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mijnasazogadoebrivi Jurnali, #1 (4), maisi, 2016 weli
damfuZnebeli, proeqtis av-
tori da gamomcemeli:
Tavisufal SemoqmedTa gaer-
Tianeba da Sps `gamomcem-
loba `mijna~, registraciis
# B12127840
redaqtor-gamomcemeli murman zaqaraia
redaqtori jemal Sonia
misamarTi: q. Tbilisi, taSkentis q.
#25, b. 1, tel./faqsi
2 38-03-11
ISSN 1512-4703
2 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
sarCevi
ivane javaxiSvili
bagrat III-is gamefebis Sesaxeb...............................3
giorgi mWedliZe
bagrat III _ mefe-gamaerTianebeli...................5
jemal Sonia
1014-2014.................................................................................... 7
murman zaqaraia
bagrat mesamis mefobis etapebi............................9
diskusia
filosofiuri saubari mrgval
magidasTan..........................................................................35
globalizacia da religia
kaxa qecbaia
globalizacia: Sobis dResaswauli
da santa-klausi, koka-kola da
postTanamedrove ideologia.........................43
madli
robert petriaSvili
ubiT satarebeli wigni............................................49
laSa gvasalia
wiaRiani poeti..............................................................51
jemal Sonia
tkiviliani monatreba.............................................53
xsovna
anton arnania _ 100
jemal Sonia
asi wlis Semdegac......................................................57
irine taliaSvili
sicocxle Rirs...........................................................62
striqonebi, romlebsac dro ver
auferulebs!....................................................................62
revaz uruSaZis xsovnas........................................67
Cveni samZimari..............................................................69
garekanze gamoyenebulia giorgi gegeWkoris naxati
`bagrat III~, 1995 w.
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 3
rodis, romel weliwadSi gamefda
bagrat III saqarTveloSi, am sakiTxze
SeiZleba orgvari pasuxi iyos: igi orjer
gamefda, pirvelad TiTqos qarTlSi,
meored afxazeTSi, anu ukeT rom vsTqvaT
lixT-imereTSi. rodesac daviT didma
kurapalatma qarTli bagrat gurgenis
Zes gadasca, igi maSin <<jere hasaks
TÂssa zeda usrul>> iyo da amitom
„Tanagamgeblad dauteva mama misi
gurgen“ (mt~ne q~Y, * 462, gv. 237) qarTlSi
damkvidrebis Semdgom <<viTar gardaჴda
weliwadi amas Sina sami>> (iqve, * 463, gv.
238), bagrati miiyvanes afxazeTs, <<daloces mefed da daemorCilnes yovelni brZanebasa
missa, rameTu gansrulebul iyo hasakiTa>>-o (iqve, * 464, gv. 239). „mt~ne q~Y“ mogviTxrobs,
rom bagrat III <<mefobda ocdaTequsmet wels da gardaicvala mჴciTa SuenieriTa
Semkuli qoronikonsa: __ s~l~d: __(234) Tuesa maissa Svidsa, dResa paraskevsa>>-o (*
473, gv. 246). qoronikoni udris 1014 w. q. S., maSasadame bagrat III gamefebula (1014 -36) 978
wels. amgvarive TariRi Cans aTonis monastris erTs xelnawerSi Senaxul anderZisda
mixedviT; iq sweria: <<RmerTo adide bagrat afxazTa mefe da qarTvelTa kurapalati...
romelman ineba aRweraჲ wmidisa amis wignisa wmidaTa mowameTaჲ indiktionsa mefobisa
maTisasa: ke>>(25) dasabamiTgan welTa xqz: (6607). qornikonsa: skb:>> (222)1. raki 1002
w. yofila bagrat III mefobis 25 indiktioni, anu weliwadi, maSasadame igi gamefebula
977 (1002-25) wels; xolo Tu dasabamiTgan aviRebT TariRs, maSin gamova 978 (6607-5604-
25) weliwadi. amgvarad bagrat III gamefebis TariRad unda 977-978 w. vicnaT2 da ara
980 w. rogorc aqamdis iyo miRebuli magram aq ibadeba erTi friad mniSvnelovani
sakiTxi: 977-978 w. bagrat III qarTlSi Tu afxazeTSi gabatonebis TariRi iyo? ukve
zemoT aRvniSneT, rom bagrati qarTlSi 3 weliwadia ukve damkvidrebuli iyo, rodesac
igi afxazeTSi mefed miiyvanes, maSasadame, zemomoyvanils sakiTxs qronologiisaTvis
arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs. Tu Cven aTonis xelnaweris zemomoyvanil anderZis Sinaars
CavukvirdebiT, am sakiTxis gadawyvetac advilia. 1002 w. bagrati yofila <<afxazTa
mefe da qarTuelTa kurapalati>>, maSasadame, maSin igi mxolod afxazTa mefed
iTvleboda, qarTlSi ki jer ara, iq mas kurapalatobis pativi hqonia; Tu gavixsenebT,
rom bagratis mama gurgeni am dros, 1002 w., jer kidev cocxali (+ 1008 w.) iyo, da 994
w., rodesac <<gardaicvala bagrat II regueni qarTvelTa mefe>>, man << dauteva Ze
TÂsi uxucesi gurgen, romelsa uwodes mefeTa mefe>> (sumbati, c~a da uw~yba, 64), maSin
CvenTvis cxadi iqneba, rom im dros, 1002 w., qarTvelTa mefed bagrat III mama gurgeni
iTvlebda da imitomac aris, rom bagrats mxolod „qarTuelTa kurapalati“ ewodeboda.
bagrationTa mematiane samarTlianad ambobs, rom <<vidre gurgenis gamefebamde (994
w.)ese bagrat mefe iqmna (978 w.) afxazeTs>>-o (c~a da uw~yba, 64). maSasadame, 977-978 w.
bagrat III afxazeTSi gamefebis TariRia da ara qarTlSi. amisda mixedviT cxadia,
ivane javaxiSviliivane javaxiSvili
bagrat III-is gamefebis Sesaxebbagrat III-is gamefebis Sesaxeb
4 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
rom mcirewlovani bagrati qarTlSi 974-975 w. gadmouyvaniaT.
axlad gamefebuli bagrati maSinve ar Sesdgomia qveynis mowesrigebas, jer saqmis
mdgomareobisa da cxovrebis viTarebis gageba iyo saWiro. amitomac aris, rom mxolod
<< viTar gardaჴda amas Sina weliwadi ori, iwyo gangebad>> (mt~ne q~ჲ, * 64, gv. 239); ese igi mxolod 979-980 w. Sesdgomia bagrat III saxelmwifo saqmeebis ganmarTvas.
rasakvirvelia, pirvelad mas unda im orWofi mdgomareobisaTvis mieqcia yuradReba,
romelmac saxelmwifo marTva-gamgeoba ase ari-daria. SeuZlebeli iyo erTsa da imave
dros ori mefe yofiliyo gamged, romelTagan erTi usinaTlo iyo. viTarca usinaTlo
igi TviT-neba moxeleTa saTamaSod iyo qceuli da misi moqmedeba win gadaeRobeboda
bagratis garkveul politikas. amitom, rom igi qveynis erTaderTi batoni yofiliyo
da << yovelTa kacTa, didTa da mcireTa, sasoeba keTili, gina Tu SiSi uwesobisa
TÂs misa mimarT aqundes>> (iqve) mefe bagratma Tavisi usinaTlo biZa, mefe Teodosi,
taos gagzavna daviT kurapalatTan da TiTon qarTlisa da afxazeTis erTaderT
batonad gaxda. es momxdara, maSasadame, 980 w. amieriTgan saqarTvelos gaerTianebis
saqme mtkice xasiaTisa da Seudrekelis nebis patrons mefes Cauvarda xelSi;
dauRalavad muSaobda igi samefos keTildReobisaTvis da aras dros garkveuls gzas
ar gadauxvevda, arc dabrkolebis win SeCerdeboda da ukan daixevda. afxazeTSiac
da qarTlSiac bagrati wesrigis damyarebas Seudga. cdilobda didebuli aznaurebi
TavianT qerqSi Caeyenebina.
Txzulebani t. II,
gv. 124-126
________________________1 А. Цагарели, Сведения I, [СПб.,1886], gv. 83.2 igive TariRi miRebuli da imave sabuTebze damyarebuli aqvT T. Jordanias (q kbi, I, gv. LVII) da e.
TayaiSvilsac (ix. saistorio masalani, Zveli saqarTvelo, II, 53) mxolod T. Jordania 977 wels qarTlSi
gamefebis TariRad sTvlis, xolo e. TayaiSvils aRniSnuli ara aqvs, qarTlSi Tu afxazeTSi gamefebis
TariRad miaCnia.
bag rats, ro gorc Cans, gu ran dux tis af xa zeT Si Cay va na eC qa re bo da. ...
Se iZ le ba vi fiq roT, rom le gi ti mu ro bis sa kiT xi id ga.
mok led: axa li qvey nis-sa qar Tve los or ga ni za ci u lad ga for me bis kri ti-
ku li mo men ti id ga: sa qar Tve lo qve ya na iS ve bo da, di di sa zo ga do eb ri vi
pro ce si sa qar Tve los war moq mni sa po li ti ku rad gvir gvin de bo da.
n. ber Ze niS vi li
sa qar Tve los is to ri is sa kiT xe bi, gv. 155/6
me fe e bis po li ti ku ri be di Tu ube do ba am az na u re bis, am mTav re bis xel Taa
da mxo lod bag rat III-m sca da Za liT Se mus vra, ma Ti ga daq ce va mo sa kar ga ve-
bad, di de bu le bad, sca da me fis xe li suf le bis Si na ar sis ar se bi Ti Sec vla.
n. ber Ze niS vi li
sa qar Tve los is to ri is sa kiT xe bi, gv. 172
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 5
saqarTve los ga er Ti a ne bu li fe o da lu ri mo nar qia bag rat III-is mi er Seq mnil
sa xel mwi fos war mo ad gen da. ami tom es qve ya na bag rat III-is sa qar Tve lo iyo. Tum ca
es cne ba-for mu la Zli er te va di mniS vne lo bi saa da qro no lo gi u rad di dad scil-
de ba me fe-ga ma er Ti a neb lis cxov re bis wlebs. es imi Taa ga mow ve u li, rom bag rat III-s
qvey nis gam Tli a ne ba ca ri e li ad gi li dan ar da uw yia. Ta nac mi si po li ti ku ri miz ne bi
da saq mi a no ba im de nad Sor smWvre te lu ri iyo, rom na yo fi mom dev no epo qa Si ga mo i Ro:
da viT aR ma Se neb li sa da Ta ma ris sa xel mwi fo swo red mis mi er Seq mni li sa qar Tve-
los axal xa ris xSi amaR le bas war mo ad gen da. bag rat III-mde igi cal ke u li qvey ne bis
sa xiT ar se bob da. man ki erT qvey nad - „sa qar Tve lod“ ga er Ti a ne bu li da to va.
Cve ni qvey nis is to ri am iS vi a Tad Tu icis ase Ti di di gar da te xa. mi u xe da vad imi sa,
rom is to ri ul pro ce seb Si xal xis ro lis ugule bel yo fa obi eq tu ri WeS ma ri te bis
uar yo fas ud ris, ere bi sa da sa xel mwi fo e bis is to ri a Si di di po li ti ku ri da ide o-
lo gi ur-kul tu ru li gar daq mne bi ga mo Ce nil pi rov ne ba Ta sa xe leb Ta naa da kav Si re bu-
li. bag rat III-s am Tval saz ri siT erT-er Ti pir ve li ad gi li uWi ravs sa qar Tve los
xan grZliv is to ri a Si. gar da imi sa, rom mis dros mox da udi de si Se mob ru ne ba Cve ni
xal xis cxov re ba Si, qvey nis po li ti ku ri ga er Ti a ne bis sa xiT. bag rat III-is uSu a lo
moR va weo bas Ta naa da kav Si re bu li ise Ti prob le me bis ga daw yve ta, ris ga re Sec es ga-
er Ti a ne ba efe me ru li aR moC nde bo da da mis mem kvid re ebs yve laf ris Ta vi dan daw ye ba
moux de bo daT, ami tom ga ma er Ti a ne be li me fis dam sa xu re bis ga sa az reb lad mTe li mi si
moR va we o bis da mas Tan da kav Si re bu li mra va li is to ri u li as peq tis yo vel mxri vi
mec ni e ru li ga mok vle va au ci le be lia. ase Ti mu Sa o ba ki jer je ro biT qar Tul is to-
ri og ra fi a Si ar Ses ru le bu la. bag rat III-is Se sa xeb Cvens mec ni e re ba Si mo nog ra fi u-
li ga mok vle vac ar ar se bobs. amas Ta vi si mi ze ze bic aqvs, maT So ris mTa va ria is, rom
bag rat III-is moR va we o bis epo qi sa da so ci a lur-po li ti ku ri vi Ta re bis Se sa xeb ar-
se bu li wya ro e bis sim ci re mniS vne lov nad aZ ne lebs srul yo fil mec ni e rul kvle vas.
mi u xe da vad ami sa, qar Tve li mec ni e re bis mi er Ses wav li li da dad ge ni lia mra va li
faq ti da mov le na, ga mok vle u lia sa kiT xTa far To wre, ri Tac mniS vne lo van wi la daa
mom za de bu li ni a da gi bag rat III-is Se sa xeb gan ma zo ga de be li naS ro mis Seq mni saT vis,
mag ram am prob le ma ti ka Si jer je ro biT ma inc bev ri „TeT ri la qa“ ar se bobs. ma Sa sa da me,
win kvlav di di sa mu Sa oa Se sas ru le be li. es Te ma ti ka Ta vis axal mkvle v rebs mo e lis.
er Ti Se xed viT, bag rat III „ar aris ma in cda ma inc po pu la ru li moR va we Cve ni is-
to ri i sa. mi si pi rov ne ba, ase Tu ise, da viT aR ma Se ne be li sa da Ta mar me fis di de bul
sa xe eb Tan Se da re biT, Crdil Sia moq ce u li. cxov re ba Si ase xde ba: Tu STa mo ma va li di-
dia, co ta Ti nak le bi si di dis mi si wi na pa ri Se iZ le ba da viw ye bas mi e ces.“ ase Ti ve be di
ewia bag rat me sa mes? ara, ver vit yviT, rom igi da viw ye bu lia. es sa xe li xom TiT qmis
yo vel dRi u ra daa sit yvax ma re ba Si. Tun dac mis mi er qu Ta is Si age bu li taZ ris ga mo.
bag ra tis ta Za ri xom sa o ca ri xu roT moZ Rvru li qmni le baa, mag ram ara nak leb
sa o ca ria is, rom RvTis mSob lis mi Zi ne bis sa xel ze age bul am Se devrs xal xma me fis
sa xe li uwo da. sa qar Tve lo Si (da sxva ga nac) bevr me fes da de do fals au gia ta Za ri,
mag ram mas iS vi a Tad Tu Ser qme via qti to ris sa xe li. uf ro me tic, qar Tve li xal xi Sua
sa u ku ne e bi dan Se mor Ce nil Se no ba Ta, ci xe si mag re Ta, xi de bi sa da qvab-sac xov re bel-
Ta um rav le so bas di di Ta mar me fis age bu lad mi iC nevs, Tum ca zo gi maT ga ni Ta mar ze
ad re an ga ci le biT gvi a nac kia age bu li. mag ram am me fis sa xe li arc erT ta Zars ar
giorgi mWedliZe
bagrat III _ mefe-gamaerTianebelibagrat III _ mefe-gamaerTianebeli
6 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
hqvia, bag ra tis ta Zars ki xal xis xsov na Si sxva sa xe li ar ga aC nia.
am faq tSi yve la ze sa gu lis xmo ga re mo e ba is aris, rom ma in cda ma inc ta Zars da-
u kav Si ra bag ra tis sa xe li. ta Zars xom xal xi yve la ze wmin das, yve la ze amaR le buls
da yve la ze sa nuk vars eZa xis.1
eg vip te le bi sa da ma Ti fa ra o ne bi saT vis pi ra mi de bi iyo taZ re bi. wig nTa-wig ni
bib lia ki gvas wav lis, rom eb ra e li eris bed ni e re bac da ube du re bac ta Zar Tan iyo
da kav Si re bu li. am xal xis is to ri a Sic iR bli an Ta ri Ra daa miC ne u li so lo mo nis di-
a di taZ ris age ba (Zv. w. 586), xo lo iu de vel Ta dax sna sa moc da aT wli a ni tyve o bi dan
axa li taZ ris iah ves sax lis mSe neb lo bis dam Tav re biT aRi niS ne ba (Zv. w. 516).2
qris ti a nul sa qar Tve lo Si bev ri ta Za ri iyo, mag ram bag ra ti sas, Ta vi si mniS vne-
lo biT, mxo lod sve tic xo ve li Tu Se ed re bo da. igi mar to li tur gi is Se sas ru le bel
ad gils ki ar war mo ad gen da, an da mxo lod „ca Si at yor cni li sim fo nia lo de bi sa“
(k. gam sa xur dia) ki ar iyo, ro gorc mo Cu qur Tme bi sa da mSve ni ere bis gan sa xi e re ba,
ara med mis ma am geb ma did ma me fem bag rat ma mas im Ta viT ve sa qar Tve los er Ti a no bis
sim bo los da niS nu le ba mi a ni Wa. amis Se sa xeb gvam cnobs taZ ris kur Txe vis aR mwe ri
ano ni mi qar Tve li me ma ti a ne.
ta Za ri sa qar Tve los er Ti a no bis sim bo lo-em ble ma! ai, ra aris bag ra ti.
mi si age biT aRi niS na sa qar Tve los po li ti ku ri gam Tli a ne ba. mi si kur Txe viT
da iw yo Tvi seb ri vad axa li era qar Tve li xal xis uxan grZli ves is to ri a Si, era, rom-
lis gvir gvi ni So Tas „vef xis tya o sa ni“ gax da. bag ra tis taZ ris xu roT moZ Rva ri rus-
Ta ve lis si di dis ge ni o sia. man da So Tam xe lov ne ba Si, xo lo bag rat III-m da da viT
aR ma Se ne bel ma sa xel mwi fo eb riv moR va we o ba Si srul yof ilad war mo a Ci nes qar Tu li
er vnu li ge ni is amo u wu ra vi Se saZ leb lo ba ni.
bag rat III-is mi er Seq mni li sa qar Tve los sa bo loo daS las moh yva Se de gad qu-
Ta i sis ka Ted ra lis dan gre vac. da na wev re bul ma qve ya nam ta Zars ve Rar mo u a ra, ver
Se i nar Cu na. am RvTis sax lis ga ve ra ne bis Sem deg sa qar Tve loc ise ve ked leb Ca le wi li
da dan gre u lia, ro gorc TviT bag ra tis ta Za ri da rad ga nac RvTa e bis gan ge bis ga re-
Se qvey nad ara fe ri xde ba da Rmer Tma ki sa qar Tve lo sa da bag ra tis taZ ris be di ise
da u kav Si ra er Tma neTs, RvTis ne ba aris nan gre ve bi dan ma Ti aR dge nac: Rmer Ti Ta vis
ta Zars ar ga wi ravs, dan gre uls ar da to vebs. ase ve ar ga wi ravs igi Ta vi si mSob lis
wil xvedr sa qar Tve lo sac.
________________________1 taZ ris zo gad sen ten ci u r arss Se sa niS na vad ga mo xa tavs a. nat roS vi li, ro me lic sve tic xov lis ar qi teq-
tu ris Se fa se bas Tan da kav Si re biT wers: <<Она не льстит чувствам, но поражает душу; не заставляет восхищаться произведением рук человеческих, а напоминает человеку про то величие Божье, про тоб что вне храма нет ему спасения>> (Натроев 1900:172).2 amis Se sa xeb vrclad ix. a. ba ToS vi li, eb ra e li xal xis is to ri i dan, Tb. 1991.
... 1010 wlis Tvis bag rat III sa qar Tve los udi de si na wi lis mflo be lia
ji qe Ti dan ja va xe Tam de da ta o dan he re Tam de. ase Ti war ma te bi saT vis ma-
nam de... ara vis mi uR we via. am er Ti a ni qar Tu li sa xel mwi fos sim bo lod
Se iZ le ba aR viq vaT XI s-is da saw yi sis ar qi teq tu ris ise Ti brwyin va le
Zeg le bi, ro go re bi caa bag ra tis ta Za ri (qu Ta is Si), sve tic xo ve li (mcxe Ta-
Si) da ala ver dis ta Za ri (ka xeT Si).
d. mus xe liS vi li
sa qar Tve los is to ria, gv. 182
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 7
jemal Sonia
1014 _ 2014
(aTasi weli bagrat mesamis gardacvalebidan)
bedielobis Tumc maqvs ufleba, _
bedieloba maqvs akrZaluli!..
bagrat mesame ras meubneba,
aTasi wlis win aq dakrZaluli?
gamoacilebs mefes klarjeTi _
saqarTvelosken saqarTvelodan,
me ki sul mcire lukmas davjerdi,
am siRaribes vinRa eloda?!
ar mapatiebs RmerTi, Semrisxavs,
Cemi umweo yofis Semyure;
ver davemsgavse zviad erisTavs
da mefis anderZs ver vuerTgule.
ver gavasvene zariT cxedari,
guSin vinc qveynis taxtze zeobda,
ver mivacile qristes mxedari
am samzeomde im samzeodan.
veRarc iRbalma mominanava,
Sewyda engurTan gza da savali,
im maruSiZis dari ara var,
`kacis Zlieris da ermravalis~.
saTanjosac ki veRar gadascda
Cemi natvrebis susti naTeli,
verc daviTs vgavar, kurapalatsa,
ver Sevayvare qarTvels qarTveli.
verc Zmobis ena gavagebine
afxazeTs, bnelSi CaRlil am kuTxes,
ver davudeqi mwded da meRvined,
vinc quTaTisSi mefed akurTxes.
veRar Sevuvse oqros barZimi
da gamarjvebuls veRar mivarTvi;
wvimis sanacvlod damrCa nawvimi
da mzis sanacvlod _ mzis aTinaTi.
verc sanaqebod vibediele,
SemosCvevia keras glovani,
gadaumalavT ZeZvebs, ielebs
mefis saZvale aTaswlovani.
dgas bediaSi kuStad taZari,
tanCamoSlili, miusafari,
aqamde sityvac Zvirad davZari,
misi kuTvnili da Sesadari.
ver davemsgavse rainds, jvarosans,
ver davixseni wminda adgili;
STamomavali rarig damlocavs,
Tuki wadilad damrCa wadili?
vxedav, mSobeli miwa momSivda,
momnatrebia belti mtkivani;
saTvalTvalodan mimzers, koSkidan,
gadamTieli, viRac ivani.
monatrebia yanas naduri,
venaxs _ gasxvla da keras _ danTeba,
SevCerebulvar bedumaduri,
veRar gamoSves mavTulxlarTebma.
is ki kvlav melis, rogorc meloda,
euli, mware fiqrSi garTuli...
arc klarjeTia saqarTvelo da...
bediac aRar aris qarTuli?!
sxvam daiCema feri am cisa,
verc afxazebma da verc egrebma,
magram warsuli vinc gaasxvisa,
mas momavalic aRar eqneba.
nu gikvirs, rom mWirs
soflis simdurve,
rom Zveleburad ar vilamprebi;
Tu Cemi saxli ver davibrune,
sad davasaxlo is winaprebi?!
rogor Cavxedo bagrats TvalebSi,
roca im qveynad gavemgzavrebi?
rogor aRvkveTo qaris TareSi
an davarisxo moqvis zarebi?!
8 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
an ilors mrevli viT davubruno,
vis valocvino wminda giorgi?
ra davaSave? me xom urwmuno
aRmarT-daRmarTiT ar movdiodi?!
Jamma TeTri dRe aRar gvaRirsa,
ver gavimeteT natvra samzeved
da Zvlebi mefis, damaSvralisa,
samareSiac ar movasveneT.
Zilma gansacdels ver agvarida,
TmeniT mSvidoba veRar gveRirsa,
amoxeTqila im samaridan
ajanyebuli borgva mefisa.
mwuxris mze adgas goras bagratis,
cxums da biWvinTas, anakofias,
qarTuli mze ki veRar dagvnaTis,
isic im mwuxris CrdilSi myofia.
SerCa bnelsa da sicarieles
da nasaxlarSi Cxavis yorani,
gadaumalavT ZeZvebs, ielebs
mefis saZvalec, aTaswlovani.
gamoacilebs mefes klarjeTi,
radgan bedia swored misia;
me ki enguris piras gavCerdi,
mere nabiji ver momicvlia.
xvalac, qarTvelo, Seni kvnesame,
ar dagvidgeba Jami daruli,
Tu daviviwyeT bagrat mesame,
aTasi wlis win aq dakrZaluli!
bagrat III-is cen tra lis tu ri po li ti kis ga mov li ne baa gu da vis sa e pis ko-
po sos moS la da mis ma gi er axa li ka Ted ris, be di is da ar se ba. ... da sav leT
sa qar Tve lo Si ber Znu li sa e pis ko po so e bis moS la da maT nac vlad axa li
qar Tu li sa e pis ko po se o e bis da ar se ba eg ris-af xaz Ta me fe e bis po li ti kis
er Ti mTa va ri sa kiT xi iyo.
g. lor Tqi fa ni Ze
sa qar Tve los is to ria, gv. 263
... be di is ta Za ri, sa dac bag rat III-is fres kaa ga mo xa tu li, taZ riT xel Si,
ro gorc qti to ris, bag rat ma Ta vis saZ va led cno, da ro de sac is ta os myo fi
gar da ic va la, „war mo i Ro gu a mi mi si zvi ad man eris Tav man da da mar xa be di as“.
... be di is age ba, iq sa e pis ko po sos da ar se baa, me fis (al baT, mi si an der ZiT)
be di a Si dak rZal va me fe bag ra tis, er Ti a ni Sua sa u ku no va ni sa qar Tve los
pir ve li me fis ga ma er Ti a ne be li po li ti kis aS ka ra ga mo xa tu le baa. qu Ta-
i si da be dia, am sa qar Tve los mniS vne lo va ni cen tre bia.
m. lor Tqi fa ni Ze
sa qar Tve los is to ria, gv. 263
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 9
siaxleebi:
1) stati is sa Ta u ri da nac kar gad Cans, rom gan sxva ve biT qar Tul is to ri og ra-
fi a Si mi Re bu li doq tri ni sa, rom bag rat III-is mi er Seq mni li sa me fo sa qar Tve los
sa xel mwi fo iyo, yve la Zi ri Ta di faq ti dan Tu we ri lo bi Ti wya ro dan das tur de ba,
rom bag rat III-is Ta na med ro ve sam ya ros Tvis da mis Sem de gac kar ga xniT is war mo-
ad gen da af xa ze Tis sa me fos – kav ka si u ri mas Sta bis sa xel mwi fos.
2) bag ra to van Ta aTas wlo van sa me fo di nas ti as, ro gorc qar Tve lu ri mod gmis
ga er Ti a ne bu li sa xel mwi fos sa me fo sag va re u los, sa fuZ ve li Ca u ya ra bag rat III-m,
af xa ze Tis sa me fos axal ma me fem, ro gorc Tvi Ton ve ac xa debs af xa ze Tis `me fe Ta
di va nis~ (i.j.) mi na wer Si da ra sac eqvT. Ta ya iS vi li sav se biT sa mar Tli a nad uwo debs
aqts, ma ni fests, rom li Tac bag rat III ac xa debs Ta vis ka no ni er ga me fe bas af xa zeT Si.
ma Sa sa da me, bag ra ti on Ta, ro gorc sa qar Tve los ga er Ti a ne bu li sa me fo di nas ti i sa,
ar se bo ba iw ye ba bag rat III-is af xa ze Tis me fed kur Txe vi dan – 978 wli dan.
3) da viT UIII ku ra pa la tis ad gi li sa da ro lis Se sa xeb kolx-ibe rul sa me-
fo-sam Tav ro Ta erT sa xel mwi fod ga er Ti a ne bis saq me Si uk ve di di xnis man Zil ze
sa ka ma Tod gam xdar sa kiT xTan da kav Si re biT: ker Zod, da viT III di di bi zan ti is ka-
ris erT-erT umaR les ti tuls ku ra pa la ti sas ar ata reb da for ma lu rad, ro gorc
Sem deg _ af xa ze Tis sa me fos me fe e bi, ara med Ta vi si me fo bis me o re na xe var Si, im pe-
ra tor ba si lis moZ li e re bis Sem deg, is iyo uf ro im pe ri is er Tgu li did mo xe le,
vid re Tun dac ta os `di di me fe~. ami tom, aqe dan mo yo le bu li ma inc, is mxo lod
uar yo fiT gav le nas ax den da bag rat III-is mi er sa me fo-sam Tav ro Ta er Ti an sa xel-
mwi fod ga er Ti a ne bis Tvis war mo e bu li brZo lis pro ce seb ze.
4) sta ti a Si aris mcde lo ba bag rat III-is me fo bi sa da moR va we o bis evo lu ci is
cal ke u li eta pe bis ga mo yo fi sa da maTs Ta vi se bu re ba Ta war mo Ce ni sa.
sta ti is da we ris sa ba bi:
pro tes ti: mra va la Tas wlo va ni kolx-ibe ru li mod gmis sa me fo Ta da xal xTa
er Ti an sa xel mwi fod – af xa ze Tad _ ga ma er Ti a ne be li mar Tlac di di me fis bag rat
III-is gar dac va le bi dan (cno bi li Ta ri Ri) aTa si wlis Ta vis aRu niS vne lo ba ara mar-
to sa xel mwi fos `ugu nu ro biT aR sav se~ mes ve ur Ta mi er, ara med amis way ru e ba mec-
ni er-is to ri kos Ta da ̀ hu ma ni tar Ta~ Tu, sa er To dac, far To sa zo ga do e bis mxri dan.
sa va la lo isaa, rom es xde ba iseT vi Ta re ba Si, ro ca af xa ze Ti da Si da qar Tli, im
er Ti a ni sa me fos or ga ni ze bis mTa va ri obi eq te bi, ara mar to oku pi re bu lia, ara med
af xa zeTs – am wmin da sa xels sa qar Tve los sa xel mwi fo eb ri o bis Se moq me di sas ar-
si Seh bRal via, sxva Si na ar si mi u Ria; sxva, im pe ri is ne ba- sur vi lis aR mas ru le be li
se pa ra tis tu li JRe ra do ba mis ce mia, Cven ki ulo gi kod da uaz rod ga Cu me bul ni
varT. amis ga mo Za li an ar min da Cems Tavs amis uf le ba miv ce, mag ram ase Ti ugu-
lis yu ro, uRir se bo qce ve bis Jams kacs Za la u ne bu rad gax sen de ba po e tis mi er di di
gu lis wyro miT Tqmu li: `fur Txis Rir si xar, Sen sa qar Tve lov~.
murman zaqaraia
bagrat mesamis mefobis etapebi
10 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
qarTveluri _ kolx-iberuli (kol-
xurSi yvelgan moviazrebT svanur-zanur
erTobas) modgmis metaistoriul Tu
istoriul warsulSi aSkarad ikveTeba
xangrZlivi periodebi, romlebSic Tval-
saCinod aisaxeba am modgmis erovnul-
kul turuli da politikuri (saxel-
mwi fo ebrivi) genezisisa da socialuri
ganviTarebis gzasavali.
yvela am etapisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia
is ZiriTadi ideuri da sarwmunoebrivi
Taviseburebani, romlebic gansakuT-
rebul adgils miuCens qarTul sazoga-
do ebas zogadsakacobrio istoriaSi. ap.
silagaZe aRniSnavs: Cven, rogori saxiTac
vyofiliyaviT warmodgenili msoflio
istoriis asparezze, yovelTvis viyaviT
saerTaSoriso politikisa da saerTa-
So r iso samarTlis subieqti1. es momenti
_ uwyvetad yofna msoflio istoriis
asparezze _ gansazRvravda Cvens kultu-
rul-sarwmunoebriv Tu socialur-poli-
tikur yofas da ayali bebda TviTmyofad
erovnul ideas.
qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis isto-
riis TvalsazrisiT, sruliad axali eta-
pi iwyeba bagrat III-is xanidan, ro desac
safuZveli Caeyara gaerTianebul samefos,
dafuZnebuls qristianocent ristulad
metamorfozebuli qarTve luri modgmis
uZveles civilizaciaze; is aTasi wlis
Semdegac didad gansaz Rvravs kolx-
iberul warsulSi fesveb gadgmul qar-
Tul erovnul TviTSegnebas da cocxlad
zemoqmedebs Cvens dRevan delobaze.
bagrat III-is epoqas ase gvixasiaTebs
am did mefeze erT-erTi srulfasovani
monografiuli Sromis avtori giorgi
mWedliZe: Cveni qveynis istoriam iSvia-
Tad Tu icis aseTi didi gardatexa. aseT
procesebSi, roca xdeba didi politik-
uri da ideologiur-kulturuli gar-
daqmnebi, isini gamoCenil pirovnebaTa
saxelebTanaa dakavSirebuli; am mxriv
bagrat III-s erT-erTi pirveli adgili
uWiravs saqarTvelos xangrZliv isto-
riaSi2.
mecnieri, garda bagrat III-is mier
samefo-samTavroebis politikur-saxel-
mwifoebrivi gaerTianebisa, xazgasmiT
miuTiTebs iseTi problemebis gadaw-
yvetaze, romelTa gareSec es gaerTianeba
efemeruli aRmoCndeboda da mefis mem-
kvidreebs yvelafris Tavidan dawyeba
mouxdebodaT, amitom gamaerTianebeli
mefis damsaxurebis gasaazreblad mrava-
li istoriuli aspeqtis mecnieruli
gamokvlevaa aucilebeli3. maSa sadame,
avtori bagrat III-is mier poli tikur,
socialur, samarTlebriv, kulturul-
sarwmunoebriv sferoebSi gatarebul
RonisZiebebs moiazrebs iseT funda me-
1. ap. sila gaZe, qarTuli idea, gv. 9 Tb., 2010 w.
