ßnb aen\hkvXp°ƒ icocØnsehnsSsb¶nepw Ds≠¶n¬

Ah IgpInhrØnbm°nbtijw amXta \akvIcn°m≥ ]mSp

≈q. kvJe\w kw`hn°pItbm kwtbmKØnte¿s∏SpItbm

sNbvX hyIvXn \akvImcØn\papºv \n¿_\v[ambpw Ipfn®v

ip≤nbmth≠Xp≠v. EXpaXnIfpw ]khn®pInS°p∂hcpw

ip≤nbmIp∂Xphsc \akvIcn°m≥ ]mSp≈X√. Cßs\

BXvaip≤n hcpØphm\mbn BZyw icocip≤n \n¿_\v[am

°p∂ Ckvemw hrØn°pw ipNnXzØn\pw \¬Ip∂ ]m[m\yw

hfsc hepXmsW∂v ImWm\mhpw.

icocw samØambn amen\yßfn¬\n∂v apIvXam°nbtijw

\akvImcØnte°v ]thin°p∂Xn\v apºmbn ]tXyIamb

ip≤oIcWI¿aw (hpfp) \n¿hlnt°≠Xp≠v. Xm≥ \akvImc

Øn\mhiyamb \n¿_\v[ipNoIcWw \SØp∂psh∂ hnNmc

tØmSpIqSn apJw IgpIpI, ssIIƒ ap´phsc IgpIpI, Xe

1. Jp¿-B≥- 29: 45

202 \akvImcw 203


XShpI, ]mZßƒ sRcnbmWnbpƒs∏sS IgpIpI F∂o Imcy

ßƒ Iaambn sNøp∂XmWv hpfphnse \n¿_\v[ I¿aßƒ.

ChIqSmsX ipNoIcWØn\pth≠nbp≈ Nne sFNvOnI

I¿aßfpw hpfphn¬ Dƒs∏Sp∂p. ipNoIcWØn\v Ckvemw

\¬Ip∂ ]m[m\yw hyIvXam°m\pXIp∂XmWv hpfphnse

Hmtcm I¿aßfpw.

Cu \n¿_\v[ ipNoIcWØn\ptijw Xm≥ \akvImcØn

te°v ]thin°p∂psh∂ hnNmctØmsS Jn_ve°v A`napJ

ambn \n∂v \SØp∂ Bcm[\ k¿hiIvX\mb Xºpcm\v kI

ehpw ka¿∏n® apkvenamWv Xms\∂v hyIvXam°p∂ hn[Øn

ep≈XmWv. \o≠p \nh¿∂p\n∂psIm≠v s\©n¬ ssIsh®v

k¿htemIc£nXmhpw ]caImcpWnI\pw IcpWm\n[nbpw

]Xnê\mfns≥d DSakvY\pambh\v kIehn[ kvXpXnIfpw

A¿∏n°pIbpw Ah\p ap∂n¬\n∂v "\ns∂ amXw Rßƒ

Bcm[n°pIbpw \nt∂mSpamXw Rßƒ klmbm`y¿Y-\ \S

ØpIbpw sNøp∂p'sh∂v ]XnPvRsbSp°pIbpw "ssZhtIm

]Øn\v ]mXambhcpsSbpw hgn]ng®hcpsSbpw ]mXbn¬\n∂v

AI∂v ssZhm\pKlØn\v ]mXambhcpsS am¿KØnem°phm

≥ Rßsf A\pKlnt°Wta'sb∂p ]m¿Y-n°pIbpamWv

\akvImcØn¬ BZyambn sNøp∂Xv. ]n∂oSv Ipºn´psIm≠pw

\nh¿∂p\n∂psIm≠pw kmjvSmwKw\an®psIm≠pw Ccp∂psIm

≠pw A√mlphn\v kvXpXnIfƒ∏n°pIbpw Ahs\ ]Io¿Øn

°pIbpw Aht\mSv ]m]tamN\Øn\t]£n°pIbpw kXyaX

ktµisaØn®pX∂ ssZhZqX\pw IpSpw_Øn\pw A\pbmbn

Iƒ°pw ssZhImcpWyØn\qth≠n ]m¿Y-n°pIbpw ClPo

hnXØnse hnPbØn\mhiyamb ssZhm\pKlØn\pth≠n

A¿∞n°pIbpw sNøp∂p. "A√mlphmWv G‰hp henbh≥'

F∂p ]Jym]n®psIm≠v Bcw`n°p∂ \akvImcw Ccp∂v Ccp

hitØ°pw Xncn™psIm≠v "\nßfnse√mw ssZhnIkam[m

\hpw ImcpWyhpw D≠mhs´'sb∂v apgph≥ BfpItfmSpw

Biwkn®psIm≠mWv Ahkm\n∏n°p∂Xv. CXn\nS°p

\SØp∂ I¿aßfpw ]m¿Y-\Ifpsa√mw a\pjysc Xn∑bn

¬\n∂v apIvXam°n \∑bnseØn°m≥ klmbn°p∂hbmWv.

\akvImcw apd]Imcw A\pjvTn°p∂ HcmfpsS PohnXØn

¬ Xn∑Iƒ IS∂phcm\p≈ km[yX Xosc hncfamWv. ImcWw

Abmƒ°v ssZhkvacWbn¬ \n∂v Hgn™p\n¬°m≥ kabw

In´p∂n√. k¿hiIvX\pw k¿hImePvRm\nbpw ]caImcpWn

I\pw clkyhpw ]ckyhpw Htct]mse Adnbp∂h\pw ]Xn

ê \mfns≥d DSakvY\pamb A√mlphns\°pdn® kvacW

\ne\n¬°ptºmƒ Hcmƒ°v sX‰psNøm≥ km[n°p∂sX

ßs\? ]hmNI≥ (k) tNmZn®p: "\nßfn¬ BcpsSsb¶nepw

hoń∂cnIneqsS Hcp \Zn Hgp°ns°m≠ncn°pIbpw Abmƒ

Znhkhpw A©pt\cw AXn¬ Ipfn°pIbpw sNøp∂psh¶n¬

AbmfpsS icocØn¬ h√ Agp°pw Ahtijn°ptam?

A\pbmbnIƒ ]d™p: "C√. H´pw Ahtijn°pIbn√'. Xncp

ta\n(k) ]d™p: "AXpt]msebmWv A©pt\csØ \akvIm

cßƒ. Ah hgn A√mlp ]m]ßsf ambv®pIfbp∂p'.1

Hcp cq]Ønes√¶n¬ as‰mcp cq]Øn¬ ]m¿Y-\Iƒ \ne

\n¬°mØ Hcp aXkaqlhpan√. hyhkvYm]nXamb ]m¿Y-

\mcq]ßfn¬ ]eXpw _lpssZhmcm[\bpambn _\v[s∏

´mWv \ne\n¬°p∂Xv. F∂m¬ Ckvemanse hyhkvYm]nX

]m¿Y-\˛kzemØv˛AXns≥d ASnkvYm\mZ¿isØ ]Xn^

en∏n°p∂p. GI\mb kjvSmhnt\mSp≈ ]m¿Y-\Iƒ Dƒ

s°m≈p∂ \akvImcw Xs∂bmWv ]q¿h]hmNI∑mcpw \n¿h

ln®ncp∂sX∂mWv hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. ipsF_v

\_nbpw2 C_mlow \_nbpw k¥XnIfpw3 aqkm\_nbpw4

Cukm\_nbpsa√mw5 \akvImcw \n¿hln®ncp∂hcmsW∂

]kvYmh\Ifn¬ \n∂v \ap°v a\ nem°m≥ Ignbp∂Xv CXm

Wv. GIssZhmcm[\bn¬\n∂v AhcpsS kaqlßƒ hyXnNen

®t∏mƒ hyhkvYm]nXamb ]m¿Y-\mcq]ßfnepw am‰ßfp

≠mbn _lpssZhmcm[\bn¬ A[njvTnXambXmbncn°W

sa∂v IcpXmhp∂XmWvv.

1. _p-Jm-cn-,- ap-kv-enw-2. Jp¿-B≥- 11: 873. Jp¿-B≥- 14: 374. Jp¿-B≥- 20: 145. Jp¿-B≥- 19: 31

204 \akvImcw 205


]q¿h]hmNI∑m¿ kzoIcn®ncp∂ ]m¿Y-\m coXn aplΩZv

\_n kzoIcn°pIbpw ]Tn∏n°pIbpw sNbvX coXntbmSv kaam

bncp∂psh∂v Xs∂bmWv ss__nƒ hmbn®mepw \ap°v a\kn

kemhpI. "ap´pIpØn Xe s\‰n \neØv ]Xn∏n®psIm≠v

Xs∂bmWv A_lmapw1 Genbmhpw2 tamibpw Altcm\pw2

Zm\ntbepw4 tbiphpsa√mw5 ]m¿Y-n®Xv F∂mWv ss__nfn¬

\ap°v ImWm≥ Ignbp∂Xv. ap´pIpØn s\‰n \neØv IpØn

s°m≠v hyhkvYm]nXamb ]m¿Y-\ \n¿hln°p∂ C∂v \ne

\n¬°p∂ P\kqalw CkvemanI kaqlamsW∂ hkvXpX

]tXyIw ]kvXmhyasX.

\akvImcw tIheamb HcmNmcsa∂Xnep]cnbmbn, k¿hi

IvX\mb kjvSmhpambp≈ A`napJkw`mjWamWv. Cusbm

cp t_m[ap≠mIptºmƒ amXamWv \akvImcw ]m]ßsf ambv

®pIfbp∂Xv. A√msX Np≠p amXadnbp∂ Iptd a¥ßfcphn

´XpsIm≠v ]m]ßfn¬ \n∂v ip≤oIcn°s∏SpIbn√. lrZb

Øn¬ \n∂pb¿∂phcp∂ ÌvXnbpw ]m¿Y-\IfpamWv \akv

ImcØns≥d aPvP. Ah C√mØ \avkImcw ]m]hnapIvXn

\¬Ip∂n√. AXpsIm≠mWv AØcw \akvImc°mcn¬ \n∂v

Ckvemw \ntcm[n® coXnbnep≈ kz`mhßfpw ]h¿Ø\ßfp

ap≠mIp∂Xv. AØcw \akvImc°msc°pdn®v hnip≤Jp¿B

≥ ]dbp∂Xv t\m°pI: "F∂m¬ XßfpsS \akvImcsØ∏‰n

i≤bn√mØhcpw P\ßsf ImWn°m≥ th≠n ]h¿Øn°p

∂hcpw ]tcm]Imc hkvXp°ƒ apS°p∂hcpamb \akvImc

°m¿°mIp∂p \miw.-'6

kwLw tN¿∂p≈ \akvImcamWv IqSpX¬ ]pWyIcsa∂v

]d™pht√m. Hcp t\Xmhns≥d Iogn¬ kaqlØnse kI

ecpw tXmfpcpΩn \n∂p≈ \akvImcw Ckvemw hn`mh\w sNøp

∂ kaqlØns≥d \nZ¿i\asX. a\pjy¿ krjvSn®psh®n´p

≈ D®\oNXzßƒ°XoXambn k¿hiIvX\mb kjvSmhns≥d

k∂n[nbn¬ a\pjysc√mw XpeycmsW∂v hyIvXam°p∂ kw

L \akvImcw Nn´bps≈mcp kaqlsØ hf¿ØnsbSp°p∂p.

kmaqlyt_m[hpw A®S°hpap≠m°nsbSp°p∂Xn\pw

kwL\akvImcØn\v Ignbp∂p. kwL\akvImcØn¬ kvXo

IfpsS hcnIƒ ]pcpj∑mcpsS hcnIfpsS ]n∂nembncn°W

sa∂v ]hmNI≥(k) \njvI¿jn®n´p≠v.1

F√m sh≈nbmgvNbpw a[ymlv\kabØv \S°p∂ PpapA

bn¬ kvYeØp≈ F√m apkvenapw ]s¶Sp°¬ \n¿_\v[am

Wv. tcmKnIƒ, IpńIƒ, bmX°m¿, kvXoIƒ F∂nh¿ Cu

\n¿_\v[Øn¬ \ns∂mgnhmsW¶nepw Ah¿°pw km[n°psa

¶n¬ ]s¶Sp°mhp∂XmWv. Camans≥d ]kwKhpw c≠p dIvA

Øv kwL\akvImchpamWv PpapA Znhkw ]≈nbn¬ sh®p

\S°p∂Xv. Hcp ]tZisØ apkvenwIƒ apgph≥ ]≈nbn¬

Hcpan®v Iq´p∂ ZnhkØn¬ AhcpsS ssZ\wZn\ PohnXhpambn

_\v[s∏´ hnjbßfnep≈ D]tZißƒ \¬IpIbpw Ahsc

t_m[hm∑mcm°pIbpw sNtø≠Xv Camans≥d ISabmWv.

]kvXpX D]tZißƒ kaqlsØ \∑bnte°v \bn°pIbpw

Xn∑bn¬ \n∂v XSbpIbpw sNøp∂ cq]Ønep≈Xmbncn°pw.

BgvNtXmdpw Cu D]tZißƒ ihn°p∂ Hcp apkvenan\v hgn

sX‰phm\p≈ km[yX Xosc hncfamWv.

A©pt\csØ \n¿_\v[\akvImcw IqSmsX Nne sFNv-

OnI \akvImcßfpw ]hmNI≥ \n¿tZin®n´p≠v. \n¿_\v[

\akvImcßƒ°v aptºm ]ntºm \n¿hln°s∏Sp∂ \akvIm

cßƒ, \nim\akvImcw, CuZv \akvImcßƒ, ag°pth≠nbp

≈ \akvImcw, KlW\akvImcw, A`nhmZ\ \akvImcw XpS

ßnbhbmWXv. Chbn¬ NneXv Znt\\ \n¿hlnt°≠Xpw a‰p

Nneh ]tXyIamb Ahkcßfn¬ \n¿hlnt°≠XpamWv.

Hcp apkvenans≥d PohnXØn¬ \n∂v Hcn°epw Hgn™pt]m

hm≥ ]mSn√mØ Hcp Bcm[\bmWv \akvImcw. \n∂psIm≠v

\akvIcn°m≥ km[n°mØh¿ Ccp∂pw AXn∂v km[n°m

Øh¿ InS∂pw AXn∂pw km[n°mØh¿ a\ n¬ IcpXns°m

1. D¬-∏Øn- 17: 32. cm-Pm- 18: 423. kw-Jy- 20: 64. Zm-\n-tb¬- 6: 105.- aØm-bn- 26: 396. Jp¿-B≥- 107: 4˛7 1.- ap-kv-enw-

206 \akvImcw 207


≠pw \akvIcn°Wsa∂mWv ]hmNIs≥d I¬]\. tcmKnIƒ

°pw bmX°m¿°pw c≠p \akvImcßƒ Hcp \akvImcØn

s≥d kabØpw bmX°m¿°v \mep dIvAØp≈ \akvImcw

Npcp°n c≠p dIvAØmbpw \akvIcn°m\p≈ A\phmZw

]hmNI≥ (k) \¬Inbn´p≠v. Cu CfhpIsf√mw Hcmƒ°v

D]tbmKn°mw. ]t£, Hcp apkvenw Hcn°epw \akvIcn°mXn

cn°p∂ AhkvYbp≠mbn°qSm. ]hmNI≥ ]d™p. "\ap°pw

Ah¿°pw (hnizmkn°pw Ahnizmkn°pw) CSbnep≈ DSºSn

\akvImcamIp∂p. AXn\m¬ B¿ \akvImcw Dt]£n°p∂p

thm Ah≥ kXy\ntj[n Bbn.-'1

\akvIcn°mØh¿°pw \akvIcn°p∂h¿°pw ]ctemI

Øv e`n°m\ncn°p∂ c£min£Isf°pdn®v hnhcn°sh Jp¿

B≥ ]dbp∂Xv t\m°pI "Ip‰hmfnIsf∏‰n Ah¿ (kz¿Khm

knIƒ) At\zjn°pw; \nßsf \cIØn¬ ]thin∏n®Xv

F¥n∂msW∂v. Ah¿ (Ip‰hmfnIƒ) adp]Sn ]dbpw: Rßƒ

\akvIcn°p∂hcpsS Iq´Ønembncp∂n√. Rßƒ AKXnIƒ

°v Blmcw \¬Ipambncp∂n√. tXm∂nhmkØn¬ apgpIp∂h

tcmSv IqsS Rßfpw apgpIpambncp∂p. ]XnêØns≥d \mfn

s\ Rßƒ \ntj[n®p Ifbpambncp∂p.2

\n¿_‘ Zm\w

\akvImcw Ign™m¬ ]ns∂ Ckveman¬ G‰hpw ][m\

s∏´ I¿aamWv kI-mØv AYhm \n¿_‘Zm\w. hnip≤ Jp¿

B\n¬ \akvImctØmsSm∏w Xs∂ ]cma¿in°s∏´ Hcp I¿a

amWv kI-mØv. \akvImcw \ne\n¿Øphm≥ I¬]n°p∂ an°

Jp¿B\nI kqIvXßfnepw kI-mØv sImSp°phm≥ I¬]n®

Xmbn ImWm≥ Ignbpw. "BIbm¬ \nßƒ \akvImcw apdt]m

se \n¿hln°pIbpw kI-mØv \¬IpIbpw A√mlpsh apdp

sI ]nSn°pIbpw sNøpI.-'1

`qanbnse hn`hßƒ a\pjy\pth≠n krjvSn°s∏ń´p

≈XmWv. A√mlphns≥d A\pKlßƒ tXSns°m≠v qanbn

¬ hym]cn°phm≥ Jp¿B≥ a\pjytcmSv Bhiys∏Sp∂p.2

]IrXnhn`hßsf D]tbmKn°phm\pw ssZhnIm\pKlßsf

tXSphm\pap≈ AhImiw F√m a\pjycptSXpamWv. GsX¶n

epw Hcp hn`mKØn\p amXw ]]©Ønse hkvXp°ƒ BkzZn

°phm\p≈ AhImiw Ckvemw \¬Ip∂n√. ]IrXnsb D]

tbmKn°phm\p≈ Hmtcm a\pjys≥dbpw AhImisØ \ntj

[n°phm\p≈ A[nImchpw B¿°pan√. A[zm\n°phm\pw

[\w kºmZn°phm\pap≈ AhImiw F√mh¿°pw XpeyamWv.

]camh[n D¬]-mZn∏n°sWsa∂mWv Ckvemw ]Tn∏n°p∂

1.- Alv-aZv-2. Jp¿-B≥- 74: 41˛46

]-Xn-\m-ev-

1. Jp¿-B≥- 22: 782. Jp¿-B≥- 62: 10

208


Xv. D¬]-mZn∏n°phm\pw kºmZn°phm\pap≈ AhImiw hyIv

Xn°p≠v. [m¿anI \nbaßƒ ]men®psIm≠v hyIvXn \SØp∂

kºmZyw Aht≥d-XpXs∂bmWvv, cmjvSØns≥dtbm kaql

Øns≥dtbm A√. ]t£, Cu kºmZyØn¬ \n∂v cmjvSØn

s≥dbqw kaqlØns≥dbpw BhiyØn\pth≠n sNehgn°m

≥ Ah≥ XbmdmhWw. AXp hyIvXnbpsS _m[yXbmWv. Xm≥

kºmZn°p∂sXm∂pw X\n°p≈Xs√∂ t_m[amWv IayqWn

kv‰v cmjvSßfnse D¬]mZ\tØmXv Ipdbm\p≠mb ImcWw.

Xs≥d kºmZyw X\n°v CjvSap≈Xpt]mse sNehgn°msa∂

hnNmcamWv apXemfnØ temIØns≥d ]mfn®. Cu c≠v BXy

¥nIXIsfbpw \ntj[n°p∂ Ckvemw kºmZn°phm\p≈

hyIvXnbpsS AhImiw AwKoIcn®psImSp°pIbpw AXn¬\n

∂v \n¿ZnjvS coXnbn¬ sNehgnt°≠Xv Ahs≥d _m[yXbm

sW∂v ]Tn∏n°pIbpw sNøp∂p.

imcocnItam at‰m Bb IgnhptISpIfm¬ kmºØnI cwK

Øv hnjaa\p`hn°p∂ hyIvXnIsf kwc£nt°≠ _m[yX

kaqlØn\mWp≈Xvv. AXn∂mbmWv Ckvemw k°mØv hyh

kvY \S∏nem°nbncn°p∂Xv. apXemfn Xs≥d kºmZyØns≥d

c≠c iXam\w \n¿_\v[ambpw sNehgn°Wsa∂mWv Ckv

emans≥d imk\. Im¿jnI hnfIƒ°msW¶n¬ \\®p≠m°n

bXn\v A©p iXam\hpw \\°msX D≠mbXn\v ]Øp iXam

\hpw k°mØv \¬IWw. I∂pImenkºØn\pw B`cWß

ƒ°psa√mw AhbpsS tXmX\pkcn®v k°mØv \¬IWsa

∂mWv ]hmNIs≥d imk\. CXv [\nI≥ sFNv-OnIambn

sNtø≠ Imcya√. kI-mØv \n¿_\v[Zm\amWv. AXv \¬tI

≠Xv [\nIs≥d _m[yXbmWv.

kI-mØv [\nIs≥d HuZmcya√. ZcnZs≥d AhImiasX.

apkvenans≥d kz`mhßsf°pdn®v ]dbp∂nSØv hnip≤Jp¿

B≥ C°mcyw kqNn∏n°p∂Xv ImWpI. "XßfpsS kzØp°

fn¬ tNmZn®phcp∂h\pw D]Poh\am¿K-w XSbs∏´h\pw \n¿

WnXamb AhImiw \¬Ip∂h¿.'1 hyXykvX Xcw ImbvI\nI

sf°pdn®p hnhcn®psIm≠v hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ "AXns≥d hnfsh

Sp∏v Znhkw AXnep≈ _m[yX \nßƒ sImSpØpho´pIbpw

sNøpI'1 F∂v \njvI¿jn®Xn¬ \n∂v Im¿jnIhnfIƒ ]dn

s®Sp°p∂hcpsS _m[yXbmWv AhbpsS \nivNnXamb kIm

Øv \¬IpIsb∂ Imcyw hyIvXamIp∂p.

apXemfn ]mhs∏´h∂p \¬Ip∂ \mWbØp´pIf√ kIm

Øv. kº∂s≥d ASpØp\n∂v cmjvStam kaqlw DØchmZ

s∏SpØnb kvYm]\ßtfm ]ncns®Sp°pIbpw A¿lXs∏´h¿

°v hnXcWw sNøpIbpamWv kI-mØns≥d cq]w.

\n¿_‘ambpw Nnehgnt°≠Xv Ggp hIp∏pIfnembns°m

≠mIWsa∂mWv Jp¿B\ns≥d imk\. "Zm\[¿aßƒ ZcnZ

∑m¿°pw AKXnIƒ°pw AXns≥d ImcyØn¬ ]h¿Øn°p∂

h¿°pw (Ckvemapambn) a\ pIƒ CW°s∏´h¿°pw ASnaI

fpsS (tamN\Øns≥d) am¿KØnepw hgnt]m°∂pw amXamWv.

A√mlphn¶¬ \n∂p \nivNbn°s∏´XsX CXv. A√mlp

F√mw Adnbp∂h\pw bpIvXnam\pamWv.1

Aekamb PohnXw Ckvemw \ncp¬kmls∏SpØp∂p. A\

¥ckzØv [-q¿ØSn®v Pohn°p∂h¿ sIm≈cpXmØhcmWv.

Ckvemanse kI-mØv hyhkvY CØcamfpIfpsS AekX

AI‰p∂p. FX henb kºØmbncp∂mepw h¿jw tXmdpw

c≠c iXam\w sNehgn°pIbmsW¶n¬ \m¬]Xp h¿jØn

\p≈n¬ B kºØv Xo¿∂pt]mIpsa∂ Nn¥ AekX AI‰p

Ibpw kºØns\ D¬]mZ\cwKØnd°m≥ t]cn∏n°pIbpw

sNøp∂p.

"kI-mØv' F∂ ]ZØn\v hf¿®sb∂pw kwkvIcWsa∂pw

A¿Y-ap≠v. kºØns≥d kwkvIcWamWv k°mØv. Cu

kwkvIcWamIs´ kmºØnIk¥penXXzØn\pw kmaqly

]ptcmKXn°pw \nanØamIp∂Xphgn hyIvXnbpsSbpw kaql

Øns≥dbpw hf¿®°v ImcWamhpIbpw sNøp∂p. kmºØnI

amb AXym¿ØnbmWv ]et∏mgpw a\pjysc alm]m]ßfnte

°v \bn°p∂Xv. kI-mØv kmºØnIamb XymKamWt√m.

AXpsIm≠pXs∂ kI-mØv hyhkvY [\]qPsbbpw kzm¿

1. Jp¿-B≥- 70: 25, 26 1. Jp¿-B≥- 9: 60

210 \n¿_‘ Zm\w 211


Y-Xsbbpw ZqcoIcn®p IfbpIbpw XymKk∂≤Xbpw ]tcm]

ImtcNvObpw hf¿ØpIbpw sNøp∂p. a\pjysc ipNoIcn°p

Ibpw kwkvIcn°pIbpw sNøp∂ I¿aambn k°mØns\

]cnNbs∏SpØp∂ Hcp Jp¿B≥ kqIvXw ImWpI. "Ahsc

ipNoIcn°pIbpw Ahsc kwkvIcn°pIbpw sNøm\pXIp∂

Zm\w AhcpsS kzØp°fn¬ \n∂v \o hmßpIbpw Ah¿°v

(A\pKlØn\v) th≠n ]m¿Y-n°pIbpw sNøpI'1

kI-mØv ssZhnIamb imk\IfpsS ASnkvYm\Øn¬

kwLSn∏n®v hnXcWw sNøm≥ kaqlw k∂≤ambm¬ temI

Øp\n∂v ZmcnZysa∂ ]iv\w GXm≠v ]q¿WambnØs∂

Hgnhm°m≥ Hgnhm°m≥ Ignbpw. CkvemanI cmjvSØn¬ kI-

mØv hmßphm≥ Bcpan√mXncp∂ AhkvYbp≠mbn v ASpØ

cmjvSØnte°v Ah hnXcWw sNbvX kw`hw NcnXØnep

≠mbn´p≠v.

kI-mØv t]mseØs∂bp≈ as‰mcp \n¿_‘ Zm\amWv

^nXz-v¿ kI-mØv. daZm≥ amkØnse hXm\pjvSm\Øns≥d

kam]vXnIpdn®psIm≠v BtLmjn°s∏Sp∂ CuZp¬ nXv-zdn

t\mS\p_\v[n®v hnXcWw sNøs∏Sp∂ Zm\asX CXv. CuZp

¬ ^nXv-z¿ kpZn\Øn¬ Bcpw ]ńWnInS°mXncn°p∂Xn\p

th≠n kwhn[m\n°s∏´ Zm\amWnXv. s]cp∂mƒ ZnhksØ

`£Wmhiyßƒ°p≈ kºsØmgn®v an®ap≈hsc√mw Cu

Zm\w \¬Im≥ \n¿_\v[nXcmWv.

\akvImctØmsSm∏w kI-mØp \¬Iphm\pw Hcmƒ k∂

≤\mhp∂tXmsS Abmƒ CkvemanI kaqlØn¬ AwKam

Ip∂p; apkvenwIfpsS ktlmZc\mbn amdp∂p. Jp¿B≥ ]dbp

∂p: "F∂m¬ Ah¿ ]ivNmØ]n°pIbpw \akvImcw apdt]m

se \n¿hln°pIbpw kI-mØv \¬IpIbpw sNøp∂]£w

Ah¿ aXØn¬ \nßfpsS ktlmZcßfmIp∂p.'2

hXm\pjvTm\w

Ckvemanse \n¿_\v[amb I¿am\pjvTm\ßfn¬ s]´Xm

Wv HcpamksØ hXm\pjvTm\w. ]`mXw apX¬ ]tZmjw

hsc A∂]m\obßfn¬ \n∂pw hnImc]q¿ØoIcWØn¬

\n∂pw hn´p\n¬°pIbmWv Ckvemw hXm\pjvTm\w sIm≠v

hnh£n°p∂Xv. ssZham¿KØn¬ ]h¿Øn°phm\p≈ kl

\hpw XymKk∂≤Xbpw hf¿ØnsbSp°p∂ hXm\pjvTm\w

hnhn[ cq]ßfn¬ F√m aXkaqlßfnepw \ne\n∂ncp∂Xm

bn ImWm≥ Ignbpw. ]ucmWnI Koknepw CuPn]vXnepw

ssN\bnepsa√mw hnhn[ coXnIfnep≈ hXm\pjvTm\ßƒ

\ne\n∂ncp∂psh∂v a\ nem°m≥ Ign™n´p≠v. lnµpkaq

lØn¬ Nne ]tXyI coXnIfnep≈ D]hmkßƒ C∂pw \ne

\n¬°p∂p. blqZ∑m¿°nSbn¬ hXm\pjvTm\w \ne\n∂ncp

∂psh∂v ss__nƒ ]gb \nbaw hyIvXam°p∂p. blqZcnte

°p h∂ ]hmNI\mb tbiphpw D]hkn®ncp∂Xmbn kphn

tijßfn¬ \n∂v a\ nem°mw. ]q¿h kapZmbßfn¬ \ne\n

∂ncp∂t]mse apkvenwIƒ°v hXm\pjvTm\w \n¿_‘am

°ns°m≠p≈ ssZhI¬]\ Cßs\bmWv: "kXyhnizm

knItf, \nßfpsS apºp≈htcmSv I¬]n®ncp∂Xpt]mseØ

s∂ \nßƒ°pw t\mºv \n¿_\v[ambn I¬]n°s∏ńcn°p∂p.

\nßƒ tZmj_m[sb kq£n°phm≥ th≠nbsX AXv'.11. Jp¿-B≥- 9: 103

2. Jp¿-B≥- 9: 11

]-Xn-\-©v-v

1. Jp¿-B≥- 12: 183

212


]q¿hkapZmbßƒ°v hXm\pjvTm\Øn\v \n¿tZin°s∏

ńcp∂ Imew IrXyambn a\ nem°m≥ Ign™nń√. Ckmtb

¬ kapZmbØn¬ kw`hn® hyXykvXßfmb kw`hßfpsS

kvacWbmbns°m≠mbncp∂p bqlZ∑mcpsS D]hmkßfne

[nIhpsa∂mWv ]gb \nba ss__nfn¬ \n∂v a\ nemhp∂

Xv. tbip ]nimNns≥d ]tem`\Øn¬ \n∂v c£s∏Sm≥ th

≠n 40 Znhkw D]hkn®Xmbn aØmbnbpsS kphntijØn¬1

ImWmw. ap≥kapZmbßfnteXn¬ \n∂v hyXykvXambn ¢n]vX

ambn Hcp ImebfhnemWv Ckveman¬ hXm\pjvTm\w \n¿_

\v[am°s∏ńcn°p∂Xv. A¥y\mƒ hscbp≈ a\pjy¿s°√m

ambp≈ am¿KZ¿i\hpambn AhXcn∏n°s∏´ hnip≤ Jp¿B

\ns≥d AhXcWw aqew [\yamb daZm≥ amkØn¬ hXa\p

jvTn°phm\mWv apkvenw I¬∏n°s∏ńcn°p∂Xv. hnip≤ Jp¿

B≥ ]dbp∂Xv ImWpI. "P\ßƒ°v am¿K-Z¿i\ambns°m

≠pw, t\¿hgn ImWn°p∂Xpw kXyhpw AkXyhpw th¿Xncn

°p∂Xpamb kphyIvX sXfnhpIfmbns°m≠pw hnip≤ Jp¿

B≥ AhXcn∏n°s∏´ amkamIp∂p daZm≥. AXpsIm≠v

\nßfn¬ B¿ B amkØn¬ k∂nlnXcmtWm Ah¿ B

amkw hXa\pjvTnt°≠XmWv.-'2

hXm\pjvTm\w tZmj_m[sb kq£n°p∂Xn∂v hnizmkn

Isf kPvPam°p∂p. ssZhlnXsØ amXw am\n®psIm≠v

Blmc]m\obßƒ shSnbpIbpw hnImcßƒ \nb¥n°pI

bpw sNøp∂ Hcmfn¬ ssZht_m[hpw kq£vaXbpw h¿[-n°p

sa∂ ImcyØn¬ kwiban√. kZmkabhpw Xm≥ ssZhØm¬

\nco£n°s∏Sp∂ps≠∂ t_m[w amXamWt√m clkyhpw

]ckyhpambn £W ]m\obßƒ D]tbmKn°p∂Xn¬ \n∂pw

ssewKnI_‘Øn¬ \n∂pw Hgn™p\n¬°m≥ Ahs\ t]cn

∏n°p∂Xv. ]ctemIt_m[an√mbncp∂psh¶n¬ clkyamsb

¶nepw Ah≥ Xn∂pIbpw IpSn°pIbpw hnImc]q¿ØoIcWw

km[n°pIbpw sNøpambncp∂p. CXp sNømsX Hcp amk°m

ew XpS¿®bmbn D]hkn°p∂ Hcmfn¬ ssZht_m[hpw kq£v

aXbpw hf¿∂phcnIbpw PohnXØn¬ DS\ofw tZmj_m[sb

kq£n°phm≥ Abmƒ k∂≤\mhpIbpw sNøpsa∂ Imcy

Øn¬ kwiban√. AXpsIm≠mWv hXm\pjvTm\w \n¿_\v[

am°ns°m≠p≈ I¬]\bn¬ "\nßƒ tZmj_m[sb kq£n

°phm≥ th≠nbsX AXv' F∂v hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ ]d™ncn

°p∂Xv.

hyIvXn]camb XymKat\m`mhhpw tkh\k∂≤Xbpw A¿

]Wt_m[hpw t\mºpImc\n¬ hf¿∂phcp∂p. AtXmsSm∏w

Xs∂ Ah\n¬ kmaqlyt_m[hpw kakrjvSnkvt\lhpw hf

¿Øm\pw hXm\pjvTm\Øn\v km[n°pw. hni∏ns≥d thZ\

A\p`hn®dnbp∂ t\mºpImc\v ]ńWn∏mhßtfmSv kzm`m

hnIambpw Zo\m\pIº hf¿∂p hcp∂p. GXp ]nip°s\bp-w

hXw DZmc\m°pIbpw ]mhs∏´hsc ]cnKWn°p∂hcm°n

am‰pIbpw sNøp∂p. AtXmsSm∏w Xs∂ daZm\nse hXw ZcnZ

s\bpw [\nIs\bpw sFIys∏SpØp∂p. ]Ien¬ A\p`hn°p

∂ hni∏pw Zmlhpw Ccph¿°pw Htct]msebmWt√m. CXv

sshImcnIkaXzØn\v \nanØamhpIbpw CkvemanI kaql

Øns≥d kpkPvPamb sI´pd∏n\Xv ImcWamhpIbpw

sNøp∂p.

hyIvXnsb kzbw\nb¥WØn\v ]mXam°pIbpw tæNvO

amb kz`mhßfn¬ \n∂v apIvXam°pIbpw sNøpIbmWv hXm

\pjvTm\Øns≥d e£ysa∂v ]d™pht√m. Cu e£yØn\p

XIp∂ coXnbnembncn°Ww Hcmƒ hXa\pjvTnt°≠Xv. Ah

≥ NoØ hm°pIfn¬ \n∂pw ]hrØnIfn¬ \n∂pw ]q¿Wam

bn apIvX\mbncn°Ww. AXn√mØ t\mºv hy¿Y-amWv. ]hm

NI≥(k) ]d™p: "NoØ hm°pw ]hrØnbpw shSnbmØh≥

A∂]m\obßƒ Dt]£nt°≠ Bhiyw A√mlphn∂n√.-'1

"t\mºv Hcp ]cnNbmIp∂p. \nßfn¬ Bsc¶nepw hXa\p

jvTn°p∂ ]£w Ah≥ NoØ hm°pIƒ ]dbcpXv. D®Øn¬

kwkmcn°cpXv. Ahs\ h√hcpw iImcn°pItbm Ah√hcpw

Aht\mSv iWvT°v hcnItbm sNbvXm¬ "Rm≥ t\mºpImc1. aØm-bn- 4: 22. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 185 1. _p-Jm-cn-

214 hXm\pjvTm\w 215


\mWv' F∂v Ah≥ ]dRpsIm≈s´.-'1

ssZh]oXn amXw e£yam°n hXa\pjvTn°p∂h≥ Xm≥

apºpsNbvXpt]mb ]m]ßfn¬ \n∂v kzm`mhnIambpw ]ivNm

Ø]n®p aSßp∂p. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ Ah∂v ]m]apIvXn

e`n°pIbpw hnip≤PohnXw \bn°m≥ hXw ]tNmZ\taIpI

bpw sNøp∂p. ]hmNI≥ (k) ]d™p: "hnizmktØmSpw ]Xn

^teNvOtbmSpw IqSn Bsc¶nepw daZ-m\n¬ t\mº\pjv

Tn®m¬ Ahs≥d Ign™pt]mb ]m]ßsf√mw s]mdp°s∏Sp

∂XmWvv.'2

daZm\n¬ tcmKw sImt≠m at‰m t\mº\pjvSn°phm≥ Ign

™nńs√¶n¬ FXZnhksØ hXamtWm hn´pt]mbXv AX

bpw Znhkw ASpØ daZm\n\v apºv A\pjvTn®p hot´≠XmWv.

