CADASTRAL STUDIES (MGU1014 / MGHU1514) · cadastral studies (mgu1014 / mghu1514) week 8-law and regulations (field) sr dr.tan liat choon 07-5530844 016-4975551 1

CADASTRAL STUDIES(MGU1014 / MGHU1514)

WEEK 8-LAW AND REGULATIONS (FIELD)

SR DR. TAN LIAT CHOON07-5530844

016-4975551

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OUTLINE

• Field Survey Practice

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FIELD SURVEY PRACTICE

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Survey Datum

For new survey to determine of the coordinates. Each cadastralsurveys should be based on good datum :

i. Cadastral Reference Mark (CRM) as follows:

(a) at least two CRM where distance not less than 30 meters withsimultaneous observations using MyRTKnet method for the first CRMand static method for second CRM; or

(b) at least two CRM that not less than 30 meters made simultaneousobservations with static methods for both CRM. Determination of firstCRM coordinates can be through post-processing using VirtualReference Station (VRS);

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Survey Datum

(c) at least two new CRM that not less than 30 meters of theobservations both made by the MyRTKnet method in oneinitialization. The same process should be repeated in thesecond initialization; or

(d) at least two CRM that not less than 75 meters of theobservations made by the real time MyRTKnet method for bothCRM in two initialization; or

(e) if two existing CRM have been used then these CRMs shall beproofed in good position with third mark by angle and distancemeasurements with either existing CRM or nearby NDCDB; or

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Survey Datum

ii. two survey marks from NDCDB that distance not less than 40meters where the original position of these marks have beenproved by direct measurement or traverse and calculation withsolar observations for azimuth or MyRTKnet observations; or

iii. two marks next to good NDCDB and proofed by the third markwith angle and distance or with traverse and is in its originalposition.

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Datum Geosentrik Malaysia (GDM2000)

GDM2000 means coordinate system datum is based on theInternational Terrestrial Reference Frame 2000. The origin ofGDM2000 coordinate system is at the centre of the earth orgeocentric and based on the latest epoch.

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Coordinate Projection System

All survey in Peninsular Malaysia must use the GeocentricCassini Coordinate System, while Federal Territory ofLabuan used RSO Geocentric System.

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Datum Conditions

The survey lines distance that will be used as a datum mustmore than 30 meters and meet the allowable displacementlimits, while the internal angle between two lines shall notexceed 10 ".

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Measurement Methods

Cadastral surveys can be implemented by using GNSSmethods, traverse, radiation, crossing and inter-clossing.

GNSS methods

i. GNSS observation method can be used in cadastralcontrol survey and land title survey.

ii. Survey using GNSS shall be made in accordance with theGNSS survey rules and procedures set by the Department ofSurvey and Mapping Malaysia.

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Measurement Methods

Traverses Method (bearing and distance)

Traverse method with observe the bearing and distance for bothcircles left and right.

i. For town area, traverse should be closed to the nearest CRM station or verified old marks for every 25 traverse stations or 1 km, which one come first.

ii. For rural area, traverse should be closed to the nearest CRMstations or verified old marks for every 25 traverse station or 2.5km, which one come first.

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Measurement MethodsRadiation

i. Data collection by this method should be limited to distanceobservation which is not more than 300 meters based on single-legonly.ii. If observation made is more than single-leg or more than 300meters, observation should be closed to the nearest CRM station orverified old marks not more than 25 stations or bearing controlshould be made by astronomical observation. Refer diagram foropen and close traverse.iii. Both circles should be used to observe bearing and distance andrecorded as two difference observation.iv. Observation by radiation can be done from Cadastral ReferenceMark station.

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Measurement Methods

Intersection

Bearing and distance observations should be made fromtwo different traverse station with a circle only.

Resection

Bearing and distance observations should be made fromthree different control points with the circle only.

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Angle and Bearing Observation

Each survey can be started either from assume bearing,prismatic compass bearing, solar observations bearing orthe old values of field survey or pre-computation plan.

Survey may also start from a minimum of two (2)Cadastral Reference Mark stations that are in goodcondition which across the survey area.

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For survey work in the following areas shall begin with atleast two (2) Cadastral Reference Mark and should be tiedto an old mark or another Cadastral Reference Mark whichacross the survey area :

i. The area does not have NDCDB;ii. The area consists of 3rd class survey or demarcationsurvey; andiii. The survey area which is not involved with the process ofre-coordination and re-population (R & R) that has beendone by DSMM.