2. g. mWedliZe, bagrat mesamis saqarTvelo, gv. 3.
Tb., 1996 w.3. g. mWedliZe, dasax naSromi, gv. 3.
* * *
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 11
ntur reformebad, romlebzedac daSenda
da ayvavda ganviTarebuli qar Tuli feo-
daluri saxelmwifoebrioba.
* * *
kolxur-iberuli modgmis xalxis
axleburi politikuri mowyobis diad
saqmes win uZRoda mravalsaukunovani
periodi kulturul-sarwmunoebrivi
Tanalmobisa. sarwmunoebisa da qar Tuli
sadamwerlobo enis Tanacxov re bis wesisa
da rigis erovnul idead koncentrireba
xdeba arabebTan orsau kune naxevrian br-
ZolaSi; amitom danam dvi lebiT SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom qarTuli idea iSva gareSe
mtrebTan brZolaSi, rogorc es moxda
gviandel etapebze sxva evropul idee-
bTan mimarTebaSi.
nacionalur ideebs, romlebzedac age-
bulia eri-saxelmwifos politikuri da
kulturuli struqtura, gaaCnia raRac
saerTo maxasiaTebeli. rogorc geo-
politikuri mimdinareobis erT-erTi
fuZemdebeli x. j. makinderi miiCnevs,
nacionaluri idea miiReba da myarad
fuZndeba saerTo ubedurebis winaaRmdeg
erToblivi brZolis aucileblobidan
gamomdinare. rogorc wesi, esaa gareSe
Zala.
magaliTad, inglisuri idea Cainerga
heptarqTa saxelmwifoSi danielTa da
normanTa dapyrobebis dros; franguli
idea _ hunebTan omebSi, agreTve erTma-
neTis moqiSpe frankebis, guTebisa da
romaelebis brZolaSi SalonTan, ufro
srulyofili saxe miiRo inglisTan
aswli ani omis procesSi; qristiano-
bis idea iSva romis imperiaSi pirvel-
qristianeTa daundobeli devnisas da
logikur srulyofas miaRwia jvaros-
nuli omebis epoqaSi~4. amis gaTvalis-
wi nebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qarTuli
idea iSva arabebTan brZolaSi da sru-
lyofilebas miaRwia Turq-seljukebTan
xangrZliv omebSi brwyinvale gamar-
jvebiT. maSasadame, am procesebis Sede gad
formirdeba gene tikur-fsiqol o giur kav-
Sirze damyar ebuli idea da ku l tu ruli
urTier Tobis xarisxobrivad axleburi
erToba. am axali ideis da er TobisTvis
xorc Se sx misaTvis safuZ vlis Cayra RvTi-
uri bedisweriT ergo af xazTa samefos
da misi axali _ bagrationTa dinastiis
pirvel mefes, bagrat III-s.
amdenad, bagrat III-s wilad xvda, yofi-
liyo ara marto `mefe-gamaerTianebeli~,
axali samefos Semqmneli, aramed is aris
axali saxelmwifoebriv-politikuri
formis _ eri-saxelmwifos safuZvlis
Camyreli Sesabamisi kulturul-sarwmu-
noebrivi, samarTlebrivi da socialur-
politikuri TaviseburebebiT, romelTa
msgavsi Zireuli gardaqmnebi evropul
samyaroSi fexs ikidebs aRorZinebis
gvian etapze da dasrulebul saxes iR ebs
religiur-kulturuli reformaci eb isa
da didi revoluciebis etapebze.
zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare SeiZleba
davaskvnaT, rom bagrat III aris Tviso-
b rivad ganaxlebuli politikuri er-
Tobis _ saqarTvelos _ da misi Semoq medi
xalxis erovnuli erTobis _ qar Tvelis
_ realuri-politikuri sicocx lisken
gzis gamkvalavi didi mefe.
* * *
im Jamidan, roca bagrat III mefed
akurTxes da gaxda `mefe afxazTa~ _ le-
gitimuri gamgebeli mTeli dasavleT
saqarTvelosi da Sida qarTlisa (dRe van-
deli gagebiT), saqarTvelos isto riaSi
iwyeba gardamtexi etapi ara marto poli-
tikur-saxelmwifoebrivi Tval sazrisiT,
aramed ideurad da kultu ruladac. e. i.
iwyeba preistoriuli xanidan momdinare
iafetidi proto qa rTve lebis (protoev-
ropelebis) univer saluri mexsierebisa
4. m. zaqaraia, nar kvevi rusul ideaze, gv. 9, 113-114.
Tb., 2005 w.
12 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
da sakraluri enis mata rebeli genosis5
memkvidre kolx-iberuli modgmis qri sti-
a nocen tris t ul erTian erad for mirebis
axal safexurze ayvana.
arabebTan 250-wlian brZolaSi Sob-
ili idea erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi
erTianobisa sazogadoebis udidesi
(progresuli) nawilisaTvis naTeli
da misaRebi xdeba da X saukunisTvis
prog ramul saxes iRebs. `am dros, bo-
los da bolos, unda SemuSavebuliyo
raciona luri politikuri programac,
romlis gansaxorcieleblad swored
axla dam dga riyo xelsayreli viTa reba~6.
Sesa bamisad, warmoCindnen iseTi poli-
tikuri moRva weebi, romlebmac arabTa
eqspansiis xana Si qarTveluri modgmis
erTianobis gamomxatveli giorgi mer-
Culi seuli for mulireba _ `qarTlad
friadi qve yanaÁ aRricxebis, romelsaca
Sina qar TuliTa eniTa Jami Seiwirvis
da loc vaÁ yoveli aResrulebis~ _ uf-
ro siR rmi seulad, zogad kolx-iberul
konteqs tSi gaiazres da misi praqtikaSi
ganxor cieleba daiwyes.
Teosofiuri sazrisis matarebeli es
Tezisi jer gardasaxes qristiano ce-
ntristul TviTmyofad, zogaderovnul
idead, mere ki mis safuZvelze Seqmnes
Tvisobrivad axleburi erToba kolx-
iberuli modgmisa erTiani politikur-
kulturul gaerTianebis _ saqarTvelos
saxelmwifos da misi saxelmdebelis _
qarTveli eris saxiT.
qarTveluri modgmis axlebur erTi an-
obad formirebis ideis evoluciis xan-
grZlivi procesis Tavisebureba naT lad
aisaxa ara marto gviandel istori ul
matianeebSi, aramed am procesebis Tan-
darTul qarTul agiografiul mwer-
lobaSic, romlebSic naTlad ikve Teba
sarwmunoebrivi da nacionaluri ideis
urTierTganpirobebuloba.
Cven zemoT davimowmeT giorgi merCu-
lis mier `qarTlis qveyanazed~ Tqmuli,
romelic miemarTeba calkeul wvril
`samTavro qveyanaTa~, lokalur erTeu-
lTa konsolidacias ufro msxvil
feodalur erTeulebad sarwmunoebriv
safuZvelze. marTlac, IX saukunis dasa-
wyisidan saqarTvelos mTel terito-
riaze iqmneba aseTi politikuri warmo-
naqmnebi7.
giorgi merCulis formuliT, `qar-
Tli~ ̀ qarTvelTa sakurapalatos~ irgv-
liv am `mcire qveynebis~ gaerTianebas
gulisxmobs; magram, mocemul SemTxvevaSi,
ufro mniSvnelovania am erTianobis
sulier-kulturuli safuZvlis upir-
obo warmoCena enisa da sarwmuneobis
saxiT. qarTuli ideis safuZvlad enisa
da rwmenis gaazreba gvaqvs giorgi mTaw-
mindelis ioanesa da eqvTimes cxovrebis
aRweraSic.
mamis, ioanes, RvTismSoblis taZarSi
mariamis xatis winaSe vedrebis Semdeg
sasikvdilod ganwirul yrma eqvTimes
gamoecxadeba RvTismSobeli da `mrqva
qarTuliTa eniTa~, rom `arara ars vneba
Sen Tana, aRdeg, nu geSinin da qarTulad
xsnilad ubnobdi~. am epizodSi aSkarad
ikveTeba ara marto eqvTimes gadar-
Cenis aucilebeli piroba _ xsnilad
ubnoba qarTul enaze, aramed isic, rom
igi etoleba merCuliseul formulas:
qar Tu liTa eniTa locvaÁ yoveli aRev-
linebis~. aseT ubnobaSi, qarTulad lo-
cvis aRvlenaSi aris gadarCena qarTuli
modgmisa. samSoblos moyvaruli eqvTime
`Zniad ubnobda qarTulad~, xolo `mier-
iTgan dauyeneblad, viTarc wyaro, aRmo-
dian uwmindes yovelTa qarTvelTasa~.
eqvTimesadmi Tqmuli miemarTeba erTi
genetikuri fuZidan momdinare mTel
modgmas. es ena, romliTac daiwyo ubneba
eqvTimem da, viTarc wyaro, moedinebis
misgan, es aris ̀ uwmides yovelTa qarTve-5. Sead. z. gamsaxur dia, werilebi, eseebi, gv. 35, Tb.,
1991 w.6.saqar Tvelos istoria: uZvelesi droidan 2009
wlamde; gv. 178, Tb., 2012 w.7. iqve, gv. 169.
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 13
lTasa~ ena, sadamwerlobo _ saeklesio
ena, suliwmidis madliT mocemuli da
RvTismSoblis mfarvelobaSi myofi.
qarTveluri modgmis gadarCena maTs
erTobaSia, misi piroba ki am kurTxeuli
eniT Tavisuflad laparaksa da locvis
aRvlenaSia. ̀ maSasadame, maSin qarTulad
ubnoba niSnavda qarTvelobis SenarCun-
ebas da aucilebel atributs warmoad-
genda eris arsebobisTvis~8.
ase yalibdeboda idea kolx-iberuli
modgmis erTian erad da feodalur sa-
xelmwifod formirebisa. magram manamde
gasavleli iyo urTulesi gza poli ti-
kuri dapirispirebis gadalaxvis, socia-
l uri da kulturuli gardaqmnebisa.
* * *
genetikur _ sisxliT naTesaur kav-
Si r u rTierTobaze dafuZnebuli iden-
tobis formirebis mravalsaukunovani
procesebis poetur gaazrebas warmo-
adgens ioane zosimes `qebaÁ da didebaÁ
qarTulisa enisaÁ~, sadac simboluradaa
asaxuli am uZvelesi modgmis enisa da
sarwmuneobis safuZvelze erTian erad
evolucionirebis gardauvloba, rac
aisaxa `enis kurTxeulobis~, `meored
mosvlis~ da a.S. metaformebSi. maSasa-
dame, am himnSi `enaÁ qarTulze~ gveZleva
kvintesencia im kulturul-istoriuli
mocemulobebisa, romlebic win uZRoda
qarTveluri modgmis erad formirebisa
da eri-saxelmwifos Camoyalibebis diad
saqmes. zviad gamsaxurdia wers: ̀ amrigad,
ioane zosimes `qebaÁ~ exeba ara mxolod
qarTul enas, rogorc aseTs, aramed
qarTvel ers, qarTul eTnoss, mis kul-
turul-istoriul misias~9.
uZvelesi kolx-iberuli modgmis
am `kulturul-istoriuli~ ideis _
erad da saxelmwfoebrivad formirebis,
cxovrebaSi ganxorcielebis misia, RvTis
nebiT, ergo `afxazTa samefos~ da misi
axali, legitimuri dinastiis Semqmnel
monarqs _ bagrat III bagrations.
* * *
bagrat III-is politikur-saxelmwi-
foebriv moRvaweobis (mematianeTa mier
aRwerilis) logikas Tu mivyvebiT, da-
vinaxavT, rom mis saqmianobaSi aSkarad
ikveTeba garkveuli dasrulebuli peri-
odebi. Tu ar CavTvliT misi arasrul-
wlovanebis Jams, qarTlis mmarTvelad
yofnas daviT III-is gangebulobiT da
ded-mamis meurveobiT, rac tyveobiTa da
iqidan mamobilis ZalisxmeviT gamoxsniT
damTavrda, maSin pirvel periodad SeiZ-
leba CaiTvalos, qarTlis aznaurebis
`sak uTar qerqSi Cayeneba~ guranduxt de-
do flis afxazeTSi Camoyvana Teodosis
(Zveli dinastiis) taxtidan CamoSoreba,
ordinastiuli mmarTvelobis moSla da
axali _ bagrationTa dinastiis dafu-
Zneba afxazTa samefos taxtze, saxelmwi-
foebrivi mowyobis reorganizebis daw-
yeba. es procesi mematianes ase aqvs aR-
werili: bagrat afxazTa mefeman aR uzaxna
spaTa TvsTa, movides da Seibnes. iotna
qarTvelni: sxuani meotni gardai xvewnes
da daifaCnes. movida ufliscixes, aRiRo
cixe dedisgan Tvsisa; ganagna mcired
saqmeni qarTlisani; wariyvana deda TÂsi
da warvida afxazeTs. viTarc xelovanman
menavTmoZRvarman ganago yoveli saqme
afxazeTisa. amxilis urCni da misa adgi-
las ganadidis erTguli da misandobeli
Tvis10. amasTan, igive mematiane aRwers
pirovnul Tvisebebs, romlis wyalobiTac
bagratma SeZlo urTulesi dinastiuri
problem ebis mSvidobianad mogvareba.
faqti erTia, rom man dedis quTaisSi
gadmo yvaniT da mTeli cxovrebis man-
Zilze gverdiT dayenebiT didi goniereba
8. Zveli qar T uli literaturis Zeglebi, wina sit-
yva oba, iv. lolaSvili, gv. 11, Tb., 1978 w.9. zviad gamsaxurdia, dasax. naSromi, gv. 4. 10. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 213-214, Tb., 19-- w.
14 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
gamo iCina da ara marto ormefoba moSala,
aramed es sakiTxi srul kanonier Car-
CoSi moaqcia, rasac, rogorc Cans, ori
weli moandoma da Semdeg ̀ iwyo gangebad
da ganmartebad yovelsa saqmesa msgavsad
pa pisa misisa, didisa giorgi mefisa.
gamogzavna Teod osi mefe dedis Zma misi
taos winaSe da viT kuropalatisa, rameTu
es saqme gamonaxa umjobesad, rame Tu sa-
soeba keTilisa, gina SiSi uweso bisaTvs
mis mimarT aqundes~11. Teodosis daviT
kura palatTan gagzavniT man, rogorc
mema tianis naTqvamidan Cans, mospo aq
raRa cnairad arsebuli uwesoba. Tu am
or movlenas erTobliobaSi gaviazrebT,
es imas unda gulisxmobdes, rom Teo-
dosis karze arsebuli es `uwesobani~
raRac na irad kavSirSi iyo mis warsul-
Tan, roca is bizantiidan wamosuli Tu
gamo gzavnili daupirispirda Tavis Zmas
deme tres da saSinel ZmaTamkvlel brZo-
lebs daudo safuZveli. e.i. bagratma is
gaagzavna iqiT, saidanac movida da dai wyo
biza ntiis mier aq Canergil mstov arTa
da proimperiuli, antisaxel mwifo ebrivi
Zalebis amoZirkva.
* * *
meore periodi iwyeba rati baRva-
Sis winaaRmdeg galaSqrebiT: `Sekriba
ucnaurad TÂsi yoveli bagrat mefeman,
gamovida qarTls; eneba Sepyroba rati
erisTavisa~12. es aris gagrZe leba `yov-
l isa saqmisa ganmarTebisa~ dadgineba
`Si Sisa uwesobisa~-Tvis, urCTa moTvin-
ierebisa, e.i. Sidasaxelmwifoe brivi
wesrigis gamtkicebisa. rati, ro gorc
qarTlis aznaurni, urCi feodalia, `ara
morCilebda keTilad bagrat mefesa~13.
rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, miuxedavad imisa,
rom mis am sruliad kanonier ganzraxu-
lobas didi winaaR mdegoba Sexvda, man am
saqmes brwyinvaled gaarTva Tavi, rati
argveTs daabruna, xolo `afxazTa same-
fos~ Semoumtkica TavaSvebuli feoda-
lis mier mitacebuli samxreTis miwa-
wyali. am saqmes man ori weli moandoma.
miuxedavad amisa, misi xeliT sisxli ar
daRvrila. amis Semdeg, rogorc pirvel
etapze, garkveuli xani am axlad Semom-
tkicebuli miwebis mo wyobasa da, dRevan-
deli terminologiiT, afxazTa samefoSi
mis srul integ rirebas dauTmo. sayura-
d Reboa is, rom bagrati ki ar eswrafvis
sul axal-axali miwebis dauflebas,
rogorc es adre xdeboda, roca brZola
brZolas, omi oms erToda xolme da
sinamdvileSi orive mxare zaraldeboda,
qveyana Canagdeboda, genofondi iRupeb-
oda, yvelaferi uazro sisxlisRvriT
sruldeboda. bagrat mefem am mxrivac
sruliad axleburi wesi da rigi daam-
yara. is axali miwebis SemoerTebis
Semdeg Zalze did dros uTmobs ara
marto politikur integ rirebas, aramed
aRmSeneblobisa da Sida mowesrigebis
sakiTxsac. amitom qveynis gaerTianebis
es procesi, im periodis SesaZleblobaTa
farglebSi, maRal humanitarul doneze
mimdinareobs.
mematianis TqmiT, bagratma amjeradac
urCni Tvisni Secvalna da adgilTa maTTa
daadgina erTgulni da moswrafed mor-
Cilni misTa. es xazgasmiT aRniSnavs mis
am gonivrul saqmianobas dabru nebuli
miwebis srulad inkorporir ebisas. `da
waremata yovelTa mefeTa afxazeTisa da
qarTlisaTa yovliTa gangebiTa~14.
* * *
Tu mivyvebiT Cven mier SemoTa vaz-
ebuli periodizaciis qronologiasa da
movlenaTa ganviTarebis logikas, maSin
mesame periodi moicavs daviT kurapa-
latis gardacvalebasTan dakavSirebiT
dawyebul movlenebs gurgen mefeTa-mefis
gardacvalebamde da bagrat mesa mis mier
Zalauflebis xelSi aRebamde. rogorc
11. iqve, gv. 218.12. iqve, gv. 219.13. iqve, gv. 219.
14. iqve, gv. 219.
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 15
iv. javaxiSvili wers, 1008 wels garda-
icvala gurgen mefe da bagrati `eufla
taos~-ac15 (15. iqve, gv. 131). maSasadame, am aT-
wleulSi xdeba bagrat III-is mier mTeli
misi samemkvidreo miwa-wylis af xazeTis
samefosTan mierTeba da mTeli Zalau-
flebis `afxazTa mefis~ xelSi ko ncen-
trireba. ucnobi mematiane am movle nebs
ufro detalurad gadmo gvcems, romelSic
srulyofilad gveZ leva am procesebis
Tanadrouli aRqma: `gardai cvala ese
gurgen mefeT-mefe, Ze bagrat qarTvela
mefisa, qoronikosa s-k-À, da dauteva Ze ese
TÂsi bagrat, af xazTa mefe, kuropalati
didi, da eufla taos mamulsa TÂssa da
daipyra kavka siis TviTmpyrobelobiTa
jiqeTidgan vidre gurgenamde~16.
Cvens istoriografiaSi mematianis am
cnobisadmi araerTgvarovani damokideb-
uleba damkvidrda; ufro xSirad `mas
mometebulad da gadaWarbebulad~ miiC-
neven. magram amaze sxva adgilas; amjerad
CvenTvis sainteresoa erTi udavo faqti,
rom momavali saqarTvelos miwa-wylis
ZiriTadi fondis gaerTianeba moxda af-
xazeTis samefos da misi axali _ bagra-
tionTa dinastiis irgvliv.
am udidesi, istoriuli mniSvnelobis
sakiTxis mogvarebas bagrat ̀ afxazTa me-
fis~ did politikur niWsa da saxelm wi-
foebriv alRos unda umadlodes STamo-
mavloba. man amis gakeTeba SeZlo, rogorc
ityvian, samarTlebrivi nor me bis dacviT,
misi xeliT. amitomacaa, rom am ocdaaT-
wliani moRvaweobis (978-1008) manZilze,
mis saxelmwifos aseT Tanami mdevrul
gaZlierebas gafacicebiT adevnebdnen
Tvalyurs rogorc erTmor wmune imperia,
aseve arabTa xalifatis adgilas sokoe-
biviT amosuli mahmadi anuri qveynebi. iv.
javaxiSvilis gansaz RvrebiT, `axla ki
bagrat III gaxda mefeT-mefe, afxazTa da
qarTvelTa mefed~17 (17. iqve, gv. 131). mema-
tianes _ daviT sumbatis Zis TqmiT ki, is,
`yoveli kavkasiis TviT mpyrobeli~, aris
afxazTa mefe da amasTan, imperiis mier
aRiarebuli _ `didi kuro palati~. ase
unda gavigoT mematianis mier Tqmuli da
ara ise, TiTqosda is calkea srulufle-
biani mefe afxazeTisa da calke _ raRac
SezRuduli uflebis matarebeli ̀ qarT-
velTa qveyanis~ kura pa lati.
* * *
bagrat III-is gamaerTianebeli saqmi-
anobis meoTxe periodi ZiriTadad ori
mimarTulebiT warimarTa. mematianis
TqmiT, Sida saqmeebis mowyobis parale-
lurad man `ganamravla laSqari TÂsi
umetes yovlisa Jamisa~18 da gadmovida
spiTa TÂisiTa qarTls. kaxeTis qorep-
is koposs daviTs SeuTvala, marto qarT-
lis cixeebi, rac mitacebuli gaqvs,
damib runeTo19. amdenad, `afxazTa me-
fis~ meoTxe etapis samxedro-politi-
kuri saqmianoba ZiriTadad mimarTulia
aRmosavleT isken da miznad isaxavs ara
marto kaxeT-hereTis miwebis SemoerTebas,
aramed zogadad _ kavkasi uri politi-
kis Semu Savebas, rogorc es Seefereba
regiona luri masStabis cen tra li zebul
sa mefos, amitom poli tikis veqtori mim-
arTulia mahmadianuri samyarosken, raTa
postxalifatur _ axlad gadanawile-
bul samyaroSi afxa zeTis kolx-iberu-
lma samefom Tavisi kuTvnili adgili
daikavos.
meore mimarTuleba, aranakleb mniSv-
nelovani, aris damoukidebeli, centra-
li zaciisken mimswrafi samefos Sesa-
ferisi kulturul-aRmSeneblobiTi
saqmianoba, ayvanili zogad saxelmwi-
foebriv donemde. amitom bagratis taZ ris
g. mWedliZiseuli Sefaseba, rom `gaer-
15. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 131.16. iqve, gv. 290.
17. iqve, gv. 131.
18. iqve, gv. 220.
19. iv. javaxiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 131.
16 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
Tianebis epoqis qarTuli sazoga do ebis
sulieri kulturis donis mate ri aluri
gansaxiereba iyo~20, srulad Seesabam-
eba mefe gamaerTianeblis saaR mSe neblo
poli tikas.
* * *
ucnobi mematiane mogviTxrobs: qarT-
lSi gadmosulma bagratma, romelic
`war emata yovelTa mefeTa~, wargzavna
moci quli kaxeTs da iTxova, maT mier
didi xnis ganmavlobaSi pyrobili ci-
xeebi ukan daebrunebinaT. magram, maT ar
inebes mocema cixeTa da SemoTvales:
`uke Tu eZieb cixeTa, iyos Cuen Soris da-
ma jerebel mklavi da omi. xolo me wina
mogegebo qsansa zeda~21.
bagrati am dros imyofeboda dlivs da
`ganagebda saqmeTa taosa da qar TlisaTa~,
radgan gurgen mefe axali micvalebuli
iyo. ra Tqma unda, kaxelTa aseTma pasuxma
friad gaanawyena mefe. miT umetes, rom
memkvidreobiT ekuTvnis, magram, samwux-
arod, mis am gonier, saxelmwifoebrivad
gamarTul politi kas upirispirdeba feo-
daluri, zRvarga dasuli Tavxedoba da
anCxloba. amitom, rogorc saqarTvelos
istoriis saunive rsiteto saxelmZR-
vaneloSia Tqmuli, Tavisi xelisufleba,
rogorc dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqa-
rTvelos realuri mefisa, mas TviTon
unda moepovebina da moipova kidec22,
magram ara ise, rogorc iq ve, artanujel
_ klarj xelmwifeTa ambis aRwerisasaa
Tqmuli, rom qveynis gaerTianebisa da
xelisuflebis centra li zaciisTvis
bagrati araviTar saSua l ebas ar erideb-
oda23. swored rom, bag rati Tavis mefobis
yvela etapze moqme debs kanonierebis far-
glebSi, yvela memkvid re obiTi sakiTxis
gadawyvetas cdilobs mSvidobiani gziT,
mudam imis cdaSia, Tavi aaridos uazro
sisxlis Rvras da kide vac aRwevs mas,
ramdenadac es SesaZ lebeli iyo im ur-
Tules xanaSi. ase iyo amjeradac, magram
mis mSvidobian iniciativasa da kanonier
moTxovnas win ugunurobis yru kedeli
daxvda. amitom bagratma `gagzavna kaci
moswrafed, awÂa spaTa afxazeTisa da
qarTlisaTa, da TÂTa waremarTa zemoTa
laSqriTa, gaiara TrialeTi, gavlo xidi
mcxeTisa da moer Tnes Tana afxazni da
qarTvelni. dadga TianeTs, da iwyo Semus-
vrad kaxe Tisa~24. am wyaroze dayrdnobiT,
iv. ja vaxiSvili adgens, rom es brZola
kaxeTi sTvis or wels gagrZe lebula.
kaxeTSi Casulma bag ratma daipyra hereTi
da iq Tavisi mTavari abulali ganaCina.
magram gaemgzavra Tu ara is Sinisken, ma-
Sinve he reTi gadaudga axal batons da
daviT qorepiskoposs miemxro. bagrati
iZuleb uli gaxda kvlav Seegrovebina
laSqari da gamoel aSqra kaxeT-hereTSi.
mematianis cnobiT, `kacni hereTisani
mierTnes daviTs. aRiRo daviT hereTi.
aqedan, mcire xanSi miicvala is da
gamefda misi Svili kÂrike~25. amasobaSi
bagrati Semovida kaxeTs ̀ ZaliTa misiTa
miuwvdomeliTa~. xel axla daipyra her-
eTi, daiWira dinar dedofali da kax-
eTis cixeebis aRebas Seudga. ori wlis
ganmavlobaSi yvela simagre aiRo. xolo
boWormis cixeSi `wliTi wlamde~ mom-
wyvdeuli kÂirike damorCileboda. mefem
kaxeTidan wamoi yvana kÂrike da, rogorc
mematiane ambobs, ̀ (da)imWira TÂssa karsa
zeda~. amgvarad, bagrat mefem ori wlis
ganmavlobaSi mTeli kaxeT-hereTi dai-
pyra da Tavis samflobelos SemouerTa.
maSasadame, kaxeTis SemoerTeba 1010
wlisTvis momxdara26 bagrat III-is es sam-
flobelo ki afxaz eTis samefoa.
batoni ivanes TqmiT, `axla ki TiTq-
20. g. mWedliZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 6.21. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 20.22. saqarTvelos istoria, dasax. gamoc., gv. 257.23. iqve, gv. 261.
24. iqve, gv. 220.25. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 220.26. iv. javaxiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 131.
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 17
mis mTeli saqarTvelo gaerTianebuli
iyo: q. Tbilisisa da Sulaver _ bolni-
sis xeobaTa da taSiris garda erTeul
saxel mwifos Seadgenda~27. am gaerTianeb-
uli samefos mefe da axali dinastiis
fuZemdebeli bagrat III bag rationis
titulaturaa: mefe afxa zTa da qarT-
vel Ta. am Jamidan is erTaderTi mefea
gaerTianebuli qveynisa.
iqmneba Sesabamisi titulatura, rome-
lic asaxavs mefis Zalauflebis xarisxs.
mematiane am princips ganuxrelad icavs.
is bagrat mefis mimarT xmarobs mxolod
epi Tets `didi~. fadlonis Tavxedobis
gamo mefis reaqcias ase aRwers: `ixila
ra didman mefeman~ (xazi yvelgan Cvenia.
_ m.z.) bagrat kadniereba misi, SeZr wun-
da...~28 iqve ase aRwers ranis dapyrobas:
`am an didman... mefeman bagrat warmotyu ena
qveyana ranisa,...~. sxvagan: `amanve did-
man mefeman aRaSena saydari bediisa, da
Seqmna saydrad saepiskoposod~29. igive
mematiane ase aRwers mis ralur mdgoma-
reobas gaerTianebul qveyanaSi: `aravin
yofil ars sxua mefe msgavsi misi queya-
nasa qarTlisasa da afxazeTisasa~30.
maSa s adame, yovelgvari komentarebis
gareSe cxadia, rom memati ani sTvis, ibe-
riis samefos memkvidre qar T lia, xolo
lazeTisa (kolxeTis) _ afxazeTi, dRes
am gaerTianebul qveynebs hyavs erTi mefe,
`mefe afxazTa~ _ bagrat III. amitom didi
ivane javaxiSvilis mier Tqmuli, rom
gurgenis gardacvalebis (1008 w.) Semdeg:
`exla ki bagrat III gaxda mefeTa-mefed,
afxazTa da qarTvelTa mefed, arRvevs
istoriul realobas da ufro Seefa-
rdeba reaqcioner feoda lTa ramdenamde
`wvril-wvril~ survi lebs, vidre im xa-
nis progresul Sexedu lebebs da mis gan-
maxorcielebel sazo gadoebas, rom lis
rigebSi unda movi azroT Cveni mema tiane.
am mematianis mimarT ndoba sayove-
lTaoa. iv. javaxiSvilis TqmiT, avtors
xelT hqonia mniSvnelovani wyaroebi,
gansakuTrebiT bagrat III-is Sesaxeb unda
hqonoda uxvi da vrceli cnobebi, imaze
meti, rasac is Cven gvawvdis, amas TviT-
onac mkafiod gvamcnobs bagratis daxa-
si aTebis dros31 . maSasadame, gamoTqmuli
mosaz rebani, TiTqosda is rames amateb-
des da azviadebdes real obas, arafriT
dasturdeba, piriqiT, avtori, mTel rig
mizezTa gamo, albaT teqnik uriTac,
Tezisurad gadmogvcems bagratis did
saqmeebs. amitom dauSve belia dairRves
istoriuli movlenaTa mis mier agebuli
konstruqcia.
amdenad, 1010 wlisTvis bagrat III aris
gaerTianebuli saxelmwifos _ afxaz-
eTis erTaderTi mefe da ara mefeT-mefe
saTanado titulaturiT: mefe afxazTa
da qarTvelTa, rasac Semdeg emateba
`kaxTa da herTa, ranTa~. aq daculia
gaerTianebis mimdinareobis qronologia,
titula tu raSi `ranTa~ mefis wodebad
gaCena cxa dad miuTiTebs albaneTis
didi nawilze bagrat III-is kompetenciis
gavrcele baze~32. maSasadame, aRmosav-
leTiT gafar To ebis am etapze, axlad
formirebadi saxelmwifos ofi cialuri
saxelwo debaa afxazeTis same fo, rogo-
radac mas moixseniebs TviTon bagrati
`afxazTa divnis~ minawerSi.
* * *
bagratis aRmosavluri politika
kaxeT-hereTis SemomtkicebiT ar dasru-
lebula. iv. javaxiSvili brZanebs: bag rat
mefe iZulebuli iyo, ranSic gae la Sqra.
am process mematiane ase gadmo gvcems:
mas Jams gandidna fadlon, amira ganZisa,
iwyo kirTebad erisTavTa her eTisa da
kaxeTisaTa, JamiT-Jamas meko breobiT da 27. iqve, gv. 131.28. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 221.29. iqve, gv. 222.30. iqve, gv. 222.
31. iv. javaxiSvili, 1977, 205-206, g. mWedliZe gv. 12.32. g. mWedliZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 6.