AXn∂p km[n°mØh¿ Hcp hXØn\v ]Icw Hcp AKXn°v

Blmcw \¬tI≠XmsW∂mWv Jp¿B\nI I¬]\.

Hcpamkw \o≠p\n¬°p∂ XpS¿®bmb daZ-m≥ hXØn\p

]pdsa sFNvOnIamb a‰p Nne hXm\pjvTm\ßƒ IqSnbp≠v.

Ch A\pjvTn°p∂Xv \n¿_\v[as√¶nepw hfsctbsd ]pWy

IcamsW∂mWv ]hmNIhN\ßƒ hyIvXam°p∂Xv.

Npcp°Øn¬, apkvenan¬ BXvaka¿∏WØn\pf k∂≤X

hf¿ØpIbpw XymKa\kvYnXnbp≠m°pIbpw ssZhNn¥bn

te°v Ahs\ \bn°pIbpw sNøp∂ AXnalØmb Hcp I¿a

asX hXm\pjvTm\w. ]kvXpX I¿aØneqsS ssZhm\pK

lØn\pw Aßs\ kz¿K]thi\Øn\pw hnizmkn A¿l\m

hp∂p. ]hmNI≥(k) ]d™p: "kz¿KØn¬ døm≥ F∂ t]cn

¬ Hcp IhmSap≠v. A¥yZn\Øn¬ t\mºpImc\mWv AXneq

sS ]thin°pI. a‰mcpw AXneqsS ]thin°pIbn√'.3

lPvPv

CkvemanI I¿am\pjvTm\ßfn¬ Ahkm\tØXmWv lPvPv.

"Xo¿Y-bmX' F∂¿Y-w hcp∂ lPvPpsIm≠v a°bnse ssZ

h aµncamb IAv_bnte°p≈ Xo¿YmS\hpw AtXmS\p_

\v[n® I¿aßfpamWv kmt¶XnIambn hnh£n°p∂Xv. kmº

ØnIhpw imcocnIhpamb Ignhpw ]m]vXnbpap≈h¿°v PohnX

Ønsemcn°¬ lPvPpsNø¬ \n¿_‘amWv. C°mcyØnte

°v hnc¬ Nq≠p∂ Jp¿B≥ kqIvXßƒ i≤n°pI: "Xo¿®bm

bpw a\pjy¿°ptz≠n kvYm]n°s∏´ H∂masØ Bcm[\ma

µncw _°'1bn¬ D≈XsX; A\pKloXambpw temI¿°v am¿

KZ¿i\ambpw. AXn¬ hyIvXamb ZrjvSm¥ßfp≠v; C_vdm

low \n∂ kvYew. B¿ AhnsS ]thin°p∂pthm Ah≥

\n¿`b\mbncn°p∂XmWv. B aµncØn¬ FØnt®cm≥ Ignhp

≈ a\pjy¿ AXnte°v Xo¿∞mS\w \SØ¬ Ah¿°v A√m

lpthmSp≈ _m[yXbmIp∂p. h√h\pw Ahnizkn°p∂

]£w A√mlp temIcpsS Biban√mØh\mIp∂p.-'2

a‰p aXßfpsS Xo¿Y-bmXIfn¬ \n∂v XnI®pw `n∂amWv

Ckvemanse lPvPv. alm∑mcpsS ihIpSocßfntet°m Ah¿

Bcm[n°s∏Sp∂ kvYeßfntet°m D≈ bmXsbbmWv ]e

aXßfpw Xo¿Y-bmXbmbn ImWp∂Xv. Ckvemw ITn\ambn

1. _p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-2. _p-Jm-cn-3.- _p-Jm-cn-

]-Xn-\m-dv-v

1.- "a°'-bp-sS as‰m-cp- t]cm-Wv- "_°'-2. Jp¿-B≥- 3: 96, 97

216


\ntcm[n®n´p≈ _lpssZhmcm[\bpambn _\v[s∏´ I¿aß

fmWv ]kvXpX Xo¿Y-b-mXIfn¬ ]eXnepapƒs°m≈p∂Xv.

lPvPmIs´ GIssZhmcm[\°v th≠n BZyambn \n¿an°s∏´

aµncØnte°p≈ bmXbmWv. AhnsS \n¿hln°s∏Sp∂Xv

GI\mb kjvSmhn\v amXap≈ Bcm[\bmWv. AhnSsØ

I¿aßƒ GIssZhmcm[\°v th≠n \nesIm≠Xn\m¬ XymK

ßƒ klnt°≠nh∂ alØp°fpsS kvacW ]pXp°pI hgn

]kvXpX am¿KØn¬ kzbw ka¿∏n°m≥ apkvenwIƒ°v

]tNmZ\amIp∂p.

GIssZhmcm[\bpsS ]NmcI\mbn Pohn°pIbpw ]kvXp

X am¿KØn¬ Gsd XymKw kln°pIbpw ssZhØns≥d ]co

£Wßfnse√mw hnPbn°pIbpw sNbvXv "ssZhtXmg≥' F∂

A]c\maØn\v A¿l\mb C_vdmlow \_n(A)bpsS Pohn

XØnse hyXykvX kw`hßfpambn _\v[s∏´XmWv lPvPn

se ][m\ I¿aßsf√mw. hnKlhn¬]\°mcs≥d aI\mbn

P\n® At±lw hnKlmcm[\bpsS A¿Y-an√mbvasb°pdn®v

kz¥w ]nXmhnt\mSv kwkmcn°pI hgn kzKrlØn¬ \n∂v

]pdØm°s∏´p. \mń¬ \SamSnbncp∂ hnKl]qPs°Xnsc

bpw kzbw ssZhambn Na™ncp∂ \wdqZv cmPmhns≥d ZnhyXz

\mSyØns\Xnscbpw iIvXamb ]XnIcn°pI hgn kz¥w \mń

¬ At±lw A\`naX\mbn. hnKl]qPsb FXn¿Øpsh∂

ImcWØm¬ kz¥w kaqlsamcp°nb AKv\nIpWvTØn¬

At±lw Fdnbs∏´p. _lpssZhhnizmknIsfmcp°nb NnXbn

¬ \n∂v AXy¤pXIcambn At±lsØ A√mlp c£s∏Sp

Øn. hm¿≤IyØn¬ X\n°p≠mb Ip™ns\bpw mcysbbpw

BƒXmakan√mØ a°macp`qanbn¬ Dt]£n®pt]mcWsa∂

ssZhØns≥d BPvR A\pkcn°pI hgn GXp hn[Ønep≈

XymKØn\pw Xm≥ XbmdmsW∂v At±lw sXfnbn®p. Xt∂m

sSm∏w klmbn°m≥ ]mbamb GIaI\mbncp∂ Ckvam-Cuen

s\ ssZham¿KØn¬ _enbdp°Wsa∂ I¬]-\bp≠mbt∏m

ƒ H´pw ssha\kyan√msX AXv A\pkcn°m\t±lw Xbmdm

bn. ]kvXpX ]co£WØnepw hnPbn® At±ltØmSv aIs\

_enbdpt°≠Xns√∂pw ]Icw Hcp BSns\ AdpØm¬ aXn

sb∂pw ssZhw I¬]n®p. Cßs\ Xs≥d PohnXsØbpw IpSpw

_sØbpsa√mw kjvSmhn\v ka¿∏n°pI hgn ssZhkmao]y

Øn\v A¿l\mb alm\mb C_mloan(A)s≥d amXrI ]n¥p

Scm\mWv hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ a\pjytcmSv Blzm\w sNøp∂Xv.

"kZvhrØ\mbns°m≠v Xs≥d apJsØ A√mlphn\v Iogvs∏

SpØpIbpw t\¿am¿KØnepd®p \n∂psIm≠v C_vdmloans≥d

am¿KsØ ]n¥pScpIbpw sNbXht\°mƒ DØa aX°mc≥

Bcp≠v? A√mlp C_vdmloans\ kplrØmbn kzoIcn®ncn

°p∂p.-'1

Cßs\bp≈ C_vdmlow \_n(A)bpsS kvacWbp≠m°p

I hgn XymKØn\pw A¿∏WØn\pw P\ßsf k∂≤am°pI

bmWv lPvPnse I¿aßƒ sNøp∂Xv. lPvPns≥d tIµamb

a°bnse IAv_m tZhmebw GIssZhmcm[\°pth≠n BZy

ambn kvYm]n°s∏´ tKlamsW∂p ]d™pht√m. Cu tKl

sØ Np‰nbmbncp∂p a\pjyNcnXamcw`n®Xv F∂v A`n]mb

ap≈ NcnX]finX∑mcp≠v. skan‰nIv kwkvImcØns≥d

]mcw`tIµw a°bmbncp∂psh∂v `mjm]finX∑mcn¬

]ecpw A`n]mbs∏ń´p≠v. GXmbncp∂mepw hnip≤ Jp¿B≥

a°m ]´WsØ "]´WßfpsS amXmhv' (DΩp¬ Jpdm) F∂mWv

hnfn®ncn°p∂Xv. CXn¬ \n∂v \mKcnIXIfpsS Bhn¿`mhw

a°m]´Whpambn _\v[s∏´mWv D≠mbn´p≈sX∂mWv

a\ nem°p∂Xv. AXpsIm≠p Xs∂bmhWw GIssZhmcm

[\°pth≠n \n¿an°s∏´ BZysØ tKlw a°bnembXv. Cu

tKlØn\v ]‰nb tISp]mSpIƒ Xo¿°pIbpw ]p\cp≤cn°p

Ibpw sNøpIbmWv C_vdmlow (A) sNbvXXv.

lPvPnse I¿aßsf√mw a\pjykmtlmZcysØbpw kaXz

sØbpw ]Xn\n[oIcn°pIbpw ssZht_m[hpw XymKk∂≤

Xbpw hf¿ØpIbpw sNøp∂p. Zp¬lPvPv amkw F´mw XobXn

apX¬°mcw`n°p∂ lPvPpI¿aßƒ ]Xnaqt∂mSpIqSn

Ahkm\n°p∂p. Hcp Xo¿Y-mSI≥ lPvPn¬ ]thin°p∂Xv

Clvdman¬ ]thin°p∂tXmSpIqSnbmWv. hyXykvX kvYeß

fn¬ \ns∂Øp∂h¿°v hnhn[ kvYeßƒ Clvdman\p th≠n

1. Jp¿-B≥- 4: 125

218 lPvPv 219


\nivNbn°s∏ń´p≠v. Clvdman¬ ]thin® ]pcpj≥ Hcp ap≠v

DSp°pIbpw as‰m∂v ]pX°pIbpw sNøphm≥ amXta ]mSp≈q.

a‰p hkvXßƒ D]tbmKn°phm≥ ]mSn√. kvXobmIs´ apJ

hpw ap≥ssIbpsamgn® `mKßsf√mw ad®ncn°Ww. lPvPn¬

]thin®p Ign™h¿ "\mYm, Rm\nXm \ns≥d k∂n[m\Øn

¬. \n\°v ]¶pImcn√. F√m kvXpXnbpw A\pKlßfpw cmP

Xzhpw \n\°p≈XmWv' F∂v Bh¿Øn®p ]d™psIm≠ncn

°p∂p. Clvdmw, Ad^bnse HØptNc¬, IAv_m ]Z£nWw,

k^m a¿hm Ip∂pIƒ°nSbnse Hm´w, apSnsbSp°¬, apkvZen

^bnse cm]-m¿°¬, an\mbnse It√dv, an\mbns e cm]-m¿°¬,

hnShmß¬ ]Z£nWw XpSßnb I¿aßfnse√mw ssZhØn\v

kIeXpw ka¿∏n°p∂Xn\p≈ k∂≤XbpsS ]IS\ßfm

Wp≈Xv. AXpsIm≠p Xs∂ lPvPvI¿aw Ignbp∂tXmSpIqSn

GsXmcmfpw ]ivNmØm]t_m[ap≈h\pw ]m]hncIvX\pambn

amdp∂p. lvPvPv Ignbp∂tXmSpIqSn Abmƒ ap≥Ime]m]ßfn

¬ \n∂v apIvXn t\Sp∂p. ]khn°s∏´ Ip™ns\t∏mse \njv

If¶\mbn amdp∂p. ]hmNI≥ (k) ]d™p: "hm°ntem ]hr

Ønbntem A«oew hcmsXbpw sXΩmSnØw ]h¿Øn°m

sXbpw Bsc¶nepw A√mlphn\v lPvPv sNbvXm¬ Ah≥

amXmhns≥d hb‰n¬\n∂p ]nd∂p hoW ZnhkØnse∂

t]msebmbncn°pw'.-1

lPvPv \S°p∂ Zp¬l÷v amkambm¬ temIapkvenwIfpsS

sb√mw i≤mtIµambn a°m]´Ww amdp∂p. ssZh\maw D®cn

°p∂ e£°W°mb apkvenwIƒ a°bn¬ HØptNcp∂p.

Htc thjw, Htc kzcw. a\ n¬ ssZht_m[w amXw. Np≠n¬

ssZhkvtXmXßƒ. ChnsS D®\oNXzßfn√. tZiobXbpsS

bpw ]mtZinIXbpsSbpw AXn¿hcºpIfn√. IdpØh\pw

shfpØh\pw XΩn¬ A¥cßsfm∂pan√. apXemfnbpw sXmgn

emfnbpw XssYh. F√mhcpw Htc thjØn¬ k¿hiIvXs≥d

kvXpXnIo¿Ø\ßfme]n®psIm≠v Htc I¿aßƒ sNøp∂p.

ChnsS Ckvemw ]Tn∏n°p∂ kmtlmZcyØns≥d ]ISnXcq]w

\ap°v ZriyamIp∂p. AtXmsSm∏w F√m a\pjycpw Hcpan®p

IqSp∂ ]ctemIsØ hnNmcW\mfns\°pdn®v t_m[w F√mh

cnepap≠m°phm\pw Cu HØptNc¬ DXIp∂p.

lPvPpt]meØs∂bp≈ Hcp ]pWyI¿aamWv Dwd. GI

tZiw lPvPnse I¿aßƒ Xs∂bmWv Ddwbnepap≈Xv. CXv

kab_\v[nXa√. Ft∏mƒ thWsa¶nepw \n¿hln°mhp

∂XmWv.

lPvPneqsS t\SnsbSp°p∂ BXvahnip≤n AXnalØc

amWvv. Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂p: "lPvPv Imew Adnbs∏´ amkßfm

Ip∂p. B amkßfn¬ Bsc¶nepw lPvPv I¿aØn¬ ]thin

®m¬ ]n∂oSvv kvXo]pcpjkwk¿Ktam Zp¿hrØntbm hgt°m

lPvPn∂nSbn¬ ]mSp≈X√. \nßƒ GsXmcp k¬]hrØn

sNbvXncp∂meqw A√mlp AXdnbp∂h\mWv. (lPvPn\v t]m

hptºmƒ) \nßƒ bmX°p≈ hn`hßƒ Hcp°nt∏mhpI.

F∂m¬ bmX°pth≠ hn`hßfn¬ G‰hpw DØaambXv

kq£vaXbmIp∂p. _p≤nimenIsf, \nßsfs∂ kq£n®p

Pohn°pI.-'1

1. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 197

220 lPvPv 221


CkvemanI PohnXw

]]©Ønse cmk]Zm¿Y-ßfpsS ]cnWma]h¿Ø\ß

ƒ°nSbn¬ FhnsStbm sh®v cq]w sIm≠ Hcp k¶o¿W-

kwbpIvXw amXamWv ùXnIhmZØns≥d ho£WØnse

a\pjy≥. Cu k¶¬]Øn\v a\pjy\n¬ amXw \n£n]vXambn

cn°p∂ _m[yXIsftbm a‰p ssPhnIhpw AssPhnIhpamb

hkvXp°fn¬ \n∂v hyXykvXambn Ahs≥d AkvXnXzØn

s≥d A]mcamb km[yXIsftbm Ipdn® t_m[w hf¿Øm≥

km[n°pIbn√. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ ùXnIhmZw ]mtbmKn

IXeØn¬ P\ßsf X∂njvSw ]h¿Øn°p∂hcm°n am‰p

∂p. kzm`mhnIamb aqey\ncmkØn∂v AXp \nanØamIp∂p.

AXpaqew a\pjy≥ Ahs≥d DZmØ`mhw ssIshSn™v

ss]imNnI`mhw ]m]n°p∂p. a\pjy\n¬ hf¿∂phcp∂

ss]imNnIKpWßsf°pdn®v ]et∏mgpw "arKobX'sb∂v

]tbmKn°mdp≠v. Cu ]tbmKw icnb√. Al¶mchpw Akqb

bpw AXymKlhpw Im]Syhpw h©\pbpsam∂pw P¥pklN

amb KpWßf√. Ah ss]imNnI KpWßfmWv. ]nimNn¬

\n∂p≠mhp∂ KpWßƒ!

a\pjy≥ DZmØ\mbn ae°pIƒ°v kam\\mhpIbmWv

th≠sX∂v ]dbs∏Smdp≠v. CXpw icnbmb Hcp ]tbmKa√.

a\pjy\v Hcn°epw ae°pIƒ°v kam\amIm≥ Ignbn√.

a\pjys\ amemJbm°p∂psh∂hImis∏Sp∂ ]ptcmlnXaX

ßƒ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ a\pjys\∂ \nebv°v \n¿hln°s∏tS

≠p∂ `mKt[bw \n¿hln°p∂Xn¬ \n∂v hyIvXnIsf XS

™p\n¿ØpI amXamWv sNøp∂Xv. CXv a\pjy\nse am\hn

IXsb XI¿°p∂Xn∂v \nanØamIp∂p.

c≠pXcw AkvXnXzßfpsS ka\zbamWv a\pjy≥. H∂v

Hcp arKØns≥d AkvXnXzhpw at‰Xv ssZhØn¬ \n∂v a\pjy

\v amXw e`n® Zm\amb BXvamhns≥d AkvXnXzhpamWv. Cu

c≠p AkvXnXzßfpw ]ckv]chncp≤amsW∂ Nn¥mKXn

CØcw c≠v AkvXnXzßƒ Xs∂bns√∂ hmZsØ t]mse

Øs∂ A_≤amWv. Cu A_≤amWv ]ptcmlnX aXßfpsS

ASnkvYm\ambn h¿Øn°p∂Xv. a\pjys≥d BflobZmlw

ùXnItNmZ\IfpsS kºq¿W \ncmkØneqsS amXsa

ian∏n°s∏SpIbp≈qsh∂p ]d™ aXßfpsS ]cmPbØn\p

≈ ImcWhpw as‰m∂pa√. P¥pklPamb hnImcßfpw tNmZ

\Ifpw Bflobamb Ahs≥d Bhiyßfpw ka\zbn∏n°s∏

Sptºmƒ amXsa Hcp ]q¿W\mb a\pjy≥ DcpØncnbpIbp

≈q.

hyXncnIvXhpw khntijhpamb AkvXnXzap≈ PohnbmWv

a\pjys\∂mWv Ckvemans≥d A[ym]\w. ktNX\hpw AtN

X\hpamb as‰√m hkvXp°fn¬ \n∂pw XnI®pw hyXykvX

amb AkvXnXzamWv a\pjy\p≈Xv. a\pjykrjvSn°p ]n∂n¬

AXnalØmsbmcp e£yap≠v. `qanbnse Jeo-^bmWv a\p

jy≥. kzX¥amb ssIImcy I¿XrXzhpw A[oim[nImcßfp

ap≈ GI Pohn. ]]©sØ D]tbmKn°phm\pw ]IrXnsb

kzm[o\n°phm\pw Ignbp∂ Htcsbmcp krjvSn. ]IrXn°\p

kcn®v amXw \ne\n¬°m≥ Ignbp∂ a\ptjyXc krjvSnIn¬

\n∂v hyXykvXamb, kzX¥amb ssIImcyI¿XrXzsa∂

DØchmZnØw (Aam\Øv) \¬Is∏´ GI krjvSnbsX a\p

jy≥. BImißfpw qanbpw ]¿hXßfpsa√mw Xs∂ Gs‰Sp

°m≥ hnkΩXn® alØmb hnizkvXZuXyw Gs‰SpØh\m

bmWv Jp¿B≥ a\pjys\ ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂Xv.1 ]IrXnbn

]-Xn-t\-gv-

1. Jp¿-B≥- 33: 72

CkvemanI PohnXw 223


se as‰√m hkvXp°fpw ssZhnIamb I¬]\Isf kzm`mhnI

ambn ]q¿ØoIcn°ptºmƒ, Xs≥d CjvSØn\\pkcn®v ssZhn

II¬]\Iƒ kzoIcn°pItbm XnckvIcn°pItbm sNøm\p

≈ kzmX¥yw \¬Is∏´ GI PohnbmWv a\pjy≥. "Aam\

Øv' \¬Is∏ńcn°p∂ "`qanbnse Jeo^'sb∂v Ckvemw Ah

s\ ]cnNbs∏SpØptºmƒ CXmWpt±in°p∂Xv. kzX¥amb

IgnhpIfneqsS kz¥w `mKt[bw \n¿Wbn°phm≥ Ahkcw

\¬Is∏ńcn°p∂ GIPohnbmb a\pjy\v B IgnhpIsf

krjvSn]cambn D]tbmKn®v PohnX hnPbw t\SpItbm \miI

cambn D]tbmKn®v \jvSw ]‰nbh\mbn amdpItbm sNømw.

a\pjy≥ ssZhnIam¿KZ¿i\ ]Imcw Pohn°ptºmgmWv

a\pjyXzØns≥d ]q¿Wamb ]Imi\w km[yamhpIsb∂m

Wv Ckvemw ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. a\pjys≥d ssPhnIamb Bh

iyßƒ ]q¿ØoIcn°s∏Sp∂tXmsSm∏w Bflmhns≥d DZm

ØoIcWw Fßs\ km[n°msa∂mWv ]hmNI≥ Xs≥d

PohnØneqsS ]Tn∏n®pX∂Xv. P¥pklPamb hnImcßsf

sbm∂pw AhKWn°msX Xs∂ Ahsb Fßs\ am\hoIcn

°msa∂mWv Ckvemw ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. a\pjy ]IrXnbpambn

\qdp iXam\w tbmPn®p t]mhp∂ aXamWv Ckvemw F∂p

]dbptºmƒ CXmWv A¿Y-am°p∂Xv.

`£Ww Ign°pIsb∂Xv a\pjys≥d P¥pklPam-b Hcp

BhiyamWv. Cu BiyØns≥d ]q¿ØoIcWw Ahs≥d Poh

≥ \ne\n¿Øm≥- A\nhmcyhpamWv. F∂m¬ hni∏ns≥d ia\

Øn\p th≠n GXp £Whpw Ign°phm≥ a\pjy\v ]‰ptam?

Cs√∂mWpØcw. `£WkºmZ\Ønepw D]tbmKØnepw

D]t`mKØnepsa√mw P¥p°fn¬ \n∂v hyXykvXambn

a\pjy≥ Nne \nbaßƒ A\pkcnt°≠Xps≠∂v Ahs≥d

B-¥cmflmhv Aht\mSv ]dbp∂p. A\ycpsS kºØv sIm≈

bSn°cpXv F∂ t_m[w a\pjys≥d amXw ]tXyIXbmWv.

as‰mcp Pohnbpw Xm≥ `£n°p∂Xv A\yt≥dXmtWmsb∂v

]cntim[n°mdn√. `£n°pIsb∂ P¥pklPamb Bhiy

hpw A\yt≥dXmhm≥ ]mSns√∂ Bflmhns≥d BKlhpw

ka\zbn°ptºmƒ A[zm\n®v `£Ww kºmZn°pIsb∂

Bibw \n¿≤cn°s∏Sp∂p. CXmWv XZvhnjbIamb am\hn

IX. a\pjys≥d PohnXhyhlmcßfn¬ apgph≥ Cu am\hnI

\ne]mSv kzoIcn°phm\mWv Ckvemans≥-d A\pimk\.

Hcmƒ°v ASnkvYm\]cambn aq∂pXcw _m[yXIfmWp

≈Xv. kjvSmhnt\mSpw CXc krjvSnItfmSpw Xt∂mSp Xs∂

bpw D≈ _m[yXIfmWnh. Cu _m[yXIƒ \ndth‰p∂Xn

eqsS Hcmƒ a\pjyXzØns≥d DZmØamb mhw ]m]n°p∂p.

AYhm ]q¿W\mb Hcp apkvenw BbnØocp∂p.

\sΩ ]S°pIbpw ]cn]men®psIm≠ncn°pIbpw sNøp∂

]S®Xºpcmt\mSmWv BZyambn a\pjy¿°v _m[yXIfp≈Xv.

A√mlphns≥d kØbntem KpWßfntem ]h¿Ø\ßfn

tem a‰mscbpw ]¶ptN¿°mXncn°pIbpw Ahs\ amXw Bcm

[n°pIbpw sNbvXpsIm≠v Ah≥ \¬Inb A\pKlßƒ°v

IrXPvRX ]ISn∏n°p∂XneqsSbmWv Cu _m[yX \ndth‰

s∏tS≠Xv. ssZhimk\Iƒ A\pkcn®psIm≠v Pohn°p∂

XneqsS ssZhm\pKlßƒ°v \µn ]Imin∏n°phm\pw AtXm

sSm∏w Xs∂ kz¥w PohnXsØ hnaeoIcn°pI hgn [\yam

°phm\pw a\pjy¿°v Ignbp∂p. Ckvemanse Bcm[\Iƒ

C°mcyw ]ISam°p∂p. A-©p-t\-c-sØ- \-a-kv-Im-cw- A-h-s\-

sX-‰p-I-fn¬- \n-∂v- ap-Iv-X-am-°p-∂p.- kImØv Ahs\ hn\bm\znX

\pw A≤zm\ioe\pam°p∂p. h-Xm\pjvTm\w Ah\n¬ Bfl

ka¿∏WØn\p≈ k∂≤X hf¿Øp∂p. lPvPv Ah\n¬

ssZham¿KØn¬ ]h¿Øn°phm\p≈ B-thiap≠m°p∂p.

]]©kjvSmhn∂p≈ kºq¿Wamb ka¿∏-Whpw Ahs≥d

ZqX∂p≈ \ncp]m[nIamb A\pkcWhpamWv Ckvemw.

AXmWv hIXbn√mØ aXw.1

hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂Xv t\m°pI: "IogvhW°w A√m

lphn\v amXam°ns°m≠v EPpa\kvIcmb \nebn¬ Ahs\

Bcm[n°phm\pw \akvImcw \ne\n¿Øphm\pw kI-mØv

\¬Iphm\pa√msX AhtcmSv I¬]n°s∏ńń√'-.

]hmNI≥ (k) ]d™p: "Rm≥ sIm≠phcp∂Xns∂√mw

1. Jp¿-B≥- 98: 5

224 CkvemanI PohnXw 225


\nßfpsS CNvO hgßp∂Xphsc \nßfmcpw Xs∂ hnizmkn

IfmhpIbn√.-'1

a\pjy¿ XΩn¬ Fßs\ h¿Øn°Wsa∂pw kz¥tØmSv

\oXn]men®psIm≠v Fßs\ Pohn°Wsa∂psa√mw Ckvemw

]Tn∏n°p∂p≠v. hyIvXnbn¬ hf¿∂phtc≠ KpWßfmbn

hnip≤ Jp¿B\pw \_nNcybpw ]Tn∏n® Imcyßsf√mw Ah

s≥d am\hnIXsb ]tim`n∏n°m\pXIp∂XmWv. ss]imNn

IKpWßfmbn Jp¿B\pw \_nNcybpw FÆnb Imcyßfn¬

\n∂v Hgn™p\n¬°p∂Xv hyIvXnbpsSbpw kaqlØns≥dbp

sa√mw \∑°v AXy¥mt]£nXamWv.

Hcp apkvenans≥d PohnXsØ hnaeoIcn°p∂Xv "kq£vaX'

(XJvh)bmWv. ssZh`bØn¬ \n∂mWv kq£vaX DSseSp°p∂

Xv. ]]©amkIew krjvSn®p ]cn]men®p sIm≠ncn°p∂

A√mlphns≥d A]mcamb A\pKlßsf A\p`hn®psIm≠v

Pohn°p∂hcpsS- _m[yXbmWv Ahs≥d \nba\n¿tZßƒ

A\pkcn®p Pohn°pIsb∂Xv. Cßs\ A\pkcn®p Pohn°p

I hgn A√mlphns≥d sFlnIhpw ]mcXnIhpamb in£bv

°pw tIm]Øn\pw ]mXamhmsX kzicocsØ ImØpkq£n

°phm≥ a\pjy¿°v km[n°p∂p. Cu kq£vaXbmWv a\pjy

sc hnaeoIcn°p∂Xv. "kq£vaX'(XJvh)bneqsS apgp PohnX

hpw sX‰pIp‰ßfn¬ \n∂p apIvam°phm\pw Aßs\ ssZh]o

Xn°v ]mXambns°m≠v kz¿K]thiØn\v A¿lcmIphm\p

amWv hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ Bhiys∏Sp∂Xv. hnizmkßfpw I¿a

ßfpw ssZh]oXn°\pkrXambn ]cnh¿Øn∏n°pIbpw AK

XnIsf klmbn°pIbpw Icm¿ ]men°pIbpw £an°pIbpw

\oXn]men°pIbpw kXyk‘X ]pe¿ØpIbpw ]tcm]Imcw

sNøpIbpw [m¿anIambn Pohn°pIbpw kaqlØns≥-d \∑°p

th≠n ]h¿Øn°pIbpw sNøp∂sX√mw XJvhbn¬ Dƒs∏

Sp∂p.

C∆njbIamb GXm\pw Jp¿B≥ kqIvXßfpw ]hmNI

hN\ßfpw i≤n°pI:

"kXyhnizmknItf, \nßƒ A√mlpsh kq£nt°≠ apd

]Imcw kq£n°pI. \nßƒ apkvenwIfmbns°m≠√msX

acn°m\nSbmIcpXv'.-1

"A√mlphnepw A¥yZn\Ønepw ae°pIfnepw thZKŸ

Ønepw ]hmNI∑mcnepw hnizkn°pIbpw kzØnt\mSv ]nbap

≠mbn´pw AXv _‘p°ƒ°pw A\mYIƒ°pw AKXnIƒ°pw

hgnt]m°\pw tNmZn®phcp∂h¿°pw ASnatamN\Øn\pw \¬

IpIbpw ]m¿Y-\ apd]Imcw \n¿hln°pIbpw kImØv \¬

IpIbpw Icmdnte¿s∏´m¬ AXv \ndth‰pIbpw hnjaXIfpw

ZpcnXßfpw t\cnSptºmgpw bp≤cwKØpw £assIs°mfpI

bpw sNbvXhcmtcm AhcmIp∂p ]pWyhmf∑m¿. AhcmIp∂p

kXyw ]men®h¿. Ah¿ Xs∂bmIp∂p kq£vaXbp≈h¿'2

"\nßƒ A√mlphns\ Bcm[n°pIbpw Aht\mSv bmsXm

∂pw ]¶p tN¿°mXncn°pIbpw amXm]nXm°tfmSv \√ \nebn

¬ h¿Øn°pIbpw sNøpI. _‘p°tfmSpw A\mYItfmSpw

]mhßtfmSpw IpSpw__‘ap≈ Ab¬°mtcmSpw A\ycmb

Ab¬°mtcmSpw klhmknItfmSpw hgnt]m°t\mSpw \nßfp

sS heXp ssIIƒ DSas∏SpØnb ASnaItfmSpw \√ \nebn¬

h¿Øn°pI-.-'3

"\nßƒ \oXn ]men°pI. AXmWv [¿a\njvTtbmSv G‰hpw

ASpØXv. \nßƒ A√mlphns\ kq£n°pI.-'4

"kXyhnizmknItf, \nßƒ A√mlpsh kq£n°pIbpw

kXyhm∑mcpsS Iq´Øn¬ Bbncn°pIbpw sNøpI.-'5

"\nßƒ kXyw ]dbWw. F¥psIms≠∂m¬ kXyw ]pWy

Ønte°pw ]pWyw kz¿KØnte°pw FØn°p∂p. a\pjy≥

kXyw ]dbpIbpw kXyw ioen°pIbpw sNbvXm¬ A√mlphn

s≥d ASp°¬ kXyhm≥ F∂v FgpXs∏Spw.-'6

"XßfpsS A\maØpIfpw IcmdpIfpw ]men°p∂hcpw

2. _p-Jm-cn-,- ap-kv-enw-

1. Jp¿-B≥- 3: 1022. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 1773. Jp¿-B≥- 4: 364. Jp¿-B≥- 5: 85. Jp¿-B≥- 9: 1196. ap-kv-enw-



XßfpsS \akvImcßƒ IrXyambn A\pjvTn°p∂hcpasX

(B hnizmknIƒ).-'1

"£a ssIs°m≈p∂hcpw kXyw ]men°p∂hcpw `bÌv

Xnbp≈hcpw sNehgn°p∂hcpw cmXnbpsS A¥ybmaßfn¬

]m]tamN\w tXSp∂hcpamIp∂p Ah¿ (kXyhnizmknIƒ).'2

"kt¥mjmhkvYbnepw hnjamhkvYbnepw Zm\[¿aßƒ

sNøpIbpw tIm]w HXp°nsh°pIbpw a\pjy¿°v am∏p \¬

IpIbpw sNøp∂h¿°p th≠n(bp≈XmIp∂p kz¿Kw). k¬°

¿aImcnIsf A√mlp kvt\ln°p∂p.-'3

"£a ssIs°m≠h¿°v Ah¿ ]h¿Øn®psIm≠ncn°p∂

Xn¬ G‰hpw DØaambXn\v A\pkrXambn Ah¿°p≈ ]Xn

êw \mw \¬IpI Xs∂ sNøpw.-'4

"\nßƒ in£m\S]Sn kzoIcn°pIbmsW¶n¬ (FXncmfn

bn¬ \n∂v) \nßfpsS t\scbp≠mb in£m\S]Sn°v Xpeyam

b \S]Sn \nßƒ kzoIcn®psIm≈pI. \nßƒ £an°pIbm

sW¶ntem AXp Xs∂bmWv £amioe¿°v IqSpX¬ DØaw.'5

"Ah¿ A√mlphnepw A¥yZn\Ønepw hnizkn°pIbpw

kZmNmcw I¬]n°pIbpw ZpcmNmcØn¬ \n∂p hne°pIbpw

\√ Imcyßfn¬ AXyp¬kmlw ImWn°pIbpw sNøpw. Ah¿

kPvP\ßfn¬ s]´hcmIp∂p.-'6

"]pWyØnepw [¿a\njvTbnepw \nßƒ At\ym\yw klm

bn°pI. ]m]Ønepw AXnIaØnepw \nßƒ At\ym\yw

klIcn°cpXv. \nßƒ A√mlphns\ kq£n°pI.-'7

"kXyhnizmknIƒ (]ckv]cw) ktlmZcßƒ Xs∂bmIp

∂p. AXn\m¬ \nßfpsS c≠p ktlmZcßƒ°nSbn¬ \nßƒ

cRvPn∏p≠m°pI. \nßƒ A√mlphns\ kq£n°pIbpw

sNøpI. \nßƒ°v ImcpWyw e`nt®°mw.-'8

"Xßƒ°v ZmcnZyap≠mbm¬t]mepw kztZlßtf°mƒ a‰p

≈h¿°v Ah¿ ]m[m\yw \¬IpIbpw sNøpw. GsXmcmƒ

Xs≥d a\ ns≥d ]nip°n¬ \n∂v ImØpc£n°s∏´pthm

AØc°m¿ Xs∂bmIp∂p hnPbw ]m]n®Xv.-'1

aplΩZv \_n (k) ]d™p: "k¬kz`mhßfpsS ]q¿ØoIc

WØn\mWv Rm≥ \ntbmKn°s∏ńcn°p∂Xv.-'2

"ImcpWyw FSpØpam‰s∏SpI lX`mKy\n¬ \n∂p amX

amWv.-'3

"Hcmƒ Xs‚ ktlmZcs≥d Akm∂n[-yØn¬ AbmfpsS

A`nam\ kwc£WØn\p th≠n ]bXv\n®m¬ Abmsf \cI

hnapIvX\m°¬ A√mlphns≥d _m[yXbmbn.-'4

"krjvSnIƒ A√mlphns≥d BinXcmWv. Xs≥d BinX¿

°v D]Imcw sNbvXpsImSp°p∂hcmWv A√mlphn\v G‰hpw

CjvSs∏´h¿.-'5

ssZhZqX≥ A«oew ]dbpItbm \oNhrØnbnte¿s∏SpI

tbm AßmSnIfn¬ tImemleap≠m°pItbm sNbvXncp∂n√.

