c1 Ql Sd Hieu Qua Nl y1313 s2

7/26/2019 c1 Ql Sd Hieu Qua Nl y1313 s2

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un l v S dng hiu qu Nng lng ThS. Trn Cng B

H Bch Khoa TP.HCM

0

Bi n QUNL V SDNGNNGLNG

H BCH KHOA TP.HCM

Ging vin: ThS. Trn Cng Binh

1/2013

Chng 1: Gii thiu v qun l v s dng hiuqu nng lng

Qun l v S dng Nng lng 1

Chng 1: Gii thiu v qun l v s dng hiuqu nng lng

1. Qun l s dng hiu qu nng lng

2. Kim ton nng lng

3. Chi ph nng lng

4. Phn tch kinh t


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I. Qun l s dng hiu qu nng lng

1. Gii thiu2. Chng trnh qun l nng lng

3. C cu t chc

4. Chnh sch v nng lng

5. Kim ton nng lng

6. Hun luyn kin thc v nng lng

7. K hoch v chin lc v nng lng8. Bo co v nh gi


I. Qun l s dng hiu qu nng lng

1. Gii thiu1. Cc ngun nng lng ngy cng t 2. Ch ph nng lng ngy cng cao3. Tng hiu qu kinh t gn vi tit gim chi

tiu cho nng lng

4. Gim chi ph nng lng nh qun l tt5. Gim ch ph nng lng nh cng ngh mi6. Cn c mc tiu v chin lc qun l v s

dng nng lng hiu qu


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I. Qun l s dng hiu qunng lng

1. Gii thiu1. Bng n trn, n compact, n hunh quang,n ng 2 cp, h thng qun l chiu sng,

b tr chiu sng hp l.2. ng c chy non ti. ng c hiu sut cao.

Bin tn. _ My bin p non ti. Tit kim nc.3. H thng bn nc nng. _ H thng lnh trung

tm. _ Tr lnh theo gi thp im.Cch nhit.

4. Ngun nng lng ti to: mt tri, gi,biomassTn dng nng lng thi loi, nhxc ma, ui l hi,



_ Trung bnh ca Vit Nam l 2

_ Trung bnh ca th gi l 1


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Tc tng trng in ca Vit Nam cao hn c tc tng trng GDP!



Tc tng trng in ca Vit Nam cao hn c tc tng trng GDP!


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2. Chng trnh qun l nng lng1. Xy dng i ng qun l nng lng

2. o m, thng k, bo co, kim ton, vnh gi hiu qu s dng nng lng

3. C k hoch, chin lc v mc tiu v s

dng tit kim v hiu qu nng lng4. Hun luyn kin thc cho nhn vin.

5. Ci tin quy trnh, nng cp cng ngh nng cao hiu qu nng lng.


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3. C cu t chc



7. K hoch v chin lc v nng lng1. Da trn kt qu kim ton nng lng t d

liu o lng c thng k, v cc chi tiulin quan t b phn ti chnh-k ton, phntch tnh trng nng lng hin hnh

2. V t cc xut ca cc b phn (k thut,vn hnh, ti chnh,)

3. B phn qun l nng lng xy dng khoch v chnh sch nng lng cho n v.


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II. Kim ton nng lng

1. Gii thiu2. Dch v kim ton nng lng

3. Cc bc ca kim ton nng lng

4. Kim ton nng lng cng nghip

5. Kim ton nng lng thng mi


II. Kim ton nng lng

1. Gii thiu1. Xc nh cc chi ph dnh cho nng lng

ca doanh nghip, nh my, c th.

2. Kho st, phn tch v ch r cc ngun phtsinh tiu tn chi ph nng lng.

3. L c s cho chng trnh kim sot v titgim chi ph nng lng, nng cao hiu qukinh t.

4. ngh khng ging vi kim ton kinh t.


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II. Kim ton nng lng

2. Dch v kim ton nng lng (KTNL) KTNL c thc hin theo nhiu cch cho

tng nhm khc hng khc nhau.

Kim ton khu dn c: phn tch ha nnng lng hng thng, kim tra thit b tiuth nng lng (in, gas,), cch nhittng, trn, ng dn kh, dy dn in, my

iu ha, my nc nng, t lnh, chiu sng,bm nc,


II. Kim ton nng lng

Mt s nc c chng trnh KTNL min pht chnh ph dnh cho mt s lnh vc nhin, nc, gas; hay dnh cho trng hc,bnh vin, cc cty va v nh

Khch hng cng nghip hay thng mi c

th dch v KTNL chuyn nghip. Hay t t chc i ng KTNL ni b nng

cao hiu qu s dng nng lng bng cchp dng cc cng ngh tit kim mi nht.