18 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
parviT rbevad da tyvevnad adgiliTi
adgilad. ixila ra ese kadni ereba misi,
didad SeZrwunda bagrati da didi mefe
ganemzada yovliTa spiTa misiTa; warg-
zavna mociquli winaSe gagik SahinSa
somexTa mefisa; moiwvia is raTa iZios
Suri fadlonze. man sixaruliT miiRo es
mowveva da mTeli Tavisi spiT wamoemarTa
da movida winaSe bagrat afxazTa mefisa33.
mematianis cnoba kidev erTxel adastu-
rebs Cvens mosazrebas, rom bagratis mier
gaerTian ebuli qveyana afxazeTia. amas
niSnavs Tqmuli: gagik SahinSa somexTa
mefe mov ida `winaSe afxazTa mefisa~.
maSasadame, afxazeTis samefo warmoa-
dgens mTavar warmmarTvel Zalas mTeli
kavkasiis masStabiT. aqedan moyolebuli
bagrat III-is politikuri saqmianoba
iRebs saerTaSoriso masStabebs, saero
da saxelmwifoebriv urTierTobebTan er-
Tad wina planze gamodis sarwmu noebrivi
urTierTobani da sul sxva xarisxSi ahy-
avs afxazeTis samefos adgi li da roli
kavkasiisa da axlo aRmosa vleTis mTel
sivrceSi.
mematianis mier Tqmuli, rom gagik
mefem Turme `ganizraxa sixaruliTa
didiTa~, ara marto imitom rom `fad-
loni masac ecileboda da emtereboda
xolme~, rogorc asoRiki gvamcnobs34,
aramed, qarTveli, `ucnobi mematianes~
TqmiT am samxedro kavSirs sarwmunoeb-
rivi safuZvelic hqonia. is wers: ̀ Sek rbis
ornive Zora kerts; mimarTes fad lons,
didad ganlaRebulsa, moZulesa qris-
tianeTsasa, romeli _ igi yovliT urT
eZiebad war wymedasa yoveliTa juar-
ismsaxurTasa~35. es Zalze mniSv nelo vani
cnobaa fadlonis winaaRmdeg am gaerTi-
an ebuli brZolis brZolaze mizezze.
samwuxarod, mas TiTqmis ar eqceva yur-
adReba, arada, es cnoba aSkaras xdis, rom
afxazeTis gaerTianebuli saxel mwifo
postxalifatur kavkasiaSi qris tianuli
sarwmunoebis mTavar damcvel Zalad
gvevlineba, rac, Tavis mxriv, gviCvenebs
bagrat III-is saeklesio aRm Seneb lobis
ara marto ideur, aramed politikur
miznebsac.
zorakertidan daZruli afxazeTisa
da SahinSa somxeTis laSqari SeiWra
fadlonis sabrZanebelSi. daipyres mTe-
li qveyana ranisa, miadgnen qalaq Sam-
qors. `daudgna filakvanni, da mci redTa
dReTa dalewnes zRudeni Sanqo risani~36.
qalaqi dacemis piras iyo. `xvalisa dRe
eguleboda Semu svrad~37, amitom imave Ra-
mes fad lonma gamougzavna mociqulni
bagrats, iTxova Sendoba; ̀ aRuTqva dReTa
Sina sicocxlisa misisaTa msaxureba,
gaukeTa xaraja da dauwera Tavis-TaviTa
laSq roba mterTa misTa zeda~38. bag ratma
moiwvia didebulebi da hkiTxa rCeva, maT
dazaveba urCies da mefec daeTanxma. gaa-
bruna fadlonis mociquli da imis piriT
ganZis amiras `auwya zavisa das turi~. es
laSqroba 1010-1014 w. unda momxdariyo,
fiqrobs iv. javaxiSvili39.
fadlonma zavis yoveli piroba sru-
lad aRasrulao, gvamcnobs Cveni wyaro:
`aRasrula yoveli igi, sityvaTa Tqmuli,
saqmiT~40. maSasadame, am xnidan ganZis
saamiro qarTvelTa qveSevrdomi gaxda,
riTac safuZveli Caeyara afxa zeTis
samefos zogadkav kasiur statuss, rac
gagrZelda misi saqa rTvelos feo dalur
monarqiad garda qmnis Semdgom xanebSic,
bagrat III-m da Slis piramde misuli `af-
xazTa samefo~ aqcia kavka si uri masSta-
bis centrali zebul saxel mwifod.
maSasadame, misi aRmo savluri politika
warmatebiT dagvirgvinda. win axali per-
speqtivebi isaxeboda.
33. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 221,.34. iv. javaxiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 132.35. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 221.
36. iqve, gv. 221.37. iqve, gv. 221.38. iqve, gv. 221.39. iv. javaxiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 132.40. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 132.
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 19
* * *
es, fexze mtkiced damdgari, kavkasi-
uri masStabis damoukidebeli qveyana, am
regionSi qristianeTmoZuleTa `risxva~
da `yovelTa juarismsaxurTaTa~ mfar-
veli, axla ukve Seecdeboda erTmorwmune
imperiasTan gaerkvia ara marto teri-
toriuli urTierToba da sazRvrebis
sakiTxi, aramed Tavisi kuTvnili adgili
daekavebina marTlmadidebel saqris-
tianoSi. amis damamowmebeli mravali
faqtia mocemuli qarTuli agiogra fiul
mwerlobaSi, erTi mxriv, da, meorec amaze
mianiSnebs am bolo etapis bagrat III-is
kulturul-aRmSeneblobiTi da saekle-
sio~ religiuri politika.
amis dasturi unda iyos is faqti, rom
Cveni sityvaZunwi ̀ ucnobi mematiane~ mah-
madianur ranTa saamirosTan omis ambebi-
dan pirdapir gadadis saeklesio aRmSene-
blobiT saqmeTa aRweraze. es Zalze mniS-
vnelovani momentia, vinaidan bizantias
kolx-iberul samefo- samTav roebTan ara
marto uflebrivi da teritoriuli pre-
tenziebi hqonda da Tavisi formaluri
gavlenis Senar Cunebas cdilobda (Ta-
visi gavlenis sferod miiCnevda), rasac
is axerxebda kidec saimperio wodebaTa
`boZebiT~ Tu mimarTvis wesiT, aramed
agreTve cdil obda, xelidan ar gaeSva
sarwmunoebrivi sadaveebi da mcxeTis
avtokefaliuri sapatriarqos gavlena
SeezRuda, ierar qiulad daeqvemdebare-
bina konstan tinopolis sapatriarqosT-
vis. amis prete nzia antioqiasac hqonda,
Tumca es impe riis ganzraxulobas didad
ver Seu Slida xels, radganac antioqia
TviT onac imperiis ganuyofel erTeuls
warmoadgenda.
religiur-sarwmunoebrivi politi-
kis TvalsazrisiT berZnuli eklesiis
gavlena, ra Tqma unda, ufro Zlieri iyo
lazTa samefos samemkvidreo teri to-
riebze, sadac didi xniT RvTismsaxureba
ZiriTadad berZnul enaze mimdinar eobda,
gansakuTrebiT aq bizantiis spar seTze
gamarjvebis Semdeg, vidre arabTa mom-
Zlavrebamde; ris Semdeg ufro qar Tul-
elinuri saeklesio msaxurebasTan gvaqvs
saqme.
berZnulenovani RvTismsaxureba al-
baT ufro zRvispira zolSia mosalo-
dneli, sadac berZnuli mosaxleoba _
vaWar-xelosnebi _ ufro mZlavrad iyo
fexmokidebuli, vidre Sida raionebSi.
amitom bagrat III-isTvis, rogorc kolx-
iberuli samyaros gamaerTianebeli
monarqisTvis, saeklesio-sarwmunoebrivi
problemebis mogvareba da misi erTiani
saxelmwifos farglebSi moqceva erTi
upirvelesi sakiTxTagani unda yofil iyo
Tavneba didebul-aznaurTa moTok visa da
maTi kanonierebis farglebSi moqcevis
Semdeg.
amdenad, Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas,
gaerTianebuli samefos fuZemdebeli
mefe iyo ara marto saxelmwifos kanon-
mdeblobis Semqmneli da reformatori,
aramed is cdilobs Tavi daaRwios bi-
zantiis eklesiis gavlenas da qristi-
anuli sarwmunoeba Seuxamos ukve mom-
wifebuli erovnuli TviTSegnebis do nes,
is gaxados axali saxelmwifoebrivi
ideis sulier-makonstruirebel Zalad,
amitom bagrati aris qarTuli eklesiis
axlebur yaidaze gardaqmnis fuZemdeb-
eli, rac sabolood aRasrula daviT
aRmaSenebelma Tavis mier Seqmnili saqar-
Tvelos saxelmwifos farglebSi.
amdenad, bagrat `afxazTa mefis~ xe-
liT eyreba safuZveli ara marto gaer-
Tianebuli feodaluri monarqiis Seqm-
nas kavkasiaSi, aramed, sinamdvileSi, misi
didi RvawebiT iwyeba qarTuli eklesiis
qristianuli sarwmunoebis forpostad
gadaqceva mahmadianuri samya ros Crdi-
lo-aRmosavleT mijnaze.
* * *
maSasadame, rogorc zemoTac iTqva,
bagrat III am etapze gansakuTrebul
yuradRebas aqcevs kulturul da sar-
wmunoebriv sakiTxebs, gansakuTrebiT
saeklesio aRmSeneblobiT saqmianobas.
mematianis cnobiT, bagrat III-m bediaSi
aago taZari, gudavidan aq gadmoitana
saepiskoposo kaTedra da is Sesaferisad
20 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
uzrunvelyo materialurad, Seswira mas
soflebi da xevebi.
bagrat III-is saeklesio-saaRmSeneblo
saqmianobis aRweras mematiane iwyebs
swored bediis taZris agebisa da misi
daniSnulebis gadmocemiT. is wers:
`amanve didman mefeman aRaSena saydari be-
diisa, da Seqmna saydrad saepiskoposod,
Sewirna sofelni mravalni yovelTa
xevTa da adgilTa, ganasrula yovliTa
gangebiTa, Seamko yovliTa samkauliTa
eklesia, akurTxa da dasva episkoposi~41.
bagratis saeklesio saq mianobaze sxva
cnobebi romc ar gvqondes, esec kmara
mTeli rigi logikuri das kvnebis gasa-
keTeblad.
albaT esaa gardamtexi momenti saek-
lesio da saxelmwifo xelisufalTa
urTierTobaSi. am etapze mefe aregu-
lirebs religiur saqmianobasac. is
Zveleburad ar uSvebs sasuliero
ierarqiis zomaze metad Carevas mefis
(saxelmwifos) saqmianobaSi. is sinqro-
nulad warmarTavs rogorc saero
mowyobis, aseve saeklesio reformirebis
sakiTxs, pirvel rigSi, eklesiis centra-
lizaciisa da erTiani RvTismsaxurebis
wesis dadginebisas, kerZod, berZnul
enaze RvTismsaxurebis moSlas, mTeli
samefos farglebSi RvTismsaxurebisa
da kanonikuri saqmianobis qarTul
sadamwerlobo-saliteraturo enaze
gadawyobas. am mizans isaxavda bediis
taZris ageba da gudayvidan saepis ko-
posos gadmotana.
gudayvis saepiskoposo, rogorc viciT,
imTaviTve berZnuli eklesiis daqvemde-
barebaSi iyo da, Sesabamisad, aq saekle-
sio saqmianoba berZnul enaze warmoebda,
rogorc mTel zRvispira zolSi. maSa-
sadame, gudayvis saepiskoposos moSla
da misi bediaSi gadatana unda miviRoT
kolx-iberuli sivrcidan berZnuli enis
gandevnad da qarTuli saeklesio RvTism-
saxurebisTvis safuZvlis Cayrad zRvis-
pira regionebSi.
maSasadame, bagrati qveynis gaerTi-
anebisa da misi reformirebis kval da-
kval Sesdgomia eklesiis refor ma ciasac.
mematiane xSirad adarebs bag rats vax-
tangs da es SemTxveviToba ar unda iyos,
iseve, rogorc vaxtangi Se ecada mTeli
qarTveluri sivrcis erTian samefod
gaerTianebas da ekle siis am saxelm-
wifosadmi daqvem deb arebas, bagratic
cdilobs gaerTi anebuli saxelmwifos
samsaxurSi Caay enos eklesia da gaxados
is ara marto sarwmunoebrivi, aramed
erovnuli ideis safuZvelic. albaT be-
dis ironiiT, mas uxdeba vaxtangis saekle-
sio refor mebi dan SemorCenili wesis,
berZnulad RvTis msaxurebis warmoebis
sabolood amoZirkva, rac gansakuTrebiT
fexmo kid ebuli iyo bizantiis gavlenis
sferoSi moqceul yofili lazeTis same-
fos zRvispira teritoriebze. bizantiis
am eklesiur Zalmomreobas zurgs umag-
rebda e.w. `sami saRvTo enis~ (elinuris,
ebraulis da laTinuris) Teoria.
bagrat III-is mier ̀ afxazTa samefo dan~
berZnuli RvTismsaxurebis gan devna did
windaxedulobasa da gonivrul Rvawe-
bas moiTxovda, miuxedavad imisa, rom am
etapze qarTveluri modgmis TviT Segneba
sakmaod momwifebuli iyo erov nuli er-
TianobisTvis.
man gudayvis saepiskoposos moSliT da
misi bediaSi gadmotaniT qmediTi nabiji
gadadga eklesiis reformirebis gzaze.
es reforma saxelmwifos mSeneb lobis
konteqstSi unda aRviqvaT. mefe eklesia-
sa da saxelmwifos Soris urTi erTobas
agebs bizantiur modelze, sadac eklesia
saxelmwifos kontrolis qveS iyo da
warmoadgenda saxelmwifo ideologiis
mTavar sayrdens.
bediis saepiskoposos Seqmna Zalze
didmniSvnelovani movlena rom iyo,
es kargad Cans mematianis mravalmniS-
vnelovani naTqvamidan: `ukeTu visme
enebos gancdad da gulisxmis _ yofad
simaRlisTvis didebisa misisa, pirvelad
ganicados samkauli bediisa eklesiisa,
da misgan gulisxma-yos, romel aravin
yofil ars sxua mefe msgavsi misi que-41. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 222.
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 21
yanasa qarTlisasa da afxazeTisasa~42.
mematianis mier bagrat III-is saek lesio
aRmSeneblobis aseTi daxasiaTeba mraval
qveteqstsa da konteqsts moicavs. maT
Soris iseTs, romelic Cvens Tanamed-
roveobasac exeba, rogorc am teqstis
uSualo adresatebs.
`ganicados samkauli bediisa ekle-
siisa~ araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar gul-
isxmobs oden bediis taZris morTu lobas,
CvenTvis kargad cnobili `bediis barZi-
mis~ magaliTze, romlis meSveo bi Tac
SeiZleboda Sefasebuliyo im mefis saqme,
romlis msgavsi aravin yofila ̀ qveyanasa
qarTlisasa da afxazeTisasa~. mematianem
mSvenivrad icis vaxtang gorgaslis didi
saqmeni, magram mainc, is saqme, rac gakeTda
bediis taZris aSenebiTa da iq kaTedra-
lis gadmotaniT, aRemateba vaxtangis
saqmianobas, romel mac iveriis eklesias,
Tu sruli ara, nawilobrivi Tavisufleba
mainc SesZina da RvTismsaxureba mSob-
liur enazedac gaxda SesaZlebeli.
bagratma ki am kaTedralis daarsebiT
sabolood gan devna ucxo _ berZnuli
ena saeklesio cxovrebidan, riTac iri-
bad wertili dausva imperiis afxazeTis
gaerTia nebuli saxelmwifos mimarT
sulieri da politikuri mfarvelis
pretenziebs.
bagrat III-is mier bediis taZris aSeneba
da iq saepiskoposo kaTedris gadmotana
imdenad gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis
movlena yofila, rom mematiane misiT
afasebs qveynis gamaer Tianebeli mefis
mTeli saqmianobis bunebas, mis sulier
sazriss. amasTan, mas sul sxvanairi mid-
goma aqvs quTaisis grandiozuli taZris
aSenebisa da misi sazeimod gaxsnis re-
zonansul sakiTxTan.
g. mWedliZis TqmiT, mematiane bediis
taZris aSenebas aRwers sruliad gans-
xvavebuli leqsikiT, vidre quTaisis
kaTedralis agebas, sadac ZiriTadad
Warbobs sazeimo panegirikuli toni43.
maSas a dame, mematiane amCnevs im arsobriv
gans xva vebas, romelic arsebobda gaer-
Tia ne buli qveynis am ori religiuri
obieq tis adgilisa da rolis Taobaze
maSi ndel epoqaSi.
bagratis mier quTaisis taZris aSeneba
da misi sazeimo gaxsna sxva daniSnul-
ebis movlenaa, vidre bediis saepis koposo
taZrisa. quTaisis taZari _ esaa gaer-
Tianebuli qveynis mTavari kaTed rali _
samefo taZari. is simboloa ero vnuli
erTianobisa da damou kideb eli saxelm-
wifoebriobisa. mematianis mier aRwerili
movlena samefo taZris sazeimod gaxs-
nis Taobaze sinamdvileSi aris kargad
gaazrebuli politikuri aqcia afxaze-
Tis samefos sruli damo uki deblobis
gacxadebisa da miTiTeba mis adgilsa da
rolze ara marto kavkasiis masStabiT,
aramed mTel wina aziaSic.
ucnobi mematiane ase aRwers am did-
mniS vnelovan movlenas: `amanve akurTxa
eklesia quTaisisa gangebiTa didiTa da
miuwvdomeliTa. rameTu Semoekriba max-
lobelni yovelni xelmwifeni da kaTa-
likosni, mRvdelTmoZRuarni, da yovelni
didebulni zemoni da qvemoni, mamulisa
da samefosa misisa myofni, da saxel-
mwifoTa da sxuaTa yovelTa saxel mwi-
foTani~44. amdenad, mema tianis sazeimo
toni aSkarad migvani Snebs im realur
politikur viTarebaze, romelSic imyo-
feboda bagrat III-is didi RvawebiT
Seqmnili afxazeTis gaerTi anebuli _
damoukidebeli samefo, ro melzedac
ityvis meistorie: `ese bagrat afxazTa
da qarTvelTa mefe waremata yo velTa
xelmwifeTa yovelTa gangeb iTa~45. aq
`afxazTa~ da `qarTve lTaSi~ miTiTebaa
am gaerTianebuli samefos ZveliTganve
momdinare, `lazeT-kolxeTis~ da `ibe-
ria-qarTlis~ mefe ebze.
bagrat III-is mier Seqmnili saxel-
mwifos saxeldeba `afxazeTis samefo~
ise myarad damkvidrda saerTaSoriso
arenaze, rom daviT aRmaSeneblis mier
Tbilisis ganTavisuflebis da misi de-
daqalaqad gamocxadebis Semdegac am
ax al saxelmwifos _ saqarTvelos didi
42. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 222.43. g. mWedliZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 580.
44. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 222.45. iqve gv. 222.
22 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
xnis ganmavlobaSi afxazeTad moixseni-
ebdnen garemomcvel samyaroSi, vidre
TurqTa gavleniT ar damkvidrda ̀ gur ji~
_ `gurjistani~ da misi mravali nair-
saxeoba.
* * *
wina periodebisgan gansxvavebiT, am
epatze `afxazTa mefe~ bagrat mesamis
saxelmwifo-politikuri saqmianoba
scildeba qveynis gaerTianebisken mi-
marTul konkretul CarCos. is am peri-
odSi gamodis saerTaSoriso arenaze,
rogorc didi masStabis saxelmwifo
moRvawe, damoukidebeli saxelmwifos
sruluflebiani monarqi. Sesabamisad,
mTeli misi saxelmwifo-politikuri
saqmianoba Seesabameba am rangis moT-
xovnebs. afxazeTis samefo uSualod dau-
mezoblda sparseTs, is Tavis `meg obrad
da erTgulad-yo~. amdenad, bagrat III-is
`aRmosavluri politikac~ war matebiT
dagvirgvinda.
bagrat III-is, rogorc gaerTianebuli
qveynis _ ̀ afxazTa samefos~ srulufle-
biani mefis, moRvaweobis Sedegs ase aj-
amebs daviT sumbatis Ze: `gardaicvala
es gurgen mefeTa-mefe, Ze bagrat qarTve-
lTa mefisa, qoronikonsa s~k~À, (1008 w,.
m.z.) da dauteva Ze ese Tvsi bagrat, af-
xazTa mefe, kuropalati didi, da eufla
taos mamulsa Tvsaa da daipyra yoveli
kavkasia TvTmpyrobelobiTa jiqeTidgan
vidre gurgenamde, xolo adarbadagani
da Sirvani moxarke-yo, somxiTisa xel-
mwi febiTa, nebierad ganagebda, mefe
spa rsTa TÂs megobrad da erTgulyo
sibr ZniTa da ZlierebiT TvsiTa ufros
saxleulTa TvisTasa, da berZenT mefe-
saca SiSi aqunda amisi yoveldave~46.
daviT sumbatis Zis am cnobebis mimarT
CvensistoriografiaSi gabatonebuli
orWofuli damokideb ul ebis miuxedavad,
rogorc zemoT aRwerili movlenebidan
Cans, mematianis am daskvnaSi araferia
gadaWarbebuli, yvelaferi istoriul
logikas eqvem deba reba. miT umetes, rom
saqme gvaqvs sxvadasxva mematianesTan;
ramdenadme imaves gvidastureben ucxo-
eli istori kosebic (aristakesi, iahia an-
ti oqeli, asoRiki (taroneli) da sxva ni).
arc is unda iyos SemTxveviTi, rom da-
viT sumbatis Ze berZnebTan urTier Tobis
aRweriT amTavrebs Tavis Sefa sebas
bagrat III-is mefobis bolo perio dis sa-
mezoblo da saerTaSoriso poli tikaze.
am Sefasebidan kargad Cans, rom afxa-
zeTis samefos politikuri urTierToba
bizantiasTan ̀ gansakuTrebulia~; aSkaraa
urTierTundobloba; yvelaferi SiSi Taa
gamsWvaluli. erTmorwmune imperiis admi
aseT damokidebulebas Tavisi mizezebi
hqonda, da amas daviT sumbatis Ze marto
erTi raime konkretul mizezs ki ar
ukavSirebs, Tundac daviT kurapalatis
samflobelos Zalad warta cebas, aramed
imas, rom bagrat III-m SeZlo `afxazTa
samefos~ irgvliv TiTqmis mTeli kolx-
iberuli miwa-wylis gaer Tia neba, erTiani
centralizebuli saxelmwifos Seqmna
da saerTaSoriso asparezze gasvla
ara marto politi kuri TvalsazrisiT,
aramed religiu radac. is mTeli kavka-
siis masStabiT gamodioda qristianobis
mfarvelad.
somexTa mefe gagikma `ganixara sixa-
ruliTa didiTa~, imitom rom bagrati mas
uxmobda qristianeTmoZule fad lonis
winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad, `moZu lesa
qristianeTasa~, maZiebelsa `warw ymedasa
yovelTa juarismsaxurTasa~.
afxazeTis samefos aseTi `ideuri~
gaZlierebis SiSi rom arsebobda imperi-
is karis ideologebSi, es kargad Cans
Cvens agiografiul mwerlobaSi, rac
Cvenze ukeT uwyoda daviT qronikosma
da amitomac Tqva: `da berZenTa mefesaca
SiSi aqunda amisi yovladve~. politi-
kuri SeuTavseblobis ZiriTadi sababi
ki, romelic yovel wuTs SeiZleboda
amoqmedebuliyo, `naanderZevi miwebis~
problema iyo.
saerTaSoriso asparezze gamosuli
afxazeTis saxelmwifos Zlieri mefe
axla ukve ar moiTmens im Tavnebobas,
rac Caidina basili keisarma daviT kura-46. iqve, gv. 290.
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 23
palatis gardacvalebis Semdeg. is ukan
moiTxovs Tavis kuTvnil miwa-wyals,
naanderZevs mamobilisgan, istoriuli
iberiis teritoriebs, qarTuli modgmis
odindel samemkvidreos.
wayruebis drom gaiara. bizantielebi
ganawyenebuli gurgenis gamoxtomasac
ver SeewinaaRmdegnen Tavis droze, roca
is maT mier waRebul olTisis cixes
`gars Semoewyo~ da oden kankil magis-
trosis SuamdgomlobiT dauzavda ba-
sils: `gurgen da berZenni dazavdnen~
(asoRiki). amjerad kavkasiis masStabis
saxelmwifos gadamterebas marTlac
unda morideboda. yoveli SemTxvevisTvis,
`aRmosavleTis saqmeebis~ mogvarebis Sem-
deg, aSkara iyo, rom bagratis yurad Reba
mTlianad mimarTuli iqneboda samxreT-
dasavleTisken, sadac afxazeTis saxelm-
wifos kanonieri interesebi ejaxeboda
bizantiis imperiisa da misi sateliti
juja qveynebis interesebs.
* * *
Cveni SexedulebiT, am mwvave poli-
tikuri dapirispirebis erT-erT gamo-
vli nebad unda aRviqvaT sumbatis Zis
cnoba klarjeTis erisTavTa, bagrat ar-
tanujelis ZeTa _ sumbatisa da gur genis
tragikuli bedis Sesaxeb. amis varaudis
saSualebas gvaZlevs is gar emoeba, rom
es ambavi, romelic win uswrebda aRmosav-
leTis brZolebs, mematianes gadmoaqvs
gviandel xanaSi, masze gviyveba bagrat
III-is mTeli bolo periodis saqmiano-
bis Sejamebis Semdeg da raRacnairad
mas uSualod miabams `berZenTa SiSis~
dafiqsirebas, rac Zalauneburad gvi-
biZgebs iqiTken, rom es ori movlena
erTmaneTs davukavSiroT, vinaidan Cvens
istoriografiaSi es movlena imdenadaa
gazviadebuli, lamis daCrdilos am
SorsmWvreteli mefis saxelmwifoebriv-
fuZemdebluri saqmi anoba.
daviT sumbatis Ze bagrationi, Tanamed-
rove am movlenebisa, am ambavs ase agvi-
wers: bagrat kuropalatma moiyvana
klarjni xelmwifeni sumbat da gur-
gen, Zeni bagrat artanujelisani, Tvsni
mamidiswulni, darbazobda fanaskertis
cixeSi, Sei pyrna igini. Casva Tmogvis
cixeSi, xolo maTi qveyana da cixeni
TviTon aRiRo. iq. Tmogvis cixeSive gar-
daicvala sumbat artanujeli qoro-
nikonsa s-l-a (1011 w.), egreTve amasve
welsa Sina gurgenica gardaicvala s-l-b
(1012 w.) xolo Svilni maTni war vides
konstantinepoled, Ze sumbatisi bagrat
da Ze gurgenisi demetre, basili mefis
winaSe. maTni Svilni klarjTa mefeTani
romelnic darCnen, yvelani daixocnen
patimrobaSi47.
iv. javaxiSvili am aqts ukidures sa-
Sualebad miiCnevs: `saqarTvelos poli-
tikuri gaerTianebis gansamtki ceb lad
bagrat III-m erTxel ukidures saSualeba-
sac ki mimarTa, rom klar jeTSi mSvidobi-
anoba uzrunveli yofi l iyo da mosalod-
neli gandgomis SiSi moespo~48. m. lorTq-
ifaniZis TqmiT, qveynis gaerTianebisa da
xelisuflebis centra li zaciisaTvis
bagrati araviTar saSua lebas ar er-
ideboda. man, roca yovel nairad scada
Tavis uaxloesi naTesa vebis mefis xe-
lisuflebisTvis daqvem debareba, magram
darwmunda, sxva gamo savali ar iyo, isini
fanaskertis cixeSi moiwvia darbazobad,
Seipyro da Tmogvis cixeSi gamoketa49. aq
TiTqmis javaxiSvilis naweris perifra-
zsTan gvaqvs saqme, magram didi gansxva-
vebaa pirvelis ̀ ukidures saSualeba~ da
`araviTar saSualebas ar erideb odas~
Soris. pirveli gulisxmobs iZulebiT
RonisZiebas, roca sxva gamo savali ar
arsebobs, meore ki, roca es wesadaa miRe-
buli, araviTar saSualebas ar moeridos
Tavis subieqturi Tu obieq turi miznis
misaRwevad. bagrat me fe Zalze Sors
iWerda Tavs Zala dobisagan, is, Tu iyo
amis saSualeba, mudam midioda daTmo-
baze, cdilobda sakiTxis mSvido bianad
mogvarebas, SeiZ leba iTqvas, mas es wesad
eqca. ase iyo mefobis pirvel wlebSi,
or weliwads icada, vidre mSvidobianad
47. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 290.48. iv. javaxiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 131.49. saqarTvelos istoria, dasax. gamoc., gv. 261.
24 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
ar moagvara saqme Teodo re afxazTa
mefesTan da is ar gagzavna taos daviT
kurapalatTan; is SiSveli xelebiT dgeba
gurgen-mamamissa da daviT III-s Sua, win
warudgeba gaalmasebul aRmzrdelsa
da imperiis moxeles, Tavs wiravs, raTa
Tavidan aic ilos ZmaTa mkvleli omi; is
indobs baR vaSTa saxle ulobas, romelmac
TiTqmis mTeli ̀ af xaz Ta samefo~ kinaRam
Seiwira Tavisi feodaluri madis gamo.
gansakuTrebiT gonivruli da Sorsm-
Wvreteluri iyo misi qmedeba daviTis
gardacvalebis Semdeg basili keisris
mier misi samemkvidreo miwa-wylis war-
tyvevnisa da mravali provokaciuli
gamoxtomis miuxedavad. man simSvide
SenarCuna, roca es ver SeZlo moxucma
gurgenmac ki da drom rom ixelTa, mi uxta
olTiss; man bevri ram daTmo aRmosav-
leTSic, TviT qristesmoyvareT moZule
fadlonsac ki dauTmo. yovel Jams is mo-
gebuli da damajereblad gaZlierebuli
gamodioda. ase rom, imis Tqma, bagrati miz-
nis misaRwevad ganur Cevlad yovelgvar
saSualebebze midi odao, didi usamarT-
loba iqneboda. misi stili iyo, yvela
mSvidobiani saSualebis amowurvamde ar
miemarTa samxedro zomebisTvis. amitom
yvela SemfasebelTa Soris isev iv. javax-
iSvilis mosazreba unda iyos realobas-
Tan axlos: is ufro didi ubedurebis _
sisxlis Rvris _ Tavidan asacileblad
midis am nabijze, `rom klarjeTSi mS-
vidobianoba uzru nveli yofiliyo~, ami-
tom aq stumarmas pin Zlobis zneobrivi
normebis moxmoba, rogorc amas zogierTi
mkvlevari ake Tebs, uadgiloa. miT umetes,
misi Tanamedrove mematiane erTi wuTiTac
ar ayenebs eWvqveS misi am aqciis marTebu-
lobas. is mxolod faqts gadmoscems,
romlis swori analizis SemTxvevaSi
ueWveli xdeba `xelmwifeebis~ orguli
buneba, rom isini imperiis erTguli
msaxurni da dasayrdeni iyvnen gaer Tia-
nebul samefoSi, romelic gardauvlad
unda Sesjaxeboda imperias mitacebuli
miwa-wylis dasabruneblad brZolaSi.
aseT SemTxvevaSi bagrats sxva arCevani
ar hqonda da, batoni ivanes swori gansa-
zRvrebiT, is iZulebuli gaxda, am zneo-
brivi TvalsazrisiT ukiduresi, mag ram
politikuri TvalTaxedviT optima luri
RonisZiebisTvis miemarTa, rome lic
SemdgomSi marTlac gadaizrdeboda
ukidures politikur RonisZiebaSi, Zma-
Ta mkvlel Sida omSi Tu ara, sisxlis-
mRvrel brZolaSi.
amis gaTvaliswinebiT srulebiT ar-
Rvevs realur situacias rogorc qro-
nologiurad, aseve gadmocemis tona l-
obiT. d. musxeliSvilis mier saqarTve-
los istoriis zemoT dasaxelebul saxe-
l mZRvaneloSi gamoTqmuli mosazreba,
rom bagrat III-m jer `gamTavrebuli~
rati baRvaSi dasaja, aiZula Tavis
mamulSi, argveTSi dabrunebuliyo, xolo
mis Svils misca qarTlSi TrialeTi
klde-karTa cixesimagriTurT, rogorc
moxele erisTavs, da amasTan mibma klar-
jeTis RonisZiebisa, rom `amis Semdeg ki
Tavisi naTesavi `klarji xel mwifeni~
daapatimra da cixeSi amoxada suli~
(xazi _ m.z.).
kidev ufro miuRebelia g. mWedliZis
mosazreba: `Cven vfiqrobT, rom taxtis
mxolod Tavisi memkvidrisTvis Sena-
r Cuneba iyo klarjeli bagrationebis
amowyvetis mizezebi~, es maSin, rogorc
TviTonve wers: `bagrat III-is am qmede-
bisTvis calsaxa Sefasebis micema garTu-
lebulia, radgan mematianis cnoba amis
saSualebas TiTqmis ar iZleva~.
mkvlevari, aseve yovelgvari mtkicebis
gareSe, am movlenis mimarT mematianis
dumils am aqciisadmi misi uaryofiTi
da moki debulebis gamomJRavnebad mi-
iCnevs: `igi uaryofiTad afasebda da mis
Sesaxeb moTxrobiT bagrat III-s Crdili
aRar miayena. sumbat daviTis Ze ki klar-
jeTeli bagrationebis tragi kul isto-
rias ordinaruli ambaviviT gadmogvcems
da bagrats arc sayvedurobs da arc
uwonebs Cadenils. gadawyvetiT raimes
Tqmis SesaZleblobas arc qvet eqstze da-
kvirveba iZleva. Cans, sumbat daviTis Zes
arc TviTon moepoveboda aseTi pasuxi~50.
50. g. mWedliZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 493.