Xn∑sb Xn∑sIm≠v t\cnńcp∂Xpan√. adn®v am∏p \¬IpIbpw

hn´phogvN ImWn°pIbpamWv sNbvXncp∂Xv.'6

"\_n(k) tcmKnIsf kµ¿in°pIbpw aønØns\ kwkvI

cn°phm≥ sIm≠pt]mhptºmƒ A\pKan°pIbpw ASnaIfpsS

£Ww kzoIcn°pIbpw IgpX∏pdØv bmX sNøpIbpw sNbv

Xncp∂p.-'7

"A_vZp√mln_v\p lmcnkv (d) ]dbp∂p: "ssZhZqXt\

°mƒ (k) A[nIambn ]p©ncn XqIp∂ Hcmsfbpw Rm≥

I≠nń√.-'8

"ePvP KpWa√msX hcpØpIbn√.-'9

1. Jp¿-B≥- 23: 8, 92. Jp¿-B≥- 3: 173. Jp¿-B≥- 3: 1344. Jp¿-B≥- 16: 965. Jp¿-B≥- 16: 1266. Jp¿-B≥- 3: 1147. Jp¿-B≥- 5: 28. Jp¿-B≥- 49: 10

1. Jp¿-B≥- 59: 92. am-en-Iv,- Alv-aZv-3.- Alv-aZv-,- Xp¿-ap-Zn-4.- ss_lJn-5.- ss_lJn-6.- Xp¿-ap-Zn-7.- ss_lJn,- C_v-\p-am-P8.- Xp¿-apZn-9.- _p-Jm-cn-,- ap-kv-enw-



"]pWyw k¬kz`mhamWv; ]m]w \ns≥d lrZbØn¬ kwi

bw tXm∂pIbpw P\ßƒ ImWp∂Xv \o CjvSs∏SmXncn°pI

bpw sNøp∂ ImctatXm AXmWv.-'1

"kXyhnizmkn kmXznI\pw am\y\pambncn°pw. ssZh[n°m

cn h©I\pw am\yXbn√mØh\pambncn°pw.-'2

"a¬]nSpØØn¬ A]cs\ X≈nbnSp∂XneqsSb√ iIvX

s\ Xocpam\nt°≠Xv. tZjyw hcptºmƒ kz¥w a\ ns\

Iogvs∏SpØp∂h\mWv iIvX≥.-'3

"hn¬°ptºmgpw hmßptºmgpw ISw sImSpØXv Xncn®p

tNmZn°ptºmgpw hn´phogvNm a\kvYnXn ImWn°p∂ a\pjy

t\mSv A√mlp IcpW sNøs´.-'4

"\nßfmcpw Ah\h\v CjvSs∏Sp∂Xv kzktlmZc∂pw

CjvSs∏Sp∂Xphsc bYm¿Y- hnizmknbmhpIbn√.'5

"G‰hpw tijvTamb kacw AIanbmb cWm[nImcnbpsS

apºn¬ \oXnbpsS hm°p ]dbemWv.-'6

"\o Idn ]mIw sNøptºmƒ Ipd®[nIw sh≈w \oń Ab¬

°mcs\bpw ]cnKWn°pI.-'7

"\Ωn¬ sNdnbht\mSv IcpW ImWn°mØh\pw henbh

s\ BZcn°mØh\pw \ΩpsS Iq´Øne√ Dƒs∏SpI.-'8

"A\phZ\obamb kºmZ\ am¿Kw At\zjnt°≠Xv _m[y

X°v tijap≈ _m[yXbmWv.-'9

"£atb°mƒ DØahpw hnimehpamb Hcp Zm\w Hcmƒ°pw

\¬Is∏ńń√.-'10

"A√mlp \nßfpsS cq]Øntet°m kºØntet°m A√

t\m°p∂Xv. Ah≥ t\m°p∂Xv \nßfpsS a\ nte°pw ]h¿

Ø\ßfnte°pamWv.-'1

"\n\°v BtcmKyap≠mbncn°pIbpw \ns∂ ]nip°v _m[n

°pIbpw \o ZmcnZysØ `bs∏SpIbpw kº∂Xsb Imw£n

°pIbpw sNøp∂ L´Øn¬ \o sNøp∂ Zm\amWv G‰hpa[n

Iw ]Xn^-ew e`n°p∂ Zm\w.'2

"Pohn®ncn°p∂ ImeØv Hcp Zn¿lw Zm\w sNøp∂Xv acn

°m≥ t\cØv \qdp Zn¿lw Zm\w sNøp∂Xnt\°mƒ FXtbm

DØamWv.-'3

"c≠p Imcyßƒ kXyhnizmknbn¬ Hcpan®pIqSpIbn√:

]nip°pw Zpxkz`mhhpw.4

"NXnb\pw ]nip°\pw sNbvX D]Imcßƒ FSpØp]dbp

∂h\pw kz¿KØn¬ ]thin°pIbn√.-'5

kz`mhßfnepw s]cpam‰Ønepw h-n-ip-≤-\pw- kw-kv-Ir-X-\p-

a-m-bncn°p∂tXmsSm∏w Xs∂ kz¥w icoctØmSp≈ _m[yX

Iƒ \n¿hln°p∂h\mbncn°Ww apkvenw F∂mWv ]hmNI

≥ (k) ]Tn∏n®n´p≈Xv-. kzicocsØ AhKWn°pIbpw ]oUn

∏n°pIbpw sNbvXpsIm≠v tam£w t\SpI F∂ k¶¬]w

Ckveman\v Xo¿Øpw A\yamWv. Bcm[\mImcyßfn¬ amXw

i≤ sNepØnbncp∂ Awdp_v\p¬ Bkn(d)t\mSv ]hmNI≥

]d™ Imcyw it≤bamWv. "\o ]I¬ t\msºSp°pIbpw

t\msºSp°mXncn°pIbpw sNøpI. cmXn DdßpIbpw

\akvIcn°pIbpw sNøpI. ImcWw \ns≥d icoctØmSv \n\

°v _m[yXbp≠v. \ns≥d IÆpItfmSv \n\°v _m[yXbp≠v.

\ns≥d `mcytbmSv \n\°v _m[yXbp≠vv. \ns≥d kµ¿i

ItcmSpw \n\°v _m[yXbp≠v.-'6

`£WØns≥dbpw hkvXØns≥dbpw hnt\mZßfpsSbp

sa√mw ImcyØn¬ anXXzw ]men°phm\mWv ]hmNI≥ (k)

1.- ap-kv-enw-2.- Alv-aZv,- Xp¿-ap-Zn,- A_q-Zm-hq-Zv-3.- _p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-4.- _p-Jm-cn-5.- _p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-6.- A_q-Zm-hq-Zv,- Xp¿-ap-Zn-7.- ap-kv-enw-8.- A_q-Zm-hq-Zv,- Xp¿-ap-Zn-9.- ss_lJn-10.- _p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-

1.- ap-kv-enw-2.- _pJm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-3.- A_q-Zm-hq-Zv-4.- Xp¿-ap-Zn-5.- Xp¿-ap-Zn-6.- _p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-



]Tn∏n®ncn°p∂Xv. Ah Xo¿Øpw Dt]£n®psIm≠v amXsa

ssZh]oXn IckvYam°phm≥ km[n°pIbp≈qsh∂ hnizmk

Øn\pw ùXnIhn`hßfn¬ AXym¿Øn ImWn°p∂ AanX

XzØn\pw as[y Ckvemans≥d anXXzw kvYnXnsNøp∂p. ]hm

NI≥ (k) ]d™p. "a[yaambXmWv Imcyßfn¬ DØaw.-'1

`£W]m\obßfn¬ A√mlp \ntcm[n® NneXp≠.-v aZyw,

ihw, ]∂namwkw, cIvXw, ssZh\maØne√msX Adp°s∏´Xv

XpSßnbhbmWv \njn≤amb £W]m\obßƒ. Ch D]tbm

Kn°m≥ apkvenwIƒ°v ]mSn√mØXmIp∂p. AX√mØ £y

hkvXp°fn¬ \n∂v- DØaambXv `£n°phm\mWv Jp¿B

\ns≥d I¬∏\. "a\pjytc, `qanbnep≈Xn¬ \n∂v- A\phZ

\obhpw hninjvShpambXv \nßƒ `£n®psIm≈pI.-'2

"kXyhnizmknItf \nßƒ°v \mw \¬Inb hkvXp°fn¬

\n∂v hninjvSambXv £n®psIm≈pI. A√mlpthmSv \nßƒ

\µn ImWn°pIbpw sNøpI'.3

`£W ]m\obßfn¬ hninjvSambXv D]tbmKn°phm≥

I¬]-n°p∂ Jp¿B≥ AhbpsS D]tbmKØnep≈ AanXXz

sØ hna¿in°pIbIpw sNøp∂p≠v. "\nßƒ Xn∂pIbpw IpSn

°pIbpw sNbvXpsIm≈pI. F∂m¬ Zp¿hybw sNøcpXv. Zp¿

hybw sNøp∂hsc A√mlp CjvSs∏SpIbn√.-'4

a\pjy¿ am\yambn hkvXw [cn°Wsa∂mWv Ckveman

s≥d I¬∏\. hkvXw \·X adbv-°phm\pw Ae¶mcØn\pap

≈XmWt√m. hyXykvX coXnIfn¬ AWnbmhp∂ hkvXßƒ

A√mlphns≥d A\pKlamsW∂mWv Jp¿B\ns≥d A[ym

]\w. "BZw k¥XnItf, \nßƒ°p \mw \nßfpsS \·\X

adbv°m\pXIp∂ hkvXhpw Ae¶mchkvXhpw \¬Inbncn

°p∂p. [¿a\njvTbmIp∂ hkvXamIs´ AXmWv G‰hpw

DØaw'5.

"\nßsf NqSn¬ \n∂p ImØpc£n°p∂ DSp∏pIfpw \nßƒ

At\ym\yw \SØp∂ BIaWßfn¬ \n∂v \nßsf ImØpc

£n°p∂ IhNßfpw Ah≥ \nßƒ°p \¬Inbncn°p∂p.

A]Imcw Ahs≥d A\pKlw Ah≥ \nßƒ°v \ndth

‰nØcp∂p. \nßƒ (Ah∂v) Iogvs∏Sp∂Xn\v th≠n.'1

hkvX[mcWØnse AanXXzsØbpw Al¶mcsØbpw

Ckvemw hna¿in°p∂p≠v. ]hmNI≥ (k) ]d™p. "\nßƒ

Xn∂pIbpw IpSn°pIbpw [¿aw sNøpIbpw hkvXw [cn°pI

bpw sNbvXpsIm≈pI;- AXncv Ihnbtem Al¶mctam Xo≠m

tØStØmfw.'2

hkvX[mcWØns≥d ]ca ][m\amb e£yw \·X ad

°pIbmWv. kvXoIfpsS \·Xm ]Z¿i\amWv kaqlØnse

ssewKnIIp‰IrXyßfpsS ][m\s∏´ ImcWßfnsems∂∂v

kmaqly imkvXPvR∑m≥ hn[nsbgpXnbncn°p∂ C∂v Ckv

emans≥d hkvX[mcW kºZmbØns≥d ]kIvXn h¿[n®p

hcnIbmWv. apJhpw ap≥ssIbpsamgn®v _m°n icoc`mKß

sfm∂pw Xs∂ kvXo A\y]pcpj∑mcpsS apºn¬ ]Z¿in∏n°

cpsX∂mWv Ckvemans≥d A[ym]\w. hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ ]Tn∏n

°p∂Xv ImWpI. "kXyhnizmkn\nItfmSpw AhcpsS ZrjvSn

Iƒ XmgvØphm\pw AhcpsS Kplymhbhßƒ ImØpkq£n

°phm\pw AhcpsS wKnbn¬ \n∂v ]Xy£ambsXmgn®v as‰m

∂pw shfns∏SpØmXncn°phm\pw \o ]dbpI. AhcpsS a°\

Iƒ Ip∏m-bamdpIƒ°p aosX Ah¿ XmgvØnbn´psIm≈s´'3

]hmNI≥ (k) ]d™p: "]mb]q¿Ønbmb kvXobpsS

apJhpw ap≥ssIbpsamgn®p≈ icoc`mKßsfm∂pw ]pdØpIm

Wp∂Xv icnb√.'4

am\knIhpw imcocnIhpamb D√mkØn\pXIp∂ hnt\mZ

ßƒ Ckvemw A\phZn°pIbpw Ah Hcn°epw AXncpIhn

bcpsX∂v \njvI¿jn°pIbpw sNøp∂p. ssZh-t_m[Øn¬

\n∂v a\pjysc AI‰pIbpw [m¿anIambn Ahsc A[x]Xn∏n

1.- ss_lJn-2.- Jp¿-B≥- 2: 1683.- Jp¿-B≥- 2: 1724. Jp¿-B≥- 7: 315. Jp¿-B≥- 7: 26

1. Jp¿-B≥- 16: 812.- Alv-aZv,- \km-Cu,- C_v-\p-am-P3.- Jp¿-B≥- 24: 314.- A_q-Zm-hq-Zv-



°pIb-pw sNøp∂ hnt\mZßtfm XamiItfm Ckvemw A\ph

Zn°p∂n√. F∂m¬ am\knIhpw imcocnIhpamb D√mkØn\p

XIp∂ hnt\mZßsf ]hmNI≥ (k) \ntcm[n®ncp∂ns√∂v

ImWm\mhpw. sFlnIPohnXØns≥d Hcp ]tXyIXbmbn

s°m≠mWv Jp¿B≥ hnt\mZßsf ImWp∂Xv. hnip≤Jp¿B

≥ ]dbp∂Xv ImWpI. "Cu sFlnI PohnXw hnt\mZhpw Ifn

bpa√msX as‰m∂pa√. Xo¿®bmbpw ]ctemIw Xs∂bmWv

bYm¿Y- PohnXw. Ah¿ a\ nem°nbncps∂¶n¬!'1

]hmNI≥ ]Tn∏n®p: "\nßƒ Ifn°pIbpw hnt\mZn°pI

bpw sNøpI. \nßfpsS aXØn¬ Im¿°iya\p`hs∏Sp∂Xv

Rm≥ shdp°p∂p.-'2

]hmNI≥ (k) ImbnIm`ymkßsf t]m¬kmln∏n°p

Ibpw A`ymk]IS\ßƒ°v aZo\bnse ]hmNI≥ ]≈nbn

¬ kuIcyta¿s∏SpØns°mSp°pIbpw sNbvXncp∂p.3 hnhm

lmhkcßfnepw s]cp∂mƒ Znhkßfnepw ]tXyIamb

hnt\mZßsfbpw XamiIsfbpw ]hmNI≥(k)- t]m¬kmln

∏n®ncp∂p. Ckvemw c≠v BtLmjZnhkßƒ A\phZn®ncn

°p∂Xv hnt\mZn°phm\pw kt¥mjn°phm\pamWt√m. s]cp

∂mƒ Znhkw ]hmNIk∂n[nbnencp∂v ssIsImń ]m´p]mSp

Ibmbncp∂ s]ÏpńIsf XSbm≥ ian® A_q_°dn(d)

t\mSv ]hmN≥ ]d™Xv "Ahsc hnt´°q A_q_°¿, CXv

BtLmjZnhkat√'4 F∂mbncp∂p. hnhmlØn\v ]m´p]mSm

≥ s]ÏpńIsf hn´psImSp°m\mbn kz]Xv\n Bbni(d)tbm

Sv ]hmNI≥ ]d™Xmbn D≤cn°s]Sp∂ lZokn¬5 \n∂v

Ifnbpw hnt\mZhpsa√mw Ckvemw A\phZn°p∂psh∂v hyIvX

amhp∂p.

F∂m¬ ssZham¿KØn¬ \n∂v a\pjysc sX‰n®pIfbp∂

hnt\mZßsf iIvXamb mjbn¬ Xs∂ hnip≤Jp¿B≥ hna

¿in°p∂p≠v. "bmsXmcp Adnhpan√msX ssZham¿KØn¬

\n∂v P\ßsf sX‰n®pIfbphm\pw AXns\ ]cnlmkyam°n

Øo¿°p∂Xn∂pw th≠n hnt\mZhm¿ØIƒ hne°phmßp∂

Nne¿ a\pjycpsS Iq´Ønep≠v. AØc°m¿°v A]am\Icam

b in£bmWp≈Xv.1

kZvKpWßfpw k¬kz`mhhpw Fßs\ am\hnIXsb

Zo]vXam°p∂pthm AXn∂v t\sc hn]coXamb Zp¿KpWßfpw

Zpxkz`mhhpw am\hnIXsb Xf¿ØpIbpw ss]imNnI `mhw

hf¿ØpIbpw sNøp∂p. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ Zp¿KpWßfn¬

\n∂v AI∂p \n¬°p∂Xv "XJvh'bpsS `mKw Xs∂bmWv.

Al¶mcw, Akqb, I≈w]db¬, ]cZqjWw, kzm¿Y-X,

aZy]m\w, hy`nNmcw XpSßnbhsb√mw ]nimNns≥d t]cW

bn¬ \n∂p≠mhp∂ Zp¿KpWßfmWv. Chbn¬ \n∂v kwip≤

amth≠Xv Hcp hnizmknbpsS ISabmWv. At∏mƒ amXamWv

Hcmƒ bYm¿Y- apkvenw BbnØocp∂Xv.

GXm\pw Jp¿B≥ kqIvXßfpw ]hmNI hN\ßf-pw

ImWpI:

"\o qanbn¬ Al¥tbmsS \S°cpXv. Xo¿®bmbpw \n\°v

`qansb ]nf¿°ms\m∂pamhn√. Xo¿®.-'2

"\o (Al¶mctØmsS) a\pjycpsS t\¿°v \ns≥d Ihnƒ

Xncn®pIfbcpXv. `qanbneqsS \o s]mß®w Imń \S°pIbpw

sNøcpXv. Zpc`nam\nbpw s]mß®°mc\pamb Hcmtfbpw A√m

lp CjvSs∏SpIbn√.'3

"\cIØne√tbm Al¶mcnIƒ°p≈ hmkkvYew.-'4

"Hcp AWpaWnØq°w Alw`mhw lrZbØnep≈ bmsXm

cmfpw kz¿KØn¬ ]thin°pIbn√.-'5

"kXyhnizmknItf, Hcp P\nhn`mKhpw as‰mcp P\hn`mK

sØ ]cnlkn°cpXv. Ch¿ (]cnlkn°s∏Sp∂h¿) Ahtc

°mƒ \√hcmbncpt∂°mw.-'6

1.- Jp¿-B≥- 29: 642.- ss_lJn-3.- _p-Jm-cn-4.- _p-Jm-cn-,- ap-kv-enw-5.- C_v-\p-am-P

1.- Jp¿-B≥- 31: 62. Jp¿-B≥- 17: 373. Jp¿-B≥- 31: 184. Jp¿-B≥- 39: 605. ap-kv-enw-6. Jp¿-B≥- 49: 11



"\nßƒ At\ym\yw IpØphm°v ]dbcpXv. \nßƒ ]cnlm

kt∏cpIƒ hnfn®v ]ckv]cw A]am\n°pIbpw AcpXv. kXy

hnizmkw ssIs°m≠Xn\p tijw A[m¿anIamb t]cv (hnfn

°p∂Xv) FX NoØ! h√h\pw ]ivNmØ]n°mØ]£w

AØc°m¿ Xs∂bmIp∂p AIanIƒ.-'1

"kXyhnizmknItf, DulØn¬ \n∂v an°Xpw \nßƒ shSn

bpI. Xo¿®bmbpw DulØn¬ NneXv Ip‰amIp∂p. \nßƒ

NmchrØn \SØpIbpw AcpXv. \nßfn¬ Nne¿ Nnesc∏‰n

AhcpsS A`mhØn¬ Zpjn®v ]dbpIbpw AcpXv. Xs≥d

ktlmZc≥ acn®p InS°ptºmƒ Ahs≥d amwkw `£n°p

hm≥ \nßfn¬ Bsc¶nepw CjvSs∏Sptam? F∂m¬ AXv

(ihw Xn∂p∂Xv) \nßƒ shdp°pbmWv sNøp∂Xv. A√mlp

sh \nßƒ kq£n°pI. Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlp ]ivNmØm]w

kzoIcn°p∂h\pw IcpWm\n[nbpamIp∂p.-'2

"\nßfpsS ]q¿hkapZmbßfpsS tcmKw \nßfnte°pw

\pgs™Ønbncn°p∂p. Akqbbpw hntZzjhpamWXv. AXv

apfi\w sNbvXpIfbpw; apSn apfi\w sNbvXpIfbpsa∂√

]dbp∂Xv. aXsØ apfi\w sNbvXpIfbpsa∂v.-'3

"tIm]w ss]imNnIamWv.-'4

"apkvenans\ ]gn°¬ Zp¿hrØnbpw Aht\mSv bp≤w

sNø¬ AhnizmkhpamW.-v'5

"GjWn°mc≥ kz¿KØn¬ ]thin°pIbn√.-'6

"\mep Imcyßƒ Bcnse¶nepap≠mbm¬ Ab-mƒ X\n

I]Shnizmknbmbn. Ahbn¬ Hcp ImcyamWv Hcmfnep≠m

bsX¶n¬ AsXmgnhm°p∂Xphsc Im]SyØns≥d Hcp ASbm

fw Abmfnep≠mbncn°pw. hnizkn®m¬ NXn°pI. kwkmcn®m

¬ I≈w ]dbpI, Icm¿ sNbvXm¬ h©n°pI, ]nWßnbm¬

sXdn hnfn®p]dbpI˛ChbmWm Imcyßƒ.-'7

"\ns≥d ktlmZc≥ \ns∂ hnizkn°p∂ Hcp ImcyØn¬

\o Aht\mSv Ifhp ]dbpIsb∂Xv sImSpwh©\bmWv.-'1

"Bsc¶nepw Hcp Nm¨ qan AIan®pssIhis∏SpØnbm¬

(]ctemIØv) AXv Ggp qanbn¬ \n∂psaSpØv Ahs≥d Igp

ØnenSpw.-'2

"sImSpØ Zm\w Xncn®p hmßp∂h≥ O¿Zn®Xp Xn∂p∂

\mbsbt∏msebmIp∂p.-'3

"[\nI∑msc amXw £Wn°pIbpw ZcnZ∑m¿ AhKWn°

s∏SpIbpw sNøp∂ kZybpsS £Ww hfsc tamis∏´ £

WamWv.-'4

"Bsc¶nepw kºmZn°phm≥ th≠n bmN\ \SØpIbmsW

¶n¬ Xo°´bmWv Abmƒ bmNn®p hmßp∂Xv.-'5

"h√h\pw Io¿Øn em°m°nbm¬ A√mlp Ahs\ A]Io

¿Øns∏SpØpw. h√h\pw ]pdsa ImWn°m≥ I¿aw sNbvXm¬

Ah\mKln°mØ hn[Øn¬ A√mlp Ahs\ ImWn°pw.-'6

"hn\miIcamb Ggp ]m]ßƒ \nßƒ h¿PvPn°pI. A√m

lpthmSv ]¶p tN¿°pI, amcWw sNøpI, A√mlp BZcn®

Pohs\ A\ybambn sImes∏SpØpI, ]eni Xn∂pI, A\mY

bpsS [\w Xn∂pI, tLmcbp≤w \S°ptºmƒ ]n¥ncnt™m

SpI, ]XnhXIfpw kXyhnizmkn\nIfpw Zp¿∂Ss∏s¥∂dnbm

Øhcpamb kvXoIsf∏‰n Ip‰mtcm]Ww D∂bn°pI,

ChbmWh.-'7

"A√mlp Xs≥d A\pKØn¬ \n∂v Xßƒ°p X∂n´p≈

Xn¬ ]nip°p ImWn°p∂h¿ AXh¿°v KpWIcamsW∂v

Hcn°epw hnNmcn°cpXv. A√, AXh¿°v tZmjIcamWv. Ah¿

]nip°v ImWn® [\wsIm≠v Dbn¿sØ-gpt∂¬∏ns≥d \mfn¬

AhcpsS IgpØn¬ ame Nm¿Øs∏Sp∂XmWv.-'8

1. Jp¿-B≥- 49: 112.- Jp¿-B≥- 49: 123.- Alv-aZv,- Xn¿-ap-Zn,4.- A_q-Zm-hq-Zv-5.- _p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-6.- _p-Jm-cn-,- ap-kv-enw-7.- _p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-

1.- A_q-Zm-hq-Zv-2.- _p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-3.- _p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-4.- _p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-5.- ap-kv-enw-6.- _p-Jm-cn-,- ap-kv-enw-7.- _p-Jm-cn-,- ap-kv-enw-8. Jp¿-B≥- 3: 180



"]nip°v ImWn°pIbpw ]nip°v ImWn°m≥ P\ßsf t]

cn∏n°pIbpw Xßƒ°v A√mlp Ahs≥d HuZmcyw sIm≠v

\¬Inb A\pKlw ad®psh°pIbpw sNøp∂hcmWh¿. B

\µnsI´h¿°v A]am\Icamb in£bmWv \mw Hcp°nsh

®ncn°p∂Xv.-'1

"P\ßsf ImWn°m≥ th≠n XßfpsS- kzØp°ƒ sNeh

gn°p∂hcpw A√mlphntem A¥yZn\Øntem hnizmkan√m

ØhcpamWh¿. ]nimNmWv HcmfpsS Iq´pImc\mhp∂sX¶n¬

Ah≥ FX Zpjn® Iq´pImc≥.-'2

"Akqbmep Akqbs∏Sptºmƒ Ahs≥d sISpXnbn¬ \n

∂pw (Rm≥ A√mlphnt\mSv icWw tXSp∂p).-'3

"AIaw kq£n°pI, AIaw A¥yZn\Øn¬ CcpfpIfmbn

cn°pw. ]nip°ns\bpw kq£n°pI. ImcWw ]nip°v apºp≈

hsc \in∏n®n´p≠v. ]ckv]cw cIvXw Nn¥phm\pw \njn≤am

bXv A\phZ\obam°phm\pw AXhsc t]cn∏n°pIbp≠mbn.'4

"A√mlphns≥d t]cn¬ tNmZn®n´pw sImSp°m≥ Iq´m°m

Øh\mWv P\ßfn¬ G‰hpw XcwXmWh≥.-'5

hnip≤Jp¿B\nepw ]hmNINcybnepw \njvI¿jn®ncn°p

∂ hn[nhne°pIƒ ]men®psIm≠v Pohn°ptºmƒ hyIvXnbn¬

a\pjyXzØns≥d ]q¿Wamb ]Imi\-w km[yamhp∂p. Aß

s\ Abmƒ apkvenamIp∂p. ssZhØn\v kzbwka¿∏n°pI

hgn hnaeoIcn°s∏´ hyIvXnbmWv apkvenw. CkvemanI Pohn

Xw \bn°p∂ hyIvXn IpSpw_ØnseØptºmƒ IpSpw_hpw

kaqlØnseØptºmƒ kaqlhpw cmjvSØnseØptºmƒ

cmjvShpw ]cnh¿ØnXamhp∂p. Ah bYm¿Y-amb am\hnIX

bnseØnt®cp∂p. AXmWv Ckvemw hn`mh\w sNøp∂ hn

πhw.'

IpSpw_ PohnXw

kaqlØns≥d sIm®pcq]amWv IpSpw_w. kmaqlyPohnX

Øns≥d _me]mTßƒ Hcmƒ ]Tn°p∂Xv IpSpw_Øn¬

\n∂mWv. IpSpw__‘Øns≥d ASnkvYm\w ZmºXyPohnX

amWv. a\pjykaqlØns≥d \ne\n¬∏ns≥d ASnkvYm\amb

ZmºXyPohnXsØ Hcp ssZhm\pKlambn´mWv hnip≤Jp¿

B≥ ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂Xv. "Ah≥ Xs∂bmWv sh≈Øn¬

\n∂v a\pjys\ krjvSn°pIbpw, Ahs\ cIvX_‘ap≈

h\pw hnhml_‘ap≈h\pw B°pIbpw sNbvXncn°p∂Xv.

\ns≥d c£nXmhv Ignhp≈h\mIp∂p.-'1

"A√mlp \nßƒ°v \nßfpsS Iq´Øn¬ \n∂pXs∂ CWI

sf D≠m°pIbpw \nßfpsS CWIfneqsS Ah≥ \nßƒ°v

]pX∑mscbpw ]uX∑mscbpw D≠m°nØcnIbpw, hninjvS

hkvXp°fn¬ \n∂v- Ah≥ \nßƒ°v D]Poh\w \¬IpIbpw

sNbvXncn°p∂p. F∂n´pw Ah¿ AkXyØn¬ hnizkn°p

Ibpw A√mlphns≥d A\pKlßsf \ntj[n°pIbpamtWm

sNøp∂Xv.-'2

hnhmlamWv IpSpw__\v[Øns≥d ASnØd. hnhmtl

Xcamb bmsXmcp ssewKnI_‘ßfpw Ckvemw A\phZn°p

∂n√. kZmNmcØn\v Ckvemw \¬Ip∂ ]m[m\yw hfsc hep1. Jp¿-B≥- 4: 372. Jp¿-B≥- 4: 383. Jp¿-B≥- 113: 54. ap-kv-enw-5. Alv-aZv--

]-Xn-s\-´v-

1. Jp¿-B≥- 25: 542. Jp¿-B≥- 16: 72

238


XmWv. hnhmtlXc_‘ßƒ \njn≤amsW∂ tIheamb

\nbaap≠m°nsh°pI amXa√,- ]XypX AØcw tæNvOXI

ƒ°v t]cn∏n°p∂ kIehn[ kmlNcyßfpw D∑qe\w sNøm

\mhiyamb kmaqly\nbaßƒ \n¿a-n°pI IqSn Ckvemw

sNbvXn´p≠v. kvXoIƒ XßfpsS kuµcyw ]Z¿i\hkvXphm

°cpsX∂ Ckvemans≥d I¬]\ Ahbnsem∂mWv. apJhpw

ap≥ssIbpsamgn® icoc`mKßsfm∂pw Xs∂ A\y]pcpj∑m

¿°p ap∂n¬ ]Z¿in∏n°phm≥ ]mSns√∂mWv Ckvemans≥d

A\pimk\. "]gb APvRmXImesØ kuµcy]IS\w

t]msebp≈ kuµcy]IS\w \nßƒ \SØcpXv'1 F∂ Jp¿

B\nII¬]-\sb hniZoIcn®psIm≠v ]hmNI≥ (k) ]Tn∏n

®p:- kvXobpsS apJhpw ap≥ssIbpa√msØ ]pdØpImWp∂Xv

icnb√.-'2 A«oe ]kn≤oIcWßfpw t]mkv‰dpIfpw Ne®nX

ßfpw s]Æns\ hn‰v Imim°p∂ aoUnbIfpamWv bphm°fp

sS [¿aNyp-Xn°v ImcWsa∂v kmaqlyimkvXPvR∑m¿ hn[n

sbgpXnbncn°p∂ C∂v Ckvemans≥d Cu \n¿tZiØns≥d

]kIvXn IqSpX¬ hyIvXamhpIbmWv sNøp∂Xv.

ssewKnIhnImcw a\pjyklPasX. ]kvXpX hnImcØn

s≥d ]cn]q¿Øn ]mb]q¿Ønbmb GsXmcp a\pjy\pw BK

ln°p∂XmWv. Cu am\htNmZ\sb AwKoIcn°pI amXa√,

hnhmlw sNøp∂Xv Hcp ]pWyI¿aambn ]cnNbs∏SpØpI

IqSn sNøp∂p≠v Ckvemw. _lvaNcysØ hna¿in°pIbpw

hnhmlsØ iIvXambn t]m¬kmln∏n°pIbpw sNøp∂ Ckv

emw C°mcyØn¬ kwLSnXaXßfn¬ \ns∂√mw hyXncnIv

XX ]pe¿Øp∂p. ]hmNIm\pbmbnbmb A\kv (d) ]dbp

∂Xv ImWpI:- "\_n (k) RßtfmSv hnhmlw Ign°phm≥

I¬]n°pIbpw _lvaNcya\pjvTn°p∂Xv iIvXnbmbn \ntcm

[n°pIbpw sNbvXncn°p∂p.-'3 "hnhmlw Ign°p∂tXmsS Hcm

fpsS aXØns≥d ]IpXn ]q¿Ønbmbn˛_m°n ]IpXnbn¬

Abmƒ A√mlphns\ kq£n®psIm≈s´.-'4

hnhml_‘Øn\v kuµcysØ°mfpw kºØns\°mfpw

XdhmSnØsØ°mfpsa√mw ]cnKWn°s∏tS≠Xv kZmNmc

t_m[amsW∂mWv ]hmNI≥ (k-)- ]Tn∏n®ncn°p∂Xv. "kvXo

sb km[mcWbmbn \mepImcyßfpsS ASnkvYm\ØnemWv

hnhmlw sNømdp≈Xv. AhfpsS kzØv, kuµcyw, XdhmSn

Øw, aX\njvT F∂nhbmWh. F∂m¬ aX\njvTbp≈hsc

sXcs™SpØpsIm≈pI.-'1

kZmNmct_m[ap≈ CWIƒ°v amXsa sI´pd∏p≈ Hcp

IpSpw_Øn\v cq]w \¬Im≥ km[n°q. kt¥mjØnepw kam

[m\Ønepa[njvTnXamb IpSpw__‘Øn\v kZmNmct_m[w

A\nhmcyamsW∂ hkvXpX Cs∂√mhcpw kΩXn®p Ign™n

´p≠v. ]mivNmXykwkvImcw hn`mh\w sNbvX kZmNmcclnX

amb ssewKnI_‘ßƒ C∂v B kaqlØns≥d \miØnem

Wv FØn®ncn°p∂Xv. h≥\Kcßfn¬ C∂v ]nd∂phogp∂

Ip™pßfn¬ ]IpXnbne[nIhpw Pmck¥XnIfmsW∂mWv

IW°pIƒ kqNn∏n°p∂Xv. IpSpw_ hyhkvY acW iøbn¬

InS°pIbmWhnsS2. IayqWnkv‰v cmjvSßfpsS AhkvYbpw

sX√pw t`Za√. IpSpw_hpw kZmNmchpsa√mw _q¿jzm ap≥hn

[nIƒ amXamsW∂ "am\ns^kvt‰m'bpsS XØ-zØn\pta¬

kvYm]nXamb cmjvSØn¬ kZmNmct_m[w FXtØmfap≠m

Ipsa∂v \ap°v Nn¥n®m¬ aXn. tkmhnb‰v bq\nb\nse bphm

°fne[nIhpw hnhmtlXc ssewKnI_\v[ßfnte¿s∏Sp∂h

cmsW∂pw AXn\m¬ Xs∂ AhnsS IpSpw_w XI¿∂psIm

≠ncn°pIbmsW∂pw •mkvt\mkv‰n\papºpXs∂ temIØn\v

Adnhmbncp∂p. IpSpw_Øns≥d BZcoWbX AXns≥d kºq

¿Wamb A¿Y-Øn¬ \ne\n¬°p∂Xv CkvemanI temIØv

amXamWv. AXn∂p≈ ImcWw Ckvemans≥d JfinXamb

kZmNmc\nbaßfsX.

kvXobpsS ]nXmhv ]pcpj\v Xs≥d aIsf G¬∏n®psImSp

°pIbpw ]pcpj≥ AXv Gs‰Sp°pIbpw sNøp∂ efnXamsbm

cp NSßmWv Ckvemanse hnhmlw. hnhmlmhkcØn¬ ]pcp1. Jp¿-B≥- 33: 332.- A_q-Zm-hq-Zv-3.- Alv-aZv-4.- ss_lJn-

1.- _p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-2.- (William-F-Kenkle: The Family Perspective Capter 5)

240 IpSpw_ PohnXw 241


j≥ kvXo°v hnhmlaqeyw (alvdv) \¬tI≠Xps≠∂v

Ckvemw I¬]n°p∂p. kvXobpsS ]nXmhv ]pcpj\v [\tam

at‰m \¬Ip∂ kvXo[\kºZmbhpambn Ckveman\v bmsXm

cp _‘hpan√. kvXo[\kºZmbw A\nkvemanIasX.

hnhmltØmSpIqSn \nehn¬ hcp∂ IpSpw__‘sØ

]cn]mh\hpw ]cnip≤hpamb ssZhnIZrjvSm¥ambn´mWv

Jp¿B≥ ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂Xv. "\nßƒ°v kam[m\]q¿h-w

HØptNtc≠Xn∂mbn \nßfn¬ \n∂pXs∂ \nßƒ°v CWI

sf krjvSn°pIbpw \nßƒ°nSbn¬ kvt\lhpw ImcpWyhpw

D≠m°pIbpw sNbvXXpw Ahs≥d ZrjvSm¥ßfn¬ s]´X

sX. Xo¿®bmbpw AXn¬ Nn¥n°p∂ P\ßƒ°v ZrjvSm¥

ßfp≠v.'1

`mcym˛`¿Xr_\v[sØ hfsc kpµcamb Hcp D]abneqsS

hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ hntijn∏n°p∂Xv ImWpI: "Ah¿ \nß

ƒ°pw \nßƒ Ah¿°pap≈ hkvXßfmIp∂p.-'2 CWIƒ

]ckv]cw hkvXßfmsW∂ D]a mcym˛`¿Xr_‘Øns≥d

A]mcamb km[yXIsfbp-w _m[yXIsfbpw Htckabw

tZymXn∏n°p∂XmWv. hkvXw \·X adbv-°phm\p≈XmWv;-

kuµcyØns≥d ]IS\amWv;- hyIvXnXzØns≥d ]Imi\am

Wv; imcncnI kwc£WØn\mhiyamb IhNamWv. CtXt]m

se- CWIƒ Hm-tcm-cp-Ø-cpw- as‰bmfpsS clkyw kq£n°p∂

hcmbncn°Ww. HcmfpsS hyIvXnXzØn\v A]Io¿Ønbp≠m

°p∂ ]h¿Ø\w as‰bmfpsS PohnXØn¬ D≠mbn°q-Sm. Hcm

fpsS PohnXØnse t]mcmbvaIƒ ad®psh°m\pw \nIØphm

\pw as‰bmƒ°v IgnbWw. Ah¿ F√m Imcyßfnepw ]ckv]

cw kwc£n°p∂hcmbncn°Ww.