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Bearing observations or horizontal angle of each surveyshall be made in two (2) of circles left and right with theobservations breeders left precedence.

Bearing or horizontal angle observations shall berecorded to 01 "nearest.

The difference between the circles left and right readingsshould not exceed 20". If exceed this limit, redo theobservations.

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The first vertical angle observations on each day shouldbe read in both circles and recorded to nearest 01“. Thedifference between the readings of both circles should notexceed 01'. If exceed this limit, redo the observations.

Distance used for forward bearing shall be appropriate tothe needs and capabilities of the device and can ensure theaccuracy of the bearing observations.

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Distance Observation

Distance observations as possible be made directly eitherhorizontal or vertical, but the final distance must be ahorizontal distance.

Distance observations should be read in both circles andrecorded to the nearest 0.001 meter where differencesmust not exceed 0.005 meters.

Distance observation shall use the equipment andsoftware that enable it to be recorded automatically. Anydata entry manually (key-in) is strictly prohibited.

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Differential Field Test (DFT)

i. Differential Field Test shall be conducted wheneverstarting a new job.

ii. For work that began with two (2) Cadastral ReferenceMark mutually visible, Differential Field Test shall be madeon the line connecting the two Cadastral Reference Mark.

iii. If there is a difference in distance between directobservations using Total Station compared the calculationsresults of two (2) Cadastral Reference Mark, distancecalculation results of two Mark Cadastral Reference shouldbe adopted. Difference must not exceed 0.020 meters.

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Differential Field Test (DFT)

iv. For difference exceeds the limit 0.020 meters, thefollowing actions should be taken if:

(a) Differential Field Test in the 0.010 meter limit, redo thedetermination Mark Cadastral Reference.

(b) Differential Field Test is not within limits, calibrationmust be made onto total station instrument.

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Daily Checks

i. Daily checks shall be made every day before continuingthe survey work to ensure the instrument is in goodcondition.

ii. The difference between the daily checks distances andprevious measured shall not exceed 10 millimetres.

iii. For GNSS equipment, daily checks should be made also.

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Methods To Plant New Boundary Mark

i. New boundary mark should be planted as nearly as may fromtraverse stations and should not exceed 300 meters based on thecoordinates set out in the pre computation plan or field surveyplan.

ii. Methods by GNSS can also be used to plant new boundarymarks based on the coordinates set out in the plan precomputation plan or of field survey plan.

iii. Any differences that excess of the permissible limit of area,the approval of the District Land Administrator shall be obtained.

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Methods To Plant Boundary Mark

i. Boundary marks shall be planted before or during surveycarried out using boundary marks according to the methodprescribed by the Department.

ii. Boundary marks on the surface of another must beclearly plant, permanently in the ground and the tops shallbe at a height of not more than eight (8) inches aboveground level.

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iii. On-line mark

(a) If a new boundary mark need to plant on existing lines,adequate boundary mark can be planted by coordinates set outin the pre computation plan or field survey plan or NDCDBcoordinate.

(b) Bearing and distance between the on-line boundary marks isderived from system calculations.

(c) Limits of new calculated bearing compared to the originalvalue shall not exceed 20''.

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iv. No Mark (T.T.)

If the position of the boundary is in a location that can not beplant, No Mark (TT) shall be applied as follows:

(a) Permanent reference marks should be planted to enable theboundary mark to be planted in future; and

(b) Permanent reference should be planted on the line thatforms the crossing of boundary, as near to the object.

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No Mark (TT) And Reference Mark (TR)

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v. Distance between the boundary

(a) The marks on the boundary line should be planted atintervals of not more than 300 meters away if marks visibleeach other or at intervals of not more than 200 meters ifthey are not visible.

(b) Boundaries lines shall be marked follow the curve at theend of the chord so normal distance from the curve to thechord line does not exceed 0.2 meters.

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Methods To Plant Cadastral Reference Mark (CRM)

Cadastral surveys can be done by tie to the Cadastral ReferenceMark station or old boundary mark which proof in good position.Traverses should be closed to the adjacent Cadastral ReferenceMark station or old boundary mark which proof in good positionthat not more than 25 stations or with solar observations.

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For new development residential and commercial areas, theCadastral Reference Mark station with a maximum gridinterval of 500 meters x 500 meters or existing CadastralReference Mark station must be created for the purposesof traverse control.

i. To facilitate the survey work, Cadastral Reference Mark tobe marked prior to field survey team went to work on field.