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 25
Cven amjerad ar Sevu dgebiT mecnieris am
mosazrebis (rogorc vTqviT, miuRebelis)
kritikas, magram, is unda iTqvas, rom mis
meir dasmul kiTxvas, daviwyebas mieca Tu
ara bagratis didi saqmeni, misi Soreuli
STamomavlebis diadi miRwevis fonze,51
safuZveli ara aqvs. mis saqmeebs Crdils
ayenebs zemoT moyvanili teqstebis
tona loba da subieqtivizmi da maTi ms-
gavsi gamokvle vani, sadac eWvqveS ayeneben
bagratisgan mTeli Zveli samyaros mier
sayovelTaod aRiarebuli wesis, miT
umetes, gaer Tia ne bisTvis mebrZoli feo-
da luri qvey nisTvis _ daumorCilebeli
da ̀ gare ga mxedvari~ didebulis dasjis
marTeb ulobas. es norma da wesi kargadaa
cno bili daviT sumbatis ZisTvis, amito-
mac is Sors iWers Tavs zneobrivi msje-
lo bisgan, radgan man, klarjTa Stos bag-
rationma, rogorc amtkiceben mkvlevrebi,
uwyis im danaSaulTa simZime, romelic,
udavod, waredgina klarjeTis saxls.
xolo ̀ ucnobi mematiane~ mas marTlacda
imdenad ordinarul movlenad miiCnevs,
rom arc ki Tvlis aRniSvnis Rirsad.
amdenad, `klarj xelmwifeTa~ dasjis
sakiTxSi garkvevisTvis ar kmara daviT
sumbatis Zis cnobis subieqturi interp-
retacia, is ganxilul unda iqnes bagrat
III-is saxelmwifoebriv-politikuri
saqmianobis bolo periodis mTlian
konteqstSi, gansakuTrebiT bizantiasTan
politikuri urTierTobis konteqstSi,
TviT sarwmunoebriv-ierarqiuli pre-
ten ziebis gaTvaliswinebiT. manamde ki,
rogorc umetes SemTxvevaSi, amjeradac,
es iyo `ukiduresi saSualeba~, ro melic
iZulebiT gadadga bagrat mefem, raTa
`klarjeTSi mSvidobianoba uzru nveli
yofiliyo da mosalodneli gan dgo mis
SiSi moespo~52. dRe vandeli ga gebiT, es iyo
imperiis mier waqezebuli se paratizmis
winaaRmdeg mi mar Tuli RonisZieba, im
kritikul mome ntSi, roca sruliad kavka-
siis masStabis afxazeTis gaerTianebuli
saxelmwifo emzadeboda mis SuagulSi
kunZulad SemorCenili Tbilisis saa-
mirosa da umaduri basili keisris
mier mitac ebuli imiertaos miwa-wylis
dabrun ebisaTvis. klarjeli erisTavebis
moRal aturi qmedebebis mimarT wayrueba
aT wle ul obiT nagebi saxelmwifos dan-
g revasa da tanjva-va ebiT mopovebuli
damo ukideblobis da kargvis riskze
wasvlas niSnavda. amitom is mosazreba,
rom daviT sumbatis Ze ar axdens am mov-
lenis komentirebas, imitom rom ar unda
bagratis saxeli SebRalos, ab sur dulia.
mocemul SemTxvevaSi igi imitom ikavebs
Tavs Sefasebisgan, rom am sagva reulos im
Stos, romelsac Tvi Tonac ganekuTvneba,
samudamod ar daum kvidros moRalatis
saxeli. amis var audis ufl ebas gvaZlevs
misi Txrobis arqiteq tonika, rom ber-
ZenTa `SiSis am bavs~ moa yo lebs klarj
erisTavTa sagva reulo tragedias, xolo
mis Sem dgom bagrat III-is mier mTeli
samefos Semov las, romelsac man, Tu mi-
vyvebiT daviTis qronologiis logikas,
aranakleb wel i w adze meti moandoma,
rac arcTu ise didi dro unda iyos am
axlad Semoe rTebul teritoriebsa da
ymadnafic qve ynebTan mtkice wesrigis
damyarebis Tval sazrisiT, da imasac,
rom yoveli axali didi RonisZiebis
Catarebis win mefes axalgazrdobidanve
Cvevad hqonda, Zirfesvianad Semzadebuli-
yo. ase iyo gamefebis winac; aseve moiqca
kaxeT-her eTSi gadasvlis Jams da a.S.
amitom mema tianis mier Tqmuli _ `amissa
Sem dgomad mo vlo bagrat yoveli samefo
Tvssi~53 _ aSkarad imis maC venebelia, rom
is emzadeboda axali didi aqciisTvis
da aseT SemTxvevaSi zurgs ukan separa-
ti s tulad ganwyobil `xe lmwifeTa~
dato veba ugunuroba iqneboda, rac ar
sCve oda Wkvian mefes. amitom faqtad unda
miviRoT, rom klarjeTis operacia winas-
wari Ronis Zieba iyo axali masStaburi
po litikuri aqtis win, romlis obieqtic,
rogorc zemoT vTqviT, Tbilisis saam iro
da samxreTi tao unda yofiliyo. magram,
samwuxarod, mas am didi nabijebis ga-
dadgma ver dascalda, is mzadebis pro-
51. iqve, gv. 4.52. iv. javaxiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 131.
53. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 290.
26 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
c esSi gardaicvala, xolo mis STamo mav-
lebs misi ganxorcielebisTvis Zala ar
eyoT da es gaerTianebuli saxelmwifo
Tvalsa da xels Sua SemoefantaT.
* * *
bagrat sumbatis Ze gvamcnobs, rom
bagratma movlo samefo Tvssi, afxazeTi,
hereTi da kaxeTi, movida da daizamTra
`xevTa taosaTa~. maSasadame, Tu gurgen
klarji gardaicvala 1012 wels, xolo
bagratma qveynis Semovla iwyo mas
Semdeg, maSin, savaraudod, is 1013 wlis
gazaf xulidan mainc unda Sesdgomoda
qar Tuli miwebis Semomtkicebis axali
eta pisTvis mzadebas.
pirvelad movlo afxazeTi, e.i. jiq-
eTidan lixis mTamde, Semdgom hereTi da
kaxeTi, rac gulisxmobs ymadnafic Tu
moxarke qveynebTan urTierTobis garkve-
vas; aqedan TrialeT-kldekaris gavliT
Cadis taoSi. `movida da daiz amTra xe-
vTa taosaTa~, xolo zafxuls mivida
fanaskertis cixeSi, rac gvafi qrebinebs,
rom klarjeTis operacia da mis mier
qveynis Semovla erTi da imave didi
gegmis nawilia da ufro mima rTulia Ta-
visi kanonieri miwa-wylis, _ imiertaos
dabrunebisken. ise Cans, es marTlacda
mSvidobis moyvare mefe amjeradac samar-
Tlianobis principiT moqmedebas arCevs
da kuTvnili miwa-wylis kanonierebis
farglebSi dabrun ebas ase cdilobs,
ris Semdegac didi sisxlis Rvris gar-
eSe Tbilisis dabru nebas araferi unda
dasdgomoda win.
movlenaTa ganviTarebis aseTi Sesa-
Zlo variantis daSvebulobas gvTava zobs
bagratis sikvdilis Semdeg dam dgari
realuri procesebi, roca giorgi I-sa da
basili keisars Soris taos miwa-wylisT-
vis brZola gardauvali gaxda. keisarma
am eqspansiis Semzadebas Svidi weli
moandoma, maSin roca bagrati waRebuli
miwebis SemoerTebas imave, 1014 welsve
gegmavda.
amdenad, bagrat III-is mier `klarj
xelmwifeTa~ mimarT gatarebul `sas-
tiki~ RonisZiebas realuri safuZveli
hqonda. am SemTxvevaSi, iv. javaxiSvilis
istoriuli TvalsazrisiT gamoTqmuli
mosazreba, romelzedac zemoT ukve iTqva,
ufro Seefereba simarTles, vidre mis
mierve feodaluri samarTlis kritikis
konteqstidan gamomdinare naTqvami, rom-
elsac g. mWedliZe mouxmobs da `unak-
los~ uwodebs. magram am sakiTxebis de-
taluri kvleva Cvens amJamindel miznebs
scildeba, amitom, yvelaze ufro mar-
Tebuli iqneboda, bagrationTa mematia-
nis pozicia gaviziaroT da es procesi
politikur konteqstSi gaviazroT. aseT
daskvnamde, bevri urTierTsawinaaRmdego
msjelobis Semdeg, g. mWedliZec midis:
bagrat III-is bagrationTa klarjeTis
StosTan angariSsworeba zneobasTan Se-
uferebel qcevad ar CaiTvleboda, xolo
saxelmwifoebriv-politikuri Tval-
saz risiT Seesabameboda saqarTvelos
erTia nobis, centraluri xelisuflebis
gaZ lierebisa da separatizmTan brZolis
interesebs.
* * *
bagrat III, rogorc zemoT vTqviT,
emzadeboda axali naxtomisTvis. man
moiara mTeli Tavisi samflobelo, Zir-
fesvianad Seemzada axali politikuri
aqciisaTvis. is tyuilad ar gaatarebda
mTel zamTars `taos xevSi~. man, albaT,
detalurad Seiswavla mTeli samxreT
qarTuli teritoriebis politikuri
viTareba da zafxulisTvis Sevida fa-
naskertis cixeSi, rac aSkara miniSneba
unda iyos imisa, rom is samxedro ope-
raciisTvis emzadeba. magram, samwuxarod,
mas es ar dascalda. sumbatis Zis cno-
biT, `da mora-iwia zafxuli, movida masve
cixesa fanaskertisasa welsa mesamesa, da
mun Sina gardaicvala ese bagrat qoro-
nikonsa s-l-d Tuesa maissa z-, dResa pa-
r askevsa, da dauteva Ze Tvsi giorgi da
dajda igi mefed wlisa i-À~54. ucnobi
mematiane ki gvamcnobs: ̀ mefobda ocdaT-
uq smeti weli da gar daicvala Semko bili
54. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 290.
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 27
mÃciTa SuenieriTa, qoronikonsa oras
ocdaToTxmetsa, Tuesa maissa Svdsa, dRes
paraskevs. da iyo dReTa micval eb isa
misisaTa taos. da warmoiRo guami misi
zviadman erisTavT-erisTavman, da damarxa
bedias~55 (xazi _ m.z.).
mefis neStis bediaSi gadasveneba da iq
dakrZalva, ueWvelad, misi anderZi samebr
moxdeboda, rogorc Cans, es sakiTxi didi
xniT adre iyo gadawyve tili da sayovel-
Taod cnobili, wina aRmdeg SemTxvevaSi,
Tavis mamapapiseul samSobloSi gardacv-
lili mefis neStis wasveneba bediaSi,
zogadad, afxazeTs da iq dakrZalva, sadac
maTi sagvareulodan aravin ganisvenebda,
alogikuri iqneboda. maSasadame, am aqts
_ mefis saZvaled bediis gamocxadebas
_ didi politikuri datvirTva unda
hqonoda.
pirvel rigSi, aRsaniSnavia is, rom am
aqtiT safuZveli eyreba gaerTianebuli
saxelmwifos _ afxazeTis axali dinas-
tiis samemkvidreo gansasveneblis daf uZ-
nebas. aseT adgilad bediis arCeva, roca
arsebobda quTaisis samefo sakaT edro
taZari, imis mimaniSnebelia, rom bedia
Tavidanve Cafiqrebuli iyo gaerTi-
anebuli saxelmwifos axal sasu li ero
centrad, berZnuli RvTis m saxurebis al-
ternativad.
mefis aq dasaflaveba xazgasma iyo
imisa, rom gaerTianebuli samefos mefe
iyo reformatori da mfarveli erov nul
niadagze aRorZinebuli qristia nuli
religiisa.
`dobili~, magram mainc ucxo berZnuli
enis eklesiidan gandevnisa dareli giuri
mowyobis sakiTxis saxelm wifo ebriv do-
neze gadaWra niSnavda eklesiis wiaRSi
Sobili merCuliseuli for mulirebis
axal xarixSi ayvanas.
tao-klarjeTis `mefeTa~ es mraval
Stod dayofili sagvareulo, bolos da
bolos, Camoyalibda, kolx-iberuli modg-
mis gaerTianebuli saxelmwifos _ afxa-
zeTis _ bagrationTa samefo dinas tiad.
amdenad, mocemulobaSi gvaqvs, centrali-
zebuli saxelmwifoebriv-po li tikuri
gaerTianeba mkvidrad dadge nili dinas-
tiiT, sazRvrebiT, samefo – yvela niSniT
(kulturuli centri, sam efo kaTedrali
da a.S.), axali sasuliero centriTa da
samefo akldamiT.
am aqtiT (mefis neStis bediaSi was-
venebiT) xdeba dagvirgvineba didi mefis
ocdaTeqvsmetwliani Rvawebisa. memati-
ane mxolod imas ityvis, rom `mef obda
ocdaTequsmet wels da gardaic vala
Semkobili mxciTa SuenierTa~-o.
* * *
mefe gegmazomierad midioda am miz nis-
ken. ar iyo advili uZvelesi laz-kolx-
uri da xosroianTa did dina s tiebSi
fesvebgadgmuli samefo sagvare ulos
adgilis daWera `kanonierebis~ sruli
dacviT. amitom iyo is usinaTlo Teodo-
sis Tanamefe, xolo mis Semdeg, yvelgan
da yvelaferSi mis gverdiTaa da sax-
elmwifo saqmeebSi monawileobs deda _
dedofali guranduxti; gansaku TrebiT
TvalsaCinoa misi Tanamo nawi leoba
saeklesio aRmSeneblobis proc esSi.
Zalze xSirad mefe da deda _ dedo-
fali erTad arian gamosaxulni maT mier
aSenebuli eklesiebis freskebze.
bagrat III, rogorc reformatori mefe,
ra Tqma, pirvel rigSi, Tavisi mefobis
kanonierebis istoriul dadgi nebas
Seecdeboda, rac, sabednierod, Cvenamde
SemorCenili wyaroTi dastur deba. es
saistorio wyaroa afxazeTis mefeTa
qronika _ `mefeTa divani~, rogorc iv.
javaxiSvilis mixedviT uwodeben mas,
xolo d. baqraZe `afxazeTis istoriad~
moixseniebs.
ierusalimis patriarqis dosiTeosis
cnobiT, is Sedgenilia 992 wels bagrat
III-is mier. mefeTa sias boloSi aqvs
bagrat III-is minaweri: `amaTa Semdgomad 55. iqve, gv. 223.
28 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
ineba RmerTman da vipyari me qveyana af-
xazeTisa (da ara afxazTa, m.z.), deduli
Cemi bagrat bagrationman, Zeman sul-
kurTxeulisa gurgenisaman, da asulisa
wulman giorgi afxazTa mefisaman~.
am minawers da, saerTod, Zegls eq. Ta-
yaiSvili afasebda ara rogorc isto rias,
aramed rogorc aqts, manifests, romli-
Tac bagrat III `gvamcnevs mis kano nier
gamefebas afxazeTis samefoSi~.
TayaiSvilis es mosazreba albaT
sworia. TviTon `mefeTa istoria~ bag-
rats ukve adre hqonia wesrigSi moyva-
nili, rogorc dosiTeosi gvamcnobs,
xolo minaweri, TayaiSvilis TqmiT, mani-
festi, darTulia mas Semdeg, rac garda-
icvala gurgen mefe (`Zeman sulkur-
Txeulisa gurgenisaman~, ambobs bagra-
ti). es imis Tqmis saSualebas gvaZlevs,
rom bagrati gaerTianebul qveyanas
miiCnevda afxazeTad, rac oficialuri
versiaa, gadmocemuli pirveli piris
mier. mis am axal xarisxSi warmoCenas
ar Cauvlia Sesabamisi oficialuri
RonisZiebis gareSe. ise Cans, es manifes-
ti sayovel Taod gamoucxadebiaT (al-
baT kurT xeviTac?!). amis Semdeg bagrati
aris afxazeTis gaerTianebuli samefos
mefe, nacvlad `mefe afxazTa da qarT-
velTasa~! ris Sesabamisadac gakeTebu-
la `mefeTa divanSi~ Sesabamisi Canaweri
sakuTriv mefis mier (brZanebiT). Canaw-
erSi adre uli wodeba `mefe afxazTa~
Zireuladaa Secvlili da brunvaSi
Semodis, ̀ qveyana afxazeTis~ Sesabamisad,
`mefe afxa zeTisa~. albaT am wesiTve
vRebulobT daviT aRmaSeneblis mier
aRorZinebuli da gafarToebuli afxa-
zeTis samefos adgilas `saqarTvelos
saxelmwifos~.
amdenad, bagrat mesame am `minaweriT~
Tavis Tavs miiCnevda Zveli kolx-ibe-
ruli warmomavlobis dinastiis gamgr-
Zeleblad da adgenda afxazeTis same-
fos axal dinastias. is iyo mpyrobeli
qveynisa, romelic saxels aZlevs mis
mierve Seqmnil axal saxelmwifoebriv
gaerTianebas _ afxazeTis samefos.
am samefoSi Semavali Zveli samefo-
sa erisTavoebi, regionaluri principiT
warmodgenilia mis titulaturaSi, rome-
lic, rogorc vnaxavT, iseve ganicdis
ev ol ucias, rogorc misi samefo _ afxa-
ze Ti.
es titulatura, romelic Semogvinaxa
bagratis mier aSenebuli nikorwmindis
warweram mkvlevarT Soris kamaTis sa-
gans warmoadgens; magram mainc, swored
masSia asaxuli bagratis epoqis sazoga-
doebis warmodgena TavianT samefoze
(qveyanaze).
iv. javaxiSvilma aTonis monastris
erTi xelnaweris mixedviT daadgina, rom
am manuskriptis gadaweris dros (1002 w.)
bagrat III-s miekuTvneboda tituli ̀ afxa-
zTa mefe da qarTvelTa kurapa lati~. mis-
ive ganmartebiT, `maSin igi mxolod af-
xazTa mefed iTvleboda, qar TlSi ki jer
ara, iq mas kurapalatobis pativi hqonda~.
qarTvelTa mefoba `bag ratma mxolod
1008 wels, gurgenis gar dacvalebis Sem-
deg, miiRo~56, xolo nikor wmindis taZris
agebis Jams viTareba Secvlilia.
nikorwmindis taZris warweraSi naT-
qvamia: `qriste Zeo RmrTisao, adide
simrTeliT da dRegrZelobiT Sen mier
gvirgvinosani bagrat afxazTa da ranTa
mefe da qarTvelTa kuropalati da gaza-
rde Ze maTi giorgi~57 maSasadame, es
`afxazTa da ranTa mefe da qarTvelTa
kuropalati~ udris `divnis~ minawerSi
miTiTebul `afxazeTis mefes~.
amdenad, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT,
saxezea afxazTa samefos evolucia
regi onaluri samefodan kavkasiuri
masSta bis centralizebul saxelmwi-
fod, rome lSic gaerTianebulia rogorc
aRmosav lurqarTuli, aseve rigi kavkasi-
uri teritoriebi, isini titulaturaSi
56. g. mWedliZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 488.57. iqve, gv. 488.
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 29
war modgenilia sam regionad (qveynad):
gaerTianebuli axali saxelmwifos
fuZemdebeli (gamaerTianebeli) qveyana
_ afxazeTi; ranTa qveyanaSi ki igulis-
xmeba mTeli aRmosavluri teritoriebi
qarTls gareT, romelnic uSualod Semo-
diodnen afxazeTis saxelmwifoSi; qa-
rTvelTa kurapalati kidev gulis xmobs
bagrat regvenis, gurgen mefeTa-mefis da
daviT kurapalatis sammarTve lo mTel
samxreT-dasavleTis terito riebs.
rac Seexeba minaweris daTariRebas,
is, ra Tqma unda, Sesrulebulia kaxeT-
hereTis da sxva aRmosavluri miwebis
SemoerTebis Semdeg, romlebic aq warmo-
dgenilia `rani~-s saxiT. maSasadame,
es warwera gakeTebulia fadlonTan
dadeb uli zavis Semdeg, SeiZleba iTqvas,
warwera miZRvnaa bagratis samefos aRmo-
sa vleTiT gafarToebisa da kavkasiur
saxelmwifod formirebisadmi da Sesru-
lebulia XI saukunis aTiani wlebis
da sawyisSi, radgan iq giorgi uflis wu-
lze naTqvamia: ̀ gazarde Ze maTi giorgi~.
bagratis gardacvalebisaTvis giorgi
`wlisa aTequsmetisa~ yofila, mas mefo-
bis ufleba aqvs; amitom, roca RmerTs
SesTxoven, ̀ gazardeo~, is ar SeiZleba 10-
12 wlisaze meti iyos, Tu kidev umc rosi
ara. amdenad, am taZris warwera zu stad
unda Seesabamebodes aRmosa v leT miwebis
SemoerTebas.
maSasadame, nikorwminda SeiZleba
mivi CnioT bagrat III-is samefos aRmosa-
v leTiT gafarToebisadmi miZRvnil Zeg-
lad, mis simbolod.
Tuki bagrat III-is mtkice centra li-
sturi politikis gamovlinebaa gudayvis
saepiskoposos moSla da bediis axali
kaTedralis Seqmna58, quTaisis kaTed ra-
lis mSeneb loba SeiZleba misi dedaqal-
aqobis simbolur gamoxatulebad vcnoT,
xolo sveti cxovlis taZris ageba miuTi-
Tebs saxel mwi foebrivi mSeneblobis
kursis moma val mimarTulebaze59, niko-
r wminda ki aris gaerTianebuli saxel-
mwifos _afxaz eTis Seqmnis simbolo.
Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, bagrat
III-m afxazeTis samefos irgvliv kolx-
iberuli modgmis ZiriTadi miwa-wylis
gaerTianebiT safuZveli Cauyara axal
politikur realobas kavkasiaSi, rasac
gvidastureben mematianeebi.
amdenad, bagrat III-is mier afxazeTis
gaerTianebuli saxelmwifos SeqmniT
daiwyo kolx-iberuli genetikur, enob-
riv da sarwmunoebriv erTianobaze da-
fuZnebuli saxelmwifos _ saqar Tvelos
_ Seqmna. man safuZveli daudo kavka siuri
politikuri erTianobis ideas.
* * *
bagrat III-is saxelmwifoebriv-poli-
tikuri, socialuri, saerTaSoriso Tu
sarwmunoebriv-kulturuli moRva weo bis
gagebisaTvis udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs
misi Tanamedrove `ucnobi mema tianis~
da sumbat daviTis Zis `cxov rebaÁ da
uwyebaÁ bagrationTaÁ~-s cnobebs, romlis
mixedviTac aRvadgenT ̀ bagratis epoqis~
istorias. amitom bagrat III-is, am didi
mefis, maTeuli Sefaseba naTels hfens
misi Tanamedrove sazogadoebis realur
damokidebulebas mimdinare procesebze,
Cven ki gvaZlevs saSualebas, SeviqmnaT
Cveni subieqturi Sexedul ebani am obi-
eqtur istoriul movlen ebze.
sumbat daviTis Ze, rogorc Sehferis
samefo dinastiis qronists, memkvid-
reobiTobis aRniSvniT gvaZlevs gurgen
mefeTa mefis gardacvalebis Semdeg
bagrat III-is saxelmwifos teritoriebis
da mis samefo-wodebaTa detalur aRwe-
ras. is wers, rom 1008 wels gardaicvala
gurgen mefeT-mefe, bagrat qarTvelTa
mefis Ze, da dauteva `Ze ese TÂsi bagrat,
afxazTa mefe~, kurapalati didi, daeu-
58. m. lorTqifa niZe, iqve. 59. d. musxeliS vili, g. mWedliZe, gv, 580.
30 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
fla taos mamulsa TÂissa, da daipyra
yoveli kavkasia TviTmpryrobelobiTa
jiqeTiTgan vidre gurgenisamde, xolo
adarbadagani da Sarvani moxarke-yo.
somxeTisa xelmwifobiTa, nebierad gana-
gebda, mefe sparsTa TÂs megobrad da erT-
gul-yo sibrZniTa da ̀ ZlierebiTa TÂsiTa
ufros saxleulTa TÂsTasa da berZenTa
mefesaca SiSi aqunda amisi yovelidve~60
am cnobaze komentari zemoT gavakeTeT.
udavoa, rom mematiane gadmog v cems im re-
alobas, rogoradac warmodge nili iyo
maSindel samyaroSi bagratis ̀ sa mefo af-
xazeTisa, esaa damoukidebeli erovnuli
saxelm wifo. misi saerTaS o r iso statusi
qri stianuli imperiis ga v lenis sfero Si
_ `didi kurapalatia~.
ivane javaxiSvili wers: bagrat
me fis mtkice xasiaTma, brZnulma da
windaxedulma mmarTvelobam, vaJkacobam,
guladobam da Sors gamWvretelma poli-
tikam saqarTvelo gaaerTiana, arc gasa-
kvi rvelia, Tu rom imdroindeli qarTve-
li istorikosebi misi moRvaweobiT
aRtacebulni cota ar iyos gazviadebiT
gvisuraTeben misis mefobis Wirnaxuls
(xazi _ m.z.)61. marika lorTqifaniZesTan
es `gaz viad eba~ aseT formas iRebs: me-
matianis cnobas SeiZleba `qebaÁ mefisa
bagratisa~ vuwodoT. es istorikosebi
TavianT TanamedroveTaTvis weren da, mar-
Talia, albaT aWarbebdnen... magram mtknar
sicrues ar dawerdnen62. am Sem TxvevaSi
komentari zedmetia, es Cveni Tanamedrove
istorikosebis warmodgena ufroa, vidre
sumbat daviTis Zisadmi braldeba. igi
aseT eWvebis gamoTqmis miuxedavad, iqve
wers: `faqtia, rom cnoba jiqeTidan, e.i.
dasavleT saqarTvelos (afxazeTis) uki-
duresi Crdilo-das av leTi sazRvrebidan
gurge namde (e. i. Si r vanamde) da somxeTis,
e. i. qvemo qarTlis CaTvliT (pyroba)
real ur viTarebas asaxavs~63. is bagrat
III-is mTel moR va weobas, mematianeTa cno-
bebze dayr dnobiT, maTze aranakleb did
Sefasebas aZlevs: ̀ qarTuli miwebis erT
saxelm w ifo sxeulad gaerTianebis didi
isto riuli mniSvnelobis mqone movlena
did nebis yofas, Wkvian da Sors mWvretel
pol itikoss da saxelmwifo moRvawes
moiT xovda qveynis saTaveSi. bagrat III
swo red aseTi gamodga. is mar Tebulad
gae rkva arsebul istoriul viTarebaSi
da mTavar amocanad qarTuli miwebis
Semo erTeba, xelisuflebis cent ra-
lizacia da saerTaSoriso masStabiT
_ saqar T ve los poziciebis ganmtkiceba
daisaxa miznad, da miaRwia kidec mniSv-
nelovan warmatebas64. maSa sadame, mematia-
neTa mim arT undoblobis gamoxa tvis
safuZveli arc unda gvqondes, isini amaze
mets arc arafers weren.
* * *
`ucnobi mematiane~ bagratis daxasi-
a Tebas iZleva ara zogadad, aramed
konkretul didi saxelmwifoebrivi da
saerTaSoriso donis movlenebTan dakav-
SirebiT. is fadlonis, ganZis amiris, wina-
aRmdeg brZolisa da ranis daufle bis
aRwerisas bagrat III-ze ityvis: ̀ am didman
da yovliTurT Zlevamosilman mefeman
bagrat warmotyÂena queyana ranisa~65. aq
araferia gadaWarbebuli da gazviade-
buli, amas mtkiceba ar sWirdeba.
igive matiane bagratis moRvaweobis
daxasiaTebas gvaZlevs bediis taZris
aSenebisa da saepiskoposo saydrad ga-
mocxadebasTan dakavSirebiT: ... ̀ moc Âala
mun gudayvasa saepiskoposo... Seamko yov-
liTa samkauliTa eklesia, akurTxa da
dasva episkoposi~66. am movle naTa gamo
63. iqve, gv. 264.64. saqarTvelos istoria, dasax. gamoc., gv. 263.65. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 221.66. iqve, gv. 222.
60. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 290.61. iv. javaxiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 132.62. saqarTvelos istoria, dasax. gamoc., gv. 264.
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 31
gvaZlevs igi bagratis daxa siaTebas:
`ukeTu visme enebos gancda da gulisxmis
yofad simaRlisaTvis dideb isa misisa,
pirvelad ganicados samkauli bediisa
eklesiisa, misgan gulisxma-yos, romel
aravin yofil ars sxua mefe msgavsi misi
queyanasa qarT lisasa da af xa zeTisasa~67.
Cven es cnoba zemoT davi mow meT da
nawilobriv kide vac gavar CieT. amjerad
mxolod imas SevniSnavT, rom avtors es
movlena sak maod didi mniSvnelobis aq-
tad aqvs war mo dgenili da amaSi arafe-
ria gadamet ebuli.
Semdgom amisa, is didi mefis mTeli
saqmianobis Sefasebas gvaZlevs da mas
isev saeklesio-sarwmunoebrivi aRmSe-
neb lobis sakiTxs ukavSirebs, kerZod:
`amanve akurTxa eklesia quTaisisa gange-
biTa didiTa da miuwvdomlobiTa~-o68
da gvaZlevs mTeli misi moRvawe obis
Sefasebas am grandiozuli Ronis-
Ziebis fonze, romelSic monawileobdnen
`...ma x lobelni yovelni xelmwifeni da
ka T al ikosni, mRvdelTmoZRvarni da
yo ve lTa monasterTa winamZRvarni, da
yov elni didebulni zemoni da qvemoni,
mamulisa da samefosa misisa myofni da
sxuaTa yovelTa saxelmwifoTani~69. ase-
Ti konkretuli faqtebis aRweris gareSe,
albaT marTlac `gazviadebulad~ da
`gad aWarbebulad~ SeiZleboda mogv-
Cveneboda bagrat mefis mematianisuli
Sefaseba.
mematiane am konkretuli faqtebis
moxmobiT cdilobs zustad gadmogvces
is sazogadoebrivi atmosfero, romelic
arsebobda am didi mefis mimarT. arc
is unda iyos SemTxveviTi, rom is mefis
diadi saqmeebis dasaxasiaTeblad Ziri-
Tadad mis saeklesio-religiur moRva-
weobas mimarTavs. aseT SemTxvevaSi
gamo ricxulia yovelgvari mizanmimar-
Tuli gadaWarbeba, miT umetes, rogorc
m. lorTqifaniZe ityvis, `mtknari si-
cruis~ dawera. am faqtebiT xazi esmeba
mefis RvTis moyvareobas, mis saTnoebas,
qristi anuli sarwmunoebis gaerTianeb-
uli sa mefos ideologiad qcevas, ekle-
siis sax elmwifoebrivi Senobis WerqveS
moq cevas.
amdenad, uWoWmanod unda miviRoT me-
matianis mier faqtebis moxmobis Semdeg
Tezisurad Tqmuli: `es bagrat afxazTa
da qarTvelTa mefe waremarTa yovelTa
xelmwifeTa, yovelTa gangebiTa. amisda
Sempovned da amisda moajed Seiqmnes
yoveli xelmwifeni, maxlobelni da mo-
Taulni mamulisa da samefosa misisani,
molaSqred viTarc TÂsni da misan do-
belni. da daumorCnilna RmerTman yo-
velni mterni da winaaRmdgomni misni;
mo madla dReTa misTa mSvidoba da didi
dawynareba queyanisa da uku Tu vinme
inebos TÂToeulad warmoTqmad yovelTa
gangebulobaTa misTa, mouZlurdes Zala
misi, romelTagan mciredi warmovTqu
JamTa sigrZisagan ar daviwyebisad.
da vTqua eseca, romel Semdgomad
didisa mefisa vaxtang gorgaslisa
aravin gamoCenil ars sxua msgavsi misi
didebiTa da ZaliTa, da yovliTa gon-
ebiTa; eklesiaTa maSenebeli iyo, gla-
xakTa mowyale da samarTlis moqmedi
yo velTa kacTaTvis~70.
amjerad arc Cven dagvrCenia raime
saTqmeli, radgan gvjera mematianis mier
Segonebad Tqmuli, rom Tu vinmem inebos
mis saqmeTa TiToeulad aRwera, mouZ l-
urdeso, oden imas Sevaxsenebdi sakuTar
Tavsac da mis mier safuZvelCayril sax-
elmwifos memkvidreT, rom `ar-davi wyeba
moyvrisa arodes gvizams ziansa~.
Tbilisi,
2016 wlis 8 Tebervali.
67. iqve, gv. 222.68. iqve, gv. 222.69. iqve, gv. 222.
70. iqve, gv. 222.