ZmºXy PohnØnte-°v- shfn®taIp∂ GXm\pw ]hmNI

\n¿tZißƒ ImWpI.

"a\pjy\v \nt£]n®p sh°mhp∂Xn¬ G‰hpw \√Xv

F¥msW∂v \nßƒ°v Rm≥ ]d™p Xcs´tbm? \√ Hcp

`mcy˛t\m°nbm¬ kt¥mjw \¬Ip∂, I¬]-n®m¬ A\pk

cn°p∂, ¿Ømhns≥d A`mhØn¬ Abmƒ°v AhImis∏´

sX√mw kq£n°p∂ `mcy'1.

"hmcnsb√psIm≠v˛G‰hpw hf™ aosXbp≈ hmcnsb√p

sIm≠v˛BWv kvXosb krjvSn®ncn°p∂Xv. BIbm¬ AXv

\nh¿Øm≥ t]mbm¬ s]mńt°≠nhcnIsb∂Xmhpw êw.

D≈Xpt]mseØs∂ hnSpIbmsW¶n¬ hf™psImt≠bncn

°pIbpw sNøpw. AXn\m¬ kvXoItfmSv \√\nebn¬ s]cpam

dpIsb∂ Fs≥d D]tZiw \nßƒ kzoIcn®psIm≈pI.'2

"`mcy°v ¿Ømhn¬ \n∂p e`nt°≠h˛\o £n°p∂psh

¶n¬ Ahsfbpw `£n∏n°pI. \o hkvXw [cn°p∂psh¶n¬

Ahsfbpw hkvXw [cn∏n°pI-. apJØSn°pItbm sshcq]yw

hcpØpItbm sNøcpXv. hoń¬ sh®√msX ]nWßn \n¬

°pIbpacpXv.-'3

"CltemIw apgph≥ A\p`hn°m\p≈XmWv. ClØnse

G‰hpw \√ A\p`hw \√ kvXobsX.-'4

"\nßfn¬ `mcyam¿°v \√h¿ Btcm AhcmWv IqSpX¬

\√h¿.-'5

"kvXoIfpambn G‰hpw DØaamb \nebnte h¿Øn°mhq

F∂ Fs≥d D]tZiw \nßƒ kzoIcn°Ww. \nßfpambp≈

Icmdns≥d ASnkvYm\Øn¬ \nßtfmSv _\v[s∏´p \n¬°p

∂hcmWh¿. as‰mc[nImchpw AhcpsS ta¬ \nßƒ°n√.

Ah¿ hyIvXamb h√ \oNhrØnIfnepw G¿s∏s´¶ne√msX.

Aßs\ h√Xpw sNbvXm¬ \nßfhcn¬ \n∂v hn´pamdn InS°p

I. apdnhp≠m°mØ hn[w Ahsc ASn°pIbpw sNøpI. Aß

s\ \nßsf Ah¿ A\pkcn®p Ign™m¬ bmsXmcp AIaam

¿Khpw Ah¿s°Xncn¬ \nßƒ At\zjn®p-t]mIcpXv.'6

"`mcyamsc ASn°p∂h¿ am\y∑mc√.-'7

1. Jp¿-B≥- 30: 212. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 187

1. A_q-Zm-hq-Zv-2.- _p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-3.- A_q-Zm-hq-Zv-4.- ap-kv-enw-5.- Xn¿-ap-Zn-6.- Xn¿-ap-Zn-7.- A_q-Zm-hq-Zv,- C_v-\p-am-P,



"\mWant√ \nßƒ°v? ASnasb ASn°p∂Xpt]mse kz¥w

`mcysb ASn°m≥? ]ns∂, AhtfmSp tN¿∂p InS°m\pw.-'1

"`¿Ømhv X∂n¬ kwXr]vX\mbncn°p∂ AhkvYbn¬

acWs∏Sp∂ GXv kvXobpw kz¿KØn¬ ]thin°p∂XmWv.'2

"Hcp kvXosb `¿Ømhv Xs≥d saØbnte°v £Wn®n´v

sN√m≥ hnkΩXn°pIbpw A°mcWØm¬ Abmƒ B cmXn

AcnitØmsS Ignbm\nShcnIbpamsW¶n¬ ]pecpthmfw

ae°pIƒ Ahsf i]n®psIm≠ncn°pw.'3

"\nßfmcpw Xs∂ I∂pImensbt∏mse Xs≥d ]nbXasb

]m]n°cpXv. Ah¿°nSbn¬ Hcp ZqX≥ D≠mbncn°s´. Npw_

\hpw kwkmchpamWo ZqX≥.-'4

"kvXoIfpsS KpZØneqsS \nßfhcpambn _‘s∏ScpXv.'5

"]ckv]cw ASpØnS]gInb tijw mcybpsS clkyßƒ

]Ncn∏n°p∂ ]pcpj\sX ]p\cpŸm\\mfn¬ A√mlphn

s≥d ASpØv G‰hpw tamiamb AhkvYbp≈h≥.-'6

ZmºXyPohnXØn¬ ]pcpjs≥dbpw kvXobpsSbpw _m[y

XIfpw AhImißfpw hyXykvXhpw AtXmsSm∏w ]ckv]c

]qcIhpamWv. "kvXoIƒ°v _m[yXIfp≈Xpt]mse AhIm

ißfpap≠v'7 F∂mWv hnip≤Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂Xv. ]hmNI≥

]d™p: "\nßƒ°v kvXoIfn¬ Nne AhImißfp≠v. \nß

fpsS `mcyam¿°v \nßfnepw Nne AIhmißfp≠v'8. "`¿Øm

hns≥d hncn∏n¬ \n∂v amdn\n¬°mXncn°pI, At±lØns≥d

kXyw ]men°pI, I¬]\Iƒ A\pkcn°pI, A\phmZan√m

sX hoń¬ \n∂v ]pdØpt]mImXncn°pI, At±lw shdp°p

∂hsc hoń¬ ]thin∏n°mXncn°pI; CsX√mamWv `¿Øm

hnt\mSp≈ _m[yXIƒ.-'9

IpSpw_PohnXØnse _m[yXbpsS kvYnXnbpw CXpXs∂.

Krl]cn]me\hpw k¥m\kwc£Whpw kvXobpsS NpaXe

bpw Krlkwc£W-hpw PohnXmtbm[\hpw ]pcpjs≥d ISa

bpambn´mWv Ckvemw ImWp∂Xv. kvXobnse amXrXzsØ

AwKoIcn°pIbpw BZcn°pIbpw sNøp∂ Ckvemw Ahsf

t]mt‰≠ ]q¿Wamb DØchmZnØw ]pcpj\nemWv cta¬]n

®ncn°p∂Xv. "]hmNI≥ (k) ]d™p. "\nßsf√mhcpw cWm

[nImcnIfpw AhchcpsS `cWobsc°pdn®v tNmZyw sNøs∏

Sp∂hcpamWv. Aao¿ `cWm[nImcnbmWv. Hmtcm ]pcpj\pw

AbmfpsS ho´pImcn¬ cWw \StØ≠h\mWv. kvXo ¿Ør

KrlØns≥dbpw k¥XnIfpsSbpw `cWm[nImcnbmWv.

At∏mƒ \nßƒ HmtcmcpØcpw `cWm[nImcnIfpw Ahch

cpsS ]PIsf kw_\v[n® DØchmZnØap≈hcpamWv.-'1

sshhmlnIPohnXØn¬ Ifnbv°pw Xamibv°psa√mw

]hmNI≥(k) A\paXn \¬Inbn´p≠v. ]hmNI]Xv\nbmb

Bbni (d)bpambn At±lw Hmá¬kcw \SØnbXmbpw2 Hcp

]mhiyw ]hmNI\pw as‰mcn°¬ ]Xv\nbpw hnPbn®Xmbpw

lZokpIfn¬ ImWmw. FtXym]ybn¬ \n∂ph∂ A`ymknI

fpsS ]IS\ßƒ ]hmNI ]Xv\nbmb Bbni(d)sb hnfn®v

ImWn®psImSpØXmbpw3 `mcyamtcmSv Xami ]d™Xmbpap

≈ lZokpIfn¬ \n∂v ZmºXy PohnXØn¬ Ifnbpw Xamibp

sa√mw BhiyamsW∂ hkvXpX ]hmNI≥ (k) kzPohnX

ØneqsS ImWn®p X∂n´ps≠∂mWv \mw a\ nemt°≠Xv.

Kuch]q¿Wamb DØchmZnØamb sshhmlnI PohnXØn

se a\x wL¿jßfn¬ \n∂v apIvXamIphm≥ A\nhmcyamb

IfnXamiIƒ Ckvemw A\phZn°p∂ps≠∂v kmcw.

hnhmtlXcamb ssewKnI_‘ßfnte¿s∏Sp∂Xv Ckv

emw iIvXambn shdp°p∂ Hcp Im]SyamWv. hy`nNmcw tæOhr

Ønbpw ]m]hpamWv. Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂p: "\nßƒ hy`nNmc

sØ kao]n®p t]mIcpXv, Xo¿®bmbpw AsXmcp \oNhrØn

1.- ap-kv-enw,- Alv-aZv-2.- Xn¿-ap-Zn-3.- _p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-4.- Zbv-ean-5.- Alv-aZv,- Xn¿-ap-Zn,- C_v-\p-am-P6.- ap-kv-enw,- A_q-Zm-hqZv-7.- Jp¿-B≥- 2: 2288.- Xn¿-ap-Zn-9.- Xz-_v-dm-\n-

1.- _p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-2.- Alv-aZv-3.- _p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-



bpw Zpjn®am¿KhpamIp∂p.'1 Hcp ImcWhimepw ]ckvXoKa

\w ]mSns√∂v \njvI¿jn°p∂ Ckvemw GI]Xv\ohXwsIm

≠v ssewKnIZmlw ian∏n°m\mhmØ ]pcpj∑m¿°v _lp`m

cyXzw A\phZn°p∂p≠v. \mephsc `mcyamsc thƒ°p∂Xv

Ip‰Icas√∂v ]Tn∏n°p∂ Jp¿B≥ H∂ne[nIw `mcyamsc

kzoIcn°p∂h¿ AhtcmsS√mw \oXntbmsS h¿Øn°Wsa∂v

\njvI¿jn°pIbpw sNøp∂p. "A\mYIfpsS ImcyØn¬ \nß

ƒ°v \oXn ]men°m\mhpIbns√∂v \nßƒ bs∏SpIbmsW

¶n¬ (a‰p) kvXoIfn¬ \n∂v \nßƒ CjvSs∏Sp∂ ct≠m

aqt∂m \mtem t]sc hnhmlw sNbvXpsIm≈pI: F∂m¬

(Ah¿°nSbn¬) \oXn ]pe¿Øm\mhns√∂v \nßƒ `bs∏Sp

IbmsW-¶n¬ Hcphsf amXw hnhmlw Ign°pI.-'2

`mcyam¿°nSbn¬ \oXntbmsS h¿Øn°Wsa∂v hfsc iIv

Xamb `mjbn¬ Xs∂- ]hmNI≥ (k) \njvI¿jn°p∂p≠v.

"Hcp ]pcpjs≥d A[o\Xbn¬ c≠p kvXoIfp≠mhpIbpw

F∂n´v Abmƒ c≠p t]¿°panSbn¬ \oXn ]pe¿ØmXncn°p

Ibpw sNbvXm¬ Hcp`mKtØ°v sNcn™psIm≠mbncn°pw

]p\cp∞m\\mfn¬ Abmƒ hcp∂Xv'3 F∂mWv ]hmNI≥

(k) ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv.

H∂ne[nIw `mcyamsc kzoIcn®h¿°v GsX¶nepsamcp

CWtbmSv am\knIambn Xm¬]cyw tXm∂pI kzm`mhnIamWv.

F∂m¬ Cu Xm¬]cyw ]pdtØ°v ]ISamIcpsX∂pw Ah¿

XΩn¬ \oXntbmsS h¿Øn°p∂Xn\v CXv XS amIcpsX∂pw

hyIvXam°p∂ Jp¿B≥ hN\w i≤n°pI: "\nßƒ FX

Xs∂ BKln®mepw mcyam¿°nSbn¬ Xpey\oXn ]men°m≥

\nßƒs°mcn°epw km[n°pIbn√. AXn\m¬ \nßƒ (Hcmfn

te°v) ]q¿Wambn Xncn™psIm≠v a‰hsf sIńbn´Xpt]mse

hnt´°cpXv. \nßƒ (s]cpam‰w) \∂m°nØo¿°pIbpw kq£v

aX ]men°pIbpw sNøp∂]£w A√mlp Gsd s]mdp°p∂

h\pw IcpWm\n[nbpamIp∂p.-'4

_lp`mcyXzØn\v Ckvemw A\phmZw \¬InbXv Ckvemw

hna¿iIcpsS ssIbnep≈ Imcys∏´ Hcp hSnbmWv. _lp`mcy

Xzw ImSØamsW∂mWv AhcpsS hmZw. ]pcpjs≥d ssewKnI

Zmlw ian∏n°phm≥ Ah¿ \n¿tZin°p∂ am¿Kw ]ckvXoKa

\amWv. "HutZymKnIambn Hcp `mcybpw BhiyØn\v Imƒ

tKfpIfpw' F∂ kºZmbsØbmWv Ah¿ "]ptcmKa\w'

F∂p hnfn°p∂Xv. tæOamb Cu kºZmbw kvXobpsS am\w

sISpØpIbpw hnebnSn°pIbpw sNøp∂psh∂pamXa√,

H´\h[n kmaqly]iv\ßƒ°pw ssewKnItcmKßƒ°pw

\nanØamhpIbpw sNøp∂p. H∂ne[nIw kvXoIsf A[nIr

Xambn `mcyamcm°nsh®v Ahsc kwc£n°pIbpw AhcpsS

AhImißƒ A\phZn®psImSp°pIbpw sNøp∂ ]cnip≤am

b kwhn[m\sØ hna¿in°p∂h¿ ]Icw sh-°p∂Xv H∂ne[n

Iw kvXoIfpambn ssewKnI _\v[Ønte¿s∏SpIbpw Ahtcm

Sp≈ "_m[yX' At∏mƒ Xs∂ Xo¿°pIbpw sNøp∂ \nIrjvS

amb kºZmbamsW∂ hkvXpX F¥pamXw henb ]mX

Ia√!

_lp`mcyXzw hyIvXn]camb Hcp Bhiysa∂Xnep]cbm

bn kmaqlyamb Hcp A\nhmcyXbmbn amdp∂ kµ¿`ßfpap

≠v. bp≤ImeamWv AØcw kµ¿`ßfnsem∂v. bp≤Øn¬

Ht´sd ]pcpj∑m¿ sIm√s∏SpIbpw kvXo˛]pcpj A\p]mX

Øn¬ KWyamb hyXymkap≠mhpIbpamsW¶n¬ _lp`mcy

Xzw kmaqlnIamb Hcp A\nhmcyXbmbn amdp∂p. s]mXpsh

kvXo ]pcpj A\p]mXw k¥penXa√. Ccp]Xmw \q‰m≠ns≥d

Ahkm\tØmsS temIØnse kvXoIfpsS FÆw ]pcpj∑m

cptSXnt\°mƒ ]Xnt\gc tImSn A[nIap≠mhpsa∂mWv

sFIycmjvS k`bpsS IW°pIIƒ ImWn°p∂Xv. _lp

`mcyXzw Xosc A\phZn°s∏SmXncp∂m¬ ASpØ \q‰m≠n¬

temIØv ]Xnt\gc tImSn kvXoIƒ°v ¿Øm°∑mcp≠mhp

Ibns√∂v kmcw.

IpSpw__‘w kpZr--Vamhp∂Xn∂mhiyamb \nba\n¿tZ

ißƒ Ckvemw \¬Inbn´ps≠∂v \mw a\ nem°n. Cu \n¿tZ

ißƒ ]men®psIm≠p≈ PohnXw IpSpw_Øns≥d sI´pd

1.- Jp¿-B≥- 17: 322.- Jp-¿-B≥- 4: 33.- Xn¿-ap-Zn,- A_q-Zm-hq-Zv,- \km-Cu-4.- Jp¿B≥- 4: 129



∏n\pw ]iv\clnXamb ZmºXyØn\pw hgnsbmcp°p∂p. F¶n

epw hyXykvXamb ]IrXnbpw A`ncpNnIfpap≈ hyIvXnIƒ

]ckv]cw IqSnt®cptºmƒ, FX Xs∂ IcpXepw kq£vaXbp

≠mbmepw, Akzmckyßfpw ]nW°hpw kzm`mhnIamWvv.

CØcw kµ¿`ßfn¬ ZmºXy _‘w apdn™pt]mImXn

cn°phm≥ Jp¿B≥ a\ximkvX]camb aq∂v am¿§ßƒ \n¿tZ

in°p∂p. "A\pkcWt°Sv ImWn°psa∂v \nßƒ Bi¶n°p

∂ kvXoIsf \nßƒ D]tZin°pI. InS∏dIfn¬ Ahcpambn

AI∂p \n¬°pI. Ahsc ASn°pIbpw sNbvXpsIm≈pI.-'1

hmcnsb√ns≥d kz`mhamWp≈sX∂v hntijn∏n°s∏´

kvXoIfpsS kz`mhZqjyßƒ°p≈ a\ximkvX NnIn¬kbm

Wv ChnsS Jp¿B≥ hniZoIcn°p∂Xv. km[mcWKXnbn¬

`¿Ømhns≥d BXvamY-amb D]tZiw sIm≠pXs∂ kvXoI

ƒ Zpxkz`mhßfn¬ \n∂v apIvXamth≠XmWv. F∂m¬ D]tZi

ßƒ ew sNømØ Ahkcßfn¬ hfsctbsd e]m]vXn

°p km[yXbp≈ c≠masØ am¿K-w ]tbmKn°phm\mWv Jp¿

B\ns≥d A\pimk\. kz¥w ¿Ømhv Xs≥d InS∏d _ln

jvIcn°p∂Xv GsXmcp kvXosbbpw am‰n®n¥n∏n°pw.

Ahƒ°v Hcn°epw kln°m\mhØ Hcp ImcyamWXv. InS∏d

_lnjvIcWsa∂ Xohamb am\knI NnIn¬k°ptijw

A\pkcWt°Sv XpScp∂p kvXoIsf kw_\v[n®nStØmfw

sNdnb coXnbnep≈ XmU\w AXymhiyamWv. mcyamsc ASn

°p∂Xv hfsc tamiamb G¿∏mSmsW∂v ]Tn∏n® ]hmNI≥,

]t£,- A\nhmcyamb AhkcØn¬ kpµcmhbhßsf

kq£n®psIm≠v Ffnb coXnbn¬ in£n°p∂Xv \njn≤as√

∂v hyIvXam°nbn´p≠v. ASnsb Hcp imcocnI in£s∂Xnep]

cnbmbn am\knINnIn¬kbmbn´mWv KWnt°≠sX∂mWv

]hmNI hN\ßfn¬ \n∂v a\ nem°m≥ Ignbp∂Xv.

D]tZiw sImt≠m InS∏d_lnjvIcWw sImt≠m Ffnb

in£IƒsImt≠m H∂pw am‰w hcmØ ]IrXnbmWv mcy°p

≈sX¶n¬, CWIfn¬ CcphcpsSbpw ho´pIm¿ XΩn¬ Hcp

A\pcRvP\iaØn\v apXntc≠Xps≠∂mWv Jp¿B\ns≥d

I¬]\: "C\n Ah¿ (ZºXnam¿) XΩn¬ `n∂n®pt]mIpsa∂v

\nßƒ bs∏Sp∂ ]£w Ahs≥d Bƒ°mcn¬\n∂v Hcp a[y

kvYs\bpw AhfpsS Bƒ°mcn¬ \n∂v Hcp a[-ykvYs\bpw

\nßƒ \ntbmKn°pI. Ccp hn`mKhpw A\pcRvP\amWpt±in

°p∂sX¶n¬ A√mlp Ah¿°nSbn¬ tbmPn∏p≠m°p∂Xm

Wv. Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlp k¿h-PvR\pw kq£vaPvR\pam

Ip∂p.-'1

Cßs\ GXpcoXnbnse¶nepw ZmºXyPohnXsØ apdn®pIf

bmsX apt∂m´p sIm≠pt]mIphm≥ ]camh[n ]cnian°Wsa

∂mWv Ckvemans≥d A\pimk\. F∂m¬ bmsXmcp ImcWh

imepw hnhml_‘w apdn®pIfbm≥ ]mSns√∂ A]mtbmKnI

amb \nbaw Ckvemanen√. `mcym`¿Øm°∑m¿ XΩnep≈

_‘w Hcp \nebv-°pw XpS¿∂p sIm≠pt]mIm≥ km[ya√mØ

Ahkcßfn¬ ]kvXpX _‘w apdn°p∂Xv Ckvemw \ntcm

[n°p∂n√. hfsc A\nhmcyamb AhkvYbn¬ amXw A\ph

Zn® hnhmltamN\sØ kw_\v[n®v ]hmNI≥ (k) ]d™

Xn]ImcamWv: "A\phZ\obambXn¬ A√mlphn\v G‰hpa[n

Iw shdp∏p≈XmIp∂p hnhmltamN\w.-'2

hnhmltamN\Øn\v ]pcpjp\v AhImiaps≠¶n¬ AXv

Bhiys∏Sm≥ kvXo°pw AhImiaps≠∂mWv Ckvemw

]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. tamN\w sNøs∏´ kvXosb Xncns®Sp°phm≥

Ckvemw A\phZn°p∂p. Cu A\phmZw c≠p ]mhiytØ°p

amXamWv. Htc kvXosb Xs∂ c≠p]mhiyw hnhmltamN\w

sNbvXtijw Xncns®SpØv aq∂mw XhWbpw hnhmltamN\w

sNbvXm¬ ]ns∂ Xncns®Sp°m≥ ]mSns√∂mWv CkvemanI

\nbaw. hnhmlsØbpw tamN\sØbpw tIhew IfnXamiI

fm°n ImWmsX Kuch]q¿h-w kao]n°p∂Xn∂pth≠nbmWv

Ckvemw Cu \nbaap≠m°nbncn°p∂Xv. Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂p-:-

"(aS°nsbSp°m≥ A\paXnbp≈)hnhmltamN\w c≠p]mh

iyw amXamIp∂p. ]ns∂ H∂pIn¬ acymZb\pkcn®v IqsS

1. Jp¿-B≥- 4: 341. Jp¿-B≥- 4: 352. A_q-Zm-hq-Zv-



\n¿ØpItbm As√¶n¬ \√ \nebn¬ Ahsf ]ncn®b°pI

tbm BWv th≠Xv.-'1 IpSpw_ PohnXØns≥d A\pKlßfmb

k¥m\ßƒ CltemIØnse Ae¶mcßfmsW∂mWv Jp¿

B≥ ]dbp∂Xv. "kzØpw k¥m\ßfpw sFlnI PohnXØn

s≥d Ae¶mcßfmIp∂p'2sh∂v ]Tn∏n°p∂ Jp¿B≥ k¬kz

`mhnIfpw kZvhrØcpamb k¥m\ßƒ sFlnIPohnXØn\p

amXa√ ]ctemIPohnXhnPbØn\pIqSn D]bpIvXcmbn amdp

sa∂ bmYm¿Y-yw D¬t_m[n∏n°p∂p≠v. kZvhrØcmb

k¥m\ßƒ°pth≠n ]m¿Y-n®hcmbncp∂p F√m ]hmNI

∑mcpw. hnizmknIfpsS t\Xmhmbn Jp¿B≥ ]cnNbs∏SpØp

∂ C_vdmlow (A) "F\ns°mcp kZvhrØ\mb ]pXs\ ]Zm

\w sNøWta, \mYm'3 F∂v ]m¿Y-n®Xmbn ImWmw. k¬kz

`mhnIfpw kZvhrØcpa√ a°sf¶n¬ as‰mcp ùXnIhn`h

hpap≠mbncp∂n´pw bmsXmcp Imcyhpan√. amXm]nXm°sf

kvt\ln°phm\pw ]cnNcn°phm\pw kZvhrØcmb a°ƒ°p

aXta Ignbq. kº∂ ZºXnIfpsS Zp¿hrØcmb a°ƒ ]e

t∏mgpw amXm]nXm°ƒ°pw IpSpw_Øn\pw kaqlØn\psa

√mw XethZ\bmbnØocmdp≠v. "kZvhrØ\mb k¥m\sØ

\¬tIWta' F∂ C_vdmlow \_nbpsS ]m¿∞\ Hmtcm

kXyhnizmknbpsSbpw a\ n¬ \n∂v Bh¿Øn°s∏Sp∂Xn

∂p≈ ImcWw Cu Xncn®dnhmWv.

k¥m\ßfpsS uXnIhpw Bflobhpamb Imcyßƒ i≤n

t°≠Xv amXm]nXm°fpsS ISabmWv. a°ƒ°v apebqt´≠Xv

amXmhns≥d _m[yXbmWv. Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂Xv ImWpI:

"amXm°ƒ XßfpsS k¥m\ßƒ°v ]q¿Wambn c≠p sIm√w

apesImSpt°≠XmWv'5 AtXt]mseØs∂ Ip™pßƒ°pw

amXm°ƒ°pw £Whpw hkvXhpw a‰pw \¬tI≠Xv ]nXmhn

s≥d _m[yXbmsW∂mWv Ckvemw ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv.

a°tfmSv \√\nebn¬ s]cpamdWsa∂mWv ]hmNI≥ (k)

kz¥w PohnXØneqsS ]Tn∏n®ncn°p∂Xv. IpńItfmSv Ifnbpw

Xamibpambn´mbncp∂p At±lw s]cpamdnbncp∂Xv. Xs≥d

t]ca°fmb lks\bpw lpks\bpw apXpIØv Ib‰nbncp

Øn HÍhpw CSb∑mcpambn Ifn®ncp∂psh∂v Pm_n¿ (d) dn

t∏m¿´psNøp∂ Hcp lZokn¬ ImWmw.'1 IpńIsf hcnbmb-n

\n¿Øn ]hmNI≥ Hmá¬kcw \SØnbXmbpw HmSnsbØnb

Ip™pßsf At±lw Xs≥d Npaente‰nbXmbpw Npw_n®Xm

bpsa√mw2 dnt∏m¿´v sNøs∏ń´p≠vv. At±lw ]Tn∏n®Xv Cß

s\bmbncp∂p. "sNdnbhtcmSv IcpW ImWn°mØhcpw henb

htcmSv BZchv ImWn°mØhcpw \Ωn¬ s]´hc√.-'3

k¥m\ßsf kvt\ln°pIbpw _lpam\n°pIbpw sNøp

∂Xv AhcpsS hyIvXnXzhnImkØn\pw Ahcn¬ D∂Xamb

aqeyßƒ hf¿∂phcp∂Xn∂pw ImcWamIp∂p. ]hmNI≥

(k) Xs≥d ]pXn mXzna(d) IS∂phcptºmƒ Fgpt∂‰v \n∂v

kzoIcn°pIbpw IqsSbncpØn kvt\l]IS\w \SØpIbpw

sNbvXncp∂Xmbn lZokp-I-f-n¬ ImWmw. acWiøbnembncp

∂ kabØv t]mepw At±lw ]pXnsb AcnInencpØn kvt\

l]IS\ßƒ \SØnbXmbn lZokpIƒ hyIvXam°p∂p.4

k¥m\ßsf kvt\ln°p∂tXmsSm∏w Xs∂ Xn∑Ifn¬

\n∂v Ahsc XS™p\n¿tØ≠Xps≠∂pw ]hmNINcy

\sΩ ]Tn∏n°p∂p. sNdp∏Øn¬ ]hmNIt\msSm∏w £Ww

Ign®ncp∂ Xt∂mSv "heXpssIsIm≠v Xs≥d `mKØp\n∂v

`£n°pI'sb∂v kvt\ltØmSpIqSn ]hmNI≥ (k) KpWtZm

jn®ncp∂Xmbp≈ ]hmNIm\pNc∑mcnsemcmfmb Awdp_v≥

A_okeabpsS5 dnt∏m¿ń¬ \n∂v FX efnXhpw B¿Zhpam

bn´mbncp∂p AhnSp∂v- Ip™pßsf Xn∑Ifn¬ \n∂v- XS™p

\n¿Ønbncp∂sX∂v a\ nem°m≥ Ignbpw.

]hmNI ]uX\mb lk≥(d) Ipńbmbncn°ptºmƒ kIm

Øns≥d Imc°bn¬ \n∂v HscÆsaSpØv hmbnen´bpSs\

Ahs≥d hmbn¬ \n∂v AsXSpØv am‰n "sO, AXv Fdn™pI

1. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 2292. Jp¿-B≥- 18: 463. Jp¿-B≥- 37: 1004.- Jp¿-B≥- 2: 233

1.- Xz-_v-dm-\n-2.- Alv-aZv-3.- Alv-aZv-4.- _p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-5.- _p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-



fbq. \ap°v kImØv apX¬ Xn∂m≥ ]mSns√∂v \n\°dnbnt√.'1

sb∂v KpWtZmjn®Xn¬ \n∂v Ip™pßƒ sX‰psNbvXm¬

DSs\Øs∂ AXp XncptØ≠Xps≠∂ hkvXpX hyIvXamhp

∂p. ]hmNI≥(k) ]d™p: "Hcp ]nXmhn\p Xs≥d k¥Xn°v,

\√ in£WtØ°mƒ alØmb Hcp kΩm\w \¬Im≥ Ign

bpIbn√.-'2

IpńIfpsS sX‰pIƒ°v sNdnb in£ \¬Ip∂Xv ]hmNI

≥ (k) \ntcm[n®nń√. ]t£,- ]kvXpX in£Iƒ AhcpsS

A`nam\sØ £Xs∏SpØp∂tXm apdnhp≠m°p∂tXm Bbn

°qSm "Ggphb mbm¬ \nßƒ IpńIƒ°v \akvImcw ]Tn∏n

°pI. ]Øphb mbm¬ AXpt]£n®Xn\p Ahsc ASn°pI

bpw sNøpI'3 F∂ ]hmNI hN\Øn¬ \n∂v Xn∑Ifn¬

\n∂v IpńIsf apIvXam°p∂Xn∂mbn sNdnb in£Iƒ \¬Ip

∂Xns≥d ]kIvXn a\ nem°mw.

k¥m\ßtfmSv Xpey \nebn¬ s]cpamdWsa∂mWv ]hm

NI≥ (k) ]Tn∏n®ncn°p∂Xv. BÏpńItfmSv hm¬keyw

]ISn∏n°pIbpw s]Ïp™pßsf AhKWn°pIbpw

sNøp∂Xns\ ]hmNI≥ hna¿in®n´p≠v: ]hmNI≥ ]d™p:-

"Hcmƒ°v Hcp s]Ïpńbp≠mbn´v Ahsc (Ckvemw ]q¿h-

bp-KØnteXpt]mse) Ipgn®paqSmsX, \nµn°msX, BÏpń

Iƒ°v Ahtf°mƒ ap≥KW\ \¬ImsX, hf¿Ønbm¬ A√m

lp Abmsf kz¿KØn¬ ]thin∏n°p∂ Imcyw Xo¿®bmbn.'4

CjvSZm\ambn a°ƒ°v h√Xpw \¬Ip∂Xn¬ t]mepw-

XpeyX ]men°Wsa∂mWv ]hmNIs≥d A[ym]\w. Xs≥d

aI\p amXw Hcp ASnasb Zm\ambn \¬Inb A\pNct\mSv

AXv Xncn-®p hmßm≥ I¬]n® ]hmNI≥ (k) ]Tn∏n®Xv

Cßs\bmWv. : "A√mlpsh kq£n°pI. \nßfpsS

a°ƒ°nSbn¬ \oXn ]pe¿ØpIbpw sNøpI.-'5

amXm-]nXm°fpw a°fpw XΩnep≈ _‘Øn\v hfsctbsd

]m[m\yw \¬Inbn´p≈ aXamWv Ckvemw. amXm]nXm°tfmSv

\√ \nebn¬ h¿Øn°m\p≈ Jp¿B\ns≥d I¬]-\Ifne[nI

hpw kjvSmhns\ amXsa Bcm[n°phm≥ ]mSp≈qsh∂ I¬

]-\tbmSp tN¿ØmWv ]d™ncn°p∂Xv. Hcp Jp¿B\ntIm]tZ

iw t\m°pI: "\nßƒ A√mlpsh Bcm[n°pIbpw Aht\mSv

bmsXm∂ns\bpw ]¶ptN¿°mXncn°pIbpw amXm]nXm°tfmSv

\√\nebn¬ h¿Øn°pIbpw sNøpI.-'1

CXn¬ \n∂v Hcp hnizmkn, ssZhtØmSp≈ IS∏mSp Ign

™m¬, ]ns∂ G‰hpa[nIw ISs∏ńcn°p∂Xv amXm]nXm°

tfmSmsW∂v a\ nem°mw. C°mcyw Xs∂ hfsc hyIvXambn

]hmNI≥(k)- ]Tn∏n®n´p≠v. "A√mlphn\v G‰hpw ]nbs∏´

sX¥mWv' F∂ tNmZyØn\v ]hmNI≥ \¬Inb DØcw "\a

kvImcw, ]ns∂ amXm]nXm°ƒ°v \∑sNø¬, ]ns∂ A√mlp

hns≥d am¿KØnep≈ [¿a kacw'2 F∂mbncp∂p.

amXm]nXm°sf [n°cn°pIbpw AhKWn°pIbpw Ah

tcmSv A\pkcWt°Sv ImWn°pIbpw sNøp∂Xv alm]m]am

sW∂mWv ]hmNI≥ ]Tn∏n®ncn°p∂Xv. "h≥]m]ßfn¬ G‰

hpw hepXv A√mlphn¬ ]¶ptN¿°epw amXm]nXm°sf [n°

cn°epamWv.-'3

"]nXm°sf shdp°p∂Xv \µntISmWv.-'4

A√mlphnt\mSp≈ _m[yXbv-°ptijamWv amXm]nXm°

tfmSp≈ _m[yX ]cnKWn°s∏Sp∂sX∂v kqNn∏n®pht√m.

amXm]nXm°ƒ ssZhhntcm[w ]h¿Øn°phm≥ a°tfmSv

Bhiys∏´m¬ AXv A\pkcnt°≠Xns√∂v Jp¿B≥ hyIv

Xam°p∂p. F∂m¬ AhnizmknIfmb amXm]nXm°tfmSpt]m

epw uXnIhnjbßfn¬ \√\nebn¬ h¿Ønt°≠Xps≠∂

Imcyw AtXmsSm∏w Xs∂ Jp¿B≥ D¬t_m[n∏n°p∂p≠v.

"a\pjy\v Xs≥d amXm]nXm°fpsS ImcyØn¬ \mw A\pim

k\w \¬Inbncn°p∂p- £oWØn\p ta¬ £oWhpambn´mWv

1.- _p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-en-2.- Xn¿-ap-Zn-,- ss_lJn-3.- A_q-Zm-hq-Zv-4.- A_q-Zm-hq-Zv-5.- _p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-

1.- Jp-¿-B≥- 4: 362.- _p-Jm-cn-,- ap-kv-enw-3.- _p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-4.- _p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-



amXmhv Ahs\ K¿`w Npa∂p \S∂\Xv. Ahs≥d apeIpSn

am‰p∂XmIs´ c≠p h¿jw sIm≠pamWv˛Ft∂mSpw \ns≥d

amXm]nXm°tf-mSpw \o \µn ImWn°pI. Fs≥d ASptØ°m

Wv (\ns≥d) aS°w. \n\°v bmsXmcp Adnhpan√mØ h√Xns\

bpw Ft∂mSv \o ]¶ptN¿°p∂ ImcyØn¬ Ch¿ Ccphcpw

\ns≥d ta¬ \n¿_‘w sNepØp∂ ]£w Ahsc \o A\pk

cn°cpXv. CltemIØv AhtcmSv \o \√ \nebn¬ klhkn

°pIbpw, F∂nte°v aSßnbhcpsS am¿K-w \o ]n¥pScpIbpw

sNøpI.-'1

amXm]nXm°ƒ hm¿[-IymhkvYbnseØnbm¬ AhcpsS

kwc£WØns≥d ]q¿W-amb DØchmZnØw a°ƒ°mWp≈

Xv. hm¿≤IymhkvY, Hc¿Y-Øn¬ ssiihmhkvYbnte°p≈

Xncn®pt]m°mWv. Ipń]mbØnse hminbpw Ipipºpsa√mw

hm¿[-IyØnepap≠mIpw. ssiihØn¬ Xs∂ Xmtemen®v

hf¿Ønb amXm]nXm°sf hm¿[-IymhkvYbn¬ kwc£n®p

sIm≠v ISa \n¿hln°Wsa∂mWv Ckvemw A\pimkn°p∂

Xv. hr≤cmb amXm]nXm°tfmSv Ib¿°p∂Xpw NoØ hnfn°p

∂Xpsa√mw ]m]amsW∂mWv Jp¿B≥ ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. kXyhn

izmknIƒ hr≤cmb amXm]nXm°tfmSv Fßs\bmWv s]cpam

td≠sX∂v ]Tn∏n°p∂ Jp¿B≥ kqIvXw i≤n°pI: "Xs∂b

√msX \nßƒ Bcm[n°cpsX∂pw amX]nXm°ƒ°v \∑ sNø

Wsa∂pw \ns≥d c£nXmhv hn[n®ncn°p∂p. Ahcn¬ Hcmtfm

Ahcn¬ c≠pt]cpw Xs∂tbm \ns≥d ASp°¬ sh®v hm¿

[-Iyw ]m]n°pIbmsW¶n¬ AhtcmSv \o "sO' F∂p ]dbp

Itbm, AhtcmSv Ib¿°pItbm sNøcpXv. AhtcmSv \o am\y

amb hm°v ]dbpI. ImcpWytØmSpIqSn FfnabpsS NndIv

\o Ah¿ Ccph¿°pw XmgvØns°mSp°pIbpw sNøpI. Fs≥d

c£nXmth, sNdp∏Øn¬ Ch¿ Ccphcpw Fs∂ t]m‰n hf¿Øn

bXpt]mse ChtcmSv \o IcpW ImWnt°Wta F∂v \o ]dbp

Ibpw sNøpI.-'2

IpSpw__\v[Øn\v Ckvemw \¬Ip∂ ]m[m\yw hfsc

hepXmWv. "IpSpw__\v[w apdn®≥ kz¿KØn¬ ]thin°pI

bn√'1 F∂mWv ]hmNI≥ (k) ]Tn∏n®ncn°p∂Xv. sNdnb

sNdnb ]iv\ßfpsS t]cn¬ kmtlmZcy _‘w apdn°m≥

k∂≤cmhp∂ kzm`mhw hnizmknIfn¬ D≠mIphm≥ ]mSns√

∂ hkvXpXbmWv ChnsS ]hmNI≥ (k) hyIvXam°nbncn°p

∂Xv. "GXv BZ¿ihpambmWv Xm¶ƒ \ntbmKn°s∏ń´p≈Xv?