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II. Kim ton nng lng

3. Cc bc ca kim ton nng lng1. Cc dng c dng KTNL

2. Chun b cho KTNL

3. An ton khi KTNL

4. Tin hnh kim ton thc t

5. Phn tch d liu

6. Lp bo co KTNL7. xut gii php


II. Kim ton nng lng

3.1. Cc dng c dng KTNL

1. My o sng (lux k)

2. My o nhit (khng tip xc)

3. Camera hng ngoi

4. Volt k, ampe kp, watt k, cos-phi k

5. My ghi nng lng

6. Dng c an ton,


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II. Kim ton nng lng

3.2. Chun b cho KTNL1. Ln k hoch c th, cam kt ca lnh o vnhn vin h tr kim ton ngoi

2. D liu (s liu, bng biu, th,) chi titnng lng s dng trong 12 thng (cng sut,chi ph, ha n,)

3. Ha n nng lng phi chi tit (gi ly tin,in 3 gi, cng sut phn khng,)

4. D liu v thit b v thng s vn hnh gm:

a im, thi tit, nhit , khng gian hotng, thi gian lm vic, danh sch v thng sthit b s dng nng lng.


II. Kim ton nng lng

3.3. An ton khi KTNL

1. m bn an ton khi KTNL.2. Trang b kin thc v cc dng c bo h an

ton cho ngi v thit b. Thc hin theoquy trnh an ton ni b ni KTNL.

3. Khng vi phm khu vc nguy him. Hn chtip lm vic vi li in sng. o lngtheo ng quy trnh. S dng bo h long (o, nn, che tai,). Bo m quy tcan ton v sinh,...


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II. Kim ton nng lng

3.4. Tin hnh kim ton thc t1. Hp trin khai cng vic, thng tin cch thctin hnh, v nu mc ch ca KTNL.

2. Phng vn trc tip hay dng bng hi3. Kho st thc t4. Thu nhn thng tin chi tit (chiu sng, HVAC,

ng c in, nc nng, ti tiu th chnh, ccngun nng lng lng ph,)

5. Nhn dng s b v c hi tit gim nng lng(ECO - Energy Conservation Opportunities)


II. Kim ton nng lng

3.5. Phn tch d liu1. D liu thu thp c nh gi, sp xp, t

chc, xem xt v tng hp li. Thu thp thmd liu cn thiu.

2. Nhn dng, xem xt v phn tch cc ECO

3. Phn tch theo hiu qu kinh t theo thi gianthu hi vn (SSP-Simple Payback Period).Thng SSP nh hn 2 nm.


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II. Kim ton nng lng

3.6. Lpbo co KTNL1. Tm tt ngn gn v cc khuyn ngh v tit

kim chi ph2. Cc thng k v thit b, thc t vn hnh, v

tiu th nng lng.3. Phn tch ch ph nng lng4. C hi tit gim chi ph nng lng

5. xut gii php ci tin hiu qu NL6. Kt lun


II. Kim ton nng lng

3.7. xut gii php1. Khng nh kim ton kinh t, KTNL xut

cc gii php ci tin cch thc s dngnng lng sao cho hiu qu hn.

2. Bo co KTNL ch ra cc c hi tim nngcho vic tit gim nng lng.

3. KTNL cn xut thm cc thit b gim stnng lng, cc dch v, gii php ci tin hthng tiu th nng lng nhm nng caohiu qu kinh t.


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III. Chi ph nng lng

1. Gii thiu2. C cu gi in

3. Kh thin nhin, du, than, hi, nc

4. Phn tch ha n nng lng hng thng

5. Cc bin php gim tin in

6. u i v gim gi

7. Th trng in cnh tranh


III. Chi ph nng lng

1. Gii thiu1. Gi thnh nng lng ngy cng tng cao.

2. Chi ph nng lng thng kh thng k mtcch chi tit.

3. V khng c tnh ton v phn tch c th

nh cc chi ph u vo khc.4. Nh qun l cn bit: nhu cu tiu th, cng

sut, PF, thu, c cu gi nng lng, cc loinng lng s dng,


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III. Chi ph nng lng

2. C cu gi in1. Ch ph cu thnh gi in: nh my, ng

truyn dn, trm bin p, h thng phn phi,o lng, qun l, vn hnh, nhin liu, livay, li nhun,

2. C quan qun l: qun l gi in, cn nhcgia khch hng tiu th, nh u t v chin

lc nng lng quc gia. Vit Nam hinnay Chnh Ph ph duyt gi in.