32 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
amanve akurTxa eklesia quTaisisa gangebiTa didiTa da miuwvdomeliTa.
rameTu Semoekriba max lobelni yovelni xelmwifeni da kaTa likosni,
mRvdelTmoZRuarni, da yovelni didebulni zemoni da qvemoni, mamulisa
da samefosa misisa myofni, da saxel mwifoTa da sxuaTa yovelTa saxel-
mwi foTani
ucnobi mematiane
bagratis mefoba, erTi mxriv, dagvirgvinebaa im didi kulturul-
politikuri da socialur-ekonomikuri procesisa, romelic wina
saukuneebSi mimdinareobda da qarTveli eris dadginebis xana
SeiZleba vuwodoT.
d. musxeliSvili
saqarTvelos istoria, gv. 182
„ma ti a ne qar Tli saჲ“-Si bag rat III-is bi or ga fi as... daT mo bi li
aqvs 5 gver di. es im pi rov ne bas, ro mel sac gan sa kuT re bu li ro li
mi uZ Rvnis sa qar Tve los ga er Ti a ne ba Si da es mniS vne lo va ni pro ce si
mTli a nad mis sa xel Ta naa da kav Si re bu li.
j. sa mu Sia
bag rat III, gv. 8
momavali saqarTvelos miwa-wylis ZiriTadi fondis gaerTianeba
moxda afxazeTis samefos da misi axali _ bagrationTa dinastiis
irgvliv.
m. zaqaraia
bag rat mesamis mefobis etapebi
bag rat III-is Sem Txve va Si Se iZ le ba 1000 wlis Sem deg qar Tve li
sa zo ga do e ba Se Tan xmdes da eris wi na Se ga we u li dam sa xu re bi saT vis
„af xaz Ta da qar Tvel Ta, ran Ta da kax Ta“ me fes bag rat III-s „ga ma er-
Ti a neb lis“ zed wo de ba mi e kuT vnos“.
j. sa mu Sia
bag rat III. gv. 14
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 33
bagratis taZari. 1103 w.`bagratma akurTxa eklesia quTaTisa gangebiT didiTa da miuwvdomliTa~ (mematiane)
sveticxoveli. bagrat III mier sveticxovlis taZris ageba aSkarad... miuTiTebs mis saxelmwifoebrivi
mSeneblobis kursze (d. musxeliSvili)
34 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
nikorwminda. nikorwmindis mSenebloba damTavrebula 1010-1014 ww.
bagrat III-is dros aigo an daiwyo mSenebloba: kumur-
dos, kacxis, alaverdis da samTavisis taZrebisa.
g. mWedliZe
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 35
zurab xasaia _ adamianis zneobas
yovelTvis gasaWiri adga. yvela dro
mis naklebobas uCioda, amitom ama Tu
im xalxis an xalxebis sulieri winam-
ZRolebi mudam zneobas qadagebdnen.
rogor ggoniaT, xom ar niSnavs es,
rom zneobis normebi adamianis bunebas
ewinaaRmdegeba da Tavisuflebas gviz-
Rudavs? Tu es ase araa, rad ar SeimCneva
istoriaSi zneobis winsvla? xolo Tu
es asea, maSin zneobis qadageba da adami-
anis dausrulebeli damoZRvra usamar-
Tlobaa! Tu zneoba marTlac ewinaaR-
mdegeba adamianis bunebas, maSin misi
qadageba da adamianisTvis Tavs moxveva
kidev ufro amravlebs boro tebas. marT-
lac, adamians bavSvobidanve SeezRudeba
Tavisi bunebis Tavisufali ganviTareba
da warmoiqneba nevrozebi. ramdenadac
vici, swored amas amtkiceben dasavluri
civilizaciis axali mesit yveebi meoce
saukunis damdegidan.
iqneb sruliad sakmarisia egocen-
truli cnobiereba da demokratiulad
miRebuli kanonebisadmi misi samarTleb-
rivi daqvemdebareba? iqneb zneobrivi
cnobiereba warsuls Cabarda?
napo kvaracxelia _ zneobis arsi
sicocxlesTan (saerTod, bunebasTan)
dapirispirebiT unda gavigoT. kanti ami-
tomac upirispirebda erTmaneTs bu neb asa
da zneobas. zneoba adamianis ar sia, misi
sulier-goniTi yofnis gulis gulia. igi
,,metia~ sicocxleze da mis SezRudvas,
alagmvas, erTgvar askezas gulisxmobs.
bunebisa da zneobis amgvar Sepiris-
pirebaze daafuZnes TavianTi eTikuri
moZRvrebani lao-Zim (,,u-vei~), budam (,,nir-
vana~), iesom (,,caTa sasufeveli~), nicSem
(,,zneoba viTarca sicocxlis dekadansi~),
Sopenhauerma (,,sicocxlis nebis uaryo-
fa~) da ase Semdeg.
kultura da adamiani swored akrZal-
vam da represiam warmoSva, amitom ararep-
resiuli civilizacia SeuZlebelia. es
iqneboda adamianis gandgoma sakuTari
zneobrivi arsebisgan da kacobriobis
dabruneba cxovelTa samyaroSi.
ucnobi _ erTob mZime suraTi da xateT,
batonebo, Zalian mZime! nuTu adam ianis
cxovreba represiulobasa da cxo ve-
lobas Soris arCevas niSnavs?! nuTu
an akrZalviT unda viyoT SeboW ili da
represirebuli, anda faunis samyaros
mkvidri?! netavi romels mive kuTvnebi me?
pirdapir getyviT, unda gagawbiloT
_ arc erTs vekuTvni, arc meores. Zvel
droebaTa adamianebis didi umravlesoba
filosofiuri saubari
mrgval magidasTan
d i s k u s i a
36 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
marTlac SeboWili iyo viRac winap-
rebis mier dadgenili sazogadoebrivi
normebiT, dauwereli kanonebiT, magram,
madloba RmerTs, adamianma, bolos da
bolos, TvalSi gamoixeda. dauwereli
kanonebi aRar arsebobs da arcaa saWiro.
yvelafris dawera, cxadia, SeuZlebelia,
magram yvelaze mniSvnelovani normebi
daiwera. maT Sedgenasa da daweraSi
TiToeuli Cvengani monawileobs, amitom
es kanonebi ar unda CaiTvalos Cveni
bunebis sawinaaRmdegod.
sityvaze, kanoni moiTxovs sxvisi sa-
kuTrebis xelyofas. ver vxvdebi, Tu
ratomaa es Cemi bunebis sawinaaRmdego
moTxovna. piriqiT, am kanons vemxrobi
da, maSasadame, misdami morCileba ar mz-
Rudavs. amitom arc SeboWili var, arc
,,represirebuli~. me sruliad Tavisuf-
lad aRvasruleb am moTxovnas da, maSa-
sadame, Sors vdgavar cxovelTa samya-
rosgan. arc ,,SeboWil-represirebulad~
mimaCnia Tavi da arc cxovelTa samyaros
mkvidrad.
zurab xasaia _ yoCaR Tqven! magram
sakiTxi imas ki ar exeba, pativcemulo, Tu
rad migaCniaT Tavi. sakiTxi exeba imas,
Tu ra xarT sinamdvileSi. filo sofias
sinamdvile ainteresebs da ara is, Tu vis
ra miaCnia sinamdviled. namdvili mona is
aris, visac Tavisi monoba Tavisufleba
hgonia, magram es rodi xdis am monas
Tavisufal adamia nad.
garda amisa sakiTxavia, marTla emxro-
biT Tu ara Tqven mier xsenebul kanons.
adamiani kanonebs rom emxrobo des, maSin
maTi miReba saWiro ar iqneb oda. Tqven
emxrobiT Wama-smas, amitom arc aravin
gaiZulebT WamoT da svaT. aravis Seuqmnia
kanoni, rom Tqven da TqvenisTana friad
pativcemulma person ebma ikvebon.
xolo sul sxvaa sxvisi sakuTrebis
xelyofis sakiTxi. amas kanoni krZalavs,
radgan gulis siRrmeSi Tqven ar emxro-
biT sxvis uflebebs. Tqven iqneb gwamT
kidec Tqveni patiosneba, oRond am rw-
menas didi gamocda moelis: Tqven sadme,
ukacriel alagas unda ipovoT oqroTi
savse qisa da gulgrilad unda CauaroT
mas, radgan is viRac sxvas ekuTvnis.
ucnobi _ es adamianis buneba ki araa,
aramed _ misi cnobili sisuste. sisustec
adamianuria da vaRiareb: homo sum, humani
nihil a me alienum puto! (adamiani var
da araferi adamianuri CemTvis ucxo ar
aris!). magram, madloba RmerTs, arsebobs
dawerili kanonebi, samarTlis normebi,
romlebic awesrigebs Cvens cxovrebas da
Tavis adgils miuCens am sisusteebs. ver
vxvdebi, ra SuaSia aq dauwereli kanonebi,
zneobis normebi. es xom qvis xanaa?!
me mivesalmebi samarTlebrivi saxel-
mwi fos dasavlur ideas, samoqalaqo
sazogadoebis Senebas. mesmis, rom es
rTuli da winaaRmdegobrivi gzaa, magram
misi gavla araa SeuZlebeli. Cven mxarSi
gvidganan Cveni dasavleTeli megobrebi
da amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi. sworad
brZana es batonma RaribaSvilma, iraklim.
zurab xasaia _ kinaRam gamixarda; vi-
fiqre, me Tu vTqvi-meTqi sworad. mixaria,
rom adamiani yofilxarT da araferi
adamianuri ar geucxoebaT. es uZvelesi
fraza friad popularuli gaxda Cvens
droSi. Cawvebian xolme talax-wvireSi
da iqidan RuRuneben, araferi adamianuri
CvenTvis ucxo araao. me ki megona, rom
sindis-namusic adamianuria.
daweril da dauwerel kanonebs rac
exeba: Tqven did miRwevad migaCniaT
kanonebis dawera. ai, lakedemonelTa
rjulismdebeli likurge ki sxvagva-
rad fiqrobda. wesi ar unda daiweroso,
brZanebda. diax, Tqvengan sruliad gan-
sxvavebulad fiqrobda, radgan Zalian
Wkviani iyo. roca wesi araa dawerili,
is gulSi da gonebaSi weria. amitom
adamiani mas ar arRvevs, icavs da Tavis
Tavze maRldeba amiT. xolo roca am wess
qaRaldze gadaitans, wesi igi mkrTal-
deba Cvens arsebaSi da nelinel qreba,
amoSreba iqidan. amieridan mas mxolod
SiSis gamo vemorCilebiT, Tavad ki aRar
veTanxmebiT. sakmarisia movRon ierdeT
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 37
an TanamdebobiT win waviwioT, Cveni SiSi
iklebs da Cvens TviTnebobas TiTqmis
aRaraferi akavebs.
mecnierebis enaze rom vTqvaT, samarTa-
li araraa zneobis gareSe. roca qveyana
iuristebiT aivseba, qveynidan patiosani
xalxi uCinardeba. amitom Zveli romi
erTdroulad iyo samarTlis Semqmneli
qveyanac da ukiduresad wamxdaric zne-
ob rivad. SeiZleba samarTlis kode qsi
srul wesrigSi gqondes, xalxmac igi sul
sxapasxupiT icodes, magram mas aravin
aRasrulebdes.
sityvam moitana da unda giTxraT:
samarTlebrivi saxelmwifoTi da samoqa-
laqo sazogadoebiT evropelTa gataceba
maTi sulieri krizisis maCvenebelia.
adamianis ideali moqalaqeoba ki araa,
pirovnulobaa. adamiani TviTon unda
iyos Tavisi Tavis ,,saxelmwifoc~ da
,,sazo gadoebac~.
did musikos hendels didi Wamac hyva-
rebia. erTxelac kafeSi SeukveTia bevri
saWmeli. oficiants sufra gauw yvia da
gakvirvebuls ukiTxavs, Tqveni sazoga-
doeba sadRaa, batonoo. me TviTon var
sazogadoebao, upasuxia musikoss.
adamiani sazogadoebisa da saxelmwi-
fos nawili ki araa, aramed, piriqiT,
sazogadoeba da saxelmwifoa adamianis
nawili. ,,Sinagani sazogadoeba~ da ,,Sina-
gani saxelmwifo~ adamianSi _ ai ideali!
adamianis gza sakuTari Tavisken mimava-
li gzaa. am gzis gavlaSi ki verc evropa
dagexmareba da verc amerika. is TviTon
unda gaiaro kacma sulieri ganaTlebis
meSveobiT. sakiTxavi sxvaa: ra ganaTlebaa
es? TiTqmis yvela didi moazrovne ambobs,
rom es, upirveles yovlisa, sakuTari
erovnuli kulturis aTvisebaa.
ismis Zneli kiTxva: ramdenad aucileb-
elia adamianisTvis, misi inteleqtua-
luri da pirovnul-nebelobiTi Zale bis
ganviTarebisTvis erovnuli kultu ra,
erovnebisadmi kuTvnileba?
napo kvaracxelia _ adamianis zneobas
erTi daumSrali wyaro aqvs. es wyarosT-
vali eri da samSobloa.
Zveli berZnebi ,,eToss~ (zneobas)
garkveul adgilTan, sacxovrisTan, ak-
ropolisTan (romauli ,,civitas~) akav-
Sirebdnen. aqedan _ maTi mijaWvul oba
mSobliur miwasTan, maTi patrio tizmi.
marbiel da momTabare eTnosebs ,,eTos~
ar gaaCniaT. sxvaTa Soris, ,,eTnos~ da
,,eTos~ saerTo Ziris sityvebia. aseTi eT-
nosebi uzneo da barbarosebia. sok rate
amayobda da RmerTebs madlobas swiravda,
rom elinad daibada da ara barbarosad.
Zveli berZnuli gagebiT, patriotizmi,
uwinares yovlisa, zneobrivi kategoriaa,
adamianis Sinagani bunebis ganuyofeli
nawilia. zneobrivi adamiani ar SeiZleba
patrioti ar iyos. patriotizms ver aR-
mofxvris verc kosmopolitizmi, verc
globalizacia.
qristianoba warmoiSva kosmopol itur
moZRvrebad, raSic didia stoel filo-
sofosTa Rvawli, magram mogviane biT
igi uaRresad erovnul movlenad iqca.
gvaxsovs, qarTuli qristianoba aigivebda
kidec ,,qarTvelsa~ da ,,qris tians~.
igive bedi elis globalizaciasac.
pirveli qristianebi mTel maSindel
,,oikumeneze~ daexetebodnen. Tanamedrove
adamianic mTel dedamiwaze daxetia-
lobs. is gaxda homo viator (momTabare
adamiani). bolos ki yvela Tavis adgils
ipovis...
ucnobi _ Cven movismineT tipuri ,,pa-
triotuli filosofia~ _ sakacobrio
populizmis iSviaTi Sedevri! igi qvis
xanaSi iSva da adamianur crurwmena Tagan
yvelaze xangamZle gamodga; samSob lo
yvelaze sastiki da gaumaZRari molo-
qia. moxerxebulad irgebs igi oqros
gvirgvins da cru mefed gvevli neba. o,
raoden yalbia es gvirgvini, misi yvela
samkauli da samSvenisi! cru mefeni ki
gansakuTrebuli ampartavne biTa da si-
sastikiT gamoirCevian. sakma risia eWvi
Seitano maTSi da isinic TavianTi Za-
lauflebis yvela berkets gamoiyeneben
Sens Casaqolad. aki qvis xanaSi Caqolva
namdvili ultima ratio gaxlavT.
38 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
Tqven filosofosebi brZandebiT, ma-
gram dasabuTebis dros avtoriteteb-
isken iSverT xels da dabneul sokra tes
imowmebT; kacs, vinc TiTqmis araferi
icoda da TviTonve aRiarebda, rom mx-
olod es icoda. Tu dasabuTebis umaR-
lesi mwvervali avtoritetis damo wmebaa,
me sokrateze did avtoritets movuxmob.
pavle mociquli etyoda galatelebs:
,,ukve ar arsebobs aRarc iudeveli, aRarc
berZeni, aRarc mona da aRarc Tavisufali,
aRarc mamri da aRarc mdedri, rameTu
Tqven yvelani erTi xarT qriste iesoSi~
(galatelTa 4. 28). aSkaraa: erisadmi
kuTvnilebas, erovnul niSans apostoli
ar aniWebs did mniS vnel obas. mTavari
rwmenaa da ara ero vneba. adamiani RmerTs
ekuTvnis da ara samSoblos. RmerTi sam-
Sobloze maRlaa!
tomebis, eTnosebis aRreviT miikvlevs
gzas kacobrioba da iqmneba istoria.
yovelive, raic sazRvrebSia moqceuli,
berwia da unayofo. mxolod yovelgvari
naWuWis, maT Soris erovnulis, rRveviT
miiRweva sisxlis da Segnebis gadaxali-
seba da ganviTareba. Semoqmedeba SeuZl-
ebelia zneobrivi normebis, am eTikuri
idiotizmis, garRvevis gareSe. yvela did
Semoqmeds zneobrivi, ,,wesieri~ adamian ebi
asamarTlebdnen. aki zneoba moiTxovs
morCilebas, xolo Tavisuf leba da
Semoqmedeba SeuZlebelia sazRvrebis
gadalaxvis gareSe.
Tqven mier damowmebuli berZnebis gan-
viTareba samSoblodan gasvliT iwyeba.
swored esaa iliadasa da odiseas mTa-
vari azri. berZnebic, umetesad, samSoblos
tovebdnen da daexetebodnen. platonis
Tqmisa ar iyos, maT ,,bayayebi viT daikaves
didi tbis napirebi~. erTiani saberZne-
Tis erovnuli gancda maT saerTod ar
hqoniaT.
didi adamiani ekuTvnis ara samSob los,
aramed kacobriobas, msoflios. savsebiT
veTanxmebi merab mamardaSvils, vinc am-
bobda: ,,WeSmariteba samSobloze maRla
dgas!~
zurab xasaia _ samagierod, Tqven, ra
Tqma unda, ar eTanxmebiT iakob gogebaS-
vilis azrs: ,,mSobliuri ena sulis enaa,
sxva enebi ki _ oden mexsi erebis monap-
ovari~.
ucnobi _ diax, ar veTanxmebi. es
gadaWarbebaa da ewinaaRmdegeba faqtebs.
Tqven paTetikuri frazebiT saubrobT, me
ki faqtebiT galaparakebiT.
meTvramete saukunis ruseTSi rusuli
ena sayvelpuro enad iTvleboda da Ta-
vadaznauroba bavSvebs akvnidanve fran-
gul enaze zrdida; magram amas xeli ar
SeuSlia rusuli cnobierebis mZlav ri
ganviTarebisTvis da literaturaSi, xe-
lovnebaSi, mecnierebis TiTqmis yvela
dargSi geniosebis warmoSobisTvis.
mecxramete saukunis saqarTveloSic,
rusulenovani gimnaziebis pirobebSi,
qarTuli erovnuli azrovneba, piriqiT,
ayvavda.
gana yirgizi Cingiz aiTmaTovi rus-
ul ad ar azrovnebda da werda? arada,
Sedevrebi ki Seqmna. Cvenma daviT kldi aS-
vilma ki qarTuli ena mowifulobis asak-
SiRa iswavla sagangebod, moTxro bebis
dasawerad. es pirwmindad ewinaaR mdegeba
Tqven mier moxmobil gogebaS vilis fra-
zas mSobliuri enis gansak uT rebuli
mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb.
zurab xasaia _ Tqven zusti azrov-
nebis Tayvanismcemeli CanxarT da ami-
tom meti sizustisken unda mogiwodoT:
Cingiz aiTmaTovi rusulad ki ar werda,
aramed rusuladac da yirgizuladac.
xolo azrovnebda igi sworedac yirgiz-
ulad. amouwuravi wiaRi misi romanebisa
da moTxrobebisa, TviT publicisturi
werilebisac ki, iyo yirgizuli miTosi
da zepirsityviereba.
xolo rac exeba daviT kldiaSvils:
mowifulobis asakSi man qarTuli ki ar
iswavla, aramed _ saliteraturo qar-
Tuli. es ki ori sxvadasxva ramaa. mSob-
liuri ena, ris gadamwyvet mniSvnelo-
bazec Cven vsaubrobT, saliteraturo
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 39
ena rodia. is xalxuri, ,,sacxovrebo
enaa~. vinc Tavis mSobliur enaSi ar
cxovrobs, is verc iazrovnebs. mas eqneba
,,unar-Cvevebi~, magram ara azrovneba. mas
SeeZ leba ,,situaciebSi garkveva~, magram
ar SeeZleba ,,cxovreba~. misi tvini ar
gamodgeba azrovnebisTvis, Semoqmedebi-
sTvis...
ucnobi _ vamayob, rom ar mesmis Tqveni.
me ver vxvdebi, ras gulisxmobT azrovne-
baSi. amitom davubrundebi Cems saTqmels.
kacma rom Tqvas, arc ise xelwamo-
sakravia laTinuri azri: ,,sadac kargad
var, Cemi samSobloc iq ari!~ damisax eleT
samSoblos raime sagnobrivi, gulis
aCuyebisgan, grZnobamoreuli gancdebis-
gan da sxva sisusteebisgan gansxvavebuli
upiratesoba...
napo kvaracxelia _ arada, swored
im ,,gulis aCuyebisgan, grZnobamoreuli
gancdebisgan da sxva sisusteebisgan~
Sedgeba adamianoba. CamoacileT adamians
eseni da darCeba roboti, yinulmWreli!
xom gaxsovT, ra gulubryvilod da kar-
gad gamoxata es gancdebi da sisus teebi
grigol orbelianma Tavis mSvenier le-
qsSi ,,iaralis~:
Cemo iarali, netavi odes
lxiniT aRvsilni vhsxdeT velsa
mwvanes,
Cveneburada,
Zveleburada
vsvamdeT, viZaxdeT:
iari-arali!
jeirnis mwvadi SiSiniT cecxlzeda
dastrialebdes,
ynosva, damtkbari mis suniT,
madasa gangviRviZebdes.
kaxuris RviniT aRvsili azarfeSaca
xels gvepyras;
moTali, Tevzi, mwvanili
agviWrelebdnen win sufras...
ucnobi _ ese igi, Tqven ver damisa-
xeleT samSoblos raime sagnobrivi,
seriozuli upiratesoba, radgan aseTad
migaCniaT mconara Tavadis kulinar iuli
idiliebi. diax! verc daasaxeleb diT,
radgan, bolos da bolos, adamiani gana
mTel samyaros ar ekuTvnis? ratomaa
aucilebeli misi cxovrebis Semofargv-
la erovnuli sacxovrisisa da kulturis
sazRvrebiT?!
iqneb globalizaciis pirobebSi sam-
Soblos mniSvneloba da Rirebuleba
gadaxedvas saWiroebs, rogorc erT dros
gadaixeda sakuTari soflisa da tomis
mniSvneloba da Rirebuleba.
iqneb samSoblosadmi Zveli mijaWvu-
loba adamianuri sisustea da ara ,,didi,
waruvali Rirebuleba~.
metic SeiZleba iTqvas: iqneb am mija-
Wvu lobis meore, faruli da usiamovno
mxare qsenofobiaa. aki ,,sakuTaris~ gamZa-
frebuli gancda ,,ucxos~ gancdasac
amZafrebs da iqmneba ganxeTqileba, konf-
rontacia! ,,sakuTaris~ siyvaruli SeuZ-
leb elia ,,sxvisis~ siZulvilis gareSe.
es is siyvarulia, romelsac siZulvilis
gareSe arseboba ar SeuZlia.
zurab xasaia _ saocaria, ramdeni
sabuTi arsebula samSoblosa da patri-
otizmis winaaRmdeg!
maxsendeba erTi saintereso ambavi.
Cvenma nacionalebma samecniero dawese-
bul ebidan gauSves 55 wlis mecnierebaTa
doqtori, raTa mis adgilze mieRoT 23
wlis uxarisxo magistranti. Tan kargad
auxsnes, rom misi moxsna gamarTlebuli
iyo ramdenime kanonis ramdenime muxliT,
punqtiT da damatebebiT. mecnierebaTa
doqtori daibna, mxrebi aiCeCa da Tqva,
ramdeni kanoni arsebula Cems mosaxs-
nelado. es ambavi gamaxsena samSoblosa
da patriotizmis winaaRmdeg mwyobrad
Camoyalibebulma Tqvenma argumentaciam.
Tqven samSoblo migaCniaT dedamiwis
kuTxe-kunWulad, amitom patriotizmic
kuT xe-kunWulTan Wirveuli mijaWvul oba
ggoniaT. am gadasvlaSi logika uTuod
aris. magram saqme isaa, rom samSo blo
40 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
araa dedamiwis kuTxe-kunWuli. is, saer-
Tod, araa fizikuri sagani. is Tavisi
enis stiqiiT da unikaluri istoriiT
Cveni zneobis anu, rogorc ilia WavWavaZe
ambobs, ,,kacobrivi arsis~ erTgvari fizi-
kuri gamosaxulebaa.
Cvens adamianur Rirsebas mxolod
es ,,kacobrivi arsi~ qmnis. amohkveTeT
adami anisgan es arsi da xelT dedamiwis
usaZaglesi cxoveli SegrCebaT. cdebo-
dnen is filosofosebi, vinc ,,kacobriv
arss~ Tandayolilad an sazogadoebriv
qmnilebad Tvlidnen. is diaxac adamia-
nebTan urTierTobaSi iqmneba, oRond es
araa ubralo ,,sazogadoebrivi urTier-
Tobebi~. Cveni ,,kacobrivi arsi~ mxolod
samSoblosTan urTierTobaSi iqmneba.
qarTul enaSi ,,uTvistomoba~ ,,uzne-
obis~ badali sityvaa. Cveni zneoba anu
,,kacobrivi arsi~ samSoblodan moed ineba.
amitom samSoblo Cveni Sinagani idento-
baa da SeuZlebelia iyos gare gani, fizi-
kuri sagani. samSoblo gvagr Znobinebs,
rom dabadebamdec viyaviT, vibrZodiT
didgorTanac da bazaleT Tanac, vwerdiT
vefxistyaosans da vageb diT sveticxov-
els. samSoblo aseve gvagrZnobinebs, rom
raRacnairad viqne biT sikvdilis merec.
erTi sityviT, samSoblos wyalobiT
TiToeuli Cven gani Tavis Tavze metia
da amitomaa is Cve ni ,,kacobrivi arsis~
dvrita namdvi li.
Tqven samSoblo tvirTad migaCniaT da
misi uRlisTvis genanebaT Tqveni Zvir-
fasi kiseri. tician tabiZem sxvagva rad
Tqva:
,,davbadebulvar, rom viyo mona
da saqarTvelos medgas uReli~.
visac samSoblos uReli eucxoeba, is
gadamTielis uRelSi gahyofs Tavs. ada-
miani sizifea _ tvirTisTvisaa Seqmnili.
visac tvirTi ar miaqvs, is mCatea da qari
gaitacebs bumbul-bundRliviT. visac
hgonia, rom TavisTvis zrunavs, is mara-
diul martoobas imzadebs da samares
uTxris Tavis Tavs. misi saflavis qvaze
waewereba: ,,Tavi davkarge gmiria!~.
Tqven sworad SeadareT samSoblo sas-
tik moloqs, magram dagaviwydaT: adamiani
isedac samsxverplo SeSaa. mas erTad-
erTi arCevani aqvs _ uRimRamo sikvdilsa
da Rirseul sikvdils So ris. SeiZleba
Tavi daaRwio samSob los ,,sastik kerps~,
magram maSin gamoCn deba sxva, uTuod
maxinji kerpi da is CanTqavs adamianis
codvil arsebas.
zneobisa da samSoblos Sesaxeb kamaTs
mivyavarT nicSeseuli zekacis TemasTan.
Cvens saubarSi es Tema aSkarad ikveTeba.
es Cveni pativcemuli batoni sworedac
zekacia, visi mosvlac fridrix nicSem
iwinaswarmetyvela saukune-naxevris win.
marTlac, vin aris zekaci? es aris
adamiani, visac ar swams TanagrZnoba da
siyvaruli; samagierod, swams brZola
da batonoba. diax, ar swams TanagrZnoba
da siyvaruli, radgan maTs safuZvelSi
xedavs SiSs. TanagrZnoba da siyvaruli
mas miaCnia SiSis Rrma simptomebad. SiSze
damyarebuli cxovreba ki monobaa, xolo
SiSis gasaReba TanagrZnobad da siyvaru-
lad _ sicrue. ai, ratom ar swams zekacs
TanagrZnoba da siyvaruli.
sul sxvaa brZola da batonoba. es
swams zekacs, radgan maTSi Zala Cans.
Zlieri sicocxle jansaRia, Rirseulia,
marTalia. masze maRla samSoblos da
moyvasis siyvarulis dayeneba bunebrivi
wesrigis darRvevaa, sicocxlis dasneu-
lebaa.
napo kvaracxelia _ nicSem dasav-
luri civilizaciis Sedegebi gaaxmovana,
roca yvela Rirebuleba uaryo da erTad-
erT absolutur Rirebulebad sicocxle
gamoacxada. swored amis gamoxatule-
baa ,,zekacis~ da ,,RmerTis sik vdi lis~
cnebebi. zneobisgan Tavisuf ali zekaci
RmerTisa da zneobis anti podia.
nicSes rwmeniT, adamians zneobis saxiT
ukurnebeli seni Seeyara, romelic xifaTs
uqmnis da gaqrobiT emuqreba sicocxles.
sicocxlisa da batonobis nebaze miSve-
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 41
bul uzneo adamians hqvia zekaci.
Tanamedrove dasavlur civilizacias
adamianis es nicSeseuli gageba udevs
safuZvlad. mas ukve aRar sjera su-
lier-goniTi da zneobrivi samyaros
arsebo bisa, magram sicocxle autaneli
da sazi zRaria, Tu mas zneobis Sara-
vandedi ar adgas da zneobiT ar aris
mowesrige buli.
ucnobi _ Tqveni msjeloba yovel Tvis
swori da uzado meCveneba, sanam Se fa sebas
daiwyebdeT. ucnauri STabeW dileba mrCe-
ba: Tqven saocrad sworad gesmiT samyaro,
magram ratomRac uar yofT mas. Tqvene-
buri analizidan ar gamomdinareobs is
Sefasebani, rom l ebsac gvTavazobT.
Tqven ambobT: ,,sicocxle autaneli
da sazizRaria, Tu mas zneobis Saravan-
dedi ar adgas da zneobiT araa mowesri-
gebuli~. damerwmunebiT, bunebas aranairi
zneoba ara aqvs, magram gana lamazi araa?
mSieri vefxvis sisastikes sazRvari ara
aqvs, magram sanadirod gamosul vefxvze
lamazi raRaa? vaJa-fSavelac ambobda:
,,mainc ki lamazi ari, mainc siturfiT
hyvavisa~. gana didgoris omic Taviseb-
urad lamazi araa? yovel SemTxvevaSi,
is araa autaneli da sazizRari.
piriqiT ki mgonia: zneobrivi idilia,
roca yvela erTmaneTisTvis zrunavs,
sazizRari da autaneli iqneboda swor-
edac. egoizmis winaaRmdeg ,,eTikuri
SeT qmuleba~ joguri instinqtis gadmo-
naSTia. egoizms, piriqiT, xeli unda
Seewyos _ is unda mowesrigdes, raTa
cxovreba bunebriv kalapotSi idges
da ara qristianuli zneobis xelovnur
artaxebSi. buneba da sicocxlea absol-
uturi Rirebuleba...
zurab xasaia _ buneba da sicocxle
Tvalis Sesavlebadaa lamazi, Torem
maTi Sinaarsi damTrgunvelia. batoni
napo Sinaarsze saubrobs swored. hin-
dis upaniSadebSi weria es brwyinvale
Sen iSvna: ,,didebulia saganTa Wvreta, ma-
gram saSinelia am sagnebad yofna!~. diax,
aseve STambeWdavia didgoris omis yureba,
magram saSinelia Sig monawileoba; ra
sjobia boboqari okeanis Wvretas, magram
erTi sinjeT Sig gadavardna!
napo kvaracxelia _ vinc sico cxlis
upirobo da absolutur Rireb ulebas
aRiarebs, is zneobas uaryofs. es viTa-
reba zRvruli sicxadiTaa gamoT qmuli
adamianis maqs Seleriseul gagebaSi. misi
mtkicebiT, gonisa da pirovnebis birTvs
zneoba Seadgens. zneobriv pirovnebad
yofna niSnavs: mZlavri ,,ara!~ esrolo
samyaros, mTel sinamdviles, pirvel
rigSi ki _ sico cxles da sasicocxlo
instinqtebs.
cxovelisgan gansxvavebiT, pirovneba
aris is, visac SeuZlia ,ara~-s Tqma. is
aris ,,sicocxlis asketi~, maradiuli
protestanti da meamboxe. cxoveli ki
mxolod Semguebeli da ,,ho~-s mTqmelia.
rusTvelic adasturebs: ,,vaqeb Wkuasa
brZenTasa, romelni eurCebian~, radgan
,,brZenni icnoben, swunoben, marT maTgan
sawunaria~. aqedan _ misi ironiuli da ag-
debuli damokidebuleba sicocxlis admi:
,,me igi var, vin sicocxles ar amo vkref
kitrad berad, vis sikvdili moyvrisaTvis
TamaSad da uCans mRerad.~
adamianisTvis sxva alternativa ar ar-
sebobs: an cxovelad darCena, an zneobriv
arsebad yofna; asea, radgan, heraklites
formuliT, ,,eTosi (zneoba) adamianis
demonia~.
zurab xasaia _ gadaWarbeba mgonia
,,bunebrivi kalapotisa~ da ,,qristia-
nuli zneobis xelovnuri artaxebis~
Sepirispireba Cveni zekacis mier. gana
bunebisTvis ase ucxoa TanagrZnoba? gana
TanagrZnoba ase arabunebrivia? cxenebi
SfoTaven, borgaven da gangaSs texen,
roca brZolis velze cxenebis gvamebze
gadadian; patara bavSvi wuxs, roca sxva
bavSvis mware tirili esmis. TanagrZnoba
adamianis bunebrivi Tvisebaa da, am azriT,
zneoba ar ewinaaRmdegeba bunebas.
TanagrZnobis am sruliad bunebrivi
42 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
faqtis arseboba gvarwmunebs, rom cxov-
re baSi ar unda iyos amdeni usaxlkaro
da ubeduri, amdeni Rataki, xelebi rom
dahkoJrebiaT lukmapurisTvis brZo-
laSi; amdeni omi da daWrili, suli rom
amosdiT nel agoniaSi; amdeni upatrono
da mawanwala bavSvi, romlebic SuriT
Sescqerian TavianT Tanatolebs da qvey-
niereba mwuxarebisa da tanjvis savaned,
bananebiTa da maxrCobela gvelebiT savse
usastikes junglebad exatebaT.
aseTia cxovreba Tavis Ziris ZirSi;
xolo yovelive amisadmi gulgrili zeka-
ci, es ,,qera bestia~, mtacebeli cxovelis
yvelaze ugvano saxeobasa hgavs.
ucnobi _ RmerTo Cemo, bolos da bo-
los, vceT pativi realobis kanonebs.
cxovreba brZolaa da visac sicocxle
uyvars, brZolac unda uyvardes. xolo
brZola vis gaugia damarcxebulTa ga-
reSe? diax, damarcxebulTa gareSe br-
Zola ar iqneba, xolo brZolis gareSe _
sicocxle.