F∂ HcmfpsS tNmZyØn\v ]hmNI≥ \¬Inb Zo¿Lamb

adp]Snbn¬ "IpSpw__‘w tN¿°phm\pw'2 F∂v IqSnbp≈

Xn¬ \n∂v C°mcyØns≥d ]m[m\yw F¥pamXamsW∂v \ap

°v a\ nem°m≥ Ignbpw.

Zm\[¿aßƒ \¬Iptºmƒ ]cnKWn°s∏tS≠Xv IpSpw_

_\v[Øn¬s∏´ AKXnIfmsW∂mWv aplΩZv \_n (k) ]Tn

∏n®ncn°p∂Xv. IpSpw__\v[Øn¬ s]´hcpsS ]ńWn

ImWmsX A\ysc ImWn°phm≥ th≠n henb kw`mh\Iƒ

\¬Ip∂ kºZmbw apkvenwIƒ°v kzoIcn°phm≥ \n¿hml

an√. ImcWw ]hmNI≥(k)- ]Tn∏n®Xv C]ImcamWv:-"ZcnZ\v

Zm\w sNøptºmƒ AsXmcp Zm\amWv. F∂m¬ cIvX_‘

ap≈ B¿s°¶nepamWv AXv \¬Ip∂sX¶ntem, AXv Zm\hpw

IpSpw__\v[w ]pe¿Øepw˛c≠pw IqSnbmbncn°pw.-'3

Cßs\ k¥pjvSamb Hcp IpSpw_PohnXØn\v Bhiy

amb F√m \nba\n¿tZißfpw ]hmNI≥(k-)- ]Tn∏n®n´p≠v.

C°mcyØn¬ hnip≤ Jp¿B\pw Xncpkp∂Øpw \¬Ip∂

am¿K\n¿tZißƒ A\pkcn®p apt∂m´p t]mIp∂ IpSpw_Øn

s≥d A¥co£w kam[m\tØmSp IqSnbp≈Xmbncn°pw.

kwkvImcØns≥d ASnkvYm\Øn¬ \S°p∂ hnhmlØneq

sS \nehn¬ hcp∂ ZmºXyPohnXw AÀmZ`cnXambncn°pw.

Ip™pßsf Xmtemen®pw kXyam¿KØnte°v B\bn®pw

sIm≠v IcpØps‰mcp Xeapdsb hm¿sØSp°pIbmWv Ah¿

sNøp∂Xv. amXmhns≥d aSnbn¬ \n∂v kwkvImchpw ]nXmhn

s≥d PohnXØn¬ \n∂v aqeyßfpw ]Tn®psIm≠v hfcp∂h¿

1.- Jp¿-B≥- 31: 14,- 152.- Jp¿-B≥- 17: 23,- 24

1.- _p-Jm-cn-,- apkv-enw-2.- ap-kv-enw-3.- Alv-aZv,- Xn¿-ap-Zn,- C_v-\p-am-P



IpSpw_Øn\pw kaqlØn\pw th≠s∏´hcmbnØocp∂p.

Ah¿ hm¿[-IymhkvYbn¬ amXm]nXm°sf ]cnNcn°pIbpw

AhtcmSv kvt\ltØmSp IqSn h¿Øn°pIbpw sNøp∂p.

Ah¿ ktlmZcßsf BZcn°pIbpw Ahcpambn kvt\lØn

¬ Pohn°pIbpw sNøp∂p; Ah¿ IpSpw__\v[w ]pe¿ØpI

bpw IpSpw_°msc klmbn°pIbpw sNøp∂p. AXmWv Ckv

emanI IpSpw_Øns≥d NnXw.

apkvenw kaqlw

hyIvXnIfpsS Iq´mbvabmWv kaqlw. GsX¶nepw s]mXphm

b ]tXyIXIfmWv kaqlØns≥d \ne\n¬∏ns≥d ASnkv

Ym\]camb B[mcw. CXv tZitam mjtbm h¿K-tam h¿Wtam

BImw. Cu B[mcßfmWv AhbpsS t]cn¬ \ne\n¬°p∂

kaqlØnse hyIvXnIsf IqńbnW°p∂Xv. CkvemanIkaq

lØnemIs´, hyIvXnIsf DZvKYn∏n°p∂Xv _mlyamb

Fs¥¶nepw khntijXIf√. ]XypX BZ¿iasX. GI\m

b kjvSmhnep≈ hnizmkamWv AhcpsS sFIyØns≥d

B[mcw. kjvSmhn\p amXw ka¿∏n°p∂ Bcm[\bmWv Ah

cpsS lrZbßsf IqńbnW°p∂Xv. A¥y]hmNIs≥d Pohn

XNcysb A\p[mh\w sNøp∂XneqsSbmWv AhcpsS I¿a-

ßƒ°pw kz`mhßƒ°pw sFIcp]yw ssIhcp∂Xv. Ahcn¬

IdpØ-h\pw shfpØh\pap≠mImw; apXemfnbpw sXmgnem

fnbpap≠mhmw. Ah¿W-\pw kh¿W-\pap≠mImw; hyXykvX

tZi°mcpw `mj°mcpap≠mImw. ]t£, AhcpsS BZ¿iw

H∂mWv, AhcpsS kmjvSmwKw Htcsbmcp iIvXn°papºnemWv,

AhcpsS I¿aßƒ Htcsbmcp e£yØn\p th≠nbp≈XmWv.

BZ¿iamWv Ahsc- sFIys∏SpØp∂ iIvXnsb∂¿Y-w.

a\pjycpsS tamN\Øn\p th≠n ]]©kjvSmhv Ah

Xcn∏n® Z¿i\amWv Ckvemw. Iptd hnizmkßfpw I¿a-ßfpw

\nbaßfpw hn[nhne°pIfpamWXns≥d D≈S°w. Ch kzoI

]-sØm-º-Xv-

256


cn® hyIvXnbmWv apkvenw, AYhm CkvemanIkaqlØnse

AwKw. apkvenw amXm]nXm°∑mcpsS k¥Xnbmbn ]nd∂psh

∂XpsIm≠pamXw Hcmƒ CkvemanI kaqlØnse AwKamhp

∂n√. ssZhnI hn[nhne°pIƒ ]men®p Pohn°phm≥ Ah≥

Xb-mdmbm¬ CkvemanI kaqlØnepw Xb-mds√¶n¬

kaqlØn\p ]pdØpamWv Ahs≥d kvYm\w. AXpt]mseØ

s∂ Aapkvenw amXm]nXm°fpsS k¥Xnbmbn ]nd∂bmƒ

ssZhnIhn[nhne°pIƒ ]men®p Pohn°phm≥ Xbmdmbm¬

CkvemanIkaqlØnse AwKambn amdp∂p. P∑w sIm≠pam

Xw tam£Øn\p AbnØw I¬∏n°p∂ kºZmbw Ckveman

\v Xo¿Øpw A]cnNnXamWv.

ASnkvYm\]cambn kmtlmZcyØn¬ A[njvTnXamWv Ckv

emanI kaqlw. a\pjysc√mw Htc amXm]nXm°fpsS a°fpw

AXpsIm≠pXs∂ hnimeamb A¿Y-Øn¬ F√mhcpw

ktlmZcßfpamsW∂mWv Jp¿B\ns≥d A[ym]\w. A√m

lp ]dbp∂Xv t\m°pI-: "tl, a\pjytc... Xo¿®bmbpw \nß

sf \mw Hcp BWn¬ \n∂pw s]Æn¬\n∂pambn krjvSn®ncn°p

∂p. \nßƒ At\ym\yw Adntb≠Xn∂v \nßsf \mw hnhn[

kapZmbßfpw tKmXßfpam°pIbpw sNbvXncn°p∂p. Xo¿®

bmbpw A√mlphns≥d ASpØv \nßfn¬ G‰hpw BZcWob≥

\nßfn¬ G‰hpw [¿Ω\njvT ]men°p∂h\mIp∂p'1.

]hmNI≥ (k) ]d-™-p: "\nivNbambpw \nßfpsS ssZhw

H∂v. \nßfpsSsb√mw ]nXmhpw Hcmƒ Xs∂. F√mhcpw

BZan¬ \n∂p≈XmWv. BZtam aÆn¬ \n∂pw'2.

a\pjy¿ BXy¥nIambn ktlmZcßfmsW¶nepw A\p

`hXeØn¬ Ah¿ hyXykvX hn`mKßfmbn ]ckv]cw Ieln

°p∂XmbmWv ImWm≥ Ignbp∂Xv. tZiobXbpsSbpw hwiob

XbpsSbpw h¿K-obXbpsSbpw PmXobXbpsSbpw h¿W-shdn

bpsSbpw hnImcßƒ a\pjysc n∂n∏n°pIbpw am\knIhpw

ImbnIhpamb Iem]ßƒ°v tlXphmIpIbpw sNøp∂p. P∑

Øns≥d t]cn¬ a\pjy¿ \n¿a-ns®SpØ Ipsd k¶pNnXXzß

fmWv Cu n∂n∏ns≥d ASnØd. ]kvXpX k¶pNnXXzßƒ°v

ssk≤m¥nIamb ASnkvYm\w \¬Ip∂Xn∂v a\pjy≥ ]S®

ssZhßƒ Iq´p\n¬°pIbpw sNøp∂p. `mcXØns≥d im]w

F∂p hntijn∏n°s∏Sp∂ h¿W-miahyhkvYbpsS ASnØd

kvYnXnsNøp∂Xv thZØn¬ ImWp∂ ssZhk¶¬]Øn

emWt√m. _lvamhns≥d inc n¬ \n∂p P\n®h≥ DØa\pw

]mZØn¬ \n∂p ]nd∂h≥ A[a\pambn amdnbXv kzm`mhn

Iambncp∂p. Cu kzm`mhnIXbpsS ImcWw sshZnI ssZhk

¶¬]Ønse A_≤ßfmbncp∂psh∂v ImWm\mhpw.

a\pjysc k¶pNnXXzßfn¬ \n∂v apIvXcm°phm≥ GI

ssZhhnimkØn∂mIpsa∂ hkvXpX uXnIhmZnIƒ t]mepw

kΩXn°p∂XmWv. Ieln®p Ign™ncp∂ ]mIrX a\pjysc

sFIys∏SpØnbXv GIssZhhnizmkamsW∂ hkvXpX

ùXnIhmZho£WØneqsS NcnX hymJym\w \n¿h-ln®

tKm¿U≥ ssN¬Uv kΩXn°p∂p≠v. At±lw FgpXp∂Xv

ImWpI: "Ahkm\ambn GIssZhw Ct∏mƒ F√mhcpsSbpw

kjvSmhmbXn\m¬ am\hcmin kvYnXnIamb Hscm‰ kapZm

bamWv. Xs≥d kz¥w tKmX ktlmZct\mtSm kl]uc∑m

tcmtSm amXa√, F√m a\pjytcmSpas√¶n¬ NpcpßnbXv

hnizmknIfptSXmb kapZmbØn¬s∏Sp∂ F√mhtcmSpw hwi

tam cmjvSob Iqtdm t\m°msX \oXntbmSpw kXyk‘Xtbm

Spw ZbtbmSpw IqSn s]cpamdphm≥ ssZh`bap≈ k∑m¿K-\ncX

amb GsXmcmƒ°pw Ct∏mƒ _m[yXbp≠v'.-1

a\pjysc√mw GI\mb ssZhØns≥d krjvSnIfpw Ah

s≥d kwc£WØn¬ Ignbp∂hcpamsW∂mWv Ckvemw ]Tn

∏n°p∂Xv. D∂Xs\-∂pw A[as\∂pw kaqlw hn[n°p∂h¿

apgph≥ krjvSn°s∏ń´p≈Xv Hscm‰ ]Zm¿∞Øn¬ \n∂mWv

IfnaÆns≥d kØbn¬ \n∂v. am\hcminbpsS apgph≥

D¬∏Øn Hscm‰ amXm]nXm°fn¬ \n∂mWv˛BZan¬ \n∂pw

l∆bn¬ \n∂pw. AhcpsS a°fmWv˛ ktlmZcßfmWv

˛a\pjysc√mw. a\pjy≥ krjvSn® D®\oNXzßƒ°v a\pjy

sc krjvSn® GIssZhØn¶¬ bmsXmcp kvYm\hpan√.1.- Jp¿-B≥- 49: 132.- ap-kv-enw-,- A_q-Zm-hq-Zv- 1. Gorden Child: What Happened In History Page 248

258 apkvenw kaqlw 259


CXmWv Ckvemans≥d kmtlmZcyhn`mh\. Cu hn`mh\ a\p

jysc H∂n∏n°p∂p. shfpØ, kpµc∑mcmb, BdSntbmfw

s]m°hpw \o≠ aq°pw s\‰nØShpap≈ Bcy∑mcmWv bYm¿

Y- a\pjysc∂pw, IdpØ hncq]nIfmb Gjy°m¿ ]cnWma

L´Ønse GtXm ]q¿hXeapdtbm AXs√¶n¬ bYm¿Y-

a\pjycpw Ipcßp-Ifpw XΩn¬ CW tN¿∂p≠mbhtcm B

sW-∂pw ln‰vedpsS BkvYm\ imkvXPvR∑mscs°m≠v

]dbn∏n® ]cnWmahmZamWv a\pjysc√mw Htc amXm]nXm°

fpsS a°fmsW∂ CkvemanI krjvSnkn≤m¥Øns≥d ]Icw

sh°phm\mbn ùXnIhmZnIfpsS ssIhiap≈Xv.

NcmNcßsf apgph≥ ]S°pIbpw ]cn]men°pIbpw sNøp

∂ Hcp ssZhaps≠∂ tIhe hnizmkØn\v a\pjya\ pI

fn¬ Imcyamb kzm[o\sam∂pw sNepØm≥ Ignbn√. kjvSm

hn∂p ap∂n¬ amXta Xm≥ Xe Ip\n°pIbp≈qsh∂ ZrVam

b ]XnPvRbneqsSbmWv ]mtbmKnIamb XeØn¬ kmtlmZ

cyw bmYm¿Y-yamhp∂Xv. ]kvXpX ]XnPvR°p ap∂n¬ a\p

jysc n∂n∏n°pIbpw Bflobambn ASnaIfm°nsh°pIbpw

sNøp∂ kIe I≈ssZhßfpw ihIpSocßfpw ]utcmlnXy

hpsa√mw XI¿∂phogp∂p. GIssZhØn\p amXw sNøp∂

Bcm[\ a\pjysc H∂n∏n°p∂p. GIssZhØn\p≈ kmjv

SmwKØn\p ap∂n¬ a\pjy\n¿anX k¶pNnXXzßsf√mw s]mń

ØIcp∂p. hnizmkØneq∂nb I¿a-ßfmWv a\pjysc DØa

cm°p∂sX∂ [mcW hfcptºmƒ P∑mhImiambn°nńb

"Xe°\'ßsf√mw Xcn∏Wamhp∂p. Htcsbmcp ssZhw amXw˛

Ahs≥d krjvSnIfmb Hscm‰ P\Xbpw. AhnsS ]W°mc\pw

]Wn°mc\pan√; kztZinbpw hntZinbpan√; kh¿W\pw Ah¿

W\pan√; Xdhm´pImc\pw Xmgv∂h\pan√; apXemfnbpw sXmgn

emfnbpan√. F√mhcpw GIssZhØns≥d Zmk∑m¿; Ah∂p

apºn¬ amXw \an°p∂h¿.

XmXznIambn a\pjysc√mw ktlmZcßfmsW¶nepw Cu

kmtlmZcyw ]mtbmKnI XeØnte°p hcp∂Xv GIssZhmcm

[\bneqsSbmWv. GI\mb kjvSmhns\ amXw Bcm[n°p∂

XneqsS kXyhnizmknIfpsS KWØnse AwKambn amdp∂bm

ƒ kzm`mhnIambpw a‰p apkvenwIfpsS ktlmZc\mbn amdp∂p.

hnizmkØnepw I¿aßfnepw kz`mhßfnepsa√mw Cu

kmtlmZcyw ]ISamhp∂p. hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂Xv ImWp

I: "kXyhnizmknIƒ (]ckv]cw) ktlmZcßƒ Xs∂bm

Ip∂p'1.

Cu kmtlmZcyambncp∂p ]hmNIs≥d kaqlØn¬ \ne

\n∂ncp∂Xv. B kaqlØn¬ Ad_nbmb A_q_°dpw

A\d_nbmb k¬am\pap≠mbncp∂p; DSabmb Dadpw ASnabm

b _nemepap≠mbncp∂p; ]W°mc\mb Dkvam\pw ]Wn°mc

\mb bmkndpap≠mbncp∂p; shfpØh\mb Aenbpw IdpØh

\mb sskZpap≠mbncp∂p. F√mhcpw ka∑m¿. Ah¿ ]ckv]

cw a¬kcn®Xv XßfpsS Du°v ImWn°phmt\m Hu∂Xyw

]ISam°phmt\m th≠nbmbncp∂n√. ]XypX, IqSpX¬ IqSp

X¬ [¿a\njvTcmIphm\pw Aßs\ ssZhØm¬ BZcn°s∏

Sp∂hcn¬ ]apJkvYm\w e`n°p∂Xn∂pw th≠nbmbncp∂p.

kXyhnizmknIƒ XΩn¬ \ne\n¬°p∂ kmtlmZcysØ

°pdn®v ]hmNI≥ ]Tn∏n°p∂Xp ImWpI: "apkvenw apkvenan

s≥d ktlmZc\mWv. Ah≥ Ahs\ AIan°pIbn√; \n lm

bmhkvYbn¬ hnSpIbn√; \nµn°bn√'2.

"Hcp sIńSØns≥d hnhn[ `mKßƒ ]ckv]cw _ew

sImSp°p∂Xpt]msebmWv Hcp kXyhnizmkn as‰mcp

kXyhnizmkn°v'3.

"Hcp kXyhnizmkn as‰mcp kXyhnizmknbpsS IÆmSnbm

Wv; Hcp kXyhnizmkn as‰mcp kXyhnizmknbpsS ktlmZc\m

Wv. ktlmZc\v \mi\jvSßƒ hcp∂Xv Ah≥ XS™p \n¿

Øpw. ]n∂n¬ IqSn Ahs\ kwc£n°pIbpw sNøpw'4.

"kXyhnizmknIƒ Hscm‰ a\pjys\t∏msebmIp∂p.

IÆns≥d BhemXn AbmfpsS apgph≥ BhemXnbmWv. inc

ns≥d BhemXn AbmfpsS apgph≥ BhemXnbmWv'.5

1.- Jp-¿-B≥- 49: 102.- ap-kv-enw-3.- _p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-4.- A_q-Zm-hq-Zv-5.- ap-kv-enw-



CkvemanIkaqlamIp∂ icocØns≥d Hmtcm Ahbhß

fmIp∂p Hmtcm kXyhnizmknbpsa∂mWv ]hmNI≥ (k)-

]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. icocØns≥d Hcp AhbhØn\p≠mhp∂

]bmkßƒ F¥pamXw icocsØbmIam\w £oWn∏n°ptam

AXpt]mse Hcp kXyhnizmknbpsS ]bmkßƒ a‰p≈h¿°v

IqSnbp≈ ]bmkambn A\p`hs∏SpIbpw AXp ZqcoIcn°p

hm≥ H∂mbn ]cnian°pIbpw thWsa∂ DZmØamb Bib

amWv ]hmNI≥ ChnsS ]ISn∏n°p∂Xv. kXyhnizmknIƒ

XΩn¬ D≠mbncnt°≠ klIcWØns≥d Bgw a\ nem°p

hm\pXIp∂ ]hmNI hN\w i≤n°pI: "Fs≥d Poh≥ Bcp

sS IønemtWm Ah\mWv kXyw, X\n°njvSs∏Sp∂Xv Xs≥d

ktlmZc\pw CjvSs∏Sp∂Xphsc Hcmfpw kXyhnizmknbmhp

Ibn√.-'1

Hcp kXyhnizmknsb A\ycpsS AIaØn¬ \n∂v c£n°p

I amXa√, Ah≥ AIanbmIp∂Xp XSbpI IqSn sNtø≠Xv

a‰p hnizmknIfpsS ISabmWv. aplΩZv \_n (k) ]d™p:

"\ns≥d ktlmZc≥ AIanbmbmepw AIaØn∂ncbmbmepw

\o Ahs\ klmbn°pI'. CXptI´ Hcmƒ tNmZn®p: "ssZhZq

Xsc, AIaØn\ncbmIptºmƒ Ahs\ klmbn°m≥ F\n

°dnbmw. F∂m¬ AIanbmbm¬ Fßs\bmWv Rm\hs\

klmbn°pI? \_n (k) ]XnhNn®p: "AIaØn¬ \n∂v \o

Ahs\ XSbWw. Aßs\bmWv \o Ahs\ klmbn

t°≠Xv'.2

hnizmknIƒ XΩn¬ \ne\n¬t°≠ ]ckv]ckvt\lsØ

°pdn®pw ]hmNI≥(k) ]Tn∏n®n´p≠v. Cu kvt\lw ssZh

]oXn Imw£n®psIm≠msW¶n¬ AXp kz¿K-]thiØn\p

\nanØamIpsa∂pw ]hmNI≥ ]Tn∏n°p∂p. "Bsc¶nepw

A√mlphn∂p th≠n kvt\ln°pIbpw A√mlphn∂p th≠n

shdp°pIbpw A√mlphn∂pth≠n \¬IpIbpw

A√mlphn∂pth≠n XSbpIbpw sNbvXm¬ Ah≥ hnizmkw

]q¿Ønbm°n'3.

"aq∂v Imcyßƒ Hcmfnep≠mbm¬ Ah≥ hnizmkØns≥d

am[pcya\p`hn®p. as‰√m‰nepap]cn A√mlphpw Ahs≥d ZqX

\pw Ah∂v ]nbs∏´hcmhpI; Hcmsf A√mlphn∂v th≠nam

Xw kvt\ln°pI; AhnizmkØn¬ \n∂v A√mlp tamNnX\m

°nb tijw ho≠pw AXnte°p aSßp∂Xv \cIØnsednb

s∏Sp∂Xp t]mse shdp°pI'.1

"A√mlp ]d™ncn°p∂p: Fs≥d t]cn¬ ]ckv]cw kvt\

ln°p∂h¿°v ]ImiØns≥d ]oTßfp≠mbncn°pw. ]hmN

I∑mcpw cIvXkm£nIfpw Ahsc s]mXnbp∂XmWv'.2

BZ¿iØns≥d ASnkvYm\Øn¬ ]ckv]cw kvt\ln°p∂

hnizmknIfpsS a\ pIfn¬ sFIyØns≥dbpw kmtlmZcy

Øns≥dbpw hnImcßsf Zo]vXam°p∂XmWv Ah¿ ]ckv]cw

sNøp∂ A`nhmZ\w. kXyhnizmknIƒ sNøp∂ A`nhmZyw

Hcp NSsß∂Xnep]cnbmbn Hcp ]m¿Y-\bmWv. Xs≥d

ktlmZc\pth≠n ssZhtØmSp sNøp∂ Bflm¿Y-amb ]m¿-

Y-\. "A√mlphns≥d ImcpWyhpw kam[m\hpw Xm¶ƒ°p

ta¬ D≠mIs´'sb∂ A`nhmZy ]Xy`nhmZyßƒ ssZham¿K

Øn¬ ]ckv]cw kvt\ln°p∂Xn∂p≈ A`nhmRvO hf¿Øp

Ibpw ]kvXpX kvt\lw cq-Vaqeam°pIbpw sNøp∂p. ]hm

NI≥ (k) ]d™p: "Fs≥d BXvamhv BcpsS IønemtWm

Ah≥ Xs∂bmWv kXyw! \nßƒ hnizmknIfmIpthmfw

kz¿K-Øn¬ ]thin°pIbn√; ]ckv]cw kvt\ln°pthmfw

\nßƒ hnizmknIfmhpIbn√: \nßƒ°v At\ym\yw kvt\

ln°m≥ ]‰p∂ Hcp Imcyw Rm≥ Adnbn°s´? \nßƒ

\nßƒ°nSbn¬ "kemw' ]Ncn∏n°pI'.3

apkvenw kaqlØnse AwKßƒ XΩnep≈ _m[yXIsf

t∏mseØs∂ hfsc ][m\s∏´Xmbn ]hmNI≥(k) ]Tn∏n®

_m[yXbmWv Ab¬hmknIƒ XΩnep≈ _m[yX. "\nßfpsS

Ab¬hmknItfmSv \nßƒ \√ \nebn¬ h¿Øn°pI'4sb∂

Jp¿B\nI I¬]-\ A\pkcn°p∂ hnizmkn Fßs\bmWv

1.- _p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-2.- _p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-3.- A_q-Zm-hq-Zv-

1.- _p-Jm-cn-,- ap-kv-enw-2.- Xn-¿-ap-Zn-3.- ap-kv-enw-4.- Jp-¿-B≥- 4: 36



Ab¬°mct\mSv s]cpamtd≠sX∂v ]hmNI≥ kz¥w PohnX

ØneqsS ImWn®pXcp∂p≠v. Ab¬°m¿ XΩnep≈ Akzmc

kyßƒ kmaqly ]iv\ßfmbnØocptºmƒ ]hmNIs≥d

D]tZi \n¿tZißƒ F¥pamXw AaqeyßfmsW∂v \ap°v

t_m[yamhpw.

]hmNI≥(k) ]d™p: "Ab¬hmknbpsS ImcyØn¬

Pn_vco¬ Fs∂ D]tZin®psImt≠bncp∂p. Ahkm\w Ab

¬hmkn°v kzØn¬ A\¥cmhImiw \nivNbn°ptam F∂p

t]mepw F\n°v tXm∂nt∏mbn'.1

"B¿ A√mlphnepw A¥yZn\Ønepw hnizkn°p∂pthm

Ah¿ XßfpsS Ab¬°mtcmSv \√ \nebn¬ h¿Øn°s´'2

"BcpsS ieyØn¬ \n∂mtWm Xs≥d Ab¬hmkn kpc

£nX\mImØXv Ah≥ hnizmknbmhpIbn√.'3

"Ab¬hmkn ]ńWnInS°ptºmƒ hbdp \nd®pÆp∂h\√

kXyhnizkn'.4

"\o Idn ]mIw sNbvXm¬ A¬]w sh≈w tN¿Øv A[nIcn

∏n®ns´¶nepw \o Ab¬hmknsb ]cnKWn°pI'5.

"\o \√ hyIvXnbmsW∂v \ns≥d Ab¬hmknIƒ ]dbp∂

Xv tI´m¬ \o \√bmfmsW∂v a\ nem°ns°m≈pI. \o

NoØbmfmsW∂v \ns≥d Ab¬hmknIƒ ]dbp∂Xv tI´m¬

\o NoØbmfmsW∂v a\ nem°ns°m≈pI'.6

apkvenwIƒ ]ckv]cw ktlmZcßfmsW∂v ]d™pht√m.

]s£, bmsXmcp coXnbnepap≈ h¿§obX Ckvemw AwKoIcn

°p\n√. kzktlmZcs\ \ymbamb am¿KØn¬ ]n¥pW°pI

bpw klmbn°pIbpw sNøp∂Xv h¿§obXbs√∂mWv Ckvem

ans≥d ImgvN∏mSv. kz¥°mc\mbn F∂ ImcWØm¬ Ah≥

sNøp∂ A\oXnIƒ°pw A\ymbßƒ°pw Iq´p \n¬°p∂Xm

Wv CkvemanI ho£WØn¬ h¿§obX. "ssZhZqXtc F¥m

Wv h¿§obX?' F∂ A\pNcs≥d tNmZyØn\v ]hmNI≥

(k) \¬Inb adp]Sn "kz¥w BfpIsf A\ymbØn¬ ]n¥p

W°¬'1 F∂mbncp∂p. h¿§obhmZnIƒ°v Ckveman¬ bmsXm

cp kvYm\hpans√∂ hkvXpX ]hmNI≥ (k) ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv

ImWpI: "hn`mKobXbnte°v £Wn®h≥ \Ωn¬ s]´h\√;

hn`mKobXbpsS t]cn¬ bp≤Ønte¿s∏´h≥ \Ωn¬

s]´h\√; hn`mKobXbpsS t]cn¬ acn®h\pw \Ωn¬ s]´

h\√'.2

CkvemanIkaqlØn¬ apXemfnbpw sXmgnemfnbpap≠mhp

I kzm`mhnIamWv. kºq¿Æamb kmºØnIkaXzsa∂ Dt´m

]y≥ Nn¥mKXnsbm∂pw Ckvemw hn`mh\w sNøp∂n√. AtX

kabw hyIvXnbpsS kmºØnIt\ámbncn°Ww auenIamb

e£ysa∂ hmZsØbpw Ckvemw \ncmIcn°p∂p. AYhm tkm

jyenkhpw Iym∏n‰enkhpw CkvemanI hrØØn\p ]pdØm

Wv. Ch c≠pw ]mtbmKnIambn ]cmPbØn¬ Iemin®ncn°p

∂ C∂v CkvemanI kmºØnIhyhkvYbpsS ]kIvXn IqSp

X¬ hyIvXamhpIbmWv sNbvXncn°p∂Xv.

`qanbnse A\pKlßƒ a\pjy\p th≠n krjvSn°s∏

ń´p≈XmWv. A√mlphns≥d A\pKlßƒ tXSns°m≠v qan

bn¬ hym]cn°phm≥ Jp¿B≥ a\pjytcmSmhiys∏Sp∂p.

]IrXn hn`hßsf D]tbmKn°phm\pw ssZhnIm\pKlßsf

tXSphm\pap≈ AhImiw F√m a\pjycptSXpamWv. GsX¶n

epw Hcp hn`mKØn\p amXw ]]©Ønse hkvXp°ƒ Bkz

Zn°phm\pap≈ AhImiw Ckvemw \¬Ip∂n√. ]IrXnsb

D]tbmKn°phm\p≈ Hmtcm a\pjycpsSbpw AhImisØ

\ntj[n°phm\p≈ A[nImchpw B¿°pan√. A[zm\n°phm

\pw [\w kºmZn°phm\pap≈ AhImiw F√mh¿°pw Xpey

amWv. kºmZn°phm\p≈ AhImiw a‰p hyIvXnItftbm kaq

ltØtbm NqjWw sNøphm\p≈ A[nImcw B¿°pw \¬Ip

∂n√. AXpt]mseØs∂ ]IrXn hn`hßsf D]tbmKn®p

sIm≠v D¬∏mZ\w \SØptºmƒ Ch ssZhØns≥d Zm\amsW

1.- _p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-2.- ap-kv-enw-3.- _p-Jm-cn-,- ap-kv-enw-4.- Xz-_v-dm-\n-5.- ap-kv-enw-6.- C_v-\p-am-P

1.- A_q-Zm-hq-Zv-2.- A_q-Zm-hq-Zv-



∂pw Xßƒ°v CjvSap≈ coXnbnse√mw NqjWw sNømsa∂

hnNmcw sX‰msW∂pap≈ t_m[w a\pjy\p≠mhWw.

AXn√mØXp sIm≠mWv "]ptcmKXn'bpsS elcnbpambn hyh

kmbhXvIcWØnte¿s∏ńcn°p∂h¿, hyhkmbnImhinjvS

ßƒ ]pdwX≈m\mbn G‰hpw emÌcamb coXn kzoIcn°p

∂Xpw AXn\m¬ kkyßfpsSbpw P¥p°fpsSbpw a\pjy

s≥d Xs∂bpw \ne\n¬∏ns\ amcIambn _m[n°p∂ ]cnkvYn

Xn]iv\ßfp≠mhp∂Xpw.

]camh[n D¬]-mZn∏n°Wsa∂v Ckvemw \njvI¿jn°p∂p.

D¬]-mZn∏n°phm\pw kºmZn°phm\pap≈ AhImiw Hmtcm

hyIvXn°pap≠v. Fßs\bpw kºmZn°phm≥ Ckvemw A\ph

Zn°p∂n√. [m¿a-nI\nbaßƒ ]men®p sIm≠mbncn°Ww

hyIvXnIƒ kºmZnt°≠sX∂v \njvI¿jn°p∂ Ckvemw Cu

cwKØv ]ment°≠ \nbaßƒ Fs¥ms°bmsW∂v ]Tn∏n®n

´p≠v. I®hSØneqsSbpw IrjnbneqsSbpw A[zm\ØneqsS

bpw kºmZn°phm≥ AhImiw \¬Ip∂ Ckvemw Cu cwKß

fnsem∂pw Xs∂ Ifhpw h©\bpw NqjWhpap≠mhcpsX∂p

hyIvXambn \njvI¿jn°p∂p. Cu [m¿anI \nbaßƒ ]men

®psIm≠v hyIvXn t\Sp∂ kºmZyw Aht≥dXp Xs∂bmWv.

cmjvSØnt≥dtXm kaqlØnt≥dtXm A√. ]t£, Cu kºm

ZyØn¬ \n∂v cmjvSØns≥dbpw kaqlØns≥dbpw Bhiy

Øn\pth≠n Nnehgn°m≥ Ah≥ XbmdmhWw. AXp hyIvXn

bpsS _m[yXbmWv. Xm≥ kºmZn°p∂sXm∂pw X\n°p

≈Xs√∂ t_m[amWv IayqWnkv‰v cmjvSßfnse D¬∏m

Z\tØmXv Ipdbm\pw Aßs\ ]kvXpX cmjvSßfpsS XI¿

®bv°pap≈ ImcWw. Xs≥d kºmZyw X\n°v CjvSap≈Xv

t]mse Nnehgn°msa∂ hnNmcamWv apXemfnØtemI

Øns≥d ]mfn®. Cu c≠v BXy¥nIXIsfbpw \ntj[n°p∂

Ckvemw kºmZn°phm\p≈ hyIvXnbpsS AhImiw AwKoIcn

°pIbpw AXn¬ \n∂v CXc¿°pth≠n Nnehgnt°≠Xv Ah

s≥d _m[yXbmsW∂v ]Tn∏n°pIbpw sNøp∂p.

I®hSw Ckvemw A\phZn°p∂p. ]eni \ntcm[n°pIbpw

sNøp∂p. em`w AwKoIcn°pIbpw ]qgvØnsh∏pw sIm≈em`

hpw \ntcm[n°pIbpw sNøp∂p. I®hSØn¬ IrXnaXzßfp

≠mhm≥ ]mSns√∂mWv Ckvemans≥d I¬]\. D¬]-mZ\cwKw

NqjWapIvXamhWw. AXv F√mh¿°p apºnepw Xpd∂nSWw.

D¬∏∂Øns≥d \yq\XIƒ ad®psh®p sIm≠v AXn∂v

am¿°‰p≠m°p∂Xv Ckveman\p hncp≤amWv.

Aekamb PohnXw Ckvemw \ncp’mls∏SpØp∂p. A\

¥ckzØv [q¿ØSn®v Pohn°p∂h≥ sIm≈cpXmØh\mWv.

CkvemanI kaqlØn¬ \ne\n¬°p∂ k°mØv hyhkvY

CØcamfpIfpsS AekX AI‰p∂p. FX henb kº∂\m

bncp∂mepw h¿jw tXmdpw c≠c iXam\w Nnehgn°pIbm

sW¶n¬ \m¬]-Xph¿jßƒ°p≈n¬ B kºØv Xo¿∂pt]m

Ipsa∂ Nn¥ AekX AI‰pIbpw kºØns\ D¬]-mZ\cwK

Ønd°phm≥ t]cn∏n°pIbpw sNøp∂p.