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ii. Number of Cadastral Reference Mark shall be as stated inthe survey datum.

iii. Cadastral Reference Mark should also be marked near tothe area or lot to be measured and the marking of bothCadastral Reference Mark if possible, across the lot to besurveyed.

iv. Serial number of Cadastral Reference Mark is generatedby systems and based on the survey file number.

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v. Other features to be considered when determining thelocation of CRM are:

(a) Cut off angle around the Cadastral Reference Mark mustbe at least 15°;

(b) The causes that affect interference to the reception ofsatellite waves as electrical substations, radio stations,radar stations and telecommunication stations should beavoided;

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(c) Location Cadastral Reference Mark shall far away (notless than 50 meters) from material which may causereflections satellite waves such as tall buildings, walls, roofand an iron;

(d) Cadastral Reference Mark must be made in a place thatis as safe as possible; and

(e) Soil Surface around the Cadastral Reference Mark shouldbe stable.

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Suitable Position For CRM

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Type Of Boundary Mark

Boundary marks that are permitted:

(a) concrete stone, concrete pillar, granite stone and ironpipes according to the size required by the DSMM;

(b) iron nails and spikes in concrete;

(c) mark on rock that is marks with a arrow pointing towardthe hole; and

(d) any other signs permitted by the DSMM from time totime.

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Concrete Stone

• Reinforced concrete stone that is no less 600 millimetres(mm) with a diameter of not less than 75 mm having apuncture mark for the station point. For concrete stoneplanted by DSMM, an introduction written "JUP" printedon the top surface. While for the concrete stone withnumbered, serial number was printed replacing thewords "JUP". Size number according to specification byDSMM.

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Concrete Stone

• For concrete stone planted by Licensed Land Surveyor,the top surface has no such recognition, while concretestone with numbered to be purchased from DSMM. IfLicensed Land Surveyor plans to print their own concretestone with number, serial number must first be applyfrom the DSMM. Price for each concrete stone withnumbered is RM 5.00.

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Concrete Pillars

• Reinforced concrete Pillar with length 1200 mm to 1800mm diameter cylindrical with not less than 70 mm andhas a punch to mark the station point.

Granite Stone

• Granite stone is square in shape with a size of 80 mmwide, 120 mm long and 600 mm high with a punch tomark the station point.

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Iron Pipes

• Iron pipe no less 900 mm in length with a diameter of 25 mmto 50 mm and preferably coated or plated with metal tar thatresists rust and holes on the top of the pipe must be closedpreferably with concrete with mark to the station point.

Nail

• Nails not less than 55 mm in length with a diameter of 8 mm.Nail heads shall be 15 mm in diameter and has a diameter of46 mm and mark to the station point.

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Iron Spikes

• Iron spike not less than 100 mm in length with adiameter of 12 mm. Head spikes shall have a diameter of25 mm and mark to the station point.

Mark on Rock

• Marked on the surface of rock by piercing holes as amark of the station point and one indicator arrowspointing to the hole.

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Abbreviations and symbols used for boundary marks shallbe as prescribed by the DSMM.

i. Planting of the boundary mark should be using types ofboundary mark that permitted.

ii. Cadastral Reference Mark can be iron pipes with concreteor spikes with concrete. Existing boundary marks can alsobe used for these purpose. However, the number ofcadastral survey control marks must be printed on anymarks used.

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Distance Between Boundary Mark

Boundary marks on boundary line should be planted atintervals of not more than 300 meters if these boundarymarks are visible or at intervals not to exceed 200 meters ifthey are not visible.

Boundary lines that follow the curvature shall be markedat the end of the chord so normal distance from the curveto the chord line does not exceed 0.2 meters.

The minimum distance between the boundary marks is0.1 meters.

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Area

Lot area shall be generated from NDCDB to the nearest0.1 square meters.

If the area shown in hectares:

(i) an area not exceeding 1 hectare to the nearest 0.0001hectares;(ii) an area exceeding 1 hectare and not more than 10hectare to 0,001 hectare nearest; and(iii) an area of over 10 hectares to the nearest 0.01 hectare.

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Area Lots that are not designated in hectares shall be appointed insquare meters and rounded to the nearest square meter. Forsubdivision lot where the area is less than 1 square meter, to thenearest 0.1 square meters.