Tqven mxolod imas ambobT, Tu ra ar
unda iyos, magram Zalian bundovani
warmodgena gaqvT imaze, Tu ra unda iyos.
gindaT tanjva ar iyos, magram ver ambobT,
Tu ra unda iyos. me ki, Tqvengan gansxva-
vebiT, vici, Tu ra unda iyos. unda iyos
gamarjvebuli, warmatebuli adamiani.
aRta cebuli var miliarderebiT, msof-
li oSi cnobili saxeebiT. aseT adamianTa
arsebobisTvis gamarTlebulia nebis-
mieri tanjva da msxverpli. siyvaruliTa
da TanagrZnobiT savse msoflio fsiqo-
paTebis avadmyofuri laybobis sagania.
es bunebis degeneracia iqneboda.
zurab xasaia _ me ara marto is vici,
rac ar minda, aramed isic, rac minda. me
ar minda gulgriloba. nu amarTlebT
mas. roca gulgrilobas vamarTlebT da
mxars vuWerT, amiT vamravlebT da vamkvi-
drebT mas.
isic vici-meTqi, rac minda: Tanagr Znoba,
siyvaruli, silamaziT tkboba. adamians
amas unda vaswavlideT da amis magaliTs
vaZlevdeT. Tqven ki Tqveni azrebiTac da
cxovrebiTac gulgri lobasa da sisas-
tikes nergavT garSemo.
ucnobi _ nuTu ar gifiqriaT, rom
TanagrZnoba Seuracxmyofelia?! roca
adamiani gecodebaT, amiT mis Rirsebas
laxavT. moikrebs Zalas is adamiani,
gamova mdgomareobidan da sakadris pa-
suxs gagcemT, Surs iZiebs Tqvenze. visac
moWarbebulad sCvevia TanagrZnoba, mas
uxaria adamianTa yofna tanjvaSi. es ki
sneulebaa. aseTi sazizRari avadmyofis
wviriani suli brwyinvaled daxata knut
hamsunma ,,misteriebSi~ maicas saxiT.
veWvob, Tqven gagaCndeT silamaziT tk-
bobis unari, Tuki ar giyvarT lomi, arwivi
da gveli _ es ZalmorWmuli, mZvinvare
mtaceblebi. arada, maTze lamazi arafe-
ria, radgan gansakuTrebul silamazes
swored ZalmorWmuleba gamo a sxivebs da
ara TanagrZnoba.
napo kvaracxelia _ batonebo, Cveni
kamaTi faqtebis areSi rom Tavsdebodes,
is dasruldeboda faqtobrivi sabuTebis
moxmobiT, magram igi grZnobebis sferos
ufro exeba, ris gamoc arasodes das-
rul deba.
Tu adamians Tbili guli aqvs, is Tana-
grZnobisa da siyvarulis momxre iqneba
mudam, magram Tu adamians civi guli aqvs,
mas gulTbiloba SiSis Sedegi hgonia da
ar moiwonebs mas, ver dae Tanxmeba qris-
tianul morals.
piradad me ki mgonia: avTandili, alu-
da qeTelauri, oTaraanT qvrivi moyvass
TanaugrZnoben ara SiSis, aramed umaR-
lesi Segnebis gamo.
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 43
kaxa qecbaiaG
globalizacia: Sobis
dResaswauli da santa-
klausi,
koka-kola da
postTanamedrove
ideologia
Sesavali
politikur da ekonomikur planSi
po st modernuli epoqa `globaluri
kapita lizmis agresiul eqspansias~
warmoad gens, rac Tanamedrove msofli-
oSi sxvadasxva tradiciuli religi-
uri dResaswaulis transformirebuli
saxiT aRniSvnis faqtiTac dasturdeba.
postTanamedrove sazogadoebaSi indivi-
du aluri kulturebi yoveldRiuri
cxovrebis mTel rig sferoebSi glo-
bal izaciis procesis mier maqsimalurad
Seviwroebulia. yovelive es kidev ufro
naTeli gaxdeba mas Semdeg, rodesac
qristianuli kulturis TvalsazrisiT
erT ubralo kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemas
SevecdebiT: vin aris postTanamedrove
msoflioSi Sobis dResaswaulis mTa-
vari gmiri? am kiTxvaze pasuxi evropis,
amerikis, aziisa da afrikis mTeli rigi
qveynebis warmomadgenelTaTvis, samwu-
xarod, saerToa.
sxvadasxva nacionaluri kulturis
pirobebSi, romlebic postTanamedrove
msoflioSi qristes Sobas aRniSnaven,
sruliad naTelia, rom globaluri
aspeqtiT dResaswaulis mTavari gmiri
da centraluri figura gaxda ara
germa nuli vainaxtsmani (`Sobis papa~),
ara franguli per noeli, ara Sveduri
iolo tomeni, ara daniuri iulemandeni,
ara norvegiuli iulebuki, ara kareliis
pakaine, ara rusuli `ded marozi~ an
qarTuli Tovlis babua, aramed santa-
klausi, Tumca amJamad arc ise rTulia
yvela am niRbis miRma maTi winare saxis
_ nikoloz mironlukielis danaxva da
umal gaxseneba imisa, rom dResaswaulis
mTavari moqmedi piri ieso qristea, rom-
lis Soba am dReebSi aRiniSneba. arcTu
ise Soreuli warsulis gamocdi lebidan
cnobilia, Tu rogor gaqra es urTierT-
kavSiri kulturuli mexsiereb idan (rac
miT ufro damaxasiaTebeli iyo sabWoTa
cnobierebisaTvis). qristes Sobis dRe-
saswaulis arsis identifi cirebis prob-
lematuroba postsekula ruli epoqis
mTavari maxasiaTebeli gax da, romlis
mTavari niSani, aTeizmisagan gansxvavebiT,
aris ara religiasTan brZo la, aramed
misi simulireba da profa nacia, abuCad
agdeba, ris pirobasac dasav lur kul-
turaSi arsebuli saSobao tradiciebis
istoria iZleva, romelSic ukve karga
xania erTmaneTSi airia wm. nikolozis
xsovna, Soba da silvestri.
protestantobam saerTod uari Tqva
wmindanTa Tayvaniscemis ideaze; kaTol-
ikur liturgiul kalendarSi wmindani,
saxelwodebiT nikolozi, ar gvxvdeba,
Tumca santa-klausi, romelic bavSvebs
saSobao saCuqrebs urigebs, mTels msof-
lioSi, CineTisa da iaponiis CaTvliT,
yvelam icis. im qveynebSic ki, sadac qris-
tianTa ricxvi arcTu ise sagrZ nobia,
globalizaciis epoqaSi Sobis dResas-
waulis mTavari gmiri da centra luri
simbolo santa-klausia, romlis gareg-
nuli saxe postTanamedrove msof lios
kulturul cxovrebaSi kidev ufro
myardeba koka-kolas sareklamo logo-
tipis meSveobiT.
albaT arc isaa SemTxveviTi, rom post-
modernuli epoqis gmiris _ santas sam-
Soblo amerikaa, qveyana, romelic bodri-
globalizacia da religia
44 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
arma aRwera, rogorc `Tanamed roveobis
mTavari simulakri~. saerTod, wminda
nikolozis xsovnis aRniSvnis tradicia
amerikaSi evropidan gadasaxl ebulebma
Caitanes. kerZod, holandiis koloniis
axalma binadrebma, romel TaTvis niu-
amsterdamis zeciur mfarve lad Sinterklaas (wm. nikolozi) iyo mi Cneuli, romelic
mogvianebiT niu-iorkad mogvevlina. san-
ta-klausis viz ualuri saxis safuZveli
gaxda Sveduri warmomavlobis amerikeli
mxatvris hedon sandblumis mier 1931
wels koka-kolas dakveTiT Seqmnili
gamosaxuleba. faqtobrivad, santas
gamosaxuleba koka-kolas sareklamo
strategiis far g lebSi Seiqmna. proeqti
imdenad warma tebuli aRmoCnda, rom 1966
wlamde hedoni firmis dakveTiT yovel-
wliurad santas kidev erT saxes qmnida
koka-kolas reklamisaTvis. Sesabamisad,
Tavis tradiciul saxes santa swored
am kompanias unda umadlodes, radganac
man uzrunvelyo santas, rogorc Sobis
sim bo los, mTel msoflioSi gavrceleba.
yovelive amis Sedegad santa, rogorc
sareklamo simbolo, epoqis erT-erT
saukeTeso brendadaa aRiarebuli.
koka-kolas sareklamo kampaniis fa-
rglebSi santa-klausis ier-saxis imgva ri
arsebiTi metamorfoza moxda, rome lmac
didad ganapiroba misi Semgomi bedi.
swored es sareklamo proeqti gvexmareba
misi bunebis wvdomaSi. wminda nikolozis
saxe gamoyenebul iqna sasmelis reklam-
irebisaTvis (rac religiuri Tvalsaz-
risiT mkrexelobaa), romelic Taname-
drove amerikuli eqspa nsiis `xatia~. igi
srul SesabamisobaSia ame rikul ideo-
logiasTan, rogorc cxovrebis `axal
wesTan~. es yvelaferi meore msoflio
omis Semdeg moxda, rodesac koka-kolas
qarxnebi aucil ebeli wesiT amerikis
gavlenis zonebSi aaSenes da amitom
civi omis periodSi yofil ssrk-Si, so-
cialisturi banakis zogierT qveyanasa
da calkeul islamur saxelmwifoebSi
es sasmeli akrZaluli iyo. sainteresoa,
rom islamuri samyaros mier am sasmelze
uaris Tqmis mizezad `wminda simboloe-
bis borotad~, sarek lamo miznebisaTvis
gamoyeneba saxel deboda.
civi omis dasrulebisTanave ideo-
lo giis adgili ekonomikam daikava, pro-
pagandam adgili reklamasa da piars
dauTmo, Tumca simboluri, virtualuri
imijebisa da realobebis mwarmoebeli
manqana mainc ar gaCerebula, Sesabamisad,
axali simboluri, virtualuri realo-
bebis ZiriTad eqsportiorad amerika
darCa, romelmac msoflio santa-klausis
da sxva msgavsi brendebis mox ma rebis
aucileblobis winaSe daayena, rac man
warmatebiT ganaxorciela kidec. am-
ierian santa-klausi `saSobao indus-
triis~ servisis moucilebeli nawilia.
1. `momxmarebluri sigiJe~ da
`romantika~ Tanamedrove msoflioSi Sobis dRe-
saswaulis gaazrebisadmi miZRvnili
sxvadasxva publikaciis (tradici-
uli qristianuli konfesiis warmomad-
genelTa gancxadebebi, Tanamedrove
religiisa da kulturis sociologiis
mkvlevrebis, msoflio ekonomikaSi axali
tendenciebis eqspertebisa da islamuri
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 45
samyaros warmomadgenlebis mier glo-
balizaciis kritika) anali zisas Cndeba
xSirad figurirebadi si tyva, romelic
araTu gamoxatavs im atmosferos, ro-
melic postmodernistul epoqaSi Sobis
dResaswaulis aRniSvnas axlavs Tan,
aramed cxadad aCvenebs am yvelafris
ukan mdgom problemas. am SemTxvevaSi
saqme moxmarebis kults da Sobis dRe-
saswaulis komercializacias exeba.
germanulenovan qveynebSi `moxma rebiT
gaTangvaze, Trobaze~ laparakoben. daax-
loebiT ase unda vTargmnoT german uli
Konsumurausch, romelic germane leb-
is, avstrielebisa da Sveicarie li ebis
yoveldRiur metyvelebaSi Tanda Tan dam-
kvidrda. ̀ saSobao sigiJe~ TiT qmis yvela
qveyanaSi erTnairad vlin deba: saSobao
fasdaklebebi, farTod reklamirebuli
saSobao gayidvebi da sxva misTanani
savaWro centrebSi namd vil komerciul
bums qmnian, rac konsu merizmis epoqaSi
Sobis dResaswaulis damaxasiaTebeli
niSani xdeba, Tumca dResaswauli mxlod
amiT ar Semoifa rgleba. igi mTeli rigi
miTologemebiT xasiaTdeba, romelTa-
gan erT-erTi survi lebis asrulebas
ukavSirdeba. erTian obas, mTlianobas
da TavisTavadobas moklebuli sociumi
iqmnis yalb ilu zias oqros xanis dadgo-
mis (dakarguli erTianobis, mTlianobis
da TavisTa vadobis miRweva) Sesaxeb, rac
cnobie rebis siRrmeSi dafluli ar-
qetipebis aqtualizaciis Sedegad unda
CavTva loT. am SemTxvevaSi irkveva, rom
soci umis mexsierebidan jer kidev ar
gam qrala istoriis mTavari saswauli _
ieso qristes Soba, romliTac kacobri-
obas RvTisaken mimavali gza gaexsna.
am yvelafris muxedavad posmodernul
epoqaSi Sobis dResaswaulis mTavar siu-
Jetad moxmareba da momxmarebluri su-
liskveTeba rCeba, rac adamianis zneobriv
dacemasa da gadagvarebaze metyvelebs.
2. santa-klausi iaponiaSi
globalizaciis wyalobiT Sobis
dResaswaulma masobrivi xasiaTi miiRo
iseT qveynebsa da kulturebSi, romlebic
TavianTi religiuri tradiciebiT Sors
arian qristianobisagan (Tumca dRes
ukve dResaswauls araferi saerTo ara
aqvs religiasTan), magaliTad, iaponiaSi,
CineTSi, ramdenime arabul qveyanaSi, kam-
bojaSi da sxv. maT Soris gamor Ceuli
iaponiaa, sadac qristianebi mosaxleobis
mxolod 2%-s Seadgenen. miuxedavad amisa,
axalgazdrobis warmomadgenlebs Soris
dResaswaulisa da misi mTavari gmiris
popularoba kolosalurad izrdeba. sa-
Sobao saCuqrebis gacvlis idea iapo nuri
cxovrebis wesSi kargad Caewera. rogorc
wesi, Sobamde ori kviriT adre iaponuri
kulturuli da savaWro sivrce saSobao
dekoraciebiT, aTasgvari reklamebiTa da
simRerebiT ivseba; saSobao tradiciebis
mixedviT irTveba saxlebi, qalaqis quCebi
da moednebi, romlis wyalobiTac iaponi-
ac TandaTan saSobao Konsumurausch-Si
vardeba. es yovelive analogiuri sce-
nariT xor ciel deba mTel msoflioSi.
samwuxaro mxolod is aris, rom dResas-
wauli mTlianad daclilia yovelgvari
qri sti anuli konteqstisagan.
3. ori siuJeti: `santa-klausis niRabqveS~ da `vin
moipara Soba~postTanamedrove msoflioSi Sobis
dResaswaulis garSemo Seqmnil situa-
cias SeiZleba daerqvas `brZola Sobis-
aTvis~. am brZolaSi `interpretaciebs
Soris konfliqti~ igulisxmeba. kerZod,
saqme imis garkvevas exeba, ̀ Tu vin imaleba
santas niRabSi~ da ̀ vin moipara Soba~. ka-
maTi swored am ori siuJetis garSemo mim-
dinareobs, romlebSic epoqis sxvada sxva
46 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
gamoZaxili kargad ismis. am Sem TxvevaSi
santas identoba mTavari prob lemaa, rac
postsekularuli epoqisaTvis damaxasi-
aTebeli ZiriTadi niSania. aR sani Snavia,
rom am gagebiT santa yovel gvar tradici-
ul maidentificirebel atributikas
absoluturad moklebulia. yovelive
es naTlad metyvelebs post Tanamedrove
adamianis desakrali zac iaze, profana-
ciasa da virtualizaciaze. santas saxiT
saukeTeso sulieri ide alebi gaSarJe-
buli da gaukuRmarT ebu lia; am saqmeSi ki
lomis wlili hol ivuds miuZRvis Tavisi
filmebiT: ̀ cudi santa~, ̀ rogor moipara
grinCma Soba~ da sxva.
4. Soba da
politkoreqtulobapostmodernul epoqaSi Sobis dRe-
saswaulisaTvis niSandoblivi sivrcis
zedapiruli analizic ki aCvenebs dResa-
swaulis deqristianizacias, romelic
politikur aspeqtSi politkor eqtu l-
obis ideologias gamoxatavs da fsevdo-
liberalebis mier postTanamedrove
demok ratiuli kulturis miRwevadaa
miCneuli. igi cxovrebis nebismier sfe-
roSi diskriminaciis nebismieri formis
dauSveblobaze zrunavs, magram Tuki
saqmis viTarebas kargad davakvirdebiT,
aRmovaCenT, rom yovelive es globali-
sturi eqspansiisaTvis optimaluri
pir obebis Seqmnad SeiZleba miviCnioT,
rome lic maqsimaluri inkluziurobisa
da usazRvro gavlenis sferos mopovebis
strategias emsaxureba. politkoreq tu-
lobis ZiriTadi potenciali adre Tu
gvian im saxis realobasTan migviyvans,
rodesac santas niRabqveS usqeso arse bas
an raRac sxva tipis urCxuls davina xavT.
5. Chrismukkah: Sobasa da
xanukas Sorispostmodernis epoqa santas transfor-
maciis sazRvrebs ukve ar eZebs, ramdena-
dac kiTxvis niSnis qveS dgas santas
romelime SesaZlo identobis problema.
amis magaliTia faqti, romelic niu-
iorkSi moxda: erT-erTi mewarme, ron
gompertci, axali dResaswaulis Seqmnis
iniciativiT gamovida, romelic qristia-
nul Sobas da ebraul xanukas erTi
dResaswauliT _ saxelad _ qrismukah
gaaerTianebda. avtoris azriT, es dResas-
wauli axali stiliT Sobasa da xanukas
Soris periodSi unda aReniSnaT, Tumca
am ideas mxari arc kaTolikebma da ar
iudevelebma ar dauWires, magram msgavsi
proeqtebi postTnamedrove civiliza-
ciis pirobebSi savsebiT logikuria.
6. `memarcxene alternativis~ antikapitalisturi
protesti kapitalizmis globalur eqspansias
`memarcxene moZraobis~ mTeli rigi
warmomadgenlebi aprotesteben. eseni
ZiriTadad antiglobalisturi moZra-
obis warmomadgenlebi da postmarqsi-
stuli antikapitalisturi ganwyobis
mqone adamianebi arian. es ukanasknelni
frankfurtis skolis kritikuli Teori-
is tradiciebs agrZeleben. mTavar safr-
Txes antiglobalistebi transnaciona-
luri korporaciis proeqt `Xmas~-Si
xedaven. maT mixedviT, proeqtis mizani
saSobao servisisa da industriis meSve-
o biT sxvadasxva xalxis kulturaSi
momxmarebluri strategiebis damkvid-
rebiT axali msoflio wesrigis formir-
ebisaTvis xelis Sewyobaa, amitom am
moZ raobis warmomadgenlebi yvelas mou-
wod eben, uari Tqvan am maskaradSi mona-
wi l eobaze. amerika Tavis ambicias msof-
lio hegemonobaze globaluri ameriku-
li sistemis meSveobiT axorcielebs.
am sistemis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani
Semad geneli nawilia holivudis filmebi,
disnei, makdonaldsis qselebi da ganaT-
lebis amerikuli sistema (amis Sesaxeb ix.
zb. bJezinskis `didi saWadrako dafa~).
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 47
7. iaponia: Zenta-klausi
santas winaaRmdeg
iaponiaSi santa-klausis alternativa
Zenta-klausi gaCnda. masSi iaponiaSi
gavrcelebuli Zen-budizmis tradiciebi
damaxasiaTebel ekologiur msoflmxed-
velobasTanaa Serwymuli. amis Sedegad
gaCnda devizi: ̀ Soba sayidlebis gareSe~,
rac globalisturi tendenciebis iapon-
ur alternativas warmoadgens.
8. Sobis dResaswaulis
komercializaciis problema
tradiciuli qristianuli kulture bi
ewinaaRmdegebian Sobis dResaswau lis
komercializacias da profanacias, rac
savsebiT swori da bunebrivia. So bis
dResaswaulis komercializaciis winaaR-
mdeg gamodis rusuli marTlmadi debeli
eklesia. germanelma qristi anebma gaapro-
testes mTavrobis mier gamocemuli gzam-
kvlevi, romelic saSo bao tradiciebis
aRweriT iwyeba da Semdeg `saSobao
industriis~ sruli asor timenti da san-
tas Sesaxeb legen debia warmodgenili,
maSin rodesac qristes Sobaze erTi si-
tyvac ar aris naxsenebi. dResaswaulis
komercia liza ciis sawinaaRmdegod arc
kaTolikebi arian gulxeldakrefilni.
2007 wels avstriisa da germaniis mTel
rig adgi lebSi saSobao bazrobebze
oficia lurad akrZales santas gamosaxu-
le bebis gamotana. msgavsi saprotesto
moZraobebi amerikaSic arsebobs, rac
imaze metyvelebs, rom adamianebi Tan da-
TanobiT acnobiereben, Tu raoden saS iSia
postmodernul amneziaSi yofna, romelic,
Tavis mxriv, superTanamedrove kulturis
artefaqtebis (santa da sxv.) meSveobiT
axali tipis cnobierebas qmnis.
daskvna: Soba postmodernis
pluralistur `qaosmosSi~
postmodernuli epoqis pluralis-
tur `qaosmosSi~ Sobis dResaswauli da
masTan dakavSirebuli santa-klausis
saxe tradiciuli wesrigis dekonstruq-
ciaze mianiSnebs, romelSic nebismieri
identoba gagebulia, rogorc niRabi;
amitom amerikuli kinematografis mier
santa-klausis gangsteris, qurdis an
banditis saxiT warmodgena logikuri
unda iyos. aseve logikuria isic, rom
swored amerikaSi gauCndaT adamianebs
Chrismukkah-is idea. potenciurad araf-
riT ar gansazRvruli `interteqstua-
luri~ kulturis pirobebSi raime saxis
identobaze saubari SeuZlebelia. iden-
toba aq gagebulia, rogorc umarTebulo
igiveobisa da `cnobierebis mistifik-
aciis~ Sedegi. postmodernul epoqas ar
SeuZlia, rom sakralursa da profanuls,
taZarsa da savaWro centrs, marxvasa da
karnavals, saSobao wirvasa da saSobao
Sopings Soris arsebul otologiur
sxvaobas Seeguos. karnavali marxvis
niRbiT, saSobao wirvis nacvlad Sopingi
da mravali misTana gaxda postTana-
medrove desakralizebuli epoqis niSani,
romelSic WeSmaritebaze, mizezze an
mizanze saubari arapolitkoreqtulad
da saeWvodaa miCneuli. karnavaluroba
saocrad sworad gamoxatavs im socio-
kul turuli situaciis arss, romelic
speqtaklis saxiT xorcieldeba. amis
mixedviT, wmindani Canacvlebulia pro-
faniT, romelic koka-kolas reklamas
warmoadgens. Sedegad xatisa da sarek-
lamo esTetikis uazro Serwymas viRebT.
aseTia postmodernis esTetikis Ziri Tadi
tendencia.
postmodernuli epoqa aqtiurad av-
48 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
rce lebs amneziis yovelgvar SesaZle-
bel teqnikas, romelic didwilad `an-
timexsierebis~ strategiazea agebuli.
antimexsierebis erT-erT aseT figuras
santa-klausi warmoadgens, romelic
qristes Sobis aRsaniSnavi tradiciis
imitaciiT etalonur simulakrad gvev-
lineba da sakuTaris garda sxva war-
suls ar cnobs. Sedegad santa-klausis
saxe urTierTkavSirSia ara qristesTan
an wminda nikolozTan, aramed disneis
multiplikaciis gmirebTan: miki-mausTan
an pokemonTan; misi kulturuli konteq-
sti pirdapir kavSirSia makdonaldsTan,
holivudTan da disneilendTan. am saxis
perspeqtivaSi principuli gansxvaveba
qristes Sobas da helouins an valen-
tinobas Soris gamqralia.
aRsaniSnavia, rom postmodernuli ar-
qiteqturis erT-erTi principi imaSi md-
gomareobs, rom arqiteqturuli ansa mbli
centris garSemo unda iyos Tavmoy rili
ise, rom Tavad centri carieli darCes.
aseT cariel centrad aqcevs post-
modernuli epoqa Sobis dResas wa uls,
romelSic qristes adgils takimas xara
santa-klausi ikavebs.
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 49
murman zaqaraias ganvlil cxovrebaze
erTi Tvalis gadavlebac sakmarisia
imis dasanaxavad, rom misi yoveli nabi-
ji aris piruTvneli arCevani, romelic
samSoblos bedze Rrma metafizikuri
wuxiliTaa nasazrdoebi. misTvis lite-
ra turuli moRvaweoba arasodes yofila
ambiciebis dasakmayofilebeli asparezi.
mis xelSi kalami aris iariRi, rom liTac
ufskrulSi gadaCexili samSob los
gadarCenas lamobs. Tu davakvir debiT
murmanis publicistikis, naSro mebis,
wignebis saTaurebs da gamoqvey nebisa
da gamocemebis TariRebs („erov nuli
Tanxmobis koncefcia“; „terori Tu reaq-
cia tiraniaze“; „daTrgunuli Rirseba“
2000 w.; „narkvevi rusul ideaze“, 2005 w.),
cxadad davinaxavT, rom maTi Sinaarsi
da wamoWrili sakiTxebisadmi damokide-
buleba arasodes yofila wminda Teori-
uli interesis sagani. yo vel maTganSi
umTavresi aris arsebuli problemebis
gadaWris gzebis Zieba; Cvens bedkrul
qveyanaSi gaCenil axal-axal satkivarze
Teoriul-emoci uri reagireba, mowodeba,
SeZaxili, xandaxan Semolawunebac; imis
gacnobi ereba, vin viyaviT, vin varT da ras
gvavaldebulebs Cveni vinaoba; STagoneba,
rom Cvenze, Cvens Zalisxmevaze didadaa
damokidebuli Cveni xvalindeli dRe,
murman, gilocav cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis 70 wlisTavs. gisurveb Sens monagar-murman, gilocav cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis 70 wlisTavs. gisurveb Sens monagar-
Tan erTad didxans sicocxles da sanukvari miznebis xorcSesxmas…Tan erTad didxans sicocxles da sanukvari miznebis xorcSesxmas…
70 wels uxdeba Rimilnarevi serio zuloba, rameTu masSi sibrZnea dabud ebuli...70 wels uxdeba Rimilnarevi serio zuloba, rameTu masSi sibrZnea dabud ebuli...
mogexseneba, arsebobs msoflmxedve loba, romlis mixedviT, adamianis TiTqmis mogexseneba, arsebobs msoflmxedve loba, romlis mixedviT, adamianis TiTqmis
yvela saqmianoba, kultura, mokled, mTeli cxovreba TamaSis Semcveli fermentiTaa yvela saqmianoba, kultura, mokled, mTeli cxovreba TamaSis Semcveli fermentiTaa
gamsWvaluli. es Tvalsazrisi SeiZleba an gaviziaroT, an ara, magram is ki unda gamsWvaluli. es Tvalsazrisi SeiZleba an gaviziaroT, an ara, magram is ki unda
vaRiaroT, rom ase gagebuli cxovreba muxTal wuTisofels ufro asatans xdis.vaRiaroT, rom ase gagebuli cxovreba muxTal wuTisofels ufro asatans xdis.
ai, kacs usruldeba aTasgvari Wir-varamiT daxunZluli 70 weli, mis cxov rebaSi ai, kacs usruldeba aTasgvari Wir-varamiT daxunZluli 70 weli, mis cxov rebaSi
Zalian seriozuli ram xdeba, magram, sxva rom araferi vTqvaT, ukve im faqtSi, saiu-Zalian seriozuli ram xdeba, magram, sxva rom araferi vTqvaT, ukve im faqtSi, saiu-
bileod zustad 70 wlisTavs rom aRvniSnavT da ara 69-s an 71-s, Ta maSis elementia bileod zustad 70 wlisTavs rom aRvniSnavT da ara 69-s an 71-s, Ta maSis elementia
SeWrili, rac, erTi SexedviT, „Cveulebriv“ dRes sadResas waulo elfers matebs da SeWrili, rac, erTi SexedviT, „Cveulebriv“ dRes sadResas waulo elfers matebs da
kulturis nawilad gadaaqcevs... am TamaSs SeiZleba mrgvali TariRs magia vuwodoT...kulturis nawilad gadaaqcevs... am TamaSs SeiZleba mrgvali TariRs magia vuwodoT...
ase rom, Cemo murman, cxovreba serio zulobisa da TamaSis zRvarze gadebuli bew-ase rom, Cemo murman, cxovreba serio zulobisa da TamaSis zRvarze gadebuli bew-
vis xidia da masze gasvlas uzado gemo vneba da didi xelovneba sWir deba, raTa serio-vis xidia da masze gasvlas uzado gemo vneba da didi xelovneba sWir deba, raTa serio-
zulobis damTrgunveli simZimisagan an TamaSis infantiluri sim Ca tisagan Tavgza ar zulobis damTrgunveli simZimisagan an TamaSis infantiluri sim Ca tisagan Tavgza ar
agvebnes da ufsk rulSi ar gadaviCexoT... naTqvami exeba rogorc mTeli sazogadoebis, agvebnes da ufsk rulSi ar gadaviCexoT... naTqvami exeba rogorc mTeli sazogadoebis,
ise calkeuli pirovnebis cxovrebas.ise calkeuli pirovnebis cxovrebas.
drois is patara monakveTi, usasrul obas rom gamostace, samwuxarod, samsalis drois is patara monakveTi, usasrul obas rom gamostace, samwuxarod, samsalis
didi doziTaa gajerebuli, magram uflis wyalobiTa da Seni didi kacobiT, Rirse-didi doziTaa gajerebuli, magram uflis wyalobiTa da Seni didi kacobiT, Rirse-
uli saqmeebiTa da mravali mSveni eri wamiTaa mooWvili. es imgvari Rire bu lebis uli saqmeebiTa da mravali mSveni eri wamiTaa mooWvili. es imgvari Rire bu lebis
wamebia, romelTac didi poeti SeCerebas sTxovda.wamebia, romelTac didi poeti SeCerebas sTxovda.
madli
robert petriaSvili
ubiT satarebeli wigni
50 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
didwilad Cven TviTon varT Cveni bedis-
weris Semoqmedni...
maSin, roca murmanis gonebaSi momwi-
fda idea da daTrgunuli Rirsebis
aRsa dgenad kalams xeli mohkida, Cveni
uax loesi warsulis is periodia, roca
SevardnaZis reJimis cinizmma zenits
miaRwia. qancgawyvetil, yovlad pativay-
ril da sulian-xorcianad dabeCavebuli
eris Svilebs Rirsebis medlebiTa da
ordenebiT masobrivad ajildoebdnen.
ukve calkeulad, pirovnulad ki ara
(romelTa nawils, marTlac sapatio ada-
mianebs, ekuTvnoda kidec raRac jil do)
jgufurad, koleqtiurad... es, sayo vel-
Tao gamedlianeba-gajinjileba, Tavisi
masStaburobiTa da formiT da, rac
mTavaria, politikuri SinaarsiT, sayov-
elTao gaupatiurebas ufro hgav da...
qeddadrekil, Rirsebisagan daSretil
qveyanaSi aTeul Tu aseul aTasi Rir-
seb is ordenosani kavaleris arseboba
iyo warmoudgeneli paradoqsi. meoce
da ocdameerTe saukuneTa mijnaze saqa-
rTveloSi naSob „jer ar naxul, jer
ar gagonil“ paradoqss kidev ufro
amZafrebda is garemoeba, rom am rCeul
„eris kacTa“ legionebSi mxolod erTi
pirovneba (msaxiobi nodar mgalobliS-
vili) aRmoCnda, romelmac gabeda da
sajarod uari Tqva dajildoebaze,
Rirseba SeinarCuna da mraval patiosan
adamians SvebiT amosunTqvis saSualeba
misca...
adamianTa RirsebiTa da medlebiT
mo Jongliore-moTamaSe reJimma dajil-
doebis imitaciiT isedac ganjgonebul
(borotebasa da sikeTes Soris gansxva-
vebis unarwarTmeul) sazogadoebas kidev
ufro aubnia goneba. TiTqmis yoveli
gamorCeuli, ambiciis mqone kaci Tavisi
„sagmiro“ saqmeebis Tanamonawile gaxada
da, sul cota, imas miaRwia, rom prot estis
sajarod gamoxatvis moral uri ufleba
waarTva... da daaduma.
am viTarebaSi arRvevs murman zaqaraia
dumils. misi patara zomis (aseTi forma
SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos...), ubis jibiT
satarebeli wigni _ „daTrgunuli Rir-
seba“ ukun bnelSi saydarSi danTebuli
sanTeliviT akiafda...
murmani srulad acnobierebs, ra
rTul, umadur da saWoWmano saqmes mo-
hkida xeli. arc is aviwydeba, rom simar-
Tlis mTqmels cxeni Sekazmuli unda
hyavdes, magram Seqmnili mdgoma reoba da
Sinagani Rirseba, e.i. sindisi, sxva arCev-
ans ar utovebs. Semwed da farad ilias
sityvebs iSveliebs: „vaJkac igia, vinc
marTals etyvis qveyanas mcdomsao“.
wignis „dasawyisSi“ mkiTxvels sTava-
zobs „pesimistur eseis fexqveS gaTelil
da daTrgunul Rirsebaze“. Tumca, misi
pesimizmi, SeiZleba iTqvas, „dasawyis-
Sive mTavrdeba. mas mohyveba kacobriobis
Rirseul SvilTa, brZenkacTa naazrevsa
da sulier gamocdilebaze dafuZnebuli
optimisturi qveTavebi: „Rirsebas ver
moklav“, „Rirseba adamianis substanciaa“,
„Rirsebis aRdgena mowmobs Tavisufleb-
isaken mibrunebas“...
mokled, „daTrgunul Rirsebas“ da
murman zaqaraias mTel cxovrebas lait-
motivad gasdevs saxelmZRvanelo idea
_ gamouvali viTareba ar arsebobs.
mTava ria, ar Sewydes brZola (Sroma) da
Segneba imisa, rom brZolas (Sromas) yov-
elTvis aqvs azri!
miuxedavad didi SemarTebisa,mis me-
brZol optimizmSi mainc rCeba bzari,
romlis amovsebas im mowodeba-gaf-
rTxilebiT cdilobs, udabnoSi gangaSis
zariviT rom gaismis:
„Tu gons ar movuxmeT, suli ar da-
vubruneT xorcs, mewyvile warTmeuli,
dards gadayolili kanaris CitiviT,
qarTvel ersac moinelebs uRirsebo
cxovreba...