[\Øns≥d kºmZ\Ønse∂t]mse D]t`mKcwKØpw

]men°s∏tS≠ hyIvXamb \nbaßƒ Ckvemanep≠v. ]nip

°pw [q¿Øpw Ckvemw AwKoIcn°p∂n√. IpSpw_Øns≥dbpw

kaqlØns≥dbpw Bhiyßƒ°v kºØv Nnehgnt°≠Xv

AXv ssIhiap≈hs≥d I¿ØhyamWv. F∂m¬ kpJt`mK

ßƒ°v AanXambn ]Ww Nnehgn°p∂Xns\ Ckvemw

\ntcm[n°p∂p.

kmºØnIamb hnjaXIf\p`hn°p∂hsc klmbnt°

≠ _m[yX kaqlØn\mWp≈Xv. CXn∂mbn´mWv Ckvemw

kI-mØv hyhkvY \S∏m°nbncn°p∂Xv. kº∂s≥d ASp

Øp \n∂v h¿jmhkm\Ønse kºmZyØns≥d c≠c iXam

\w cmjvStam kaqlw DØchmZs∏SpØnb kvYm]\ßtfm

]ncns®Sp°pIbpw A¿lXs∏´h¿°v hnXcWw sNøpIbp

amWv kI-mØns≥d cq]w. kI-mØv \n¿_‘Zm\hpw [\n

Is≥d kºmZyØns≥d ip≤oIcWhpamWv. CXp IqSmsXØ

s∂ ZcnZsc klmbnt°≠Xv [\nIs≥d _m[yXbmbn´mWv

Ckvemw ImWp∂Xv. CXn∂p th≠nbmWv Zm\w \¬Iphm≥

]hmNI≥ (k) BPvRm]n®ncn°p∂vv. CØcw sFOnI

Zm\ßfmWv "kZJ'sb∂v Adnbs∏Sp∂Xv.



D¬]-mZ\sØbpw D]t`mKsØbpw Ipdn® Nne Jp¿B≥

kqIvXßfpw ]hmNI hN\ßfpw i≤n°pI.

"Ah\mWv qanbnep≈sX√mw \nßƒ°pth≠n krjvSn®p

X∂Xv'.1

"kzØpw k¥m\ßfpw sFlnI PohnXØns≥d Ae¶mc

ßfmIp∂p. F∂m¬ \ne\n¬°p∂ k¬I¿a-ßfmWv \ns≥d

c£nXmhn¶¬ DØaamb ]Xn-êap≈Xpw DØaamb

]Xo£ \¬Ip∂Xpw'.2

"I®hSw A√mlp A\phZn°pIbpw ]eni \njn≤am°p

Ibpw sNbvXncn°p∂p'3.

"kXyhnizmknItf, \nßƒ ]ckv]cw kwXr]vXntbmSp

IqSn \SØp∂ I®hS CS]mSp aptJ\b√msX \nßfpsS

kzØp°ƒ A\ymbambn \nßft\ym\yw FSpØp Xn∂cpXv'.4

"Afhnepw Xq°Ønepw \nßƒ Ipdhv hcpØcpXv'5.

"\nßƒ Af∂p sImSp°pIbmsW¶n¬ Afhv \nßƒ XnI

®p sImSp°pI. icnbmb Xpem psIm≠v \nßƒ Xq°ns°mSp

°pIbpw sNøpI. AXmWv DØahpw A¥y eØn¬ G‰hpw

sa®ambn´p≈Xpw.-'6

"F∂m¬ GsXmcmƒ Zm\w \¬IpIbpw kq£vaX ]men°p

Ibpw G‰hpw DØaambXns\ kXys∏SpØpIbpw sNbvXp

thm Ah∂v \mw G‰hpw Ffp∏ambXnte°v kuIcys∏SpØn

s°mSp°p∂XmWv. F∂m¬ B¿ ]nip°v ImWn°pIbpw

kzbw]cym]vXX \Sn°pIbpw G‰hpw DØaambXns\ \ntj

[n®p X≈pIbpw sNbvXpthm Ah∂p \mw G‰hpw sRcp°ap

≈Xnte°v kuIcysamcp°ns°mSp°p∂XmWv'.7

"tNmZn®p hcp∂hs\ \o hncń hnSpIbpw sNøcpXv'8

"IpSpw__\v[ap≈h∂v Ahs≥d AhImiw \o \¬IpI.

AKXn°pw hgnt]m°∂pw (AhcpsS AhImihpw). \o ([\w)

Zp¿hybw sNøcpXv. Xo¿®bmbpw Zp¿hybw sNøp∂h¿ ]nimNp

°fpsS ktlmZcßfmIp∂p.'1

"A√mlp \n\°v kºØv \¬Inbn´ps≠¶n¬ A\pKl

Øns≥d Ombbpw alXzhpw Ah≥ \n∂n¬ ImWpamdmIs´'2.

"CjvSap≈Xv `£n®p sIm≈pI, CjvSap≈Xv [cn®p sIm

≈pI; c≠p Imcyßƒ˛[q¿Øpw Al¶mchpw \ns∂ Xo≠m

Ø ]£w'.3

"BUw_cØn¬ apgpImXncn°pI. BUw_c PohnXw

ssZhZmk∑m¿°v A\ptbmPya√'.4

"kXyk‘\pw IWniX ]men°p∂h\pamb hym]mcn

A¥y\mfn¬ ]hmNI∑m¿, kXy]meI∑m¿, cIvXkm£nIƒ,

kZvhrØ¿ F∂nhtcmSv IqsSbmbncn°pw'.5

"h√Xpw hn¬°pIbmsW¶n¬ icn°pw Af∂p sImSp°pI,

hmßn°ptºmƒ icn°pw Af∂v hmßn°pIbpw sNøpI'.6

"hn¬]-\®c°pIfpsS \yq\XIƒ hn¬]-\°mc≥ hmßp∂

h∂v hnhcn®p sImSpt°≠XmWv. F¶n¬ B CS]mSv kzoIm

cyw Xs∂. A√mØ]£w AXv tæNvOhpamWv.'7

"h©\m kz`mhap≈ F√m I®hSßfpw \ntcm[n®ncn

°p∂p'.8

"thKw hn‰gnbm\mbn km[\ßfpsS KpWw s]cp∏n®v ]dbp

∂Xv ip≤amb G¿∏mS√'9

"D≈Xp t]mse ]dbpIbpw hniZoIcn°pIbpw sNbvXm¬

CS]mSn¬ Ah¿ A\pKloXcmhpw. I≈w ]dbpIbpw ad®p

1. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 292. Jp¿-B≥- 18: 163. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 2754. Jp¿-B≥- 4: 295. Jp¿-B≥- 11: 846. Jp¿-B≥- 17: 357. Jp¿-B≥- 92: 5˛108. Jp¿-B≥- 93: 10

1. Jp¿-B≥- 17: 26, 272. A_q-Zm-hq-Zv,- \km-Cu-3.- _p-Jm-cn-4.- Alv-aZv-5.- Xn¿-ap-Zn-6.- _p-Jm-cn-7.- _p-Jm-cn-8.- ap-kv-enw-9.- _p-Jm-cn,-- ap-kv-enw-



sh°pIbpw sNbvXm¬ CS]mSnse A\pKlw ambv°s∏Spw.1'

"]qgvØnsh®h≥ ]m]nbmWv'.2

"henb hne°v hn¬°m\mbn [m\yw ]qgvØnshbv°p∂h≥

Ip‰hmfnbmWv'3.

"IbnhnIb thfbnepw ISw aS°n tNmZn°ptºmgpw kuay

ambn s]cpamdp∂hs≥d ta¬ A√mlp IcpW sNøs´'.4

"G‰hpw \√ \nebn¬ ISw hoSp∂h\mWv \nßfn¬

DØa≥'5.

"]eni°v ]Ww ISw sImSp°p∂hs≥d taepw ]eni°v ]

Ww taSn°p∂hs≥d taepw ]eni°v km£yw hln°p∂h

s≥d taepw ]eni°W°v FgpXp∂hs≥d taepw A√mlphn

s≥d im]ap≠mhp∂XmWvv'.6

"kXyhnizmknItf, aZyhpw NqXm´hpw ]XnjvTIfpw

]iv\wsh®p t\m°m\p≈ AºpIfpw ss]imNnIamb tæNvO

hrØn amXamIp∂p. AXn\m¬ \nßƒ AsXms° h¿PvPn

°pI, \nßƒ hnPbw ]m]nt®°mw.'7

"aZyw, ihw, ]∂n, _nw_ßƒ ChbpsS hym]mcw A√mlp

\njn≤am°nbncn°p∂p.-'8

D¬]-mZ\hpw hyhkmbhpw Irjnbpsa√map≠mIptºmƒ

apXemfnbpw sXmgnemfnbpap≠mhpI kzm`mhnIamWv. Cu

kzm`mhnIXsb Ckvemw AwKoIcn°p∂p. ]t£, sXmgnemfn˛

apXemfn_‘w kwL´\Ønt≥dXmhWsa∂v AXv ]Tn∏n°p

∂n√. sXmgnseSp°p∂Xns≥d amlmflyw ]hmNI≥ (k) Du

∂n∏d™n´p≠v.

"sXmgnemfnbpsS ssIIƒ sIm≠p≈ kºmZyamWv G‰hpw

\√ hn`hw'9.

"G‰hpw ip≤amb £Ww kz¥w Icßƒ sIm≠v kºmZn

®XmWvv'1.

"sXmgnemfnsb A√mlp kvt\lnXs\t∏mse IW°m°p

∂p'.2

"A√mlp Xs≥d sXmgnemfnbmb Zmks\ CjvSs∏Sp∂p.

Xs≥d IpSpw_Øn\pth≠n tPmensbSpØv £oWn®h≥ ]Xm

]hm\pw alm\pamb A√mlphns≥d am¿KØn¬ ]Ss]mcp

Xp∂hs\t∏msebmWv.'3

sXmgnemfn°v A¿lamb Iqen \¬IWsa∂mWv Ckveman

s≥d imk\. tPmen XpSßp∂Xn∂p apºpXs∂ Iqensb∏‰n

sXmgnemfnbpw apXemfnbpw Hcp [mcWbnseØWw. Cßs\

[mcWbnseØnb Iqenbn¬ A¬]w t]mepw Ipdbv°msX

sXmgnemfnbpsS hnb¿∏v h‰p∂Xn∂p apºpXs∂ sImSp°

Wsa∂mWv ]hmNI≥ I¬∏n®ncn°p∂Xvv. sXmgnemfnsb

NqjWw sNbvXv ]Ww kºmZn°phm\p≈ apXemfnbpsS

A`nhmRvO°v ISn™mWn´ Ckvemw sXmgnemfn°v Xs≥d

tPmenbn¬ Bflm¿Y-Xbp≠mhWsa∂pw ]Tn∏n°p∂p.

]hmNI≥ ]d™p: "sXmgnemfnsbs°m≠v the sNøn®v thX

\w \¬ImØh≥ A¥y\mfn¬ A√mlphns≥d iXphmbn

cn°pw'4.

hnizmknIfpsS Iq´mbvabn¬ \n∂mWt√m CkemanI kaq

lap≠mhp∂Xv. apkvenw kaqlw a‰p P\hn`mKßfpambn ]q¿

W-ambpw klnjvWpXbnemWv Igntb≠sX∂mWv Ckvemw

]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. a‰p aXkaqlßfpambn apkvenwkaqlw h¿Øn

t°≠ klnjvWpXbpsS AXn¿hcºv F¥mbncn°Wsa∂

Imcyw hfsc hyIvXambn hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ hc®pImWn°p∂p

≠v. "aXImcyØn¬ \nßtfmSv bp≤w sNømXncn°pIbpw \nß

fpsS hoSpIfn¬ \n∂v \nßsf ]pdØm°mXncn°pIbpw sNøp

∂hsc kw_\v[n®nStØmfw \nßfh¿°v \∑sNøp∂Xpw

1.- _p-Jm-cn-,- ap-kv-enw-2.- ap-kv-enw,- A_q-Zm-hq-Zv,- Xn¿-ap-Zn-3.- C_v-\p-am-P4.- _p-Jm-cn-5.- _p-Jm-cn-6.- ap-kv-enw-,- Xn¿-ap-Zn,- A_q-Zm-hq-Zv-7.- Jp¿-B≥- 5: 908.- _p-Jm-cn-9.- Alv-aZv-

1.- _p-Jm-cn-2.- ss_lJn-3.- Alv-aZv-4.- _p-Jm-cn-



\nßfhtcmSv \oXn ImWn°p∂Xpw A√mlp \nßtfmSv \ntcm

[n°p∂n√. Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlp \oXn ]men°p∂hsc CjvS

s∏Sp∂p. aXImcyØn¬ \nßtfmSv bp≤w sNøpIbpw \nßfp

sS hoSpIfn¬ \∂v \nßsf ]pdØm°pIbpw \nßsf ]pdØm

°p∂Xn¬ ]ckv]cw klIcn°pIbpw sNbvXhsc kw_

\v[n®p amXamWv˛AhtcmSv ssaXn ImWn°p∂Xv˛ A√mlp

\ntcm[n°p∂Xv. h√hcpw AhtcmS v ssaXo_‘w

]pe¿Øp∂]£w Ah¿ Xs∂bmIp∂p AIaImcnIƒ.'1

CkvemantIXckaqlßƒ apkvenw kaqlØns≥d \ne\n

¬]v tNmZywsNømØnStØmfw Ahcpambn klnjvWpXbnepw

kvt\lØnepw IgnbWsa∂ Jp¿B\nse D]cypIvX \n¿tZ

iØns≥d \nZ¿i\ambncp∂p ]hmNIs≥dbpw A\pNc

∑mcpsSbpw PohnXsa∂Xn\v Ht´sd NcnX hkvXpXIƒ

km£yw hln°p∂p.

CkvemanIkaqlØns≥d s]mXphmb DØchmZnØßfn¬

G‰hpw ][m\s∏´XmWv kXyaXkm£ysa∂mWv Jp¿B≥

]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. apkvenwkaqlØns≥d G‰hpw henb khn

tijXbmbn Jp¿B≥ ]kvXmhn°p∂Xv \∑bnte°p £Wn

°pIbpw Xn∑ hntcm[n°pIbpw sNøpIsb∂ kz`mhsØ

bmWv. Cu kz`mhamWv CXc P\kaqlßfn¬ \n∂v Ckvem

anI kaqlsØ hyXncnIvXam°p∂Xv. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ apkvenw

kapZmbØns≥d \ne\n¬∏ns≥d e£yw Xs∂ \∑bnte°v

P\ßsf £Wn°pbpw Xn∑bn¬ \n∂v Ahsc XSbpIbpw

sNøpIsb∂XmWv. CXmWv CkvemanI kaqlsØ DØa

kapZmbam°n am‰p∂Xv. hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂Xv ImWpI:

"a\pjy hwiØn\pth≠n cwKØp sIm≠phcs∏´ DØa kap

ZmbamIp∂p \nßƒ. \nßƒ kZmNmcw I¬]n-°pIbpw Zpcm

NmcØn¬ \n∂v hne°pIbpw A√mlphn¬ hnizkn°pIbpw

sNøp∂p.'2

"\∑bnte°p £Wn°pIbpw kZmNmcw I¬]n°pIbpw

ZpcmNmcØn¬ \n∂v hne°pIbpw sNøp∂ Hcp kapZmbw

\nßfn¬ \n∂v D≠mbncn°s´. AhscX hnPbnIƒ'.1

GIssZhmcm[\bpw ]hmNINcybv°\pkrXamb ]h¿

Ø\ßfpamIp∂p Ckvemans≥d ho£WØn¬ G‰hpw henb

\∑. _lpssZhmcm[\bpw ]hmNINcybv°p hncp≤amb ]h

¿Ø\ßfpamWv G‰hpw henb Xn∑. At∏mƒ \∑ Ckvemapw

Xn∑ kXy\ntj[hpamIp∂p. CkvemanI kaqlsØ DZmØ

am°p∂Xv \∑bnte°p≈ £Whpw Xn∑bn¬ \n∂p≈ XSb

epamsW∂ hnip≤ Jp¿B\ns≥d ]kvXmh\bn¬ \n∂v

CkvemanI ]t_m[\w apkvenw kapZmbØns≥d s]mXphmb

DØchmZnØhpw a‰p kapZmbßfn¬ \n∂v AXns\ hyXn

cnIvXam°p∂ khntijXbpamsW∂v a\ nem°mw. Cu DØ

chmZnØw \n¿h-ln°p∂Xn¬ \n∂v hnapJXImWn°p∂ apkv

enwIfpsS Iq´mbvabv°v hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ hntijn∏n® DØa

kapZmbw F∂ hntijWØn\v A¿lXbns√∂v kmcw.

tIheamb aX]NmcWsa∂Xnep]cnbmbn CkvemanI

kaqlw \n¿h-lnt°≠Xv kXyaXkm£yamsW∂mWv hnip

≤ Jp¿Bs≥d A\pimk\. "A]Imcw \mw \nßsf Hcp

DØa kapZmbam°nbncn°p∂p. \nßƒ P\ßƒ°v km£nI

fmbncn°phm\pw dkq¬ \nßƒ°v km£nbmbncn°phm\pw

th≠n'.2

A¥na]hmNI≥ kzkapZmbØn¬ Fßs\ kXykm

£yw \n¿h-ln®pthm A]Imcw kXyhnizmknIfpsS kaqlw

XßfpsS kaqlØn¬ km£yw hln°Wsa∂mWt√m Cu

ssZhI¬]\bn¬ \n∂p a\ nemIp∂Xv. kpZrVamb hnizm

khpw amXrIm]camb I¿a-coXnIfpw ]pe¿Øp∂ kXyhnizm

knIfptSXmb kwLsØ sIń∏Sp°pIbpw ]kvXpX kwLw

]hmNIs≥d PohnX amXrI ]n≥]‰n Ckveman∂p km£yw

hln°pIbpw kzPohnXØneqsS a‰p≈hsc Ckvemante°v

£Wn°pIbpw sNøWsa∂mWv Cu I¬]-\bpsS kmcw.

km£yØns≥d A¿Y-w a\ nem°m\pXIp∂ as‰mcp Jp¿

B≥ kqIvXw ImWpI: "A√mlphns≥d am¿K-Øn¬ kacw

1.- Jp¿-B≥- 60: 8,- 92. Jp¿-B≥- 3: 110

1. Jp¿-B≥- 3: 1042. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 143



sNtø≠ apd]Imcw \nßƒ kacw sNøpI. Ah≥ \nßsf

D¬IrjvScmbn sXcs™SpØncn°p∂p. aXImcyØn¬ bmsXm

cp ]bmkhpw \nßfpsS ta¬ Ah≥ NpaØnbnń√. \nßfpsS

]nXmhmb C_vdmloans≥d am¿K-asX AXv. apºpw CXnepw

Ah¿ \nßƒ°v apkvenwIsf∂ t]cv \¬Inbncn°p∂p. dkq¬

\nßƒ°v km£nbmbncn°phm\pw \nßƒ P\ßƒ°v km£n

bmbncn°phm\pw th≠n. BIbm¬ \nßƒ \akvImcw apdt]m

se \n¿hln°pIbpw, kI-mØv \¬IpIbpw, A√mlpsh apdp

sI∏nSn°pIbpw sNøpI. Ah\mWv \nßfpsS c£m[nImcn.

FX \√ c£m[nImcn! FX \√ klmbn!'-1

kz¥w PohnXsØ kXyaXØns≥d km£yam°ns°m≠pw

PvRm\hpwbpIvXnbpw kZp]tZihpap]tbmKn®v kwhZn®p sIm

≠pw kXyaXØns≥d ktµiw a‰p≈h¿°v FØn®psImSp

°Wsa∂mWv hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ I¬∏n°p∂Xv. ]S®Xºpcm≥

]hmNIt\mSmbn I¬]-n® Imcyßƒ ]hmNI\n¬ \n∂v

km£yw G‰phmßnb DØa kapZmbØnse AwKßƒs°

√mw _m[IamWv. "bpIvXnZo£tbmSp IqSnbpw, kZp]tZiw

aptJ\bpw \ns≥d c£nXmhns≥d am¿KØnte°v \o £Wn®p

sIm≈pI. G‰hpw \√ coXnbn¬ Ahcpambn kwhmZw \SØp

Ibpw sNøpI. Xo¿®bmbpw \ns≥d c£nXmhv Xs≥d am¿K-w

hn v ]ng®pt]mbhsc∏‰n \√hÆw Adnbp∂h\sX. k∑m¿Kw

]m]n®hsc∏‰nbpw Ah≥ \√hÆw Adnbp∂h\sX'.2

kZp]tZiØneqsS Ckvemans≥d ]kIvXn t_m[yam°n

s°mSpØpsIm≠pw kzPohnXØneqsS AXns≥d ]mtbmKn

IX sXfnbn®psIm≠pw kXyaXØnte°v P\ßsf £Wn°p

Isb∂ DØchmZnØtas‰SpØncn°p∂h¿°v Hcn°epw

Bscbpw \n¿_‘n®v kz¥w aXØnte°v sIm≠phcm≥ Ign

bn√. aXImcyØn¬ bmsXmcp \n¿_‘hpw ]mSns√∂pw Hcmƒ

kza\ msebmWv hnizmkw kzoIcnt°≠sX∂pw Jp¿B≥

hyIvXam°p∂p. "aXØns≥d ImcyØn¬ _e]tbmKan√.

k∑m¿K-w Zp¿am¿§Øn¬ \n∂v hyIvXambn th¿Xncn™p

Ign™ncn°p∂p'1.

_lpaXkaqlsa∂ Bibw Ckvemw AwKoIcn°p∂p.

a\pjys\ ssZhw krjvSn®Xp Xs∂ Ah∂v CjvSap≈Xp

sXcs™Sp°phm\p≈ Ignhp \¬Ins°m≠mWv F∂Xn\m¬

Xs∂ A`n]mb hyXymkßfpw hyXykvX hn`mKßfpw kzm`m

hnIamWv. kzX¥amb sXcs™Sp∏n\v Ignhv \¬Inb A√m

lphn∂√msX a\pjyscsb√mw H∂n®v hnizmknIfm°n am‰p

hm≥ IgnbpIbn√. Aßs\ A√mlp am‰p∂ ]£w kzX¥

\mb krjvSnsb∂ \nebv°p≈ a\pjys≥d khntijamb

AkvXnXzw \jvSs∏SpIbpw sNøpw. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ temI

Øp≈ a\pjysc√mw Hcpt]mse hnizmknIfmhpIsb∂Xv

A]mtbmKnIamWv. AXv Hcn°epw D≠mhpIbn√. kXyhnizm

kØnte°v £Wn°pI amXamWv sNtø≠sX∂pw AXp

kzoIcn°phm≥ th≠n \n¿∫‘nt°≠Xns√∂pw ]hmNIs\

DZvt_m[n∏n°p∂ Jp¿B≥ kqIvXßƒ i≤n°pI: "\ns≥d

c£nXmhv Dt±in®ncp∂psh¶n¬ `qanbnep≈hsc√mw H∂n®v

hnizmkn°pambncp∂p. F∂ncns° P\ßƒ kXyhnizmkn

fmIphm≥ \o Ahsc \n¿_\v[n°pItbm?'2

"AXn\m¬ \o D¬t_m[n∏n°pI. \o Hcp D¬t_m[I≥

amXamIp∂p. \o AhcpsSta¬ A[nImcw sNeptØ≠h\√'3.

_e]tbmKØneqsS Ascsb¶nepw k∑m¿KØnem°m≥

Ignbpsa∂v hnNmcn°p∂Xv shdpsXbmWv. AXpsIm≠pXs∂

Ckvemw _e]tbmKØn¬ hnizkn°p∂n√. F∂m¬ Ckvem

anI ]t_m[\w F∂ apkvenw kaqlØns≥d _m[yX \n¿h

ln°p∂Xn\v hnLv\w krjvSn°p∂ iIvXnIsf _eap]tbm

Kn®v \o°n°ftb≠Xv Bhiyambnhcptºmƒ AXv Ckvemw

A\phZn°p∂p≠v. Ckveman¬ bp≤w A\phZ\obamIp∂Xv

ChnsSbmWv. kam[m\Øns≥d aXamb Ckvemw AIaØn\c

bmIp∂hcpsS kwc£WØn\pw kXyaXa\pkcn®v Pohn°p

hm\pw AXv ]Ncn∏n°phm\pap≈ kzmX¥yØn\pw th≠n

1. Jp¿-B≥- 22: 782. Jp¿-B≥- 16: 125

1. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 2562. Jp¿-B≥- 10: 993. Jp¿-B≥- 88: 21, 22



AScmSphm≥ apkvenwItfmSv I¬∏n®ncn°p∂p. AIaw Ah

km\n∏n®v kam[m\w kvYm]n°phm\mWv Ckvemw bp≤w

A\phZn°p∂Xv. bp≤Øn¬ t]mepw am\yX ssIshSnbm≥

]mSns√∂pw ]cn[n ewLn°cpsX∂pamWv Jp¿B\ns≥d imk

\: "\nßtfmSv bp≤w sNøp∂hcpambn A√mlphns≥d am¿K

Øn¬ \nßfpw bp≤wsNøpI. F∂m¬ \nßƒ ]cn[nhn´v

]h¿Øn°cpXvv. ]cn[nhn´v ]h¿Øn°p∂hsc A√mlp

CjvSs∏Sp‡s∂bn√'.1

"bp≤Øn\ncbmIp∂h¿°v Ah¿ a¿Z-nXcmbXn\m¬ (Xncn®

Sn°m≥) A\phmZw \¬Is∏ńcn°p∂p. Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlp

Ahsc klmbn°phm≥ Ignhp≈h≥ Xs∂bmIp∂p. bmsXm

cp \ymbhpw IqSmsX "RßfpsS c£nXmhv A√mlphmWv'

F∂p ]dbp∂Xns≥d t]cn¬ amXw XßfpsS `h\ßfn¬

\n∂v ]pdØm°s∏´hcsX Ah¿. a\pjycn¬ Nnesc a‰p

Nnescs°m≠v A√mlp XSp°p∂n√mbncp∂psh¶n¬ ]e

k\ymknaTßfpw InkvXob tZhmebßfpw blqZtZhmeb

ßfpw A√mlphns≥d \maw [mcmfambn ]Io¿Øn°s∏Sp∂

apkvenw]≈nIfpw XI¿°s∏Spambncp∂p. Xs∂ klmbn°p

∂Xmtcm Ahsc A√mlp klmbn°pw. Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlp

iIvX\pw ]Xm]nbpw Xs∂bmIp∂p'.2

"A√mlphns≥d am¿K-Øn¬ \nßƒs°¥psIm≠p bp≤w

sNbvXpIqSm? "RßfpsS c£nXmth, AIanIfmb BfpIƒ

A[nhkn°p∂ Cu \mń¬\n∂v Rßsf \o tamNn∏n°pIbpw

\ns≥d hIbmbn Hcp c£m[nImcnsbbpw \ns≥d hIbmbn

Hcp klmbnsbbpw Rßƒ°v \o \nivNbn®p XcnIbpw sNtø

Wta' F∂v ]m¿Y-n®p sIm≠ncn°p∂ a¿Z-ns®mXp°s∏´

]pcpj∑m¿°pw kvXoIƒ°pw IpńIƒ°pw th≠nbpw (\nß

ƒs°¥p sIm≠v bp≤wsNbvXpIqSm?). hnizmknIƒ A√m

lphns≥d am¿KØn¬ bp≤w sNøp∂p. AXn\m¬ ]nimNns≥d

anXßfpambn \nßƒ bp≤Ønte¿s∏´p sIm≈pI.

Xo¿®bmbpw ]nimNns≥d IpX¥w Zp¿_eamIp∂p'2.

"C\n Ah¿ kam[m\Ønte°v Nmbvhv ImWn°p∂ ]£w

\obpw AXnte°v Nmbvhv ImWn°pIbpw A√mlphns≥d ta¬

`cta¬∏n°pIbpw sNøpI'1.

apkvenw kaqlw bp≤w sNøphm≥ \n¿_-‘nXcmhpIbm

sW¶n¬ kaqlØnse Ignhpw BtcmKyap≈hsc√mw

bp≤Øn\v k∂≤cmth≠XmWv. CltemIØp≠mhp∂

t\´ßtf°mƒ ]ctemIsØ ]Xnêw Imw£n°p∂ hnizm

knIƒ°v XßfpsS hnizmk kwc£WØn\pth≠n sIm√

s∏Sp∂Xn¬ bmsXmcp ssha\kyhpap≠mhpIbn√. Jp¿B≥

]dbp∂Xv ImWpI: "CltemI PohnXsØ ]ctemIØn\v

]Icw hn¬°m≥ Xbmdp≈h¿ A√mlphns≥d am¿KØn¬

bp≤wsNøs´. A√mlphns≥d am¿KØn¬ bp≤wsNbvXn´v

Ah≥ sIm√s∏´mepw hnPbw t\Snbmepw \mw Ah∂v

alØmb ]Xnêw \¬Ip∂XmWv.'2

kXyaXØns≥d kwc£WØn\pth≠n \SØp∂ kacß

sf√mw PnlmZv Xs∂bmIp∂p. kmbp[ kacw amXa√ PnlmZv.

"kz¥w icoctØmSv kabw sNøp∂h\mWv bYm¿∞

apPmlnZv'3 F∂ ]hmNIhN\w Xn∑Ifn¬ \n∂pw ss]im

NnI ]hWXIfn¬ \n∂pw AI∂p\n¬°pIsb∂ ]ca][m

\amb [¿a-kasØbmWv kqNn∏n°p∂Xv. _u≤nIhpw

ImbnIhpamb IgnhpIfp]tbmKn®v Ckvemans\ ]Xntcm[n

°p∂Xv PnlmZv Xs∂bmWv. "XßfpsS [\w sIm≠pw tZlw

sIm≠pw kacw sNøp∂hsc Hgn™ncn°p∂htc°mƒ A√m

lp ]Zhnbn¬ Db¿Ønbncn°p∂p.'4 Xs≥d kIeam\ Ign-hp

Ifpap]tbmKn®v Hcp apkvenw \SØp∂ k¿h-tXm∑pJamb

kacamWv PnlmZv F∂v CkvemanI ]finX\mb C_v\p

dpjvZns≥d \n¿∆N\w it≤bamWv. "AIanbmb `cWm

[nImcnbpsS apºn¬ \oXnbpsS hm°p®cn°emWv G‰hpw

tijvTamb PnlmZv'5 F∂ ]hmNI hN\w PnlmZns≥d hnhn[

1. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 1902. Jp¿-B≥- 23: 39, 403. Jp¿-B≥- 4: 75, 76

1. Jp¿-B≥- 8: 612. Jp¿-B≥- 4: 743 Xn¿-ap-Zn4.- Jp¿-B≥- 4: 955.- A_q-Zm-hq-Zv,- Xn¿-ap-Zn-



am\ßfnte°v shf®whoip∂p. bp≤w PnlmZns≥d mKamWv;

]s£ Ch c≠pw ]cymb]Zßf√. PnlmZv kz¥w icoctØm

Spw iXpkaqltØmSpw ]nimNnt\mSpw sNøp∂ kacßfpsS

BsIØpIbmWv.

Ckvemans≥d kmtlmZcyk¶¬]w ]mtbmKnIam°pIbpw

kmºØnIkn≤m¥ßƒ \S∏n¬ hcpØpIbpw \∑bnte°p

≈ £Whpw Xn∑bn¬ \n∂p≈ XSbepw khntijXbmbn

kzoIcn°pIbpw ssZham¿KØn¬ kacw sNøm≥ k∂≤X

]ISn∏n°pIbpw sNøp∂ kaqlamWv bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Ckvem

anI kaqlw F∂p hnfn°s∏Sphm≥ A¿lambncn°p∂Xvv; Cu

kaqlamWv "DØa kapZmbw' F∂ Jp¿B\ns≥d hnti

jWØn\v A¿lambncn°p∂Xv.

CkvemanI cmjvSw

kmaqlyPohnbmb a\pjy\v \ne\n¬°phm≥ Nne \nba

ßƒ BhiyamsW∂v \ap°dnbmw. Cu \nbaßƒ s]mXpsh

c≠p XcamWp≈Xv. hyIvXn ]ment°≠ \nbaßfpw kaqlw

\S∏nemt°≠ \nbaßfpamWh. CXn¬ c≠masØ XcØn

¬s]- \nbaßƒ \S∏mt°≠Xn\v DØchmZnØap≈ kvYm]

\amWv `cWkwhn[m\w. \mKcnIXtbmfw Xs∂ ]g°ap

≈XmWv `cWkwhn[m\sa∂mWv D¬J\\KthjWßƒ

hyIvXam°p∂Xv. Hcp XcØnes√¶n¬ as‰mcp XcØnep≈

`cWhyhkvYIƒ F√m ]ucmWnI\mKcnIXIfnepw \ne\n

∂ncp∂psh∂mWv a\ nem°m≥ Ign™n´p≈Xv. Hc ]tXyI

`cWkwhn[m\Øn\p Iogn¬ hcp∂ P\]Zhpw `qhn`mKhpa

SßnbXmWv cmjvSw. Hmtcm kaqlØ-ns≥dbpw cmjvSob \nb

aßfmWv B kaqlØns≥d \ne\n¬∏v F¥pamXw `Zhpw

_enjvThpambncp∂psh∂v hyIvXam°p∂Xv.

hyIvXnbpw kaqlhpw XΩnep≈ _‘sØ°pdn®v H∂ne

[nIw ho£Wßƒ \ne\n¬°p∂p≠v. Hcp kmaqlyPohnsb

∂ \nebv°v a\pjys≥d hyIvXnXzw kaqlØns≥d krjvSnbm

sW∂pw AXpsIm≠pXs∂ hyIvXnXzhf¿®bv°pw kmaqlyam

‰Øn\pw th≠n kaqlw \ne\n¬°p∂ \nbaßfnemWv BZy

ambn am‰whcptØ≠sX∂mWv Hcp ho£Ww. ^mjnkw

apX¬ IayqWnkw hscbp≈ XXzimkvXßfpsS ho£Wan

C-cp-]-Xv-

278


XmWv. hyhkvYnXnbpsS am‰w aptJ\ amXsa a\pjycn¬

Fs¥¶nepw cq]Ønep≈ ]cnh¿Ø\ap≠mhq F∂ ]Xyb

imkvXßfpsS ImgvN∏mSv a\pjy≥ NcnXØns≥d krjvSn

bmWv F∂ AhbpsS ASnkvYm\XØ-zØns≥d A\nhmcyam

b Xm¬]cyamWv. NcnXØnepS\ofw ImWmhp∂Xv hyXykvX

cwKßfn¬ ]tim`n® hyIvXnIsfbmsW∂pw AXpsIm

≠pXs∂ hyIvXnIfmWv NcnXw krjvSn°p∂sX∂pap≈

ho£WamWv as‰m∂v. Cu ho£W ]Imcw kaqltam kmaq

ly\nbaßtfm H∂pwXs∂ HcmfpsS hyIvXnXzØns≥d

cq]oIcWØn¬ bmsXmcp ]¶pw hln°p∂n√. hyIvXnIfmWv

NcnXØns≥d tIµ_nµpsh∂ Cu ho£W]Imcw kmaqly

am‰Ønt\m ]cnh¿Ø\Ønt\m Imcyamb ]kIvXnbn√.

Cu c≠p ho£Wßfpw Ckveman∂v A\yamWv. tIheamb

Hcp kmaqlyhnπhØneqsS a\pjyscsb√mw Aßp kwkvI

cn®pIfbmsa∂ Dt´m]y≥ [mcWsbm∂pw Ckvemw hf¿Øp

∂n√. ]cnh¿Ø\w XpStß≠Xv hyIvXnbpsS a\xkvYnXnbn¬

\n∂v Xs∂bmWv. GIssZhmcm[\bpw ]ctemI t_m[hp

amWv hyIvXnsb hnaeoIcn°phm≥ t]m∂ D]IcWßsf∂m

Wv Ckvemw ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. kjvSmhpw kwc£I\pamb k¿h-

iIvX\p ap∂n¬ amXw kmjvSmwKw \an°p∂hcpw acWm\¥c

PohnXØn\pth≠n ]WnsbSp°p∂hcpw ]hmNINcy ]n¥pS

cp∂hcpamb Iptd hyIvXnIsf krjvSn°pIbmWv kmaqly

]cnh¿Ø\Øn\v BZyambn th≠Xv. ]kvXpX hyIvXnIƒ

IS∂psN√p∂ taJeIsf√mw At∏mƒ kzm`mhnIambpw

hnaeoIrXamhpw. Aßs\ kwkvIcn°s∏´ Hcp kaqlØn\v

hºn® kmaqlyam‰ßfp≠m°phm≥ Ignbpw. hyhkvYnXnbpsS

am‰Øn\p apºmbn hyIvXnIfpsS a\xkvYnXnbnemWv am‰w

htc≠sX∂mWv CkvemanIho£Ww. "P\w P\m[n]Xy]cam

hmsX P\m[n]XyØn\v \ne\n¬°m\mhn√' F∂ B[p\n

IcmjvSaoamwkIcpsS A`n]mbw C∆njbIambn Ckveman\p

≈ AwKoImcamsW∂ ImcyØn¬ kwiban√.

cmjvSØobsØ°pdn®v Ckvemans≥d ho£Ww AXns≥d

kaqlk¶¬]Øns≥d mKamWv. cmjvSans√¶n¬ Ckveman∂v

Xs∂ \ne\n¬∏ns√∂ hmZw ASnkvYm\clnXamWv. AtX

t]mseØs∂bmWv cmjvSobØn¬ CkvemanI \nbaßƒ

s°m∂pw ]kIvXnbns√∂ hmZhpw. CXp c≠pw c≠v BXy¥n

IXIfmWv. C∆njbIamb CkvemanI ho£WamIs´ Cu

BXy¥XIƒ°v as[ybmWv Xm\pw.