Area should be shown in hectares for:

(i) Lot-lot agriculture; and(ii) Lot-lot residential or building, commercial or industrial and lotsin village and town that more than 2 hectares.

Area should be shown in a square meter for residential lots orbuildings, commercial or industrial and lots in village and town thatless than 2 hectares.

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Area

Area for strata titles:

(i) The floor area of any parcel and accessory parcel shall bedetermined and shown to the nearest square meter; and

(ii) The area of the land parcel shall be determined andshown to the nearest square meter.

Volume for stratum lot shall be calculated to 0.1 cubicmeters and shown to the nearest cubic meter.

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Dirrefences Of Area Allowed

Survey Officer or Licensed Land Surveyor shall inform theDirector of Survey and Mapping, any difference betweenthe surveyed area with an area exceeding the approvedlimit. If there are significant differences between the size,the Director of Survey and Mapping or Licensed LandSurveyor shall refer the matter to the State Authoritythrough the Land Administrator.

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Limit of area of the measured compared to the approvedby the State Authority (PBN) is as follows:

i. not exceed 5% of the area under 40 hectares;

ii. not more than 2 hectares of area between 40 hectaresand 200 hectares; and

iii. not exceeding 1% of area for over 200 hectares.

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The procedure described above shall not apply in caseswhere the lot is surveyed bounded by the old boundarymarks.

Differences that exceed the limits specified above shallbe referred to the State Authority through the LandAdministrator by the State Director of Survey and Mappingor Licensed Land Surveyor, where applicable.

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Re-Survey

No re-survey needed if the survey follow the olddepartment regulations predecessor and old boundarymarks have been confirmed in a good position by theSettlement Officer.

In the case of subdivision, partition, surrender oracquisition, re-survey shall be concentrated on theboundaries involved while the other boundary lines are forthe purpose of datum only.

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Re-Survey

Unless requested otherwise, then the survey of portionof the lot affected by the acquisition under the LandAcquisition Act, 1960, was limited to only the remaining lot.

In the case of the re-survey of natural boundary, theboundary may be surveyed by a straight line as nearly aspossible to its natural when:(i) the river or the sea move into the lot until crossing to theexisting traverse line; and(ii) the river or the sea move into the lot and effect the lotbecome two or more.

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Re-Survey

In the case of re-survey of the natural boundary where theriver or sea retreated out of the lot, the boundaries shall besurveyed according to the previously traverse lines used forthe purpose of establishing of the natural boundaries.Where there is any walls or other building that was built,re-survey can be done by include the relevant building areaas long as area not more than area mentioned indocuments of title.

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Re-Survey

Except in the case of re-survey of natural boundary, if thesurveyed value is within the permissible limits compared tothe original existing area, the existing is admissible prior toimposing annotations follow the rules set by theDepartment.

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Comparison Of New Coordinates Value With Coordinates NDCDB

Comparison of the new coordinates and NDCDB be madebased on the NDCDB value to ensure the existing boundarymarks not out of position and was in the original position.

Limit of the displacement vector of boundary mark is 0.050meters permitted for urban / town and new development whileother areas limit of the displacement vector is 0.10 meters.

If the difference between the new coordinates and NDCDBexceeding permitted limits, then re-survey of the old boundarymarks shall be made.

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Limit Of Coordinates Displacement

Limit of the displacement vector of boundary mark is 0.050meters permitted for urban / town and new development whileother areas limit of the displacement vector is 0.10 meters.

Displacement limit of three (3) old marks for the purpose ofrefixation or replacement should be half (1/2) of the maximumdisplacement vector of boundary marks are allowed. Adjustmentresults must pass the Chi Square statistic test .

Coordinates obtained from NDCDB to be used in thepreparation of pre-computation plan, field survey, Certified Planand other related cadastral surveys.

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Replacement Of Old Boundary Mark

Existing NDCDB coordinates value are used if the boundarymarks move do not exceeds the prescribed limit

Old boundary marks found move from its original position(above the permitted limit) shall be re-plant. If found to bemissing, it shall be replaced by the new boundaries.

By using bearing and distance, offset observations to replacethe old boundary marks shall be conducted as near as possiblefrom the position of the traverse stations and not exceed adistance of 300 meters based on the original coordinates(NDCDB).

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Replacement Of Old Boundary Mark

GNSS Methods can also be used to replace the oldboundary marks based on the coordinates set in the pre-computation plan or field survey plan.