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 51
laSa gvasalia
poezias Tavisi gza aqvs, gamorCeuli
da gansakuTrebuli gza, romliTac is
xelovnebis sxva dargebTan Tu JanrebTan
SedarebiT ufro advilad aRwevs suli-
eri kulminaciis samwvervalos. sazomi
poeturobisa ki niWia mxolod, yovelgvar
mdgomareobasa da situaciaze maRla
mdgari niWi, miyurZiravebuli sofli-
dan amoxeTqils rom ZaluZs giganturi
alagebidan moWyurtule kal mosnebis
daCoqeba. erT poetur nimuSSi SesaZloa
mTeli samyaros Cateva da ver damisax-
elebs veravin sxva rames, garda musikisa,
dedamiwis zurgze msgavsi ramis miRweva
rom SeeZlos! musika ki poeziis akompani-
mentiao, _ werda goeTe. yovelive es ki mo-
vayole didebuli Semoqmedis, camaRali
poetisa da uRirseulesi mamu li Svilis
zaur molaSxias misaloc werils. diax,
70 wlis iubiles vulo cavT ̀ musikaluri
lirikis~ ostats, er ovnuli sulierebis
mebairaRes, ka lamu flian Semoqmeds _
baton zaur mo laS xias. hegelisa ar iyos,
visi sruli anareklicaa misive `saqmi-
anoba~.
yovelgvari gadametebis gareSe vi-
tyvi: man SeZlo qarTuli literaturis
wiaRiani poeti
parnasze sakuTari koSkis aRmarTva.
amis Tqmis uflebas maZlevs is, rom, Cemi
dak virvebiT, batoni zaurisTvis poeziis
sagani ar aris samyaros dasrulebuli,
sagnobrivi, nivTieri da movlenismieri
garemo. Zalian bevri kalmosani am
garemos aRwerisa da dramatizmisTvis
iRvwis, zaur molaSxia ki am sagnebis
Sobamdeli, pirveladi saidumloebis
xilvas eswrafvis da Cans _ es aris mi si
sadReniadago sadardisi da safiq ra-
li, amitomacaa is saintereso da naRdi
Semoqmedi. Tu gnebavT, Cems gadamete-
bul siTamames miawereT, magram mainc
vityvi: poezia, RmerTiviT, mxolod ga-
reSe mo menti ar gaxlavT samyarosTvis,
mas Za luZs SeiWras Tavisive Seqmnil,
Tu gne bavT, warmosaxul samyaroSi da
es moax erxos siyvarulisa da gaocebis
ZaliT, ufro rom davazustoT, gare obi-
eqtis Se sa Zleblobis gaTavisebisa da
Signi dan gancdis safuZvelze. yovelive
amis Tqma batoni zauris poeziaze Tavis-
uf lad SeiZleba, misi inteleqtualuri
simaRlisa da SemoqmedebiTi siwrfelis
gaTvaliswinebiT.
SemoqmedebiTi siwrfelis sazomi ki
moqalaqeobrivi poziciis Semoqmedeb-
iTad aRqmisa da cxovrebaSi misi gatar-
ebis unikalur unarSia. am SemTxvevaSic
Tavaweulad SeuZlia iaros Cvenma poet ma
da iamayos, rom mis didebul, canaTel
poezias scems samyaros surneli: dedis,
mamis, dis, Zmis, Svilebis, megobrebis, mi-
wis, yvavilebis, mTis, baris, Rvinis, qalis,
siyvarulis da, saerTod, mravalTaTvis
SeugrZnobadi samyaros surneli...
araferi etyoba sicocxleze Cqari,
midis, midis da... 70-mac moukakuna Cvens
sayvarel megobars. `mZimdebian wlebi
am moxucis Zvlebze~... mZimdebian, magram
`Zvalmsxvil~ zaur molaSxias ras daak-
leben? is niSa xariviT miuyveba xnuls
52 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
erTgul mTesvelad da igulo vnebs, in-
agrebs saocar nimuSebs poeziis da kuT-
vneul Semoqobil samyaroSi amzevebs _
niSnad maradisi siyvarulisa.
sul mgonia, rom 85-e fsalmunis am
nawils dabadebidan RiRinebda batoni
zauri da ausrulda kidec: `damayene,
ufalo, Sens gzaze, raTa viaro Seni
WeSmaritebiT, warmarTe Cemi guli Seni
saxelis moSiSebiT...~. am saniSansveto
uflismieri WeSmaritebiT warimarTa
am kargi adamianis kargi poezia... karg
poezias ki Tagori `sunTqvis gamspe tak-
eblad~ axasiaTebs.
winamdebare ese gansxvavebuli iqneba
Cemi msgavsi Tematikis eseebisgan imiT,
rom TvalsaCinoebis dasturad poetis
Semoqmedebas ar movitan magaliTad,
mkiTxvelma unda gansajos, ramdenad
obieqturad vudgebi mis Semoqmedebas da
Tavad mounagros Sesabamisi stro febi.
zaur molaSxias leqsebSi Cans abso-
l u turad individualuri poetis suli-
eri instinqtebi, grZnobaTa da gancdaTa
gansakuTrebuli melodiuroba. poetis
gancdebi da emociuri akordi masSi in-
te leq tualuri aRqmis anarekliTa da
rwmenis bolomde gandobis aucile b l-
o biTaa aRbeWdili, rasac xels uTuod
isic uwyobs, rom sityvis maRalos ta turi
universalizaciidan gamomdinare, eno-
brivi diapazoni ostaturad farTov deba,
SesaZleblobis maqsimums aRwevs. rode-
sac zaur molaSxias leqsebs kiT xu lob,
xedav, rom mas, rogorc naRd SemoqmedT
sCveviaT, ar sWirdeba raRac poeturi sa-
gnebisa da amoCemebuli, xel ovnuri arq-
iteqtonikis SerCeva, yvela da yvelaferi
Tanabrad xvdeba mis TvalsawierSi da
amas iseTi ostatobiT axerxebs, dak-
virvebuli mkiTxveli uTu od ityvis:
`poezia aris is, rac samyaros yvelaze
da yvelaferze metad sWirdeba~.
mCvevia xolme metaforuli saxel-
wod ebebisa Tu refrenebis misadageba
ama Tu im Semoqmedis naRvawisTvis. zaur
molaSxias qmnilebebs wiaRiani poezia
davarqvi miwieri, yuaTiani puriviT amze-
kabanebis gamo!
iSviaTobaa, rodesac poeti SeiZlebs
Tavisi SemoqmedebiT sindisis angariSi
warudginos Tavis xalxsa da qveyanas.
es uTuod moaxerxa Cvenma pativcemulma
poetma da keTilad wainabija win _ usas-
ru lobisa da goniTi maradJamulobis ken!
*
sawuxilod SevityveT, rom zaur mol-
a Sxias, 70 wlis iubilar poets, daewva
sacxovrebeli bina kote mesxis quCaze.
wamiT warmovidgine am ubedu rebiT
gaxevebuli poeti, cecxlmodebuli wig-
nebi _ pativsacem adamianTa warwerebiT,
daubeWdavi leqsebi, werilebi, Canawerebi
da uamravi ram... gaSeSebuli adamianebi,
tkiviliT aRvsili poetis ojaxisebi,
meuRle, Svilebi, SviliSvilebi da uime-
dobiT gaarafrebuli samyaro, romelsac
siyvarulisa da dandobis niSanwylisa
ara atyvia ra, magram poeti rodis yo-
fila bolomde gaxarebuli, gaRimebuli
da gamzevebuli... Tumca Semoqmedeba misi
Tavadaa Rimilica da sevdac, siyvaru-
lica da sinanulic da, saerTod, poeti
uflis Citia, niblias aviT saTuTi, magram
arwivisguleba...
gavufrTxildeT poets, miT ufro,
roca is 70 wels gadaabijebs!
mravalJamier, sayvarelo adamiano!
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 53
valerian vekuam Tavisi morigi wigni
`gzasavali~ gasul wels gamosca. kre-
bulis kontitulze vkiTxulobT, rom
avtori samocdaxuTi wlisa xdeba, mom-
devno gverdidan ki suraTidan Semogvy-
urebs Coxa-axaluxSi gamowyobili
kolxi vaJkaci, ukve Warmagi, magram mxne
da gautexeli. yovelive es mis saxeze
ikiTxeba, mis mzeraSi mJRavn deba da Tu
cxovrebaSi erTxelac ar SexvedrixarT,
isedac mixvdebiT, rom es krebuli Rir-
seul mamuliSvils ekuT vnis, romlisT-
visac umTavresi patiosneba, simarTle
da sikeTea.
amaSi iqve darwmundebiT, rodesac
wignis kiTxvas SeudgebiT da avtoris
nafiqr-naazrevs gaecnobiT sakuTari
cxovrebis gzaze, mSobliur afxazeTze,
Tavis sayvarel gulrifSze, oTxmoc-
daaTian wlebSi Cvens Tavs datexil ube-
durebaze, erisa da qveynis moRal ateTa
qmedebebze, mitovebul saflavebsa da
Cveni warsulis eulad STenil Zeglebze,
dauviwyar maswavleblebze, megobrebze...
wignis es prozauli nawili avto-
ris leqsebiTaa gajerebuli, rac ufro
mZafrsa da eqspresiuls xdis Txrobas;
TviT saTqmeli ki im WeSmaritebidan
gamomdinareobs, romlis Selamazebasa
da ukuRma warmoCenasac ar eridebian
mavanni, raTa TavianTi da Tavisianebis
codvebi damalon an sxvebs gadaabra lon.
valerian vekua ki WeSmaritebis piruT-
vneli gadmomcemia, marTali mesityvea,
simarTlis pirSi mTqmelia, radgan mTeli
Tavisi cxovreba, mTeli es samocdaxuTi
weli umwikvlod gamo iara, arc komunis-
tur epoqaSi gaucvlia Tavisi patiosneba
amqveyniur amaoebaze da arc Semdegac.
wignis Semdegi nawili leqsebs eTmo-
ba, magram ar gegonoT, rom aq Cveulebriv
poetur striqonebs waikiTxavT samSob-
losa Tu mis warsulze, sikeTesa Tu
siyvarulze, rac yovelTvis maradiuli
Temaa nebismieri lirikuli wignisTvis,
_ ara, avtoris leqsebi gulrifSelebs
eZRvneba: axloblebs, megobrebs, romel-
Tagan zogi amqveynad aRar aris, zogi ki
kvlavac janzea da qveynis sasikeTod
iRvwis. avtors maTi suraTebic moupo-
vebia da ase miuZRvnia TiToeulisTvis
miseuli siTboTi da moferebiT aRsavse
striqonebi. amrigad, es leqsebi logi-
kurad agrZeleben wignis pirvel nawi lSi
wamoWrili monatrebisa da am monatrebiT
mogvrili tkivilis Temas.
radgan wignis arqiteqtonikaze Camova-
gdeT saubari, barem mis bolo nawilsac
SevexoT, romelSic valerian vekua ki
ar wers Tavis megobar-naTesavebze, ar-
amed TviT misi megobrebi weren TviTon
valerian vekuaze da STabeWdilebebs
gviziareben mwerlis adre gamocemuli
wignebis Sesaxeb. am nawiliT gvirgvi-
tkiviliani monatreba
jemal Sonia
54 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
ndeba Tanadgomisa da Tanalmobis is
laitmotivi, romelsac pirvelive stri-
qo nebidan gvagrZnobinebs avtori.
valerian vekuas Tavidanve SevyavarT im
garemoSi, romelSic daibada da gaizarda,
saidanac daadga cxovrebis qartexilian
gzas. mSob liuri gulrifSi, zRva, skola,
maswa vleb lebi da Tanaklaselebi, Semdeg
_ soxumi, studentobis wlebi... samxedro
samsaxuris moxdis Semdeg pedagogiuri
moRvaweoba sabedianos ulamazesi sof-
lidan _ CxorTolidan daiwyo; erTxans
Sinagan saqmeTa raiganyofilebis uf-
rosis moadgile iyo politnawilSi,
mere, 1988 wlidan gulrifSis ganaT-
lebis raionul ganyofilebaSi mTel
20 weliwads imuSava... mTavari mainc is
cxovrebiseuli poziciaa, romlisTvisac
valerians erTxelac ar uRalatia; igi
afxazeTSi erovnul-ganmaTavisu fle-
beli moZraobis erT-erTi TvalsaCino
warmomadgenelia da dRemde erTgulad
emsaxureba zviad gamsaxurdiasa da merab
kostavas ideebs.
gansakuTrebuli tkiviliT aRwers
valerian vekua mSobliuri saxl-karis
datovebis mZime suraTs, rodesac egreT
wodebulma samTavrobo jarebma gaq ceviT
uSveles Tavs da umweo mosax le oba
sisxlze dageSil mters Seatoves. devni-
lobaSic bevri siZnelisa da gas aWiris
mowme gaxda isedac gawamebuli afx az-
eTis qarTveloba _ umweoba, damci reba,
daulagebeli qveyana, gausaZlisi piro-
bebi Cveni ganuyreli Tanamgzavri gaxda.
erTmaneTs gadakidebul poli tikosebs
xalxi arc axsovT da valeri an vekuac
wuxs erovnuli suliskveTebis, Cveni su-
lierebis, tradiciebis dakni nebis gamo. am
wuxilma daawerina mas mSvenieri leqsi
`bilws ar Sevekvri zavi Ta~, romelic
Tavis mogonebebSi aqvs CarTuli:
`borots amarcxebs keTili
uflis SewevniT, ZaliTa;
ramdenic aRar miWirdes,
`bilws ar Savekvri zaviTa~...
gaakres jvarze mamuli
farisevlebma zakviTa,
mec rom im jvarze gamakran,
`bilws ar Savekvri zaviTa~...
am leqsis paToss cota qvemoT vale-
rian vekua ase agrZelebs:
`mjera uzenaesis Zlierebisa. vici,
sabolood gaimarjvebs keTili da daiT-
rguneba boroti, gamTliandeba mrava-
ltanjuli samSoblo, davbrundebiT
odabadeSi, mSobliur afxazeTSi, wminda
giorgis laSqriT Seimusreba mteri da
mova TeTr cxenze amxedrebuli mxedari,
igive mwyemsi, didebiTa da SaravandediT
gabrwyinebuli. axloa Jami...~
avtoris es imedi gadamdebia da ami-
tomac warmoCndeba igi mkiTxvelis winaSe
mwed da nugeSismcemlad, rac ase Zalian
sWirdeba devnilobamisjil qar T velobas,
romelTagan bevrma mSob liuri saxl-
karis natvra da varami saf lavSi Caitana
da axla zeciuri samyof elidan ivedreba
Cvens gadarCenas.
gulrifSelebisadmi miZRvnil leqs-
ebSi poeti cdilobs, srulyofilad
dagvi xatos TiToeuli maTganis saxe, xa-
siaTi Tu Rvawli qveynis winaSe. zemoT
aRvniSne, am leqsebs avtorma fotoebic
daurTo-meTqi. amrigad, pirovnebis gar-
egnuli mxare, anu fotosuraTi, TiTqos
cocxldeba, moZraobasa da metyvelebas
iwyebs leqsSi mocemuli sulieri sura-
Tis, mxatvruli saxeebis meSveobiT.
mjera, rom am leqsebis adresateb-
idan avtorisTvis yvela met-naklebad
erTianad Zvirfasia: cocxlebica da
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 55
gardacvlilebic, Tavisi mSoblebic,
RviZli Zmac da axlobel-megobrebic.
CemTvis, rogorc erT-erTi mkiTxvelis-
Tvis, sasiamovno aRmoCnda am adamianebs
Soris Cemi megobrebis xilva _ jemal
pertaiasi, daviT Soniasi, gansakuTrebiT
ki _ Cvengan udrood wasuli guladi
ZiZigurisa, romelic yovelmxriv samaga-
l iTo adamiani iyo Tavisi cxovrebis
wesiT, moqalaqeobrivi poziciiT, kacT-
moyvareobiT, patiosnebiT...
rogorc aRvniSneT, wignis bolo
nawili avtoris megobrebs eTmoba, rom-
lebic valerian vekuas adre gamocemul
wignebze weren. aq guladi ZiZigurTan
da sxva avtorebTan erTad kidev erT
udrood gardacvlil megobars vxvde-
biT _ Tamaz axalaias, romelzedac igive
SeiZleba vTqvaT, rac guladis Sesaxeb
zemoT vTqviT. es mamuliSvilebi, maTi
poezia da Rvawli jerovnad araa da-
fasebuli da madloba imitomac eTqmis
avtors, rom maT saTanadod moefera da
Cvenc maTTan urTierTobis SesaniSnavi
wlebi xelaxla gagvicocxla.
axla ki minda mogawodoT mcire amo-
naridebi megobrebis aRniSnuli weril-
ebidan valerian vekuas adre gamocem uli
wignebis Sesaxeb; es striqonebi naTlad
gviCveneben ara marto valeris, aramed
TviT misi megobari avtorebis maRal
zneobasa da sulierebas.
Tamaz axalaia: `uzneobaze agebul
politikur principebs arc saxelmwif-
oSi da arc ojaxSi gaumarjvniaT... sico-
cxle rom grZeldeba, keTili znis gama-
rajvebaa borotze... amisTvis ki saWiroa
rwmena; rogorc avtori ambobs ̀ gamar jve-
bamde unda gwamdes gamarjvebisa~. ada-
mianma mudam sikeTe unda Tesos, radgan
`sikeTes da siaves sikvdilamde sibere
mogTxovs~. avtori Tavisi sente nciiT
gamxnevebs da lakoniurad gadmog cems:
`omSi marcxi eris damar cxebas ar niS-
navs~.
daviT Sonia: `oTxive krebulis misa-
marTiT vityvi, rom avtors SemuSavebuli
aqvs Tavisi, sakuTari TvalTaxedva Ti To-
euli saWirboroto sakiTxisadmi. batoni
valerian vekua ar Ralatobs aRebul
stils. yovelTvis cdilobs, axlos
iyos ufalTan, mamulTan, enasTan, marTl-
madideblur religiasTan, ded-mamasTan,
romelic SvilisTvis maradi uli sasoe-
baa: `deda sanTelia, Cumad iwvis da gzas
ginaTebs (`devnili kolxis fiqrebi~) _
wers kolxi valerian vekua~.
guladi ZiZiguri: `... brZolis aTasna-
iri saSualeba arsebobs da valerian
vekuamac Tavisi sicocxlis SuadRes pro-
testis niSnad Tu mozRvavebuli azrebis
dasaokeblad kalams mousinja piri da
Tu ramdenad emorCileba es kalami mis
azrovnebas, tvinsa da gons, amis gansja
mkiTxvelis prerogativaa. misi leqsebis
pirveli krebuli ukve miiRo sazogadoe-
bam da arc ise cudad. es ki rigiT meorea,
romelSic Tval naTlivadaa warmoCenili
dRevandeli Cveni yofis saWirboroto
sakiTxebi...~
konstantine vekua: `cxovrebiseulma
gamocdilebam da ganvlili gzis gaaz-
rebam mas kredod dausaxa is, rom zerele
da uSinaarsos Seqmna drois parvaa ufro,
vidre WeSmaritebisken swrafva da namd-
vil Semoqmedad Camoqnis gzasav ali...
valerian vekuas leqsebi iseve, rogorc
fiqrebi, warmoadgenen misi sulis ma-
tianis sarkes, romelSic Tval Sisacemia
yofiTa da maradiul problematikaTa
wrebrunviT gamowveuli pirovnuli tra-
g izmi~.
`gzasavalamde~ avtorma gamosca sen-
tenciebis krebuli `devnili kolxis
fiqrebi~, leqsebis krebulebi: `hoi, nana~,
`sevdis taZari~, ̀ Svidi sayviri~, ̀ nanina~.
56 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
poets axali SemoqmedebiTi gegmebi aqvs
da amasTan dakavSirebiT igi ase wers:
`Tu Cemi mokrZalebuli poeziidan
mkiTxvelma ramdenime leqsi mainc gaiT-
avisa, Seisisxlxorca da Tundac erTma
leqsma maTi gulebisken gza ipova, maSin
bednier kacad vigulebdi Tavs, rameTu
am wuTisoflad fuWad ar mivlia da es
RvTis wyalobaa uTuod~.
me studentobidan vicnob valerian
vekuas; ukve ymawvilobaSive etyoboda
mas, rom namdvili mamuliSvili dadgeb-
oda; misi cxovreba swored aseTi mamu-
liS vilobiT aris damSvenebuli da
erTi leqsic ki romc ar daewera, mainc
ar daakldeboda RvTis wyaloba da ada-
mianTa siyvaruli Tavisi umwikvloobisa
da didbunebovnebis wyalobiT. rac Se-
exeba leqsebs, misma Semoqmedebam axali
Suqi Semata mis isedac naTel fiqrebs,
Cvenc guls vuxsniT mis nafiqr-naazrevs
da esaa pasuxi im siyvarulis winaSe,
romelsac igi Tavis mkiTxvels uxvad
urigebs.
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 57
vinc anton arnanias icnobda, yvela
dameTanxmeba, rom es didi sulierebis
mqone adamiani mravalmxrivi Semoqmedi
iyo da yvela sferoSi misi Rvawli
uzado niWiTa da uangarobiT aris gare-
mosili. garda imisa, rom batoni antoni
iyo SesaniSnavi poeti, prozai kosi da
Jurnalisti, igi aseve Semoqmed ebiTad
udgeboda Tavis socialur profesias
_ pedagogobas, nebismier sazogadoebriv
Sromas mSobliur dar Celsa Tu mis ga-
reT, meore msoflio omSi brZolis, ty-
veobisa da partiza nobis CaTvliT.
adamianis Sinagani kultura pirvel
rigSi izomeba misi damokidebulebiT
im movaleobis mimarT, romelic sazoga-
doebis nebismier wevrs gaaCnia sazogad-
oebis winaSe, magram TiToeul Cvengans
met-naklebad aqvs Segnebuli es movale-
obani. rac Seexeba baton antons, es is
adamiania, romelmac sakuTari oflica
da sisxlic wveT-wveTad agrova da sa-
sikeTo saqmeebad aqcia Tavisi xangrZ-
livi wuTisoflis manZilze. amitomac
gveguleba igi im Rirseul pirovnebaTa
Soris, romlebic TavianTi cxovrebiT
sazogadoebis ganviTarebis avangardSi
dganan da adamianTa Segnebasa da moma-
valze progresulad zemoqmedeben.
`icxovre ise, rom dawero~, _ ase Searqva
Tavis avtobiografiul romans didma mw-
eralma da markesis es Segoneba zedgamoW-
rilia anton arnaniasaTvis. mimixvdebiT,
rom axla antonis mier Tavis cxovrebaze
Seqmnili mSvenieri wigni unda vaxseno,
romelsac avtorma `erTi sicocxle~
daarqva. masSi am niWierma da marTalma
adamianma mravali sicocxle siyvaruliT
daxata da mkiTxvelisTvisac axlobeli
gaxada.
`erTi sicoxle~ saTavgadasavlo ro-
mania, ase Searqva mas TviTon avtorma da,
marTlac, anton arnanias cxovrebis gza
TavgadasavlebiTa da xifaTiT iyo savse.
mamiT adre daoblebulma da gaWirvebaSi
gazrdilma antonma yvela gansacdeli
Rirseulad, spetakad gamoiara, anu manac
icxovra ise, rom SeeZlo amis Sesaxeb
daewera da momavali TaobebisTvis dae-
tovebina es mSvenieri wigni.
asi wlis Semdegac
xsovna
anton arnania
_ 100
jemal Sonia
58 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
anton arnanias Tavisi romani oTx
nawilad hqonda Cafiqrebuli; pirveli
nawili 2004 wels gamoica, meore _ 2005
wels, mesame nawili 2008 wels gamovida.
am dros anton arnania erTi wlis gar-
dacvlili iyo. sicocxlis bolo wlebSi
misi mTavari safiqrali meoTxe nawilis
dasruleba gaxldaT, raSic ulmobelma
sikvdilma SeuSala xeli. samive gamo-
suli wignis redaqtor-gamomcemeli, ra
Tqma unda, murman zaqaraia aris, radganac
baton antons ganuyreli megobroba aka-
vSirebda masTan da mis gamomcemloba
`zanSi~ wignebTan erTad gazeT ̀ darCel-
sac~ gamoscemda; TviTon ki TbilisSi,
taSkentis quCis 25-Si, qalbaton luara
(dodo) gamyre liZis binaSi, yovelTvis
iyo gamomcem lobis TanamSromelTa sa-
surveli stuma ri. aqve ar SemiZlia ar
vTqva, rom samive wignis redaqtori me var,
rac, udavod, Zalian meamayeba.
romanis pirveli wignis SesavalSi
batoni antoni wers: `wignSi araferia
mogonili. moqmedi gmirebi realuri
adamianebi arian, romlebTanac erTad
mivlia cxovrebis did gzaze...~ ra Tqma
unda, es simarTlea, magram unda aRvni-
SnoT, rom TviT avtors samive wignSi
anton arnaniad ki ara, gvaZa bagaTeliad
vecnobiT. es Taviseburi licencia imiT
aixsneba, rom amiT batonma antonma xazi
gausva dedis _ pela bagaTelias usaz-
Rvro siyvaruls, dedisa, romelic adre
daqvrivda da didi gaWirvebis miuxe-
davad RvTisnierad gazarda da cxovr-
ebis swor gzaze daayena Tavisi erTad-
erTi Svili. wignSi Tavidanve Cans, rom
gvaZa bagaTeliad wodebuli mTxrobelis
mama nestor arnania gaxlavT, rom wig-
nis mesame nawilSi fronteli Tanameb-
rZolebi gvaZas antonsac eZaxian, magram
es sulac ar abnevs mkiTxvels, metic,
mkiTxvelic xvdeba avtoris survils da
krZalviTa da pativiscemiT ganewyoba
im amagis mimarT, rac arnaniebTan erTad
dedis mogvareebma, bagaTeliebma, gaswies
antonis aRzrdisaTvis.
ronamis pirveli gverdebis wakiTxvi-
sTanave Semogefrqveva samegrelos mSven-
ieri soflis _ darCelis surneli: siTbo,
feri da gemo iqauri miwisa da wylisa,
Txilnarisa da murynarisa, keriis ce-
cxlisa da jargvlis grili soxanisa,
cecxlze Sedgmuli Romisa Tu qoTanSi
moTuxTuxe lobiosi, engurisa da ankess
wamogebuli oragulis, kalma xis Tu
wverasi...
mTavari mainc adamianebi arian. avto-
ri siyvaruliT xatavs TiToeul maTgans,
maTs xasiaTebs, cxovrebis wess. pirvel
rigSi, es is sanaTesavo da samezobloa,
sadac fexi aidga, ena amoidga da mamu-
lis casa da miwas Sexeda anton arnaniam,
sadac Camoyalibda misi pirovneba, rw-
mena da cxovrebis wesi. am striqonebiT
ecnoba mkiTxveli kolxuri ojaxis
ekonomikurad gaWirvebul, magram mdi-
dar sulier garemos, momavali Taobis
aRzrdis SesaniSnav tradiciebs, uan gar-
od mxarSi amodgomas Wirsa da lxinSi,
ufrosi adamianebisadmi krZalvasa da
pativiscemas, did Sromismoyvareobas,
aseve did siyvaruls qveynisa da samarT-
lianobisa, mofrTxilebas naTesauri da
mezobluri kavSirebisa da a. S.
samarTlianad mimarTavs baton an-
tons misi mowafe da megobari, mwerali
giorgi siWinava: `saocrad tevadi da
masStaburia Tqveni biografiuli roma ni
`erTi sicocxle~. es aris matiane mTeli
gasuli saukunisa, romelSic piruTvne-
lad da obieqturad aris gaSuqebuli
imdroindeli cxovreba, xalxis sidux-
Wire, brZola arsebobisa Tvis da yvela
is politikuri viTareba, rac sufevda
bolSevikebis mier dapyro bil saqarT-
veloSi. romanSi imdeni folklo ruli
da eTnografiuli masa laa mimobneuli,
rom am sferoSi momu Save mkvlevrebsa
da mecnierebs udides samsaxurs gauwevs
TavianT saqmianobaSi~.
Txrobas avtori me-20 saukunis 10-
iani wlebidan iwyebs, rodesac TviTon
jer kidev ar iyo dabadebuli. SemdegSi
masTan erTad vecnobiT mis uaxloes
adamianebs, arnaniebTan da bagaTeliebTan
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 59
erTad aq arian darCeleli narmaniebi,
kalandiebi, Wanturiebi, yolandariebi,
absanZeebi, buliebi, gabedavebi, ganmuxu-
reli WafanZeebi, nabakeveli meboniebi da
ZaZuebi... maT gverdiT gamoiara antonma
pirveli msoflio omisa da cecxliTa
da maxviliT saqarTvelos gasabWoebis,
glexebisaTvis kerZo sakuT rebis CamorT-
mevisa da koleqtivizaciis wlebi. eseni
arian mSromeli, patiosani glexebi, Cveni
didebuli winaprebi, romelTa umetesobam
wera-kiTxva ar icoda, magram uwignurebi
mainc ar erqvaT, radgan efuTis, kolxuri
mrwamsis wignis, droidan gadmocemul
tradiciebs Rirseulad inaxavdnen da
am tradic iebiT naTldebodnen. yvela
maTgans cxovrebis akademia hqonda
damTavreb uli da dResac, rodesac, isini
ki ara, TviT maTi aRzrdili anton ar-
naniac cocxali ar aris, maTi ukvdavi
sulebi Tavs dastrialeben TavianT nao-
flar samosaxloebs.
anton arnanias wignis meSveobiT dRe-
sac dganan pelasa da gvaZas gverdiT
qristina, qiba, besa, bebTu, mamia, Zakvala,
Caquari, Cagu, kali, vadi, doroTia, Zava,
jaka, boZRo, besia, kintiria, ila, uni, elisa,
lau, xoToro, fucu, Cefia, mitro, duru,
gvaja, nazia, fedovani, qesqia, gogola,
varadebuli... igrZeniT albaT, dausru-
leb lad minda am kolorituli meg ruli
saxelebis CamoTvla, maTi mof ereba! es
saxelebi warmarTUli droidan modian
da Cvenamde moaqvT Soreul winaparTa
sunTqva...
romanis samive wigni calkeuli nove-
lebisgan Sedgeba, romlebic sxvadasxva
xasiaTis movlenebs exeba da avtoris
xsovnaSi samudamod darCenila. am nove-
laTagan uklebliv yvela nawar moebis
mTlian kompozicias kravs da Txrobis
dinamikurobas aZlierebs. unda aRvni-
SnoT, rom `erTi sicocxle~ mxatvrul-
dokumenturi romania; dokumenturi,
nam dvili ambebis mxatvruli xerxebiT
gadmocema, ase vTqvaT, gamoxatva ki gan-
sakuTrebul niWs moiTxovs da yvelas
ar xelewifeba.
darCelis garemodan, glexuri yofi-
dan, rogorc gorglidan Zafis wveri,
ise gamoemarTeba mkiTxvelis Tvalwin
anton arnanias cxovrebis gza. am Zafma
TandaTanobiT simkvrive da simtkice
unda SeiZinos, aTasi qartexili unda
gamoiaros gauwyvetlad, sanam 92 wlis
TiTqos jer kidev mxne moxuci, saxlSi
axalSemosuli, mSobliuri odis meore
sarTulze savarZelSi Camjdari, amqvey-
niur cxovrebas samudamod ar gamoeT-
xoveba...
engurSi gadagdebuli ankesiT zRap-
ruli oqros Tevzi ar dauWeria antons,
magram aqedan isxamda frTebs misi
survi lebi da ocnebebi. jer iyo swavla
dar Celis dawyebiT skolaSi, mere zug-
didis saSualo skolaSi, romel drosac
daiwyo damoukidebeli cxovreba, Tumca
deda, mxarze tomaramogdebuli, mSier-
mwyurvalad ar tovebda Tavis erTas,
kolmeurneobaSi mZime Sromasac aswreb da,
ra Tqma unda, ojaxur saqmeebsac, da Svi-
lisken moeSureboda, mdgmurad dam dgars
rom araferi mohkleboda... Tumca dedas
yovelTvis sad SeeZlo Tavze dasdgo-
moda Svils, saamisod arc Zala hqonda
da arc saSualeba, ase rom, gasuli sau-
kunis 30-iani wlebis saerTo gaWir vebam
SimSilica da sicivec sakmaod Seax vedra
anton arnanias; amis dasturad marto
erTi Tavis wakiTxvac kmara pirve li
wignidan, romelsac `Tbili puri~ hqvia.
anton arnanias, damamTavrebeli klas-
is moswavles, ukve gamoqveynebuli aqvs
pirveli leqsebi zugdidis raionul
gazeTSi da, rogorc TviTon wers, mxatv-
ruli literaturiT aris mojadoebu li,
qarTul mwerlobasTan erTad ewa feba
servantess, stendals, dikenss, jek lon-
dons, bokaCios...
skolis damTavrebis Semdeg iyo maswa-
vl ebloba mSobliur sofelSi, urTi-
erToba zugdidis SemoqmedebiT adami-
anebTan, romelTa Soris iyvnen meore
msoflio oms Sewiruli axalgazrdebi
arCil zarqua da lado ugulava, mere _
Tbilisi, megobroba ioseb noneSvilTan,
60 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
Sexvedra ̀ Celas~ avtorTan, mTavrobisgan
Serisxul pavle akobiasTan, romelic
Turme avlabarSi, kldeSi gamoWril gvi-
rabsa Tu gamoqvabulSi cxovrobda.