Hcp CkvemantIXc cmjvSØn¬ Pohn°p∂ apkvenans\

kw_\v[n®nStØmfw Ah∂v ]men°phm≥ Ignbp∂ cmjvSob

\nbaßƒ Ckvemw ]Tn∏n°p∂p≠v. cmjvSw Ckveman\p hncp

≤amImØnStØmfw Xs≥d cmPyØns≥d ]ptcmKXn°pth≠n

]h¿Øn°p∂tXm cmPyImcyßfn¬ ]¶phln°p∂tXm apkv

enan\v \njn≤a√. alm\mb bqkp^v \_n (A)bpsS NcnXw

hnhcn°p∂nSØv Jp¿B≥ C°mcyØnte°mWv shfn®w hoip

∂Xv. CkvemwaXw kzoIcn®nń√mXncp∂ Hcp cmPmhn\p Iogn¬

a¥n]Zw hln® B alm\mb ]hmNI≥ \oXn]men°pIbpw

cmjvStkh\w \n¿hln°pIbpw sNbvXpsh∂v Jp¿B\nse

NcnXIY\w hyIvXam°p∂p. Ckveman\p hncp≤a√mØ

ASnkvYm\mZ¿ißfn¬ta¬ kvYm]nXamb Hcp cmjvSØns≥d

Ip©nIkvYm\ßƒ hln°ptºmƒ apkvenwIƒ Fßs\bm

bncn°Wsa∂v ]kvXpX IY\Øn¬ \n∂v a\ nem°m≥

Ignbpw.

aX˛[m¿a-nIaqeyßfn¬ \n∂v hyXnNen°msX, Hcp Ckvem

antIXc cmjvSØnse cmjvSob ]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ ]¶mfnbm

hp∂Xn¬ \n∂v kXyhnizmknIsf XSbp∂Xn∂v hnip≤ Jp¿

B\ns≥dtbm Xncp\_nNcybptStbm bmsXmcp ]n≥_ehp

an√. Hcp apkvenw PohnØn¬ F√m cwKßfnepw CkvemanIamb

hn[nhne°pIƒ ]men°m≥ _m[ykvY\mbXpt]mse cmjv

SobØnepw ]kvXpX hn[nhne°pIƒ ]men°phm≥ _m[ykv

Y\mWv. cmjvSobØn¬ aX[m¿a-nIaqeyßƒ°v bmsXmcp

hnebpans√∂ ho£Ww Ckveman∂v A\yamWv. "ssZhØn\p

≈Xv ssZhØn\pw kok¿°p≈Xv kok¿°pw' F∂ N¿®n

s≥d hn`P\coXnbpw Ckvemw AwKoIcn°p∂n√. `cWcwK

Øp≈h¿ ssZhnIamb hn[nhne°pIƒ ]men°Wsa∂v

iIvXambn \njvI¿jn°p∂ aXamWv Ckvemw. AgnaXnbpw

280 CkvemanI cmjvSw 281


kzP\]£]mXnXzhpw h©\bpw NqjWhpsam∂pw cmjvSob

]h¿Ø\Øns≥d mKambn Hcp apkvenw kzoIcn°phm≥ ]mSn

√mØXmWvv.

Hcp cmjvSw CkvemanIamhp∂Xv AńadnbneqsStbm Xoh

hmZ]h¿Ø\ßfneqsStbm A√; ]XypX, `cWobcnep≠m

hp∂ a\x]cnh¿Ø\ßfneqsSbsX. AńadnbneqsS Ckvem

anI cmjvSw kvYm]n°Wsa∂v ]hmNI\v (k) hnNmcap≠mbn

cp∂psh¶n¬ At±lØns≥d ]hmNI PohnXØns≥d BZy

L´Øn¬ Xs∂ AXv km[yamIpambncp∂p. At±lØn\SpØv

Jpssdio ]Xn\n[nbmb DX-v_Øp_v\p d_oA h∂v Xs≥d

]t_m[\]h¿Ø\ßƒ \ndpØns®m¬ ]Wtam ]Xm]tam

XcpWnItfm A[nImctam F¥mWv Bhiysa∂vsh®m¬ AXv

\¬Imsa∂v ]d™t∏mƒ Hcp sNdnb Ańadn \SØnbm¬

aXnbmbncp∂p. ]hmNI\ntbmKØns≥d e£yw ]t£, Ańa

dnbneqsS CkvemanIcmjvSw \n¿a-n°pIbmbncp∂n√. ]XypX,

P\ßsf kwkvIcn°pIbpw kwkvIrXamb Hcp kaqlsØ

krjvSn®v temIØn\v amXrIbmhpIbpambncp∂p. Hcp Ckvem

anIcmjvSw \n¿a-n®v AXns≥d kmcYnbmhpIb√ ]hmNI≥

sNbvXXv; adn®v Hcp cmjvSØnseØnt®cphm\mhiyamb

kmaqlyhnπhØn\v ]mXsbmcp°pIbmbncp∂p.

CkvemanIcmjvSw F∂v ]dbptºmƒ Ckvemw YntbmIkn

AwKoIcn°p∂psh∂v sX‰n≤cn°phm\nSbp≠v. Ckvemw F√m

A¿Y-Ønepw YntbmIkn°v FXncmWv. ssZhØns≥d t]cn

¬ Hcp ]tXyI aX]ptcmlnX h¿K-w A[nImcw ssIbmfp∂

hyhkvYnXnbmWv YntbmIkn. ]ptcmlnX∑mcn¬ ]cnip≤m

flmhns≥d km∂n[yaps≠∂Xn\m¬ Ah¿ sX‰p ]‰mØhcm

sW∂ [mcWbmWv Cu hyhkvYnXnbpsS ASnØd. AXp

sIm≠p Xs∂ ssZhØns≥d t]cn¬ ]ptcmlnXkaqlw ]d

bp∂ \nbaßƒ Hcp YntbmIm‰nIv kvs‰bn‰n¬ tNmZyw

sNøs∏SmsX AwKoIcn°s∏Sp∂p. ]ptcmlnX≥ ssZhØn

s≥d ]Xn\n[nbmsW∂pw ssZhØns≥d qanbn¬ cWw \S

Øm\pw \nba\n¿amWØn∂pw ssZh]Xn\n[n°mWv

A[nImcsa∂pamWv YntbmIknbpsS ASnkvYm\ XØ-zw.

Ckvemw cWm[nImcn°v A]amZnXzaps≠t∂m Abmƒ ssZh

Øns≥d ]Xn\n[nbmsWt∂m ]Tn∏n°p∂n√. ssZhnI\nba

ßƒ°\pkcn®v hn[n \SØphm≥ P\ßfm¬ sXcs™Sp

°s∏´ Hcmƒ amXamWv Jeo^. AXpsIm≠mWt√m Jeo^m

Da¿ Hcp s]mXp]kwKØn¬ Xm≥ sX‰mb hgn°p \oßpI

bmsW¶n¬ Xs∂ XncpØWsa∂v P\ßtfmSv A`y¿Y-n

®t∏mƒ hmƒ Db¿Øn∏nSn®p sIm≠v "CXp sIm≠v Rßƒ

Xm¶sf XncpØpw' F∂v \n t¶mNw ]dbm≥ Hcp km[mcW

]uc≥ ss[cyw ImWn®Xv.

Hcp YntbmIm‰nIvkvt‰‰n¬ ]qtcmlnX≥ ssZh]Xn\n[nbm

bn´mWv ]cnKWn°Ws∏Sp∂sX∂Xn\m¬ Xs∂ Abmƒ ]d

bp∂Xv tNmZywsNømsX AwKoIcn°s∏Sp∂p. CkvemanI

cmjvSØnemhs´, ssZhnIhn[nhne°pIƒ ]Imcw cn°phm

\mbn sXcs™Sp°s∏´ Hcp km[mcW°mc\mWv Jeo^sb

∂Xn\m¬ AbmfpsS ]h¿Ø\ßsfbpw hnPvRm]\ß

sfbpw aXØns≥d aqe]amWßfp]tbmKn®v hna¿in°phm≥

Hmtcm ]uc\pw AhImiap≠v. hc≥ h[phn\v \¬tI≠ hnhm

laqeyw (alv¿) h¿[-n®p hcp∂Xv I≠ -Jeo^ AXn\v ]cn[n

\nivNbnt°≠Xns≥d BhiyIXsb°pdn®v Hcp s]mXp]

kwKØn¬ hyIvXam°n. kZ n¬ \n∂v Hcp kvXo Fgpt∂‰v

\n∂v ]amWßfpsS ASnkvYm\Ønep≈ \ymbßfp≤cn®v

AXns\ FXn¿Øp. \ymbßƒ icnbmsW∂v t_m[ys∏´ Jeo

^m Da¿ alv¿ \nb¥n°phm\p≈ Xs≥d Xocpam\w ]n≥hen

®p. Jeo^bpsS Xocpam\ßsfbpw hnPvRm]\ßsfbpw

GsXmcp km[mcW ]uc\pw hna¿in°m≥ Ignbp∂ Ckvem

anI cW kwhn[m\w YntbmIkn°v hn]coXamsW∂XmWv

hmkvXhw.

Jeo^bpsS hyIvXn]camb Imcyßsf°pdn®v t]mepw

tNmZywsNøphm\p≈ AhImiw CkvemanIcmjvSØnse

]uc∑m¿°p≠v. Hcn°¬ Jeo^m Da¿ Hcp s]mXp]kwKw

\SØns°m≠ncns° kZ n¬ \ns∂mcmƒ Fgpt∂‰v \n∂v

"Xm¶ƒ AWn™ tae¶nbpsS XpWn FhnsS \n∂v e`n®psh

∂v Adnbp∂Xphsc Xm¶ƒ ]dbp∂Xv tIƒ°m≥ Rßƒ



Xb-md√' F∂v ]d™p. P\ßƒ°v s]mXpJP\mhn¬ \n∂v

hkvXw hnXcWwsNbvX kµ¿àmbncp∂p AXv. F√mhscbpw

t]mse `cWm[nImcn°pw e`nt°≠Xv Xpey HmlcnbmsW

∂pw ]kvXpX Hmlcn D]tbmKn®v Dadn(d)\v DSp∏v Xbv°p

hm\mhns√∂pw a\ nem°nb Bfmbncp∂p tNmZyI¿Ømhv.

AbmfpsS hna¿i\Øns≥d D∂w a\ nem°nb Da¿ (d)

Xs≥d ]pX\mb A_vZp√sb(d)sb hnfn®v B tNmZyØn\v

DØcw \¬Im\mhiys∏´p. X\n°v e`n® HmlcnIqSn Xm≥

]nXmhn\v \¬Insb∂pw ]kvXpX c≠v HmlcnIƒ Iqń

t®¿ØmWv Xs≥d ]nXmhv hkvXw Xbv®sX∂pw A_vZp√(d)

hniZoIcn® tijamWv tNmZyI¿Ømhv ASßnbncp∂v

Jeo^bpsS ]kwKw XpScphm\\phZn®Xv. hntbmPn°phm\pw

hna¿in°phm\pap≈ kzmX¥yw CkvemanI cmjvSØnse

]uc∑mcpsS auenImhImiamsW∂v a\ nem°m≥ Csbmcp

kw`hw Xs∂ [mcmfamWv. CØcw kw`hßƒ CkvemanI

NcnXØnepS\ofw ImWmw.

F∂m¬ ssZhnI \nbaßfpsSbpw \n¿tZißfpsSbpw ASn

kvYm\Øn¬ `cW\n¿hlWw \SØp∂ Jeo^sb A\pk

cn°m≥ cmjvSØnse ]uc∑msc√mw _m[ykvYcmWv. ssIIm

cyI¿Øm°ƒ (Dep¬ Awdv) F∂v Jp¿B≥ hntijn∏n®ncn°p

∂Xv CØcw `cWI¿Øm°sfbmWv. Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂Xv

ImWpI: "kXyhnizmknItf, \nßƒ A√mlphns\ A\pkcn

°pI. (A√mlphns≥d) ZqXs\bpw \nßfn¬ \n∂p≈ ssIIm

cyI¿Øm°sfbpw (Dep¬ Awdv) \nßƒ A\pkcn°pI'.1

A√mlphns≥dbpw ZqXs≥dbpw \nba\n¿tZißƒ°v hnt[

bambn ]h¿Øn°ptºmƒ amXta Cu A\pkcWw _m[y

kvYamhp∂p≈qs∂v ]hmNI≥ (k) ]Tn∏n®n´p≠v. "hncq]\mb

Hcp ASnabmWv \nßfpsS t\Xmsh∂ncn°nepw ssZhØns≥d

KŸa\pkcn®v \nßsf \bn°p∂nStØmfw Absf \nßƒ

A\pkcn°W'2sa∂v \njvI¿jn® ]hmNI≥ Xs∂ "\∑bn¬

-]Tn∏n®n´p≠v. Chbn¬ \n∂v CkvemanIcmjvSØns≥d Jeo-

^ ssZhØns≥d ]Xn\n[nbmbn Ahtcm[nX\mbn X∂njvSw

]h¿Ønt°≠h\s√∂pw Aßs\ sNøp∂psh¶n¬

Abmsf A\pkcnt°≠ _m[yX hnizmknIƒ°ns√∂pw

hyIvXambn a\ nem°m≥ Ignbp∂p.

CkvemanIcmjvSw YntbmIm‰nIv As√¶n¬ UtamIm‰nIv

BtWmsb∂ tNmZyw ]kIvXamWv. P\ßƒ°v A`n]mbw

]dbphm\pw \oXnt\SnsbSp°phm\pap≈ kwhn[m\ßƒ

\ne\n¬°p∂ cmPyØn∂mWv sUtamIm‰nIv F∂p ]dbp

∂sX¶n¬ CkvemanIcmjvSw \qdpiXam\hpw UtamIm‰nIv

BsW∂v ]dbmhp∂XmWv. F∂m¬ P\lnXØns≥d t]cn¬

A[m¿a-nIXIfpw A\mimky]h¿Ø\ßfpw A\phZn°

s∏SpIsb∂mWv UtamIkn A¿Y-am°p∂sX¶n¬ AXn∂v

Ckvemw \qdp iXam\w FXncmWv. CkvemanI aqeyßfpsS

ASnkvYm\Øn¬ amXta cmjvSØn¬ P\lnXw \S∏m°s∏

SpIbp≈qsh∂v kmcw. `qcn]£w P\ßƒ hy`nNmcw km¿∆

XnIam°Wsa∂v A`n]mbw ]d™mepw CkvemanIcmjvS

Øn¬ hy`nNmcw A\phZn°s∏SpIbn√. ImcWw, AXv hnip≤

Jp¿B≥ ]Zm\w sNøp∂ aqeyk¶¬∏Øn\v hncp≤amWv. qcn

]£Øns≥d ]n¥pW t\SnsbSp°m≥ th≠n Ah¿°mhiyap

≈sX√mw sNbvXpsImSp°pIsb∂ P\mbØcmjvSobØn

s≥d IdpØ apJw CkvemanI cmjvSØn\p≠mhn√. AhnsS

P\lnXw ]cntim[n°s∏Sp∂Xv hyIvXamb [m¿a-nI \nbaß

fpsS shfn®Ønembncn°pw. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ `qcn]£Øn

\p th≠n F¥p tXm∂nhmkhpw sNøphm≥ CkvemanIcmjvS

Ønse `cWm[nImcnIƒ°v Ignbn√. Cu A¿Y-Øn¬, Ckv

emanI cmjvSw YntbmIkn°pw UtamIkn°pw as[ybmsW

∂p ]dbmw. Cu c≠p aoamwkIfnsebpw \√ hißƒ Ckvem

anIcmjvSw Dƒs°m≈p∂ps≠∂p kmcw.

Hcp cmjvSØnse \nbaßfpw AhnSpsØ ]uc∑mcpw XΩn

ep≈ _‘w cmjvSaoamwkbnse ][m\s∏´ hnjbßfnsem

∂mWv. P\m[n]Xy cmjvSØn¬ \nba\n¿a-mWw \SØp∂Xv

P\]Xn\n[n k`bmsW¶nepw ]uc\v X∂n¬ ASnt®¬∏n°

1.- Jp¿-B≥- 4: 592.- ap-kv-enw-3.- _p-Jm-cn-,- ap-kv-enw-



s∏Sp∂hbmbn´mWv \nbaßƒ A\p`hs∏Sp∂sX∂mWv

kmaqln imkvXPvR∑mcpsS ]£w. D]t`mKkwkvImcw \ne

\n¬Ip∂ kaqlØn¬ Cu hnImcw A¬]-w XojvWambncn

°pw. Xs≥d kpJn°phm\p≈ AhImiØnt∑¬ cmjvSw

ASnt®¬∏n°p∂ hne°pIfmbn´mWv \nbaßƒ AØcw kaq

lßfnse ]uc∂v A\p`hs∏SpI. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ \nba

Øns≥d Ipcp°pIfn¬ \n∂v c£s∏Sm≥ Ah≥ ]camh[n

ian°pw. AgnaXnbpw h©\bpw P\m[n]XyØns≥d Dt]m¬

]-∂ambn amdp∂Xv AXpsIm≠mWv. CkvemanIcmjvSØnem

Is´, Xm≥ A\pkcn°p∂Xv ssZhnI\nbaßfmsW∂ [mcW

bp≈Xn\m¬ \nbaewL\ßƒ Ipdhmbncn°pw. Xs≥d uXn

Ihpw ]mcXnIhpamb tam£Øn\v A\nhmcyamb \nbaß

fmWv Xm≥ A\pkcn°p∂sX∂ [mcW ]ucs\ cmjvSt

ØmSp Iqdp≈h\m°nØo¿°pw. k¿th-m]cnbmbn \nba]meI

cpsS IÆpshń®mepw \nbaZmXmhmb ]S®Xºpcms≥d IÆp

shń°m≥ km[yas√∂ hnizmkw Ahs\ CkvemanI

cmjvSØnse \nbaßƒ ]ckyambpw clkyambpw A\pkcn

°p∂h\m°nØo¿°pw. AXmWv Hcp Zp¿_e \nanjØn¬

hy`nNcn®pt]mb CkvemanI cmjvSØnse ]ucs\ Kh¨

sa≥dn\p apºn¬ ]Xy£s∏´v Xm≥ sNbvX sX‰v G‰p]d™v

in£ inckmhln°p∂h\m°nØo¿ØXv. clkyambp≈

\nbaewL\Øn¬ \n∂pt]mepw cmjvSØnse ]uc∑msc

XSbphm≥ X°hÆap≈ cmjvSkwhn[m\w krjvSn°phm≥

Ckveman∂√msX at‰Xv XØ-zimkvXØn\mWv Ig™n´p≈Xv?

CkvemanIcmjvSØnse \nba\n¿amWØns≥d ASnkvYm\

tkmX pIƒ hnip≤ Jp¿B\pw Xncpkp∂ØpamWv. Ch

bpsS ASnkvYm\ØnemWv Jeo^ \oXn \n¿h-lnt°≠Xv.

\oXn kvYm]n°phm≥ `cWXeØn¬ kzoIcnt°≠ kvYmbn

bmb ASnkvYm\aqeyßƒ amXamWv Jp¿B≥ A\pimkn®n

cn°p∂Xv. \oXn\ymbØns≥d hniZmwißƒ Jp¿B\n¬ ]cm

a¿in°s∏ńń√. ImeØn\pw ]cnXxkvYnXnIƒ°pa\pkcn®v

P\ßfpsS Bhiyßƒ°v am‰ap≠mIpsa∂Xn\m¬ hniZamb

\nbaßƒ Hmtcm kaqlØns≥dbpw Xm¬]cyßƒ°\p

krXambn \n¿a-n°phm≥ Ckvemw kzmX¥yw \¬Ip∂Xn

\memWnXv. kvYeImeßƒ°\pkcn®v am‰whcmØ s]mXp

\nbaßƒ \n¿tZ-in°pIbpw hniZmwißƒ Hmtcm kaql

Øns≥dbpw Xm¬]cyØn\p tbmPn®hn[w Xbmdm°m≥ hnSpI

bpamWv Ckvemw sNbvXncn°p∂Xv. ]t£, Cu hniZmwißƒ

Jp¿B\ns≥dbpw kp∂Øns≥dbpw Xm¬]cyßƒ°v hncp≤

amhcpXv. C°mcyw i≤nt°≠Xv JeoâmcpsS NpaXebmWv.

CtXt]mseØs∂bmWv Ckvemanse sXcs™Sp∏v coXn

bpw. ]hmNI≥ (k) Xs≥d ]n≥Kmansb \nivNbn°msXbmWv

tZlhntbmKw sNbvXXv. Hcp Kh¨sa≥dv cq]oIcWØns≥d

\nivNnXcq]w ]hmNI≥ (k) ImWn®p X∂nń√. F∂m¬,

cmjvSØns≥d auenIkz`mhßfpw khntijXIfpsas¥√m

amsW∂v I¿a-]YØneqsS At±lw ImWn®p X∂n´p≠v.

]kvXpX khntijXIfneq∂n \n∂psIm≠v kµ¿`Øns\m

Ø Kh¨sa≥dv cq]oIcWcoXn kzoIcn°phm\p≈ hn]peam

b km[yX°v AwKoImcw \¬IpIbmWv ]hmNI≥ sNbvXXv.

cq]oIcWØns≥d coXntb°mf[nIw ][m\w Kh¨sa≥dv

Fßs\ \oXn\n¿hln°Wsa∂Xpw ]uc∑mcpw Kh¨sa

≥dpw XΩn¬ \ne\n¬t°≠ _‘sa¥mbncn°Wsa∂Xp

amWv. C°mcyßfnte°mWv ]hmNI≥ Xs≥d PohnXØneq

sS shfn®w ]I¿∂ncn°p∂Xv.

Xs≥d ]n≥Kmansb \nivNbn°msXbmWv ]hmNI≥(k)

tZlhntbmKw sNbvXsX∂p ]d™pht√m. hwihmgvN°v bm

sXmcp ]gpXpw \¬ImsXbmWv At±lw acWaS™Xv.

CkvemanI`cWw Xs≥d IpSpw_Øns≥d AhImiambn

am‰Wsa∂v At±lØn\v Dt±iap≠mbncps∂¶n¬ \njv]

bmkw km[n°pambncp∂p. lminaohwihmgvN°pth≠n ian

°msX A°mcyw P\ßfpsS Xocpam\Øn\v hn´psImSp°pI

bmWv Xncp\_n(k) sNbvXXv. ]hmNI hntbmKØn\ptijw

Kh¨sa≥dv cq]oIcWØns≥d ]iv\w A\pNc∑m¿ ssI

Imcyw sNbvXXv At±lw ]Tn∏n® auenIXXzßfpsS ASnkv

Ym\Øn¬ \n∂psIm≠mbncp∂p. aplΩZv \_n(k)bpsS

acWtijw arXtZlw kwkvIcn°p∂Xn\v apºpXs∂ A\p



Nc∑m¿ kJo-^Øp _\o kCuZn¬ HØpIqSn. N¿®Iƒ°p

tijw ]hmNIm\pNc∑mcn¬ ]apJ\mb A_q_°¿ (d)

Fgpt∂‰p\n∂v Da¿, A_q Dss_ZØp¬ P¿dmlv F∂nhcpsS

t]cp \n¿tZin®psIm≠v Ahcnsemcmsf sXcs™Sp°phm

\mhiys∏´p. DSs\ Da¿(d) "Xm¶tf°mƒ AXn∂¿l\mbn

a‰mcpan√' F∂p ]d™v A_q_°dnt\mSv ssI\o´phm≥ Bh

iys∏SpIbpw At∏mƒ Xs∂ At±lØns≥d Icw Kln®p

sIm≠v A\pkcW ]XnPvR (ss_AØv) sNøpIbpw sNbv

Xp. AXn∂ptijw F√mhcpw AXn∂v AwKoImcw \¬IpIbpw

A_q_°dn\v ss_AØv sNøpIbpw sNbvXp.

c≠mw Jeo^bmb Dadn(d)s\ \nban®Xv A_q_°¿ (d)

Bbncp∂p. At±lw Xs≥d ]n≥Kmanbmbn Hcmsf sXcs™

Sp°phm≥ P\ßtfmSv Bhiys∏´p. At∏mƒ ]kvXpX sXc

s™Sp∏n\p≈ apgph≥ A[nImchpw P\ßƒ At±lØn\v

Xs∂ \¬In. H∂mw Jeo^ A_q_°¿(d) Xs≥d ]n≥Kman

BcmIWsa∂ hnjbsØ°pdn®v A_vZpdlvam\p_v\p Hu v,

Dkvam\p_v\p A^v-^m≥, kCuZp_v\psskZv, DsskZp_v\p

lpssk¿ XpSßnb ]K¬`cpambn BtemNn® tijw ]kvXp

X kvYm\Øn\v A¿l≥ Da¿(d) Xs∂bmsW∂v Xocpam\Øn

seØn. Jeo^bmbn \nban°s∏SbpS≥ Da¿(d) sNbvX s]mXp

]kwKØn¬ At±lw ]d™p: "\nßfpsS taep≈ Cu A[n

ImckvYm\w Rms\mcn°epw BKln®ncp∂X√. ]tcXs≥d

a\ n¬ A√mlp tXm∂n® Hcp ImcyamWXv. F∂n¬ `cta

¬∏n°s∏´ Cu "A\maØv' A\¿lcmb Bscsb¶nepw G¬

∏n°Wsa∂v Rm≥ hnNmcn°p∂n√. F∂m¬, apkvenwIfpsS

A¥ v Db¿Øphm≥ Ignbpsa∂v ]Xo£n°p∂ B¿°pw

Cu kvYm\w G¬]-n°phm≥ Rms\mcp°amWv. AhcmWv

AXn∂v IqSpX¬ A¿l¿.' CXv tI´ P\ßƒ H∂S¶w Xßfn

jvSs∏Sp∂Xv Dadns\Øs∂bmsW∂v ]Jym]n°pIbmWp

≠mbXv.

Hcp LmXIs≥d IptØ‰v acWiøbn¬ InS°p∂ Dadn(d)

t\mSv Xs≥d ]n≥Kmansb \nivNbn°phm≥ th≠n apkvenwIƒ

Bhiys∏´p. At±lw Dkvam\p_v\p A v m≥, Aenøp_v\p

A_oXzmen_v, A_vZp¿dlvam\p_v\p Hu^v, kpss_dp_v\p

Ahmw, Xz¬lØp_v\p Dss_Zn√mlv, kAvZp_v\p A_oh

Jmkv F∂nhcpƒs°m≈p∂ Hcp BdwK kanXn cq]oIcn®v

Ahcn¬ \n∂v Hcmsf Jeo^bmbn sXcs™Sp°phm≥ ]kv

XpX kanXnsbØs∂ NpaXes∏SpØn. Xs≥d aI\mb

A_vZp√mlv_v\p Dadns\ IqSnbmtemN\bn¬ klmbn°phm

\mbn kanXnbnte°v £Wn°Wsa∂v \n¿tZ-in®tXmsSm∏w

Xs∂ At±lsØ sXcs™Sp°cpsX∂pw Da¿(d) \njvI¿

jn®ncp∂p. kanXn ktΩfn®t∏mƒ Xs∂ A_vZpdlvam\p_v\p

Hu^v kvYm\m¿Y-nXzØn¬ \n∂v ]n≥hmßn. At∏mƒ P\ß

fpambn kº¿°Ønte¿s∏´v Ah¿ BKln°p∂ hyIvXnbp

sS t]cv \n¿tZin°\mbn kanXn At±lsØ NpaXes∏SpØn.

P\ßfpambp≈ kº¿°Øn¬ \n∂v Ah¿ CjvSs∏Sp∂Xv

Dkvams\bpw AensbbpamsW∂pw `qcn]£w Dkvamt\msSm

∏amsW∂pw At±lw a\ nem°n. apkvenwIsf apgph≥ AXn

∂ptijw At±lw aZo\bnse akvPnZp∂_hnbn¬ hnfn®p

Iqń. "Xm¶sf A[nImcta¬∏n®m¬ A√mlphns≥d KŸhpw

Xncp\_nbpsS Ncybpw ]q¿h-nIcmb c≠p Jeo^-amcpsS

Ncybpw A\pkcn®v cWw \SØptam?' Aensb A`nkwt_m

[\ sNbvXpsIm≠v A_dplvam\n_v\p Hu^v tNmZn®p.

"Ignh\pkcn®v \SØpw' F∂mWv Aen(d) adp]Sn \¬InbXv.

CtX tNmZyw Dkvamt\mSv tNmZn®t∏mƒ "AsX'sb∂v A\p_

‘sam∂pw IqSmsX At±lw adp]Sn \¬In. DSs\Øs∂

A_vZpdlvam\p_v\p Hu^v Dkvams≥d Icw Kln®psIm≠v

A\pkcW ]XnPvR sNbvXp. XpS¿∂v a‰p apkvenwIsf√mw

At±lØn\v ss_AØv sNbvXp.

Dkvam≥(d) h[n°s∏´t∏mƒ ssk\yØeh∑m¿ h∂v

Aen(d) tbmSv A[nImctas‰Sp°m\mhiys∏´p. Aen(d) A[n

Imctas‰Sp°phm≥ hnkΩXn°pIbmWp≠mbXvv. aZo\bnse

XeapXn¿∂ t\Xm°ƒ sN∂v I≠v A[nImctas‰Sp°m≥

Bhiys∏´t∏mƒ ]≈nbn¬sh®v s]mXpss_AØv \S°p

IbmsW¶n¬ Xm≥ A[nImctas‰Sp°msa∂v At±lw

kΩXn®p. Aßs\ aZo\bnse akvPnZp∂_hnbn¬ apkvenw



_lpP\ßƒ ktΩfn®p ss_AØv sNbvX tijamWv Aen

(d) A[nImctas‰SpØXv.

k®cnXcmbncp∂ \mep JeoâmcpsS sXcs™Sp∏v coXn

Iƒ hyXykvXambncp∂psh¶nepw Ahbnse√mw s]mXpP\m`n

]mbØn\v A¿lamb kvYm\w \¬Is∏ńcp∂psh∂v apIfn¬

hnhcn® NcnXØn¬ \n∂v hyIvXamWv. Ckvemans≥d ASnkv

Ym\XXzßfn¬ \n∂v hyXnNen°msX kabm\pkrXamb

sXcs™Sp∏pcoXn kzoIcn°phm≥ Ckvemw kzmX¥yw

\¬Inbncn°p∂psh∂v kmcw.

a‰p cmjvSkwhn[m\ßfnteXp t]mse CkvemanIcmjvS

Ønepw \nba\n¿amWk` (legislature), \n¿hlW hn`mKw (executive), \oXn\ymbhn`mKw (judiciary) XpSßnbh \ne\n¬

°p∂p. ]hmNIs≥dbpw k®cnXcmb Jeo^-amcpsSbpw

NcnXØn¬ \n∂v ChbpsS LS\tbbpw kz`mhsØbpw Ipdn

®v \ap°v a\ nem°phm≥ Ignbpw.

CkvemanI cmjvSØns≥d \mbI≥ Jeo-^bmsW∂v ]d

™pht√m. hnip≤ Jp¿B\nepw ]hmNINcybnepw hyIvXam

°s∏´ ASnkvYm\XXzßƒ°\pkrXambn cmjvSsØ \bn

°pIbmWv Jeo-^bpsS DØchmZnØw. Jp¿B\nepw kp∂

Ønepw hyIvXambn hnhcn°s∏SmØ H´\h[n ]iv\ßƒ

Hcp cmjvSØn\v ssIImcyw sNtø≠Xmbn hcpat√m. cmjvSo

b]iv\ßfn¬ JfinXamb \nbaßtf°mf[nIw ]men°s∏

tS≠ XXzßfmWv hnip≤Jp¿B≥ ]cma¿in°p∂Xv. Cu

XØ-zßfpsS shfn®Øn¬, Ckvemans≥d Bflmhn\nWßp∂

hn[Øn¬ \nba\n¿ΩmWw \StØ≠Xv Jeo- bpsS _m[yX

bmWv. Cu \nbaßƒ \n¿a-nt°≠Xv Jeo^bpsS X∂njvS]

Imca√; ]XypX IqSnbmtemN\bneqsSbmWv. IqSnbmtemN\m

kanXnsbbmWv CkvemanIcmjvSØn¬ "iqdm' F∂p hnfn

°p∂Xv. ]hmNI≥t]mepw cmjvSobamb ]iv\ßƒ IqSnbm

temN\bneqsSbmbncp∂p Xocpam\n®ncp∂sX∂v ImWm≥

Ignbpw. "Imcyßfn¬ \o AhtcmSv IqSnbmtemNn°pIbpw

sNøpI'1 F∂mWv ]hmNIt\mSp≈ ssZhnII¬]-\. A_q

lpdbvd(d) ]dbp∂p: "]hmNIs\t∏mse kz¥w A\pbmbnI

fpambn CXtbsd IqSnbmtemN\ sNøp∂ as‰mcp hyIvXnsb

bpw Rm≥ I≠nń√'.1

A\pbmbnIfpambn IqSnbmtemNn°pIbpw AhcpsS A`n

]mbßƒ am\n°pIbpw sNbvX Bfmbncp∂p ]hmNI≥(k).

_Zv¿ bp≤thfbn¬ BZyw sXcs™SpØ Xmhfw am‰nbXpw

DlvZvbp≤Øn\v ]pds∏´Xpw J≥ZJv bp≤kabØv KXv^m≥

tKmXhpambn k‘nsNøm\p≈ Xs≥d Xocpam\w am‰nbXp

sa√mw A\pbmbnIfpambn IqSnbmtemNn®tijambncp∂p.

]hmNI∂p tijw Jeoâmcpw \nba\n¿a-mWØns≥dbpw

\n¿h-lWØns≥dbpw hnjbØn¬ kaqlhpambn IqSnbmtem

Nn®ncp∂psh∂v ImWm\mhpw. Ckvemw A\pimkn°p∂ IqSn

bmtemN\ kaqlØnse samØw AwKßtfmtSm `qcn]£

tØmtSm A√; adn®v kaqlØn¬ \n∂v sXcs™SpØncn°p

∂ Imcyt_m[ap≈ P\]Xn\n[nIfpambn´mWv. Cu P\]Xn

\n[nk` (iqd)bmWv Jp¿B\nepw kp∂Ønepw hyIvXamb

am¿§\n¿tZiw e`n°mØ hnjbßfn¬ \nba\n¿a-mWw \S

tØ≠Xv. IqSnbmtemN\mkanXnbpsS sXcs™Sp∏pw Jeo^

bpsS sXcs™Sp∏pt]mseØs∂ hyIvXamb \n¿t±ißfn

√mØ ImcyamWv. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ ]cnXkvYnXn°\pkcn®v

GXp sXcs™Sp∏v coXnbpw kzoIcn°phm≥ CkvemanIkaq

lØn\v kzmX¥yap≠v.

CkvemanIcmjvSØns≥d Xm¬]cyßƒs°mØv kaql

sØ \bn°pIbmWv \n¿h-lW hn`mKØns≥d NpaXe. Cu

hn`mKØns≥d ta¬t\m´w Jeo^°mbncn°pw. \nba\n¿h-l

WØn\v Fs¥√mw am¿K-ßƒ Ahew_n°Wsa∂v Xocpam\n

°p∂Xv iqdtbmSv IqSnbmtemNn®n´mbncn°Ww. \nbaw \S∏m

°p∂Xn\mihyamb coXnbn¬ A[nImchntIµoIcWw

\SØm\pw DtZymKÿ∑msc \nban°m\psa√map≈ _m[yX

Jeo^°mWv. Jeo^ CXp sNtø≠Xv IqSnbmtemN\bneq

sSbmbncn°Wsa∂p amXw. hnip≤ Jp¿B\pw ]hmNINcy

bpa\pkcn®v \n¿∆lW hn`mKw ]h¿Øn°p∂nStØmfw

1.- Jp¿-B≥- 3: 159 1.- _p-Jm-cn-



Ahsc A\pkcnt°≠Xv CkvemanI cmjvSØnse ]ucs≥d

_m[yXbmWv. ]hmNI≥(k) ]d™p: "\∑bn¬ amXsa

A\pkcWap≈q; sX‰n¬ A\pkcWan√'.1

X¿°]iv\ßfn¬ hnip≤Jp¿B\ns≥dbpw Xncpkp∂Øn

s≥dbpw ASnkvYm\Øn¬ hn[n \¬IpIbmWv CkvemanIcm

jvSØnse \oXn\ymbhn`mKØns≥d [¿aw. ]hmNIs≥d

ImeØv PpUojydnbpsSbpw FIvknIyqóhns≥dbpw A[nIm

cw At±lØn¬ \n£n]vXambncp∂p. apkvenw kaqlØns≥d

in£Is\∂ \nebv°v AsXmcp A\nhmcyXbmbncp∂p.

F∂m¬ ]hmNI\ptijw Cu A\nhmcyX Ahtijn°p∂n

√. amXhpa√, k®cnXcmb JeoâmcpsS ImeØv \oXn\ymb

hn`mKw \n¿h-lW hn`mKØn¬ \n∂v XnI®pw kzX¥ambncp

∂psh∂v ImWm≥ Ignbpw. PUvPnamsc \nban®ncp∂Xv Jeo^

bmbncp∂psh¶nepw ]n∂oSv AhcpsS Xocpam\ßsf kzm[o

\n°phmt\m Ahsc DtZymKØn¬ \n∂v ]ncn®b°phmt\m

Jeo-^°v A[nImcap≠mbncp∂n√. Jeo^s°Xnscbp≈

tIkpIfn¬ at‰sXmcp ]ucs\bpw t]mse amXsa Jeo^bpw

]cnKWn°s∏Sm≥ ]mSp≈qsh∂mWv Ckvemw ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv.