III. Chi ph nng lng

2. C cu gi in3. Phn loi khch hng:


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III. Chi ph nng lng

2. C cu gi in3. Phn loi khch hng v bng gi: khch

hng dn dng, thng mi hay cng nghipchu cc biu gi nng lng khch nhau.Bng gi cn thay i theo loi khch hng,cp in p, mc ly tin, tng tiu th, ginhin liu bin ng, gi cao/thp im, qu

cng sut nh, h s cng sut, thit b o


III. Chi ph nng lng


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Bng gi cho khch hng dn dng bnh thng.

III. Chi ph nng lng

Bng gi cho khch hng dn dng s dng t:_ Khng qu 500kWh/thng

_ Trong 1 nm ch c 2 ln qu 400kWh/thng.


III. Chi ph nng lng


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III. Chi ph nng lng


III. Chi ph nng lng


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III. Chi ph nng lng


III. Chi ph nng lng


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III. Chi ph nng lng


III. Chi ph nng lng


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III. Chi ph nng lng


III. Chi ph nng lng


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III. Chi ph nng lng


III. Chi ph nng lng

3. Kh thin nhin, du, than, hi, nc1. Mt s nc dng kh (gas) si m, nu

n, c biu gi n gin hn gi in

2. Nng lng cn bao gm xng, du

3. Mt s dng than lm nhin liu

4. Mt s nc c h thng ng ng dn hi,nc lnh, nc m, n tng khch hng.

5. Nc v nc thi cng c tnh v ha nnng lng


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III. Chi ph nng lng


III. Chi ph nng lng


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III. Chi ph nng lng


III. Chi ph nng lng


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III. Chi ph nng lng

4. Phn tch ha n nng lng hng thng1. Phn tch ha n nng lng l mt khu

quan trng trong qun l nng lng

2. Nn phn chia nh cc ha n cho cc loinng lng khc nhau

3. Xc nh chi ph trung bnh, cao im, thpim trong mt nm.

4. Xc nh ch ph loi no phi tr cho mikW in trong mi thng


III. Chi ph nng lng


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III. Chi ph nng lng


III. Chi ph nng lng


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III. Chi ph nng lng


4. Phn tch ha n nng lng hng thng1. Vy gi trung bnh l $0,075/kWh

=$42628/569360

2. Nu tit kim kWh th ch tit kim c$0,043/kWh (= $0,03528/kWh x 1.06-thu)

3. Cn nu tit kim c demand (kW) th stit kim c $7,02/kW. (thng 5, my lnh)

4. Thng 7 c k ngh h 1 tun nn kWh gim

5. Nhng kW ca thng 6, 7 gim, nu ti vnko i, th cn kim tra thit b o c vn !

III. Chi ph nng lng


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III. Chi ph nng lng

5. Cc bin php gim tin in1. Thay th thit b in tit kim hn, nh n

LED, ng c hiu sut cao,

2. Thm cch nhit vo tng,

3. Thm bin tn cho ng c,

4. Dng nc nng t my nn, my lnh,

5. gim kW.max th cn iu khin trnh ccti c cng sut ln chy ng thi

6. S dng cc ti c bit vo gi thp im


III. Chi ph nng lng


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III. Chi ph nng lng

6. u i v gim gi1. C mt s chnh sch u i thng qua thit

b hay chnh sch tit kim nng lng

2. Qua , gim trng hp thiu in, tr honvic xy thm nh my mi, nht l cc nhmy dng nhin liu ha thch gi thnh cao

3. Trong mt s trng hp do cc quy inh v

mi trng, vic xy thm nh my in,ng ng kh rt kh khn.


III. Chi ph nng lng

6. u i v gim gi4. u i c th l khon vay cho cc thit b

tit kim nng lng, hoc h tr khch hngthit b qun l hiu qu nng lng.