Tbilisis universitetis filol ogiis
dauswrebel ganyofilebaze anton arna-
nia meore wels wvalebiT Cairicxa, ̀ wva-
leba~ ki maTematikas exeboda, rome lic im
dros filologebsac unda CaebarebinaT.
aq ar SeiZleba ar gavix senoT zugdidis
saSualo skolis direq toris sityvebi,
skolis damTavrebisas antonis misamar-
TiT Tqmuli: `Seni gamos vla presaSi
Cvenc gvixaria, skolas esaxeleba, magram
maTematikaSi Seni codna joRejians iqiT
ver gagyveba~. maTematikas Tavi davaneboT
da antonis codna-ganaTleba, misi kai-
kacoba sul male joRejiansac gascda,
darCelsac da zugdidis raionsac.
umaRlesSi CaricxvaSi antons im dros
arsebuli umaRlesi skolebis sammarT-
velos ufrosma daviT lorTqi faniZem
uSvela, misma rekomendaciam codnis
taZris karebi gauRo da cxov rebis axal
gzazedac gaiyvana.
antoni sainteresod aRwers swavlis
paralelurad Tbilisur gazeT `muSis~
redaqciaSi koreqtorad muSaobas, maswav-
leblobis periods gudauTis raionis
sofel anuxvasa da gulrifSis raionis
sofel zemo fSafSi.
saocaria batoni antonis mexsiereba!
igi iseT adamianebsac ixsenebs, romlebic
erTi-ori epizodiT Tuiyvnen dakavSir-
ebulni mis cxovrebasTan, metic, cocx lad,
xatovnad aRwers maTs xasiaTebs, saxeebs.
asea gadmocemuli omamdeli Tbilisis
kolorituli suraTebi, rome lTac Sem-
deg anuxvisa da zemo fSafis sruliad
gansxvavebuli garemos aRwera mosdevs.
am garemoSi, rogorc wignis sxva adgile-
bSi, sakmao adgili ukavia adami anTa Tbil,
guliTad damokidebulebas, Tanadgomas,
magram mas idealurs mainc ver vuwodebT,
radgan striqonebs Soris 30-iani wlebis
meore naxevris repres iebis sisxliani
brWyalebis simware, anuxveli berZnebis
ayra da gasaxleba, maTi tragikuli bedi,
usamarTlod gadasa xlebuli da dax-
vretili adamian ebis xvedri qvecnobi-
erad aSfoTebs mkiT xvels.
cxovrebis mZime oromtrialSi sulis
moTqmasaviT evlineba mwerals soxumeli
gogona nuca _ lamazic, vnebis aRmZvre-
lic, umankoc da gulubryviloc. avtori
nucas dedis saxlSi mowyobil sastum-
roSi Cerdeba, rodesac darCelidan wamo-
suli anuxvis, mere zemo fSafis skolaSi
unda wavides, aseve _ ukan wamosvlis dro-
sac. Cven vxedavT, rogor nel-nela ikavebs
es moswavle gogona sasiyvarulo adgils
axalgazrda maswav leblis gulSi, magram
am urTie rTobas momavali 1941 wlis 22
ivnisma mouspo.
romanis gmiri gvaZa bagaTelia, igive
anton arnania, Tumca jarSi gawvevisa-
gan dajavSnuli iyo, rogorc dediserTa,
magram igi pirvelive dRes wers gancxa-
debas da omSi midis...
aqedan iwyeba anton arnanias _ Cven-
Sic da Cexoslovakiasa da poloneTSic
kargad cnobili partizanis anton Cexis
_ xifaTiani da uamravi TavgadasavliT
aRsavse gza. am gzis aRweras romanis
meore wignis didi nawili da mesame wigni
mTlianad eZRvneba.
am werilSi romanis mxatvrul Rirse-
baze ufro minda vilaparako, magram,
radganac nawarmoebi biografi uli xa-
siaTisaa, verc cxovrebiseuli ambebis
gadmocemas avuvliT gverds. frontze
wasulma anton arnaniam bevri ram naxa
da ganicada, mis jariskacul xvedrs
araferi dahklebia; brZolebi, tyved
Cavardna, sakoncentracio banakebi, iat-
akqveSeTi, tyveobidan gaqceva da parti-
zanoba CexeTis miwaze.
yvelgan da yovelTvis avtoris mTa-
vari yuradRebis sagani adamiania. movle-
nebi, problemebi, romanis eqspo ziciuri
xazi gadmocemuli da ganvi Tar ebulia an-
ton arnanias gverdiT myo fi adamianebis
bed-iRblis gadmocemiT. maTTan erTad
gamoiara romanis mTavarma gmirma tyveo-
bisa da partizanobis mZime periodebi.
rogorc aRvniSneT, es adami anebi real-
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 61
uri pirovnebebi arian da anton arnanias
wigni marto maTi STamo mavlobisTvis
rad Rirs, miT umetes, rom zogierTi iqn-
eb ugzo-ukvlod dakargu ladac iTvleba
dRemde. bevri maTgani mSobliur keras
daubrunda da maTTan antons gamudme-
buli kavSiri hqonda; araerTxel yofila
stumrad CexeTisa da poloneTis winaaR-
mdegobis moZrao bis warmomadgenlebTan.
avtors wignSi aTeulobiT aseTi ada-
miani hyavs moxseniebuli. luckis tyveTa
banakidan romanis gmiri gamoi vlis
petrovkis, sedlices, bela podla skas,
varSavis, poznanis, aseTive banakebs. aq mis
xvedrs iziarebdnen vladimer kakulia,
griSa alania, toCi yorSia, ioseb siWinava,
gabo kopaliani, Jora masxulia, boCo xa-
zalia, valodia kvaracxelia, raJden qoba-
lava, mamia gogia, giorgi burduli, duru
molaSxia, leonti gogo xia, gogi manja-
faraSvili, roman fofxaZe, ardalion
fircxalava, aleqsandre kvin Cia, alioSa
kvinixaZe, karlo kalmaxeliZe, grigol
tegetaSvili, isidore kanTe laZe... Cveuli
siTboTi da siyvaruliT gvacnobs avtori
polonel patriotebs vanda zarebskas,
pan dumbrovskis, poznanis topografiul
stambaSi iZulebiT momu Save oriolidan
tyved wamoyvanil zina ida nozdrinas, Cex
patriotebs franti Sek horaks, mikolai
kimliks, antonin kudras, antonin bukovs-
kis da sxvebs.
anton arnanias ar dascalda Ta-
visi romanis dasruleba. wignis meoTxe
nawilSi igi gegmavda vrceli periodis
Catevas omis damTavrebidan ocdameerTe
saukunemde; dawerili hqonda kidec
garkveuli Tavebi. am periodSi pedago-
giur moRvaweobasTan erTad unda aRv-
niS noT am didebuli kolxi brZenkacis
literaturuli da sazogadoebrivi
saqmianoba, ojaxis Seqmna da dauRalavi
SromiT mamulis welSi gamarTva, didi
stumarTmoyvareoba da avtoriteti;
gansakuTrebiT xazgasasmelia 80 wels
miRweuli, mxcovani kacis erovnuli pozi-
cia _ batoni antoni uyoymanod dadga
saqarTvelos erovnuli xelisu flebis,
prezident zviad gamsaxurdias gverdiT
da warbSeuxrelad icavda mas saqmiTa
da kalmiT avadsaxsenebeli putCistebis
xelisuflebaSi yofnis mTeli xnis gan-
mavlobaSi.
Tavis erT-erT werilSi anton arnania
aRniSnavs:
`bevr rames Seveswari: rusi mefe-
imperatoris Camogdebas, saqarTvelos
damoukideblobas, mere am damoukid-
eblobis dakargvas, menSevikebisa da
bolSevikebis Setakebas darCelSi, jumis
xidTan, koleqtivizacias, meore msoflio
oms, faSistur samxedro tyveTa banakebSi
yofnas, varSavis iatakqveSeTs, poznanidan
gaqcevas, Cex partizanebTan erTad faSis-
tebze gamarjvebas da demobilizaciiT
Sin dabrunebas, isev maswavleblad muS-
aobas... sabWoTa saxelmwifos daSlas,
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxa-
debas, ramac TiTqos gamaaxalgazrdava
pensioneri pedagogi~.
ai, es grZeli gzaa anton arnanias
erTi sicocxle, romelic arasodes ga-
fermkTaldeba im adamianebis xsovnaSi,
romlebic mis STamomavlebs, naTesavebs,
megobrebs warmoadgenen. misi naTeli
kvali ar daikargeba, radgan am kvals
midevnebuli adamiani aucileblad ezi-
areba maRal zneobasa da did adamia-
nurobas, samSoblosa da moyvasis uanga-
ro siyvaruls, simarTlesa da patios-
nebas, usazRvro Sromismoyvareobasa
da RvTisa da qveynis samsxverploze
uanga rod mitanas yovelive imisa, rasac
wuTisofeli hqvia.
amitomac asi wlis anton arnanias
Sinaarsian, Segnebul, niWierebiTa da
samar TlianobiT damSvenebul wuTiso-
fels, rogorc mis zemoT xsenebul avto-
bi ografiul romans, madlieri STamo-
mavloba asi wlis Semdegac waikiTxavs
da megzurad da misabaZad gaixdis.
62 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
`mijnis~ dRevandel nomerSi saWirod vcaniT gamogveqveynebina amona-
ridebi im werilebidan, romlebic gazeT `madlis~ 2005 wlis agvi stosa
da 2007 wlis aprilis nomrebSi daibeWda. pirveli, 2005 wlis nomeri,
eZRvneboda anton arnanias dabadebis 90 wlisTavs, meore ki batoni an-
tonis gardacvalebis meormoce dRes gamoica. Tu pirvel SemTxvevaSi
jer kidev jan-RoniT aRsavse mxcovan megobars veferebodiT, meore
SemTxvevaSi misi aryofniT gamow veuli wuxiliTa da sinanuliT aRsavse
mogonebebs vwerdiT, magram orivegan Cveni avtorebis yoveli sityva am
didebuli mamuli Svilis mimarT WeSmariti siyvarulisa da pativiscemis
grZnobiTaa gaJRenTili _ grZnobiT, romelsac JamTa svla ver aClungebs,
piriqiT, ufro Zlierdeba, rogorc anton arnanias xsovna da monatreba.
am striqonebsac imitom gTavazobT, rom maT dro ver auferulebs!
striqonebi, romlebsac dro ver auferulebs!
sicocxle Rirs!..droTa ganmavlobaSi adamianTa Rvawlsa da xsovnas maTi sikeTe da sicocxleSi
Cadenili madliani qmedebebi inaxavs. aseTi dagvamaxsovrda batoni anton arnaniac.
mudam uSurveli Semoqmedi, faqizi gemovnebis mokalme, mebrZoli, moyvasisaTvis Tav-
dadebuli, ramdeni mZime wlebisa da droebis gadamtani, magram mainc mxne, dauRalavi,
cecxlovani da uSreti energiis momcemi! mis gverdiT brZola, Sroma da cxovreba
namdvilad Rirda.
TiTqos guSin iyo, Cvengan rom wavida da guli gvatkina, Tumca imedad dagvitova
kacurad ganvlili cxovrebis mZime gza da sevda adamianuri, rom, miuxedavad damqa-
ncveli da amao garjisa am daucxromel wuTisofelSi sicocxle mainc Rirs, Rirs
batoni antonisTana adamianebis gverdiT sikeTisa da madlis qmna.
dideba am didebul saukunovan adamians!
irine taliaSvili
`madli~, agvisto, 2005 weli:
* * *
batoni anton arnania 90 wlisaa. mixa-
ria, Cemi sayvareli maswavlebeli, miuxe-
davad welTa simravlisa, axalgaz rduli
SemarTebiT rom agrZe lebs moRvaweobas
da magaliTs aZlevs yvelas, Tu rogor
unda galios adamianma kuTv nili gza-
sawieri, rogor daamarcxos sibe re da
rogori pirnaTlobiT Sexvdes mermiss.
guram absanZe
* * *
batoni antonis amqveyniurma sicoc-
xl ismierma samSvinvelma 90 weli moilia
da am asakSi Caatia is sidiade, silamaze
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 63
* * *
yvelaze faseuli, rac batonma antonma
Seqmna, swored misi cxovrebaa _ maga liTi
zneobisa, sikeTisa, erTgulebisa, simama-
cisa, siyvarulisa...
jemal Sonia
* * *
usazRvrod miyvars batoni anton
arnania, udides pativs vcem mis niWs, er-
ud icias, kalmis naTels da mis dide bul
ojaxs, romelic stumris mom lodine Ria
TvalebiT imzireba mwvane samoTxeSi Ca-
fluli darCelidan.
laSa gvasalia
* * *
batono anton, Tqven brZandebiT didi
sulis matarebeli, rac ase iSviaTia am
duxWir da gausaZlis cisqveSeTSi!
rezo (nugzar) SuraSvili
* * *
rtoebdaxunZluli zeciuri madliTa
da miwieri nayofiT _ wignebiT, SvilebiT,
SviliSvilebiT, gaficeb Zmobas, amaze
wamiT Tu giocnebia germanelTa sakon-
cen tracio banakSi sasikvdilod gamo-
mwyvdeuls?
dilar ivardava
* * *
sadac is aris _ saklaso oTaxSi,
gak veT ilze, sawer magidasTan Tu trib-
unasTan sityviT gamodis _ iq simarTlea,
siwrfele da uSualobaa, tradiciebis
erTgulebaa, samomavlo saqmeebis winas-
war ganWvretaa, didi siTboa da siyva-
ruli.
givi beraia
da siyvaruli, romelsac anton arnanias
cxovreba da Semoqmedeba hqvia. samwu-
xarod, Zalian bevrma Semoqmedma dro
usagnod mokla, wlebi hariharad galia,
xolo am didebulma adamianma RvTiT-
boZebuli niWi da SesaZlebloba bol-
omde gamoiyena da Seqmna amaRlebuli
poezia, didebuli proza da didi Sromi-
Ta da rudunebiT ametyvelebuli gazeTi
_ `darCeli~.
murman zaqaraia
* * *
gilocavT 90 wlis iubiles, gisurvebT
mzegrZelobasa da dRegrZelobas! Rmer-
Tma kidev mravali SegaZlebinoT Tqveni
qveynisa da xalxis sakeTildReod!
manguli xubua
* * *
batonma antonma mTeli cxovreba `fi-
ralis~ cxovrebiT icxovra, misi TavSe-
safari xalxi da xalxis siyvaruli iyo,
rac naTlad Cans mis poeziaSi, publicis-
tikaSi, mTlianad mis xangrZliv da nayo-
fier SemoqmedebaSi.
soso lagvilava
* * *
miwier samyaroSi Tu adamians SeuZlia
WeSmaritebis naTelSi Sesvla, batono
anton, Sen Seni wrfeli guliT dadiodi
am gzaze!
giorgi siWinava
* * *
batoni antoni gvzrdis marto Tavisi
arsebobiTac ki!.. aseTi Wirgamovlili
da mebrZoli sulierebis adamianis Cven
gverdiT yofna lxinia, sixarulia, mxneoba
da WirTaTmenaa.
irine taliaSvili
64 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
* * *
RmerTma nu qnas da saqarTvelos axla
rom mouxdes omi, antonis imedi unda
viqonioT, rogorc Tavdadebuli mebrZo-
lisa.
revaz uruSaZe
* * *
Cven, misi da misnairi kacebis wyalo-
biT gadarCenilni saqarTvelos Svilebi
kaxeTidan, mamaSviluri mokrZalebiT
veamborebiT `kolx papas~ najafar mxre-
bze da RmerTs SevTxovT misTvis iseT
simravles wlebisas, rogorica aqvs saqa-
rTvelos ukvdavebis simbolod qceul
did Wyons!
aleqsandre mezvriSvili
* * *
marTlac mravalWirgadanaxado, damaS-
vralo mamuliSvilo da poeto, Tqveni
moRvaweoba da cxovreba nimuSia kacur-
kacobisa!
zaur molaSxia
* * *
batonma antonma Tavisi cxovrebiT
daamtkica, rom is Rirseuli memkvidrea
didi qarTvelebisa, romlebmac gulze
jvari da xelSi xmali avgarozad daim-
Svenes.
valeri gabelia
* * *
me yovelTvis didi sixaruliT velo-
debi Tqvens Camosvlas samegrelodan.
maSin, rodesac Tqvens naTelmzian Ri-
mils kolxur siwmindesTan erTad im-
deni siTbo da siyvaruli Camoaqvs am
erTferovnebiT gadaRlil dedaqalaqSi,
mec vmaRldebi da mgonia, uTqvenobiT
taSkentis 25-s gaxareba daakldeboda...
luara gamyreliZe
* * *
Tqven, bevri Tqveni Tanatoli mwerli-
sagan gansxvavebiT, uyoymanod da uSiS rad
dadeqiT zviad gamsaxurdias erov nuli
ideis samsaxurSi; Cven erTad viR vwodiT
saqarTvelos damoukideb lobis aTvis, er-
Tad vebrZodiT xuntis jala Tebs, erTad
videqiT saprotesto mitin gebsa Tu sxva
aqciebze, erTad gvdevnidnen da gvapatim-
rebdnen SevardnaZis reJimis damcvelebi,
erTad vigloveT Cveni usay va rlesi pre-
zidentis zviad gamsaxur dias sikvdili
da mainc, dResac erTad vxvdebiT Tqveni
dabadebis 90-e wlisTavs.
indiko qobalia, zaur qobalia, edem kvirtia
* * *
Tqven CvenTvis cocxali mematiane
xarT, epoqis sunTqva da majiscema ix-
ateboda Tqvens TiToeul sityvaSi da
dideba Tqvens saxels, rom arasodes gi-
RalatiaT im tradiciebisadmi, romle bic
safuZvlad edo axalgazrdobis aRzrdas.
zaur kvaracxelia
* * *
gilocavT, Cveno sayvarelo adamiano,
am metad mniSvnelovan TariRs! Cven ki
sul dagelodebiT, monatrebiT Segxv-
debiT yoveli Tvis bolos, raTa Camobr-
ZandeT Tqveni mSobliuri darCelidan
da mogvamzeoT Tqveni camaRali Rimili.
kaxa qecbaia, daviT zaqaraia, Tea zaqaraia, maia gorgiaSvili, maia farulava, maia zaqaraia, roman
foniava
* * *
gisurvebT janmrTelobas, didi xnis
sicocxles da bednier, erTian saqarTve-
loSi cxovrebas!
mamuka gvaZabia
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 65
`madli~, aprili, 2007 weli:
* * *
wuTisoflis grZeli da Zneli gza
samSoblos, samarTlianobisa da sikeTis
samsaxurSi ganvlo anton arnaniam. 9
aprils 40 dRe sruldeba am SesaniSnavi
pirovnebisa da Semoqmedis garda cval-
ebidan _ swored rom 9 aprils, romelic
batoni antonisTvisac, rogorc WeSmari-
ti qarTvelisTvis, tkivilisa da amaR-
leb is, brZolisa da gamarjvebis dRe
iyo. am brZolasa da gamarjvebaSi anton
arnanias Rirseuli wvlili aqvs Setan-
ili Tavisi kalmiT Tu pedagogiuri moR-
vaweobiT, mTeli Tavisi cxovrebis wesiT.
werils xels aweren anton arnanias uaxloesi TanamebrZolebi da
megobrebi, sul 59 kaci
* * *
Cemo usayvarleso da usazRvrod
monatrebulo mamav, werilis mowera
damagvianda da axla ukve zesTa sauf-
loSi gansvenebuls gwer cremlian bar-
aTs Soreuli amerikidan. ver mova xerxe
okeanis gadmolaxva da ver SevZe li Seni
datireba, Cemo Wkviano da znemaR alo
adamiano!..
aza arnania
* * *
...Cveni mSobliuri alagi, Cveni darCe-
li darCa misi udidesi Wirisuflis _
anton arnanias gareSe, adamianisa, romel-
mac Cveni odabadis TiTqmis saukunovan
yofismier oromtrials Tavisi uwrfe-
lesi SemoqmedebiT Zegli daudga da
waruSleli kvalic daaCnia.
guram absanZe
* * *
saocrad tevadi da masStaburia Tqveni
biografiuli romani `erTi sico cxle~.
es aris matiane mTeli gasuli sauku-
nisa, sadac piruTvnelad da obie qturad
aris gaSuqebuli imdro indeli cxovreba,
xalxis siduxWire, brZola arsebobisT-
vis da yvela is politikuri viTareba, rac
sufevda bolSevikebis mier dapyrobil
saqarTveloSi. romanSi im de ni folklo-
ruli da eTnografiuli masalaa mimob-
neuli, rom am sferoSi momuSave mkvleva-
rebsa da mecnierebs udi des samsaxurs
gauwevs TavianT saqmi anobaSi.
giorgi siWinava
* * *
publicisti, Jurnalisti, prozaikosi,
meistorie, poeti, brwyinvale kalmosani
da xelovani _ aseT xeluxv moRvawed
darCa igi Cvens mexsierebaSi.
sikeTiT savse, moyvasisaTvis Tavdad-
ebul da TanamgrZnobel raindad Semor-
Ceba igi TanamedroveT.
irine taliaSvili
* * *
me mqonda bedniereba vyofiliyavi
misi wignis redaqtori. udides sulier
kmayofilebas mgvrida am daxvewili ge-
movnebis, rafinirebuli xelwerisa da
yovelmxriv mowesrigebuli Semoqmedis
gverdiT muSaoba.
jemal Sonia
* * *
naTeli dagadges, Zvirfaso adamiano,
Cveno maswavlebelo, babuav, papav da siy-
varulis despano! me ki bednieri viqnebi,
Tu Sevityob, _ skola Tqvens mSobliur
sofelSi, sadac aTeulwlobiT aswav-
lidiT qarTul enasa da literaturas,
66 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
gaxda Tqveni saxelobisa da darCelSi
romelime naTel, lamaz quCas ewoda an-
ton arnanias saxeli.
laSa gvasalia
* * *
batoni antonis mTeli cxovreba mar-
Tlac erTi mTliani, lamazi sicoc xlea
_ eris, qveynis, ojaxis siyvarulsa da
samsaxurSi patiosnad da saxelovnad
ganvlili.
edem kvirtia, zaur qobalia, indiko qobalia
* * *
Cvengan wavida da sulier saqarTve-
los SeuerTda kaci, romelsac marTlac
Zalian uyvarda sicocxle da amitom
arasdros dauxevia ukan, ar gamoqceula
brZolis velidan, vinaidan Zalian sjero-
da, rom am erT sicocxles aucil eblad
mohyveboda sxva yofa _ maradi uloba!
murman zaqaraia
* * *
batonma antonma amqveyniuri satan-
jveli sakmaod igema, magram mas sico-
cxle imdenad uyvarda, rom mTeli Tavisi
wuTisofeli swored sicocxlis zeimad
aqcia.
revaz uruSaZe
* * *
yvelas, visTanac mas saqmiani, mego-
bruli urTierToba hqonia, ojaxis
wevrad miaCnda batoni antoni da ulmo-
belma sikvdilma yvelas, maT Soris mec,
wagvarTva ojaxis wevri, uaxloesi da
sayvareli pirovneba.
manguli xubua
* * *
siyvaruli da erTguleba _ es is
fenomenebia, romelTa gareSe warmoud-
genelia batoni antonis cxovreba; igi
RvTaebrivi siyvarulisa da erTgulebis
kaci iyo.
kaxa qecbaia
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 67
revaz uruSaZis xsovnas
2015 wlis agvistoSi 86 wlis asakSi
wavida Cvengan qarTuli erov nuli Jur-
nalistikis TvalsaCino war moma dgeneli,
erovnuli moZraobis dauc xromeli moR-
vawe, gazeT ̀ TvalTais~ redaqtori revaz
mixeilis Ze uruSaZe.
revaz uruSaZe daibada 1929 wlis 25 se-
qtembers q. gorSi, samxedro mosamsa xuris
ojaxSi. mamis samsaxurTan dakav SirebiT
ojaxi male sacxovreblad gadavida
moskovSi. am periodis Sesaxeb TviTon
batoni revazi Cveuli iumoriT ase werda:
`sabavSvo baRSi iq Semiyvanes. ver Sevegue
civ da `amunia~ qalaqs. sis xlis yiJins
asaki ar scodnia. babua-bebiasTan gamis-
tumres deduleTSi. `dav munjdi~ erTi
TviT mainc, rusulad dalaparakebisa
mrcxvenoda~.
revazma 1948 wels daamTavra Tbili-
sis mozrdilTa meore saSualo skola,
radgan maSin ukve daojaxebuli iyo da
Cveulebriv skolaSi ver iswavlida.
Cairicxa Tbilisis saxelmwifo univer-
sitetis istoriis fakultetze. univer-
sitetis damTavrebis Semdeg muSaobda
saqarTvelos radioSi, cota xnis Semdeg
gadaiyvanes saqarTvelos axalSeqmnil
televiziaSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom revaz
uruSaZis iniciativiT daarsda televi-
ziis sportuli redaqcia da pirvelad
moewyo Tbilisis ezoebisa da quCebis
Sejibreba fexburTSi televiziis Tasze.
Semdeg es asparezoba mTel saqarTve l-
oSi Catarda; mere ki qarTvel teleJur-
nal istTa es Taosnoba mTeli sabWoeTis
masStabiT aitaces.
revaz uruSaZe Jurnalist marika Cxar-
ti SvilTan da sxva kolegebTan erTad
iyo folkloruli saRamoebis mowyobis
iniciatori; maT saRamoebis wamyvanebad
moiwvies v. kotetiSvili da a. WinWa-
rauli. televiziaSi Teatraluri prog-
ramebis mTavar redaqtorad muSaobis
dros SemoiRo cikli `eriskacebi~; misi
avtorobiT momzadda telespeqtaklebi
Cvens saxelovan winaprebze; revaz uru-
SaZe aris pirveli qarTuli dokumen turi
telefilmis _ ̀ daviT maxaraZis ojaxi~ _
scenaris avtori. saerTod, misi avtoro-
biT gadaRebulia 50-ze meti dokumenturi
telefilmi. revaz uruSaZe aris ̀ liter-
aturuli gazeTisa~ da Jur nal ̀ droSis~
konkursebis gamarjveb uli.
erovnul moZraobas batoni revazi
jer kidev 1956 wlis cnobili movle-
nebis dros eziara, 80-iani wlebis dasas-
rulidan ki uyoymanod dadga zviad gam-
saxurdiasa da merab kostavas gverdiT,
pirveli mravalpartiuli arCevnebis
dros iyo deputatobis kandidati ̀ mrgva-
li magida _ Tavisufali saqarTvelos~
partiuli siiT.
im daZabul periodSi revaz uruSaZe
usamarTlod daiTxoves televiziidan,
magram roca blokireba mouwyves saxelm-
wifo televizias, kvlav miiwvies uzena esi
sabWos SenobaSi ganTavsebuli telev-
iziis sainformacio mauwyeblobis mTa-
var redaqtorad.
komunistur-kriminaluri gadatria-
lebis Semdeg revaz uruSaZe ganuwyve-
tel devnasa da represiebs ganicdida,
mravaljer iyo dapatimrebuli putCis-
tebis mier.
68 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
1993 wlidan revaz uruSaZe muSaobs
gazeT `iberia-speqtrSi~, sadac igi re-
daqtorma irakli gociriZem moiwvia.
Semdeg muSaobda gazeT `samrekloSi~,
Semdeg ki aarsebs da redaqtorobs gazeT
`TvalTais~, romelsac TvalsaCino adgi-
li uWiravs erovnul gamocemebs Soris.
paralelurad batoni revazi aqtiurad
TanamSromlobda gamomcemloba `zanis~
mier gamocemul gazeTebSi: `aRdgoma~,
`erovnuli Tanxmoba~, `mafSalia~.
revanSistuli xuntis mxilebis garda,
revaz uruSaZes didi wvlili Sehqonda
adamianis uflebaTa dacvasa da damkvid-
rebaSi, misi gazeTi `TvalTai~ iyo ada-
mia nis uflebaTa dacvis saerTaSoriso
sazogadoebis koleqtiuri wevri.
revaz uruSaZe iyo ganaTlebuli pa-
trioti, gonebanaTeli adamiani. samSo-
blosa da samarTlianobisadmi Tavda deba
mas winaprebisgan mosdgamda: misi biZa,
grigol uruSaZe, qaquca Coloya Svilis
razmSi ibrZoda, amave dros saeqimo mom-
saxurebasac uwevda saqarTve los Ta-
visuflebisaTvis mebrZolebs. grigol
uruSaZe 1924 wels daxvrites bolSe-
vikebma. cota xniT represirebuli iyo
batoni revazis mamac, Semdeg ki samxedro
samsaxuridan daiTxoves.
revaz uruSaZe iyo Cveni guliTadi
megobari, sikeTiT savse pirovneba, kargi
moqarTule da saintereso mosaubre. igi
dauzareblad emsaxureboda erovnul
saqmes, iyo SesaniSnavi publicisti da
Jurnalisti, didad afasebda adamian-
ebTan urTierTobas, uyvarda da pativs
scemda yvelas, visac saqarTvelos damo-
uki deblobisa da erTianobisTvis brZo-
la uwmindes movaleobad miaCnda.
revaz uruSaZe sakuTari kalmiTac
qmnida saqarTvelos uaxloesi periodis
Jurnalistikis istorias _ im Jurnalis-
tikisa, romelic Seuryevlad emsaxureb-
oda qveynis interesebs, ambobda marTal
sityvas da piruTvnelad amxelda saqar-
Tve los arakeTilmosurneebs, princi-
pulad emijneboda CvenSi, samwuxarod,
sakmaod fexmokidebul yalb da cru,
konformistul da sulgayidul egreT
wodebul Jurnalistikas, romelTa
warmomadgenlebs sxvebze aranaklebi
wvlili miuZRviT qveynis dangrevasa da
sazogadoebis gaxleCaSi, tyuilisa da an-
tierovnuli ideologiis propagandaSi.
batoni revaz uruSaZe ki sufTa, kri-
sta luri adamiani iyo. igi samSoblos
emsaxura uangarod, wrfeli guliT da
aseTive miibara mSobliurma miwam.
Cven arasodes daviviwyebT baton re-
vazs, qveynis winaSe mis Rvawls ki, gvjera,
momavali Taobebi ufro daafas eben da
saTanado pativs miageben.
nemo burWulaZe, robert petriaSvili, irine taliaSvili, valter SurRaia, jemal Sonia, nodar jalaRonia, murman zaqaraia, dilar ivardava, luara gamyreliZe, laSa gvasalia, valeri gabelia, Teana zaqaraia, daviT zaqaraia, kaxa qecbaia, giorgi siWinava, zaur molaSxia, edem kvirtia, bela SalvaSvili, manguli xubua, zaur kvaracxelia, zaur bedia, levan Sengelaia, elene baraTaSvili, irine kukava, lia CxartiSvili, rusudan imnaZe, iona cqifuriSvili, ciuri baRaSvili, nana JiJiaSvili
mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 69
Jurnal `mijnis~ redaqcia Tanau-
grZnobs Tavisufal SemoqmedTa gaer-
Tianebis xelmZRvanels, mweral laSa
gvasalias da Cveni Jurnalis erT-erT
Semoqmeds Teana zaqaraias mamisa da
mamamTilis roman gvasalias gardacva-
lebis gamo.
uecrad wavida Cvengan didebuli mamu-
liSvili, samSoblos Tavisuflebisa
da samarTlianobis aRdgenisaTvis Tav-
dadebuli mebrZoli, Tavisi sanaTesavo-
samegobros saimedo burji, guliTadi
megobari, guluxvi maspinZeli, Cveni
mxarSi amomdgomi da Wirisa da lxinis
gamziarebeli, yovelmxriv samagaliTo
ojaxis winamZRoli, sanimuSo meuRle,
mama da babua.
erovnuli moZraobisa da kanoni e-
ri xelisuflebis samsaxurSi roman
gvasalias uangaro Sromisa da amagis
dafaseba misi megobrebisa da Tanamebr-
Zolebis sazrunavia, metic, es valdeb-
ulebaa, radgan misnairi patrioti, gulmarTali da uSiSari adamianebi iZleod-
nen samSoblos keTildReobisaTvis, kanonierebisa da winaparTa wmidaTawmida
tradiciebis dacvisaTvis Tavdadebis uzado magaliTs.
romanis pirovnebis niSandobliv daxasiaTebad unda miviRoT misi vaJiSvilis
mier micvalebulis sasTumalTan Tqmuli: `mamis saxebas, mis sulier samyaros
ver Sevafaseb amqveyniuri yofis sazomiT, radgan igi iyo literaturuli qmni-
lebebidan gadmosuli ukeTilSobilesi, qvelmoqmedebiT damSvenebuli, maRali
zneobis adamiani~.
roman gvasalia kolxur muxas hgavda, saxelganTqmul Wyons, fesvmagarsa da
tanZliers, romelsac samSoblos mze da miwa, wyali da haeri asuldgmulebda
da axarebda. dRes es muxa waiqca, magram misi Svilebi da SviliSvilebi, misi
saqmeebiTa da saxeliT amayni da welgamarTulni, Rirseulad gaagrZeleben mis
sicocxles da Taobebs gadascemen mis naTels.
Zalian mwared dagvakldeba batoni romanis gardasaxva zeciur saqarTveloSi,
magram nugeSad gvrCeba mis mier datovebuli kacuri kvali, misi rainduli sulis
naTeli da am yovlad keTilSobili pirovnebis fergaumkrTali xsovna.
Jurnal `mijnis~ redaqcia
Cveni samZimari
70 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016
teqnikuri redaqtori: luara gamyreliZe
kompiuteruli momsaxureba: Teana zaqaraia
dizaini: irakli uSveriZe
avtorebs vTxovT, mogvawodon masalebis eleqtronuli versia
aiwyo da dakabadonda Sps `gamomcemloba `mijnaSi~
� taSkentis q. #25, b.1, tel. 238–03–11
daibeWda gamomcemloba `universalis~ stambaSi
� WavWavaZis gamz. #19, tel. 222–36–09
daibeWda gamomcemloba `universalSi~
Tbilisi, 0179, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 19, : 2 22 36 09, 5(99) 17 22 30 E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]