Jeo^m Dadns≥d `cWImeØv Jeo^bpƒs∏Sp∂ Hcp

tIkn\pth≠n At±lw tImSXnbns¬Ønbt∏mƒ Xn\°v

]tXyI Ccn∏nSw \¬In _lpam\n°phm≥ Xp\n™ \ymbm

[n]\mb sskZv_v\p km_nØnt\mSv Da¿(d) ]d™ hcnIƒ

it≤bamWv: "Dadns\bpw Hcp km[mcW apkvenans\bpw

Xpeyambn ImWmØnStØmfw sskZv \ymb[n]kvYm\Øn\

¿l\√'.

CkvemanIcmjvSØnse ]uc∑mcpsS Poh\pw kzØpw

kwc£nt°≠ NpaXe cmjvSØn\mWp≈Xv. HcmfpsS auen

ImhImißfn¬ s]´XmWv Pohn°m\p≈ AhImihpw

kzØp kºmZn°phm\p≈ AhImihpw. Pohs≥d kwc£W

Øn\v Ckvemw \¬Ip∂ ]m[m\yw hfsc hepXmWv. Jp¿B≥

]dbp∂Xv ImWpI: "A√mlp ]hnXX \¬Inbn´p≈ Pohs\

\nßƒ l\n°cpXv'2

]uc∑mcpsS Poh≥ kwc£n°p∂Xv Hcp _m[yXbmbn

IW°m°p∂ CkvemanI cmjvSØn\v A\ymbamb sIme]m

XIßƒ XSbphm≥ I¿i\amb \nbaßfmhiyambnhcp∂p.

C]Imcap≈ \nbaßfnsem∂mWv sIme]mXIn°v sIme

Xs∂ in£bmbn \¬IpIsb∂Xv. ]hnXamb Hcp Pohs\

l\n® Ip‰hmfn h[in£bn¬ Ipd™ bmsXm∂pw A¿ln°p

∂ns√∂XmWv hmkvXhw. "sIme°p sIme'sb∂ \nbaw

]mtbmKnIambn ]mh¿ØnIam°p∂XneqsS amXta B[p\n

I temIØnse sIme]mXI kwkvImcØn\v AdpXn hcn

Ibp≈q. hnip≤Jp¿B≥ ]d™sXX icn! "kXyhnizmknI

sf, sImesNøs∏Sp∂hcpsS ImcyØn¬ Xpey in£ \S∏m

°pI F∂Xv \nßƒ°v \nbaam°s∏ńcn°p∂p'.1

"_p≤nam≥amtc, (Aßs\) Xpeyin£ \¬Ip∂XnemWv

PohnXØns≥d \ne\n¬∏v. \nßƒ kq£vaX ]men°p∂Xn\p

th≠nbsX CXvv.'2

A\phZ\obamb am¿KßfneqsS kzØv kºmZn°phm≥

CkvemanI cmjvSØnse Hmtcm ]uc∂pw AhImiap≠v. h©

\, ]pgvØnsh∏v, sIm≈em`w, ]eni, ssI°qen XpSßnbhbm

Wv A\\phZ\obamb kºmZyam¿Kßƒ. HmtcmcpØcpw

kºmZn® kzØns≥d DSamhImiw hyIvXnIƒ°p Xs∂bmWv.

AXn¬ \n∂v k°mØv, a‰p \nIpXnIƒ F∂nh \¬Iphm≥

]uc≥ \n¿_‘nX\mWv. AXpIgn™p≈ ]ucs≥d kzØv

kwc£nt°≠ NpaXe cmjvSØn\p≈XmWv. AXn\m¬ ]kv

XpX Bhiym¿Y-hpw iIvXamb \nbaßƒ BhnjvIcn°phm

≥ cmjvSw \n¿_‘nXamWv. kºØv sIm≈sNøp∂Xv Kuch

tadnb Hcp Ip‰IrXyambnØs∂bbmWv Ckvemw ImWp∂Xv.

X\n°v Hcp \nebv°pw AhImian√mØ hkvXp°ƒ tamjvSn

°p∂bmfpsS ssI apdn°phm\mWv Jp¿B≥ A\pimkn°p

∂Xv. "tamjvSn°p∂hs≥dbpw tamjvSn°p∂hfpsSbpw ssI

Iƒ apdn®pIfbpI. Ah¿ kºmZn®Xn∂p≈ ]Xn-êhpw

A√mlphn¶¬ \n∂p≈ amXrIm]camb in£bpamWXv. A√m

1.- _p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-en-w-2.- Jp-¿-B≥- 17: 23

1. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 1782. Jp¿-B≥- 2: 179



lp ]Xm]nbpw bpIvXnam\pamIp∂p'1.

A`nam\kwc£WØn\v Ckvemw \¬Ip∂ kvYm\w hfsc

alØmbXmWvv. ]hmNI≥ (k) ]d™p: "h√h\pw A]cs≥d

A`nam\Øn\v £Xta¬∏n°pItbm AXnIaw ]h¿Øn°p

Itbm sNbvXn´ps≠¶n¬ [\hpw kºØpw D]Imcs∏SmØ

B Zn\w hs∂Øp∂Xn\p apºvv ChnsS sh®p Xs∂ AXv

am∏m°ns°m≈s´. A√mØ]£w A¥yZn\Øn¬ Ahs≥d

k¬I¿aßƒ BIan°s∏´h∂v ]Icw \¬Ip∂Xmbncn°pw.

Ahs≥d ]°¬ k¬°¿aßsfm∂pans√∂v hcnIbmsW¶n¬

BIan°s∏´hs≥d ZpjvIrXyßƒ Ahs≥d ta¬ NpaØ

s∏Sp∂Xmbncn°pw.'2

CkvemanIcmjvSØnse ]uc∑mcpsS A`nam\w kwc£n

t°≠Xv cmjvSØns≥d DØchmZnØamWv. A]mhmZ]Nmc

I∑m¿ ][m\ambpw hy`nNmcmtcm]WamWv A`nam\£Xw

hcpØphm\mbn D]tbmKn°mdp≈Xv. CØcw A]hmZ ]Nm

cWßƒ A`nam\£Xw hcpØpI amXa√, henb kmaqly

]iv\ßƒ°p ImcWamhpI IqSn sNøp∂p. ]et∏mgpw IpSpw

__‘ßsf XI¿°p∂Xn\pw kaqlsØ OnZam°p∂Xn

∂pw CØcw ]NmcWßƒ \nanØamIp∂p. AXpsIm≠pX

s∂ A]hmZ]NmcWØn\v iIvXamb in£ Xs∂bmWv

Ckvemw A\pimkn°p∂Xv. Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂Xv ImWpI:

"NmcnXhXnIfpsS ta¬ (hy`nNmcw) Btcm]n°pIbpw F∂n v

\mep km£nIsf sIm≠phcmXncn°pIbpw sNøp∂hsc

\nßƒ 80 ASn ASn°pI. AhcpsS km£yw \nßƒ Hcn°epw

kzoIcn°pIbpw sNøcpXv. Ah¿ Xs∂bmIp∂p A[¿Ω

ImcnIƒ'.3

Ckvemw kZmNmcØn\v \¬Ip∂ ]m[m\yw hfsc hepXm

Wv. kZmNmcclnXamb kmaqlyPohnXw IpSpw_]iv\ßƒ

°pw admhym[nIƒ°pw ImcWamIp∂p. kZmNmc\njvTbp≈

Hcp kaqlØns≥d krjvSnbmWv Ckvemans≥d e£yw. AXn

∂mhiyamb \nbaßƒ Ckvemw BhnjvIcn°p∂p≠v. hy`nNm

cØn\p≈ in£mhn[nIƒ Cu hn`mKØnemWv Dƒs∏Sp∂Xv.

hy`nNmcØn\v hnhmlnX¿°pw AhnhmlnX¿°pw sht∆sd

in£mhn[nIfmWv Ckvemw G¿s∏SpØnbncn°p∂Xv.

AhnhmlnX¿ hy`nNcn®m¬ \qdv ASn ASn°Wsa∂mWv

ssZhI¬]\. Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂Xv ImWpI: "hy`nNcn°p∂

kvXo ]pcpj∑mcn¬ HmtcmcpØscbpw \nßƒ \qdv ASn

ASn°pI'1.

hnhmlnX¿ hy`nNcn®m¬ Ahsc Fdn™psIm√Wsa∂m

Wv ]hmNINcybn¬ \n∂v a\ nem°m≥ Ignbp∂Xv. Cu

in£Iƒ \S∏m°Wsa¶n¬ H∂pIn¬ hy`nNcn®h¿ kzbw

Ip‰kΩXw \SØpItbm AXs√¶n¬ kXyk‘cmb \mep

km£nIƒ t\cn´v I≠v kw`hw kXyamsW∂v t_m[ys∏

SpØpItbm thWw. ]hmNIs≥d ImeØv hy`nNmc°p‰Øn\v

Is√dn™p sIm√pIsb∂ in£mhn[n \S∏m°nb kw`hß

fn¬ ]XnIƒ Ip‰kΩXw \SØnbXns≥d ASnkvYm\Ønem

bncp∂p Ah \S∏m°nbncp∂sX∂v ImWm\mhpw. hy`nNmc°p

‰w \mep km£nIfpsS kXyk‘amb samgnbpsS ASnkvYm\

Øn¬ sXfnbpIsb∂Xv Ffp∏a√. \mep km£nIfn¬ Hcmfp

sS samgn IfhmsW∂p h∂m¬ \mept]cpw hy`nNmcmtcm]

WØn\v in£n°s∏Spsat∂m¿°pI. hy`nNmcmtcm]WØn\v

bmsXmcp ]gpXpan√mXncn°phm\mWv sXfnhns≥d Imcyw

Ckvemw CXb[nIw I¿i\am°nbncn°p∂Xv. \mep km£n

Ifp≠mIpamdv hy`nNmc°p‰w sNbvXh¿°v iIvXamb in£

\¬ImXncn°p∂Xv KpcpXcamb kmaqlytcmKßƒ°v ImcW

amhpsa∂mWv Ckvemans≥d ImgvN∏mSv.

CkvemanI cmjvSØn¬ \S∏mt°≠ in£mhn[nIsf°p

dn®v ]cma¿in°ptºmƒ HcpImcyw hyIvXamt°≠Xps≠∂v

tXm∂p∂p. Ip‰hmfnIsf in£n°pIb√, ]XypX, Ip‰IrXy

ßfn√mØ Hcp kaqlsØ krjvSn°pIbmWv Ckvemans≥d

e£ysa∂ hkvXpXbmWXv. sIme]mXInsb sIm√pItbm

tamjvSmhns≥d ssI sh´pItbm hy`nNmcnIsf ASn°pItbm1. Jp¿-B≥- 5: 382.- _p-Jm-cn-3.- Jp¿-B≥- 24:4 1.- Jp¿-B≥- 24:2



H∂pa√, sImebpw sIm≈bpw A[m¿a-nIhrØnIfpan√mØ

Hcp kaqlsØ krjvSn°pIbmWv Ckvemans≥d e£yw.

CXn\v I¿i\amb in£m\nbaßƒ BhiyamsW∂mWv

Ckvemans≥d ]£w. hyIvXnkzmX¥yØns≥dbpw ]cnjvImc

Øns≥dbpw t]cn¬ IpØgn™ PohnXw A\phZn°p∂ "]cn

jvIrX'\mSpIfn¬ Ip‰IrXyßƒ h¿[n®phcp∂Xns≥d Imc

Ww AhnSsØ kaqlØns≥d [m¿a-nImSnØdbpsS ]nghpw

iIvXamb in£m\nbaßfpsS A`mhhpamsW∂mWv kmaqly

imkvXPvRcpsS ]£w. Ip‰IrXyßfn¬ \n∂v apIvXamb Hcp

kaqlØns≥d krjvSn°v iIvXamb in£m\nbaßƒ Bhiy

amsW∂ Ckvemans≥d ImgvN∏mSv \qdv iXam\hpw am\hnIam

sW∂v kmcw.

Ckv-emw in£mhn[nIƒ \S∏m°m≥ Blzm\w sNøp∂Xv

Ahbv°v bmsXmcp ]gpXpan√mØ Hcp kaqlXns≥d krjvSn

km[n® tijamsW∂ hkvXpX ]tXyIw ]cma¿in°s∏tS

≠XmWv. Ip‰IrXyßƒ°v t]cW \¬Ip∂ ]cnXxkvYnXnI

ƒ C√mXm°nbXn∂p tijhpw Ip‰IrXyßfnte¿s∏Sp∂h¿

°mWv ITn\amb in£ hn[n°phm≥ Ckvemw I¬]n°p∂Xv.

Ckvemw A\pimkn°p∂ cq]Ønep≈ kI-mØv kºZmbw

\S∏m°pI hgn km[mcW°mc\n¬ \n∂v ]ńWnbpw Zmcn

Zyhpw XpS®pam‰nb tijhpw P\ßfpsS sskzcPohnXØn\v

òjWnbpb¿Øp∂ tamjvSm°ƒ \ne\n¬°p∂psh¶n¬

AhcpsS Icw tOZn®psIm≠v kaqlØn\v amXrI ImWn®p

sImSp°Wsa∂mWv Ckvemw ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. iIvXamb in£m

kºZmbØns≥d A`mhØn¬ ]kvXpX Ip‰IrXyw s]cpIp

sa∂ Ckvemans≥¿ ImgvN∏mSv \qdp iXam\hpw icnbmsW∂v

kaImeo\kw`h-ßƒ hyIvXam°p∂p. sXmgnen√mbvabpw

ZmcnZhpw \ne\n¬°p∂ Hcp kaqlØn¬, Ip‰hmfnIsf hf¿

Øm\mhiyamb F√m kmlNcyßfpap≈t∏mƒ, tamjvSmhn

s≥d ssI tOZn®pIfbm≥ Ckvemw hn[n°p∂n√. cmPyØv

£maw ]S¿∂p]nSn®ncp∂ kabØv Hcp tamjvSmhns\ Jeo^m

Dadns≥d k∂n[nbn¬ lmPcm°nbt∏mƒ Abmƒ ]ńWnaqew

tamjWØn\v \n¿_‘nX\mbncn°msa∂ ImcWØm¬

Abmsf shdpsX hn´Xmbp≈ NcnXØn¬ \n∂v C°mcyw

hfsc hyIvXambn a\ nem°mhp∂XmWv. CXp Xs∂bmWv

F√m in£mhn[nIfnepap≈ Ckvemans≥d \ne]mSv. hy`nNmc

Øn\v hiwhZamIØ° coXnbnep≈ ssewKnIm`mkßsf√mw

D∑qe\w sNbvX tijamWv hy`nNmcØn\p≈ in£ \S∏m°m

≥ Ckvemw I¬∏n°p∂Xv. tamUepIfpw ImƒtKfpIfpw skIv

kv t_mw_pIfpan√mØ, Im_sd apX¬ tamln\nbm´w hscbp

≈ \rØßfneqsS ssewKnIm`mkßƒ°v t]cWbp≠m°m

Ø, kz¥w icochpw kuµcyhpw hn¬]-\®c°s√∂v hnizkn

°p∂ IpSpw_n\nIƒ amXap≈, Hcp hnhmlw sIm≠v ssewKn

IZmlw ian∏n°m≥ IgnbmsX hcp∂ ]pcpj∂v \mephsc

CWIsf kzoIcn°m≥ kzmX¥yw \¬Ip∂ Hcp kaqlØn¬

\mept]¿ Im¨sI hy`nNmcØnte¿s∏Sp∂h¿ iIvXamb

in£m\S]SnIƒ A¿ln°p∂psh∂mWv Ckvemans≥d hn[n.

in£mkºZmbßfnepw AX√mØ \nbaßfnepsa√mw

CkvemanI cmjvSØnse F√m ]uc∑mcpw XpeycmbmWv ]cnK

Wn°s∏Sp∂Xv. kº∂\pw ZcnZ\panSbntem `cWm[nImcn

°pw km[mcW ]uc∂panSbntem bmsXmcp coXnbnep≈

hnthN\hpw \oXn\n¿hlWØns≥d ImcyØn¬ D≠mhm≥

]mSns√∂mWv Ckvemans≥d A[ym]\w. "kXyhnizmknItf,

\nßƒ A√mlphn\p th≠n km£yw hln°p∂hsc∂ \neb

bn¬ IWniambn \oXn \ne\n¿Øp∂hcmbncn°Ww. AXv

\nßƒ°v Xs∂tbm, \nßfpsS amXm]nXm°ƒ, ASpØ

_‘p°ƒ F∂nh¿t°m ]XnIqeambnØo¿∂mepw icn'1

F∂mWv Jp¿B≥ ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv.

Hcn°¬ Ipeo\ IpSpw_Øn¬s∏´ Hcp kvXo tamjW°p

‰Øn\v ]nSn°s∏´p. ]hmNIs≥d ASpØ A\pbmbnIfnsem

cmfmb Dkmax AhcpsS ImcyØn¬ ip]m¿i sNøphm\mbn

]hmNIs\ kao]n®p. At∏mƒ ]hmNI≥(k) ]d™ hm°p

Iƒ it≤bamWv: "\nßƒ°v apºp≈ kapZmbßƒ \in∏n°

s∏´Xv CØcw ]h¿Ø\ßƒ aqeamWv. kº∂¿ Ip‰wsNbv

Xm¬ shdpsX hnSpIbpw ZcnZ¿ Ip‰wsNbvXm¬ in£n°pIbp

1.- Jp¿-B≥- 4: 135



ambncp∂p AhcpsS kºZmbw. A√mlphmsW kXyw. Cu

]hrØn sNbvXXv aplΩZns≥d aIƒ ^mØna Xs∂bmbm

epw AhfpsS Icw Rm≥ tOZn®p Ifbp∂XmWv'.

\oXnbpsS apºn¬ `cWm[n]\pw `cWob\pw kaamWv

F∂XmWv CkvemanI cmjvS k¶¬]Øns≥d ASnkvYm\

kvXw`ßfnsem∂v. C°mcyØnte°v shfn®w hoip∂ H´\

h[n kw`hßƒ CkvemanI NcnXØn¬ ImWm\mhpw. Hcp

kw`hanXm: Dadn(d)s≥d `cWImeØv CuPn]vXnse Kh¿W-

dmbncp∂ Awdp_v\p¬ Bkns≥d ]pX≥ aplΩZp_v\p Awdv

tIm]v‰nIv hn`mKØn¬s∏´ Hcp km[mcW°mcs\ Xs≥d

IpXncbpsS apºn¬ kz¥w IpXncsb HmSn®Xns≥d t]cn¬

ASn®p. "Rm≥ am\y∑mcpsS ]pX\mWv' F∂p ]d™psIm≠m

bncp∂p ]lcw. Cu ]iv\w Jeo^bpsS ASp°seØn. Kh¿

W-sdbpw ]pXs\bpw aZo\bnte°v hnfn∏n®p sIm≠v Da¿(d)

tNmZn®p: "F∂p apX¬°mWv \nßƒ P\ßsf ASnaIfm°n

ØpSßnbXv? AhcpsS amXm°ƒ Ahsc ]khn®Xv kzX¥

cmbn´t√'. XpS¿∂v a¿Z-nX\mb B tIm]v‰nIv hwiPs≥d

Iøn¬ Nm´hmdp \¬Ins°m≠v ]XnImcw sNøphm≥ Da¿(d)

I¬∏n®p. \nbaØn\p ap≥]n¬ F√mhcpw ka∑mcmsW∂

XXzw CXtØmfw ]mtbmKnIam°nb CkvemanI kaql

a√mØ as‰mcp kaqlsØ temINcnXØn¬ ImWpI

km[ya√.

CkvemanIcmjvSØn¬ Pohn°p∂ Aapkvenw ]uc∑mtcm

Spw \oXn\n¿∆lWØns≥d ImcyØn¬ hnthN\sam∂pw

ImWn°m≥ ]mSns√∂mWv Ckvemw ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. hnip≤Jp¿

B≥ \njvI¿jn°p∂Xv ImWpI: "kXyhnizmknItf, \nßƒ

A√mlphn\pth≠n \nesIm≈p∂hcpw \oXn°v km£yw

hln°p∂hcpambncn°pI. Hcp P\XtbmSp≈ Aa¿jw \oXn

]men°mXncn°m≥ \nßƒ°v t]cIamIcpXv. \nßƒ \oXn

]men°pI. AXmWv [¿a-\njvTtbmSv G‰hpw ASpØXv'1 Cu

Jp¿B\nI I¬]-\sb ]q¿W-ambn Dƒs°m≠psIm≠mbncp

∂p ]hmNI\pw k®cnXcmb Jeoâmcpw cWw \SØnbXv.

ssIkvXh\mb tIm]v‰nIv hwiP\pw apkvenamb Kh¿W-

dpsS ]pX\pw XΩnep≠mb ]iv\Øn¬ apkvenw A\oXnsNbv

Xpsh∂v a\ nem°nb Jeo^m Dadn(d)s≥d ImeØpXs∂

\S∂ as‰mcp kw`hanXm. Kh¿Wdmbncp∂ Awdp_v\p¬

Bkzv Hcp ssIkvXhkvXobpsS hoSv \n¿_‘]q¿h-w ]≈n

tbmSv tN¿°pIbp≠mbn. kvXo CtX°pdn®v Jeo^tbmSv

]cmXn ]d™p: Jeo-^m Da¿ Kh¿W-sd hnfn®v hniZoIcW

amhiys∏´p. At±lw ]d™p: "apkvenwIfpsS AwKkwJy

h¿≤n®Xp ImcWw ]≈nbn¬ kvYean√msX hnjaw t\cn´p.

]≈n hnimeamt°≠Xn∂mbn AXns≥d ASpØp≈ ssIkv

XhkvXobpsS `h\w Bhiys∏SpIbpw AXn∂v \ymbamb

hne \¬Imsa∂v Dd∏p \¬IpIbpw sNbvXp. Ah¿ hnkΩXn

®XpImcWw hoSp s]mfn®v ]≈ntbmSv tN¿°m≥ \n¿_‘nX

amhpIbmWp≠mbXv. AXns≥d hne B kvXo°v Bhiyap≈

GXp kabØpw kzoIcn°phm≥ km[n°pamdv s]mXpJP\m

hn¬ \nt£]n°pIbpw sNbvXn´p≠v.' km[mcWKXnbn¬

\ymbsa∂p ]dbmhp∂ Kh¿WdpsS \S]Snsb icnsh°m≥

Da¿ (d) Xb-mdmbn√. ]≈nbpsS ]kvXpX `mKw s]mfn®pam‰n

]Icw B ssIkvXh kvXobpsS hoSv bYmkvYm\Øv \n¿an

®p sImSp°phm≥ I¬]-n°pIbmWv \oXnam\mb B cWm[n

Imcn sNbvXXv.

\memw Jeo^bmbncp∂ Aen(d)bpsS ImeØv \S∂ Hcp

kw`hw t\m°pI: Jeo^ Xs≥d ]Sb¶n Hcp PqX≥ tamjvSn®p

sh∂v ]d™v tImSXnsb kao]n®p. \ymbm[n]\mb ipssdlv

PqXs≥s≥dbpw Jeo^bpsSbpw AhImihmZßƒ ]cntim

[n®p. Xs≥d ssIhiap≈ ]Sb¶n Xt≥dXp Xs∂bmsW∂p

PqX≥ hmZn®t∏mƒ AXp Xt≥dXmsW∂pw PqX≥ tamjvSn

®XmsW∂pw Jeo^ Aen samgn \¬In. Xs≥d hmZw sXfn

bn°\mbn Jeo-^ lmPcm°nb km£nIƒ aI≥ lk\pw

`rXy≥ Jadpambncp∂p. Ch¿ c≠pt]cpw Jeo^bpsS kz¥

°mcmbXn\m¬ km£yw kzoImcyas√∂pw a‰p sXfnhpIƒ

C√mØXn\m¬ ]Sb¶n PqX\n¬ \n∂p hmßphm≥ \nbaw1.- Jp¿-B≥- 5: 8



A\phZn°p∂ns√∂pw \ymbm-[n]≥ hn[n®p. \ymb[n]s≥dbSp

Øp \n∂v ]Sb¶n hmßn \S∂p \oßnb PqX≥ A¬]Zqcw

apt∂m´pt]mbn Xncn™p h∂psIm≠v ]d™p. "\nivNbambpw

CXv ]hmNI∑mcpsS \nbaw Xs∂sb∂v Rm≥ km£yw hln

°p∂p. aXnbmb sXfnhn√mØXn\m¬ tImSXn At±lØns\

Xnsc hn[n ]kvXmhn°p∂p. CXp hfsc alØcw Xs∂.

AXn\m¬ A√mlph√msX Bcm[y\ns√∂pw aplΩZv

A√mlphns≥d ZqX\msW∂pw Rm≥ km£yw hln°p∂p'.

XpS¿∂v Jeo^bpsS t\sc Xncn™v At±lw Cßs\ ]d™p:

"Cu ]Sb¶n Xm¶fptSXv Xs∂bmWv. \nßƒ kzn v- o\nte°v

t]mIptºmƒ ]n∂nep≠mbncp∂ Rm≥ Xm¶fpsS Nmc\ndØn

ep≈ HÍØns≥d ]pdØp\n∂v AXv XńsbSpØXmWv'. Jeo

^ Nncn®psIm≠v ]XnhNn®p. "Rm\Xv Xm¶ƒ°v Xs∂ Zm\am

bn X∂ncn°p∂p'.

CkvemanI cmjvSØn¬ Pohn°p∂ Aapkvenw ]uc∑mcpsS

hnizmkkzmX¥ytam Bcm[\mkzmX¥ytam l\n°phm≥

Jeoâm¿°hImian√. Aapkvenw ]uc∑mtcmSv A\oXn

ImWn°p∂Xv A£¥hyamb A]cm[amsW∂mWv ]hmN

I≥ (k) ]Tn∏n®ncn°p∂Xv. At±lw ]d™p: "kq£n®p sIm

≈pI. Aapkvenw ]uc∑msc Bsc¶nepw ASn®a¿ØpItbm

AhcpsS ta¬ Ignhn∂XoXambn \nIpXn `mcw sIńtb¬∏n

°pItbm AhtcmSv Iqcambn s]cpamdpItbm AhcpsS AhIm

ißƒ shń°pd°pItbm sNøpIbmsW¶n¬ A¥y\mfn¬

Ahs∂Xncn¬ Rm≥ kzbwXs∂ ]cmXn t_m[n∏n°p∂

XmWv'1.

NcnX]finX\mb k¿ tXmakv B¿t\mƒUv FgpXp∂Xv

ImWpI: "aplΩZv Xs∂ ]e Ad_v ssIkvXh tKmXßfpam

bpw k‘nbnte¿s∏ńcp∂p. Ah¿°v At±lw kwc£Whpw

kz¥w aXa\pkcn®v Pohn°phm\p≈ kzmX¥yhpw

Dd∏phcpØn. AhcpsS ]ptcmlnX¿°p≠mbncp∂

khntijm[nImcßƒ ]gbXpt]mse \ne\n¿Øn'2.

]hmNIs≥d ]mX ]n≥XpS¿∂ At±lØns≥d Jeoâm

cpw Aapkvenw ]uc∑mcpsS hnizmkßfpw Bcm[\mkºZmb

ßfpw XpScm≥ A\phZn®ncp∂Xmbpw AhcpsS Poh\pw

kzØn\pw ]cn]q¿W- kwc£Ww Dd∏phcpØnbncp∂Xmbpw

ImWm≥ Ignbpw.

Jeo^ Da¿ Cuenbm \nhmknIƒ°v \¬Inb c£mIcmdn

se hyhkvYIƒ ImWpI: "ssZhZmk\pw hnizmknIfpsS

t\Xmhpamb Da¿ CuenbmhmknIƒ°v \¬Ip∂ kwc£Ww

F√mhcpsSbpw Poh∂pw kzØn\pw Bcm[\mebßƒ°pw

IpcnipIƒ°pw aXkw_‘nbmb F√m‰n\pw kwc£Ww

Dd∏p\¬Ip∂p. BcpsSbpw N¿®pIƒ hmkkvYeam°pItbm

\in∏n°pItbm sNøcpXv. AhtbmSv tN¿∂p \n¬°p∂

hkvXphlItfm IpcnipItfm ]nSns®Sp°cpXv. Bscbpw D]Z

hn°cpXv'.

Cßs\, Aapkvenw ]uc∑mcpsS Poh\pw kzØpw hnizmk

kzmX¥yhpw Bcm[\m kzmX¥yhpsa√mw kwc£nt°

≠p∂ NpaXetbs‰Sp°p∂ CkvemanI cmjvSØn\v Ah≥

\¬tI≠p∂ \nIpXnbmWv Pnkvb. CkvemanIcmjvSßfnepw

A√mØnSØpsa√map≈ apkvenwIƒ \n¿_‘ambpw

k°mØv \¬tI≠Xps≠∂ hkvXpXbpsS ASnkvYm\Øn

emWv Cu \nIpXnbpsS \ymbm\ymbßƒ ]cntim[nt°≠Xv.

XßfpsS hm¿jnIhcpam\Øns≥d c≠c iXam\hpw s]mXp

JP\mhn¬ AS°phm≥ CkvemanI cmjvSØn¬ Pohn°p∂

apkvenw _m[ykvY\mWv. kI-mØv aX]camb Hcp Bcm[\m

I¿aambXn\m¬ AapkvenwIfn¬ \n∂v CuSm°phm≥ \n¿hm

lan√. AXhcpsS aXkzmX¥yØns≥d \ntj[ambncn°pw.

AXn\m¬ Aapkvenw ]uc∑m¿°v cmjvSw \¬Ip∂ kwc£

WØns≥d sNehnte°mbn as‰mcp \nIpXn CuSm°phm\mWv

I¬]-n°s∏ń´p≈Xv. Pnkvb Hcp aX\nIpXnb√; ]XypX

kwc£W \nIpXnbsX. CkvemanI cmjvSØn¬ Pohn°p∂

Aapkvenw ]uc∑mcpsS Pohs≥d kwc£Ww Dd∏p \¬Iphm

≥ Xßƒ°v Ignbns√∂ AhkvY \ne\n∂ncp∂ bp≤Ime

kmlNcyßfn¬ ]ncns®SpØ "Pnkvb' Xncn®phnXcWw sNø1.- A_q-Zm-hq-Zv-2.- k¿- tXm-akv- A¿-tWmƒ-Uv- : Ckv-emw- ]t_m-[\hpw- ]Nm-chpw- ]p-dw- 60



s∏ńcp∂Xmbn NcnXØn¬ ImWm\mhpw. Xßfpƒs°m≈p∂

cmPyØns≥d \ne\n¬∏n\pth≠n s]mcpXpIbpw XßfpsS

kwc£Ww Dd∏phcpØpIbpw sNøp∂ CkvemanI Kh¨sa

≥dn\v Aapkvenw ]uc∑m¿ \¬Ip∂ kwc£W \nIpXnbmWv

Pnkvbsb∂v CXn¬ \n∂v a\ nem°mw. cmjvSØns≥d ]Xn

tcm[ ]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ ]¶mfnIfmbncp∂ Aapkvenw ]uc∑m

cn¬ \n∂v ]hmNI≥ Pnkvb CuSm°nbncp∂ns√∂ hkvXpX

bpw C°mcyw hyIvXam°p∂p.

CkvemanIcmjvSØnse `cWm[nImcnIfpw `cWobcpsa

√mw A√mlphns≥d ]cam[nImcØnepw ]ctemIØnepw hniz

kn°p∂hcmWv. Cu `qanbnse sNbvXnIsf√mw ]ctemIØv

sh®v hnNmcWsNøs∏Spsa∂ hnizmkamWv CcpIqćpsSbpw

PohnXsØ \nb¥n°p∂Xv. AhnsS Ip‰IrXyßfp≠mhm

\p≈ km[yX \t∂ hncfamWv. clkyhpw ]ckyhpadnbmhp

∂ A√mlphnep≈ hnizmkamWv AhcpsS PohnXsØ

\nb¥n°p∂Xv F∂Xn\m¬ Xs∂ \oXn \n¿h-lWØnepw

cmjvStkh\Ønepw Bflm¿Y-Xbp≠mhpw. Cu hnizm

kØm¬ \bn°s∏Sp∂hcn¬ Im]Syap≠mhpIbns√∂Xn

\m¬ cmjvSobcwKsØ aqey\ntj[Øn\p≈ km[yX Xosc

hncfambncn°pw. ssZhØns≥d DØaZmk∑mcmbns°m≠v

ssZhm\pKlØn\v ]mXamIphm\mWv `cWm[nImcnIfpw

]PIfpw ian®psIm≠ncn°pI. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ \oXn]pe

cp∂ Hcp cmjvSambncn°pw AXv.

Hcp cmjvSØns≥d \n¿a-nXn°mhiyamb ASnkvYm\ \nba

ßƒ amXamWv Ckvemw \¬Ip∂Xv. cWw, \oXn\ymbw, Ib

hnIbw, kmºØnIw, hntZi\bw XpSßnb cwKßfnte°v

Bhiyamb \nbaßƒ kaqlØn\pw Np‰p]mSpIƒ°pa\pk

cn®v amt‰≠Xmbn ht∂°pw. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ CØcw hnj

bßfnse hniZmwißƒ IqSnbmtemN\bneqsS Xocpam\n°p

hm\p≈ kzmX¥yw AXmXv kaqlßƒ°v \¬IpIbmWv

Ckvemw sNbvXncn°p∂Xv. AXmXv ImeL´ßƒ°mhiyamb

\nbaßƒ CkvemanI]am-Wßƒ-°v- hncp-≤am-Im-Ø hn-

[Øn¬- N¿-® sNbv-Xv- Xo-cp-am-\n-°p-Ibm-Wv- Iq-Sn-bm-tem-N\m-

kan-Xn -(iq-d)Iƒ- sNtø≠Xv.-

[m¿-Ωn-I\n-ehm-cap-≈ hy-Iv-Xn-Isfbpw- kZm-Nm-c\n-jv-Tam-b

Ip-Spw-_sØbpw- kaXzm-[n-jvTn-Xam-b kaq-lsØbpw- \o-Xn-\n-

jv-Tam-b cm-jv-SsØbpw- \n¿-Ωn-°p-hm-\m-hiy-am-b ASn-kv-Ym\

\n-bßƒ- Ckv-emw- ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p.- Ckv-em-an-I\n-baßƒ- Ip‰

a‰Xpw- ]m-tbm-Kn-Ihp-am-sW∂Xm-Wv- AXn-s≥-d khn-tijX.-

\o-Xn-\n-jv-Tam-b Hcp- cm-jv-SØn-s≥-d \n¿-Ωn-Xn-°m-hiy-am-b ASn-

kv-Ym-\ \n-baßƒ- Bhn-jv-Icn-°p-I am-Xa√ Ckv-emw- sNbv-

Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv.- AØcsam-cp- am-XrIm-tbmKy-am-b cm-jv-Sw- \n¿-

Ωn-®p- Im-Wn-®p- sIm-SpØp-sIm-≠v- Ckv-em-an-I\n-baßƒ- ]mtbm-

Kn-Iam-sW∂v- sXfn-bn-°p-I Iq-Sn- AXv- sNbv-Xn-´p-≠v.- CXv- Ckv-

em-an-∂p- am-Xw- AhIm-is∏Sm-hp-∂ khn-tijXbm-Wv.- Dt´m-

]y≥- kn-≤m-¥ßƒ- ]Sbv-°p-Ib√ Ckv-emw- sNbv-Xn-´p-≈Xvv.-

]m-tbm-Kn-Iam-b XØ-z-ßfp-sS ASn-kv-Ym-\Øn-ep-≈ Hcp- amXr

Im-cm-jv-Sw- \n¿-a-n-®v- cm-jv-So-b cw-KØv- \o-Xn-\n¿-h-lWw- Fßs\

km-[n-°p-sa∂vv- tem-IØn-\v- Im-Wn-®p- sIm-Sp-Ø GIZ¿-i\am-

Wv- Ckv-emw.- AXp-sIm-≠p Xs∂ Hcp- kXym-t\z-jn-°v- Ahkm-

\am-bn- ]dtb≠n- hcp-∂p.- "Ckv-em-am-Ip-∂p- kXy-am¿K-w-; AXn

∂v- am-Xta am-\hcm-in-sb t\cm-b ]m-Xbn-eq-sS \bn-°p-hm≥-

Ign-bq''- F∂v.- AXm-Wv- icn-bpw.-



Iq-Sp-X-e-dn-b-m≥-:-

U-b-d-Iv-S¿-

\n-®v- Hm-^v- Sq-Øv-

I-em-`h≥- tdm-Uv-

sIm-®n≥- ˛ 682 018

t^m¨-:- 0484 ˛ 2367810,- 2352421

^-m-Iv-kv-:- 0484 ˛ 380746

Website: www.nicheoftruth.orgE-mail: [email protected]

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C-kv-e-mw- k-Xy-amÀ-Kw- - ISLAMIC NET · C-kv-e-mw- k-Xy-amÀ-Kw-amÀK\nÀtZiw tXSp¶ a\pjy‡ a\pjy‡ P•\m PnPvRmkphmWv. Xs¶bpw X\n¡p Npäpap ¯ temIsﬂbpw Ipdn¤ At\zjWw