5. Quy nh gi in theo gi cao im /thp

im cng l mt cch u i gin tip.6. Cng c th gim gi trc tip trn ha n

cho khch hng nu h chuyn sang s dngthit b tit kim in hin i.


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III. Chi ph nng lng

7. Th trng in cnh tranh1. Xem ti liu tham kho, internet,


IV. Phn tch kinh t

1. Gii thiu

2. Chi ph

3. Phn tch thi gian hon vn (SPP)

4. Phn tch kinh t s dng thi gi ca tin t:Phn tch chit khu dng tin

5. Chit khu dng tin: Phn tch c bn

6. Chit khu dng tin: Phn b u

7. Phng php phn tch chi ph s dng chitkhu dng tin


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IV. Phn tch kinh t

8. o lng hiu qu chi ph s dng chit khudng tin

9. Chi ph theo chu k sng (LCC)

10.Chn LCC theo nhiu cch

11.Thu v khu hao

12.Lm pht

13.La chn nng lng theo kh nng ti chnh

14.Phn mm tnh ton theo LCC


IV. Phn tch kinh t

1. Gii thiu1. Khi c hi qun l nng lng (EMO) c

nhn dng, cn phn tch hiu qu u t.

2. Chng ny trnh by k thut phn tch hiuqu da theo thi gi ca tin t, tnh chi ph

chu k sng (LCC).3. LCC bao gm chi ph mua, v vn hnh thit

b cho n ht tui th lm vic ca thit b


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IV. Phn tch kinh t

2. Chi ph1. Chi ph bao gm: cc ch ph t ngun vn

u t.

2. Chi ph chia ra thnh 3 loi: chi ph thu thp,chi ph s dng, v chi ph x l.

3. Chi ph thu thp gm: chi ph chun b u t,chi ph mua thit b, lp t, o to, ci to,

giy php, cn phi c lng trc khibt u d n.


IV. Phn tch kinh t

2. Chi ph

4. Chi ph s dng gm: chi ph vn hnh, bodng, sa cha, lao ng, vt t thay th, vcc chi ph gin tip khc nh nng lng,cng cn phi c tnh trc.

5. Chi ph x l l chi ph cho thit b khi httui i lm vic. Nh ch ph d b, hay chph x l ph thi, chi ph ny cng cntnh ton cn nhc khi quyt nh u t.


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IV. Phn tch kinh t

2. Chi ph6. Chng ny phn tch ch yu v chi ph

nng lng, da trn kt qu kim ton nnglng v cc d liu khc. T ra giiphp thay th thit b, hay quy trnh cngngh mi tit gim chi ph nng lng.

7. Cc k thut s phn tch gm chiu sng,

iu ha nhit , ng c, ni hi v hthng hi, v cch nhit, h thng iukhin, tm cc EMO tim nng.


IV. Phn tch kinh t

2. Chi ph

8. V d thay th mt ng c:

_ Mua ng c thay th: 10.000$, tui th 20nm

_ Tit kim in: 2500$/nm

_ Chi ph bo dng: 500$/nm

_ Chi ph x l: thu 500$ khi bn ph liu.


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IV. Phn tch kinh t

2. Chi ph9. Bng chi ph

10.S chi ph:


IV. Phn tch kinh t

3. Phn tch thi gian hon vn (SPP)1. Simple Payback Period (SPP)

2. SPP = chi ph ban u / tit kim hng nm

3. Cch tnh ny n gin. Nhng cha xt n:

Thi gi tin t

Cha xt n ch ph v li nhun u t

4. SPP ch tham kho cho thi gian sng caphng n u t.


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IV. Phn tch kinh t

3. Phn tch thi gian hon vn (SPP)_ Mua ng c: 10.000$, tui th 20 nm

_ Tit kim in: 2500$/nm

_ Chi ph bo dng: 500$/nm

Tnh SPP?


IV. Phn tch kinh t

4. Phn tch kinh t s dng thi gi ca tint: Phn tch chit khu dng tin

1. Gi tr tin t thay i theo thi gian, ch yudo li sutv lm pht.

2. Chi ph cho tit kim nng lng c u t

ban u. Nhng khon li ch nh tit kimch c thu li sau . Khon tin thu cny cn tnh gim bt gi tr theo mc lisut, c gi l t l chic khu.


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IV. Phn tch kinh t


3. Tnh ton cho li sut v chic khu

Fn=P + In.