Any differences limits that are within the permittedtolerances, then the original coordinates (NDCDB) shouldbe used.

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Exemption Of Replacement Of Old Boundary Mark

For areas where the former survey belong to third class (3)and below, the position of the boundary mark is accepted as inthe original position, unless there is a significant differencecompared to the previous survey value.

For areas where the former survey was demarcation survey,boundaries can be accepted as in the original position based onthe following criteria:i. for an un covertures area, boundary marks found in goodcondition considered in correct position; whileii. for covertures area, boundary mark of which is found to be ingood condition considered in correct position.

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Observation Records

Observations, additional information and references made in thefield shall be recorded in a digital format directly from the measuringequipment.

Observation records shall show:i. name of Survey Officer or Licensed Land Surveyor;ii. data in the required format;iii. calibration of measuring instruments information downloaded fromthe systems in accordance with the observations calibration sitelocation; andiv. other information required by the Department.

For the work carried out by the Licensed Land Surveyors, observeddata should be signed digitally before sent online to the department.

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Observation Records FormatObservations records format for survey using total stationinstrument is in the form of ASCII files containing files as follows:

- field book (*.fbk)- corrections (*.cor)- solar observation (*.sob)- bearing close statement (*.bcs)- area comparison (*.acs)- deduced field data (*.ncp)- traverses (*.tps)- fahrasat (*.fah)

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- coordinates information (*.coo)- EDM test (*.edm)- topography (*.tpo)- job details (*.job)- lot details (*.lot)- bearing, distance & coordinates(*.bdy)-old value (*.po)-- base line (*.bln)

Observation Records Format

Observations record format for full survey using GNSSequipment is in the form of GNSS file as follows:

- Cadastral Reference Mark (*.crm)- CRM Point (*.pot)- checkroll (*.crd)- diari (*.dry)- fahrasat (*.fah)- gnss test (*.gnss)- topography (*.tpo)- RINEX (*.0xo)

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- V-RINEX (*.0xo)- raw (*.T01 & *.dat)- real time data (*.jxl)- RTGA result (*.html)- post-processing result (*.dc)- PVM result (*.html)- eVRSCal result (*.html)

Observation Records Format

Observations record format for combined GNSS and surveyusing traverse is in the form of ASCII files and GNSS thatcontain both forms of files.

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Explanation Of Boundary Mark, Survey Mark And Station Number

Stations number

i. Integer shall be used for numbering the stations and preferablynumbered consecutively according to the order they areobserved.ii. Station number shall be used once for each survey.

Figure

Diagrams for describing the survey should be in digital dataformat.

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Amendment Of Observations Data

Amendments to the digital data is not permitted.Correction on digital survey data if necessary shall be madeby re-survey which new observations will replace theoriginal observations.

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Submission Of Observations Data

Submission of observations data must be made on-lineand in the form of ASCII files that contain both forms offiles.

Licensed Land Surveyor shall sign ASCII file digitally.

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Adjustment Criteria

Observations bearing and horizontal distance will beused for adjustment purposes.

For minimum restraint adjustment, only two stationsCRM or two old NDCDB mark is needed, or a combinationof both.

For maximum restraint adjustment, three or moreCadastral Reference Mark or old NDCDB mark in the workarea is needed, or a combination of both.

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Adjustment Output

Output adjustment shall contain the observationsadjusted, adjusted coordinates with accuracy, statisticalanalysis and graphical error ellipse.

Coordinate adjustment shall be calculated and shown tothree decimal places.

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Data Adjustment Method

Method of data observation adjustment shall use leastsquares adjustment method to:(a) determining the accuracy and completeness of the surveydone.(b) to obtain the adjusted coordinates for forming NDCDB.

Final bearing shall be adjusted to nearest 01 ".

Final distance should be adjusted to the nearest 0.001meters.

The decision whether to accept or reject the results of fieldsurvey observations will be given to survey officer or LicensedLand Surveyor on-line.

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Determination Accuracy Of Field Survey

Through the output of the least square adjustment, fieldsurvey officer or Licensed Land Surveyor shall ensure thatthe accuracy of the field survey have been met before acadastral survey to be forwarded to the State Director ofSurvey and Mapping.

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Allowance Misclosure

i. The maximum allowance misclosure in the cadastral survey isas follows:

(a) 15 "√n where " n“ is the number of stations;

(b) for GNSS, allowance misclosure for a line is not more than 10mm or relative accuracy of not more than (a + bl) mm where a =5 mm, b = 2 ppm and L is the base line distance in kilometres;and

(c) allowance misclosure for stratum shall be not more than0.012 √K meter, where "K" is the total distance in kilometres.