Fn: dng tin sau n nm.

P: dng tin hin ti.

In: li sut sau n nm.


IV. Phn tch kinh t


4. Li sut chic khu: cc khon li nhun tu t cn phi tr i li sut vay vn, cngi l chic khu. Mc li sut ny cn c

gi l sut li nhun ti thiu - MinimumAttractive Rate of Return (MARR).


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IV. Phn tch kinh t


5. Tnh theo li n: I = P x n x iVi

P l khon u t ban u

n l s nm

i l li sut mi nm


IV. Phn tch kinh t


6. Tnh theo li kp: tnh theo tng nm mt.


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IV. Phn tch kinh t


IV. Phn tch kinh t

5. Chit khu dng tin: Phn tch c bn1. Tnh gi tr tng lai ca tng n :

F = P(1+i)n (F/Pi,n- cho P, tnh F)


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5. Chit khu dng tin: Phn tch c bn1. Bng tnh vi li sut i=10%

IV. Phn tch kinh t


5. Chit khu dng tin: Phn tch c bn1. Tnh gi tr tng lai tng n (single sum):

IV. Phn tch kinh t


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IV. Phn tch kinh t

5. Chit khu dng tin: Phn tch c bn2. Tnh gi tr hin ti ca tng n:

P = F(1+i)-n (P/Fi,n)


IV. Phn tch kinh t

5. Chit khu dng tin: Phn tch c bn2. Tnh gi tr hin ti ca tng n:

P = F(1+i)-n (P/Fi,n- cho F, tnh P)


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IV. Phn tch kinh t

6. Chit khu dng tin: Phn b u1. Mt khi nim khc ca dng tin l chui

phn b u chi ph (hay khon tit kim) chomi chu k: A.

2. C 4 php chuyn i:

Cho P, tm A (A, Pi,n)

Cho F, tm A (F, Pi,n)

Cho A, tm P (P, Ai,n)

Cho A, tm F (F, Ai,n)


IV. Phn tch kinh t


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IV. Phn tch kinh t

6. Chit khu dng tin: Phn b uMy iu ha khng kh loi tit kim in c gicao hn loi thng 5000$ v tui th 6 nm. Tnhtin tit kim hng nm cn c vi sut li nhunti thiu MARR l 10%?


IV. Phn tch kinh t



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IV. Phn tch kinh t



IV. Phn tch kinh t

7. Phng php phn tch chi ph s dngchit khu dng tin

1. Lit k cc phng n thay th phn tch

2. c tnh cc chi ph lin quan ca mi phng n

3. Phn tch chi ph cho tng phng n

4. Phn tch tin cy cho tng phng nD liu phn tch gm:

1) c tnh dng tin (chi ph mua, s dng, x l)

2) c tnh li sut v khu hao (tham chiu MARR)

3) c lng chu k sng ca d n.


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IV. Phn tch kinh t

7. Phng php phn tch chi ph s dngchit khu dng tin Quyt nh da theo dng tin tng ng:


IV. Phn tch kinh t

8. o lng hiu qu chi ph s dng chitkhu dng tin

1. so snh cc phng n u t kh thi, cth da theo thi gian thu hi vn SPP, hoctheo cc phng php chic khu dng tin.

2. C 5 phng php chic khu dng tinthng dng gm: gi tr hin ti P, gi trtng lai F, gi tr thng nin A, t sut sinhli/u t , v t sut hon vn ni b (IRR).


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IV. Phn tch kinh t



IV. Phn tch kinh t


T sut li ch/chi ph (BCR-Benefit /Cost Ratio), haycn gi l t sut tit kim/u t (SIR-Savings/Investment Ratio), thng> MARR, hay t 1,25-1,5.


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IV. Phn tch kinh t

9. Chi ph theo chu k sng (LCC)1. Quyt nh u t khng ch da trn chi ph

ban u, m cn phi tnh n chu k sngca d n v chic khu dng tin nngcao hiu qu u t.

2. D ton u t bt buc phi phn tch hiuqu u t ca phng n kha thi da trn

LCC v chic khu dng tin.


IV. Phn tch kinh t

10. Chn LCC theo nhiu cch1. la chn gia nhiu phng n u t, c

th dnggi tr hin ti P, gi tr tng lai F,gi tr thng nin A, t sut sinh li/u t(BCR, SIR), v t sut hon vn ni b

(IRR).2. Trong P, F, Atng ng nhau. Nu

BCR, hay IRRcho kt qu khc vi P, th xut chn phng n theo P(gi tr hin ti).


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IV. Phn tch kinh t

10. Chn LCC theo nhiu cch3. u tin cc phng n c LCC thp nht.

4. Khi phn tch, chu k sng ca tng chi titc th khc nhau, khi c th chn chu ksng phn tch theo chu k sng ngnnht, di nht, bi s chung, hoc bt k.

5. MARRphi c s dng ging nhau khi

phn tch cho tt c cc phng n.


IV. Phn tch kinh t

10. Chn LCC theo nhiu cch


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IV. Phn tch kinh t

10. Chn LCC theo nhiu cch


IV. Phn tch kinh t

11. Thu v khu hao1. Khu hao:


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IV. Phn tch kinh t

11. Thu v khu hao1. Khu hao:


IV. Phn tch kinh t

11. Thu v khu hao1. Cn xem xt thu doanh thu, thu thu nhp,

t cc d n tit kim nng lng,

2. Cc chnh sch u i v thu cho khon ut tit kim nng lng


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IV. Phn tch kinh t

12. Lm pht1. Tin t ca mi quc gia s mt gi tng i

do lm pht. Sc mua ca ng Vit Nam sgim i nu lm pht tng qu cao so ving USD.

2. Ch s lm pht l ch s trung bnh ca nhiumt hng, trong c ch s lm pht ring

ca nng lng.


IV. Phn tch kinh t

12. Lm pht3. Thut ng:

i. Constant $

ii. Current $

iii. Lm pht (f)

iv. Ch s lm pht nng lng (k)

v. Li sut thc (j)

vi. Li sut th trng (i)

i = f + j + f x j


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IV. Phn tch kinh t

12. Lm pht3. Lm pht gy mt gi tin t


IV. Phn tch kinh t

12. Lm pht


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IV. Phn tch kinh t

12. Lm pht


IV. Phn tch kinh t

13. La chn nng lng theo kh nng tichnh

1. Tin c sn

2. Ngun vn u i

3. Vay, tri phiu, vn u t ngoi

4. Thu thit b

5. Hp ng dch v vn hnh ngoi


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IV. Phn tch kinh t

14. Phn mm tnh ton theo LCC1. Xem ti liu tham kho

[1] Barney L. Capehart,Wayne C. Turner, William J.

Kennedy- Guide to Energy Management, The Fairmont

Press, 2003.

[2] Wayne C. Turner, Steve Doty -Energy Management

Handbook, The Fairmont Press and Taylor & Francis

Ltd., 2006.


Ti liu tham kho:

[1] Barney L. Capehart,Wayne C. Turner, William J. Kennedy, Guide to Energy

Management, The Fairmont Press, 2003

[2] Wayne C. Turner, Steve Doty,Energy Management Handbook, The Fairmont

Press and Taylor & Francis Ltd., 2006

[3] Richard A. Panke,Energy Management Systems and Direct Digital Control,

The Fairmont Press, Inc, Marcel Dekker, Inc, 2002

[4] Gilbert A. McCoy, Todd Litman, John G. Douglass, Energy-Efficient Electric

Motor Selection Handbook, Washington State Energy Office Olympia, 1993.

[5] Gilbert A. McCoy, John G. Douglass,Energy Management for Motor Driven

Systems, Washington State University, 2000.

[6]Energy Efficiency, Schneider Electric, 2012.

[7] D n nng cao hiu qu s dng nng lng trong cc doanh nghip nh vva Vit Nam PECSME.

Ti liu tham kho


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TB

Trn Cng Binh

GV H Bch Khoa TP.HCMPhone: 0908 468 100

Email: [email protected]@yahoo.com

Website: www4.hcmut.edu.vn/~tcbinh

3. Phn b li ph ti gia cc my bin p

3. Phn b ti theo thi gian trong ngy?

Nh my c 1 MBA 1000kVA nh trn. Lmvic 7 ngy/tun. Mi ngy 8 gi lm vic1000kVA, v 16 gi ngh 10kVA, ti c PF=1.

Biu gi in: 1339-854-2421 /kWh.

Nh my ang lm vic vo 2 gi cao im v 6gi bnh thng. Nu chuyn sang sn xut vo6 gi thp im v 2 gi bnh thng. Tnh tin
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]

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