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Allowance Misclosure

ii. Nothing in this Circular which prevents the Director of Surveyof discretion to accept allowance misclosure that does not meetthe above requirements with reasonable points.

iii. WeightageWhether a work can be accepted by the system also depends onthe Weightage set in the software. The weights assigned are asfollows:(a) For the bearing, Weightage set is 15 seconds;(b) For distances, Weightage set is 0.010 meters; and(c) For the CRM held fixed, Weightage fix is 0.020 meters fornorth and east component.

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Road Reserve Survey

Unless there are instructions to the contrary, the roadreserve must be measured so that the two boundary linesare parallel.

The survey for new reserve roads through governmentland shall take into account the need to incorporatereclaimed, deduction and other related building.

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Right Of Way Survey

Survey for right of way shall be exercised in the followingways:

(1) For existing routes, boundary marks just planted in anarc path as station and offset to traverse the route to betaken from these stations.

(2) For the proposed routes, boundary marks planted ineach arc of the route and the survey is only done for oneside only.

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Strata Survey

In carrying out the survey of strata titles, any rules set bythe Strata Titles Act 1985, which includes the followingitems shall be complied with:

(a) the re-survey of lot boundaries;(b) Survey to determine the location of buildings,temporary blocks and accessory parcels outside thebuilding;(c) Survey to determine the height of each floor;(d) Survey of the horizontal dimensions of the parcel, theparcel of land, an accessory parcel and common property;and(e) the survey of a similar parcel in the same floor. 76

Stratum Survey

In carrying out the survey of stratum title, regulationsprescribed by Part Five (A), the National Land Code 1965,which includes the following items shall be complied with:

(a) the survey of the site;(b) the survey of the vertical control; and(c) survey of datum transfer .

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Offset Survey

Offset survey , where necessary, shall be made to enable thedetails shown on the Certified Plan (PA) and to add theinformation in the GIS Layer Management System (GLMS), inaccordance with the following approaches:

i. for existing lines on the ground, the offset survey must betaken on the left and right of the path as long as it involves asurveyed lot;

ii. for barrier adjacent to the reference mark for no mark, theoffset survey should be just enough to prove the obstructioncauses the position had made no mark;

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Offset Survey

iii. for building or any other permanent structure inside the lot,the offset survey must be taken in the form of buildings orstructures remain concerned;

iv. offsets taken to be specified;

v. Other details remain to be taken offset includes rivers, lakes,paths or routes of transport system of electric transmission lineand towers that are close to the survey line; and

vi. offset against the 'arc' should be taken at least every 2 metersin order to form the arch.

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Offset Survey

The offset survey to the details of natural or artificial ofshould be taken with bearing and distance only and,appropriately made on one (1) circle only to the nearest 01‘.

Moss Genio Code for offset survey must follow theMalaysian Standard Geographic Information / Geomatic,MS 1759: 2004 (Feature and attribute codes).

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Survey Equipment Calibration

To ensure that the equipment used to observe the distanceand the getting the relative coordinates above the earth'ssurface is in good condition, the equipment must becalibrated at least once every 6 months for total stationinstrument or EDM and at least once a year of GNSSequipment .

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Total Station And GNSS Equipment Calibration

i. Digital data for standard length pillar (*.med *.gnss) andstandard length certificates pillar (*.pdf) shall bedownloaded on-line.

ii. Files calibration that generated digitally in the fieldshould be uploaded into the system that has beendeveloped for the purpose of data validation andsubsequent approval.

iii. For manually calibration, the observations data to beincluded in the system through the key board data entryand approval.

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Total Station And GNSS Equipment Calibration

iv. The system will issue a certificate of calibration (*.edm and*.gnss) that have been approved and then attached together withASCII files to be sent to DSMM.

v. Digital *.edm file and *.gnss issued by the system are as follows:

•JE_2009_01_01where;J - StateE – Location of EDM (G-location of GNSS)2009 - Year01 - ID Location01 – EDM certificated serries number

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T H A N K YO U

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Documents

CADASTRAL STUDIES (MGU1014 / MGHU1514) · cadastral studies (mgu1014 / mghu1514) week 8-law and regulations (field) sr dr.tan liat choon 07-5530844 016-4975551 1