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# BEH?>F@BJ D?@GSDBJ FDC >BHG D>F?HJHJ DsJ?>FBNJCDEFD D @DKGEIDKD`>D HD ?C CGHG AD@JO \?DV DC

KGCSODCDEFG HJ EGNJ CJ\?BEJ@BJV G LJFG@ CJB> HDKB>BNG SJ@J G >D? K@D>KBCDEFG LGB J C?HJEQJ HJ

S@GH?Q]G HGCk>FBKJ SJ@J J S@GH?Q]G LJX@BOV L?EKBGEJEHG G >B>FDCJ KG@SG@JFBNG KGCG ?C D>F_HBG

BEFD@CDHB_@BG/ # KG@SG@JQ]G D@J ?CJ J>>GKBJQ]G HD D>SDKBJOB>FJ> \?D F@JE>CBFBJC J >?J FkKEBKJ J

JS@DEHBPD> D F@JXJOIJNJC DC GLBKBEJ> D>SDKBJOCDEFD K@BJHJ> SJ@J G DLDBFG/ %C 5?CX?KF? DsB>FB@JC

A?BOHJ> HD FDKDORD>V DE\?JEFG DC =DEBE J> KG@SG@JQRD> LG@JC @D>F@BFJ> J ?CJ KD@FJ KJ>FJ \?D

KGEF@GOJNJ J> LJCG>J> BEHy>F@BJ> HD OJF]G D HD X@GEPD/ %C E?SDYJAG@J 'G@FD HJ 'BAk@BJZ J> BEH?>F@BJ>

HD NBH@G D HD KGOJ@D> L?EKBGEJNJ DC XJ>D> KG@SG@JFBNJ>/ "JHJ KG@SG@JQ]G FBEIJ ?C GLBKBJO D ?C

CD>F@D/ ( CD>F@D F@JFJNJ HG> KGEF@JFG>V LBEJEKBJNJ J KG@SG@JQ]G D HB>S?EIJ HG S@GH?FG/ (> >D?>

SJ@DEFD> D FJCXkC G> D>F@JEADB@G> SGHBJC DEF@J@ EJ GLBKBEJ D JS@DEHD@ J> CJB> NJ@BJHJ> FJ@DLJ>


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D>SDKBJOBPJHJ> HJ BEHy>F@BJ HG NBH@G/ 2>>G BEKDEFBNJNJ SG@ >B >T J D>SDKBJOBPJQ]G D J HBNB>]G HG

F@JXJOIG/

#> DKGEGCBJ> F@JHBKBGEJB> JL@BKJEJ> FlC >BHG KGEIDKBHJ> SG@ DKGEGCBJ> HD >?X>B>FlEKBJ/ ']G SG?KJ>

NDPD>V SD\?DEJ> KGC?EBHJHD> S@JFBKJNJC J JA@BK?OF?@JV SD>KJNJCV KJQJNJCV DFK///@D>GONBJC

B>GOJHJCDEFD G> >D?> S@TS@BG> S@GXODCJ>V CJEFDEHG @DOJQRD> CrEBCJ> KGC G @D>FG HG KGEFBEDEFD/

*D>CG J>>BCV J A@JEHD CJBG@BJ HJ> KGC?EBHJHD> JL@BKJEJ> >JFB>LJPBJ SDOG CDEG> ?CJ SJ@FD HJ> >?J>

EDKD>>BHJHD> @DKG@@DEHG`>D x F@GKJ/ 1L@BKJ k G KGEFBEDEFD HJ> BEyCD@J> @GFJ> KGCD@KBJB>/ #OA?CJ>

SD@KG@@BJC DEG@CD> HB>FpEKBJ>V KGCG SG@ DsDCSOG J> @GFJ> \?D JF@JND>>JNJC G 3JJ@J G? J> \?D

HDCJEHJNJC G KGX@D HG bJFJEAJ/ *J> G KGCk@KBG E]G D@J S@JFBKJHG EJ >?J CJBG@BJ DEF@D

KGC?EBHJHD> HB>FJEFD>V CJ> DEF@D KGC?EBHJHD> NBPBEIJ>/ %>>D KGCk@KBG D@J >DCS@D ?CJ L?EQ]G HJ

S@GH?Q]G/ #> N_@BJ> KGC?EBHJHD HB>S?EIJC HD DsKDHDEFD> HD HDFD@CBEJHG> XDE> \?D D@JC

F@GKJHG> SG@ G?F@G> XDE> \?D OID> D>KJ>>DJNJC/ #>>BC J BEHy>F@BJ HG >JO D@J D>FBC?OJHJ DC ?C >rFBGV

D G LD@@G DC G?F@G/ 'J> S@JBJ>V EJ> CJ@ADE> HG> OJAG> G? HG> @BG>V G SDBsD >DKG D@J JK?C?OJHGV

DE\?JEFG L@?FG> D KD@DJB> >D K?OFBNJNJC KGC JX?HpEKBJ EG?F@J> @DABRD>V S@GNBHDEKBJEHG`>D J>>BC J>

XJ>D> HD F@GKJ>/ ( KGCk@KBGV F]G LJKBOCDEFD BHDEFBLBK_NDO DC FGHG G KGEFBEDEFD EG SD@rGHG \?D

CDHDBJ DEF@D G> >kK?OG> J 7 k ?C rEHBKD DsKDODEFD HJ DsSJE>]G DKGE}CBKJ D HJ> G?F@J> LG@CJ> HD

HD>DENGONBCDEFG \?D >DCS@D JKGCSJEIJC G BEK@DCDEFG HG HGCrEBG HG IGCDC >GX@D G CDBG

JCXBDEFD/

6C HG> KG@GO_@BG> HJ DsSJE>]G KGCD@KBJO k J >?X>FBF?BQ]G S@GA@D>>BNJ HJ SD@C?FJ >BCSOD> HD

AlED@G> SG@ JOA?CJ> LG@CJ> HD F@GKJ CGEDF_@BJ/ # >BCSOD> SD@C?FJ D@J CDBG JHD\?JHG SJ@J ?C

@DH?PBHG NGO?CD HD XDE>/ "GEF?HGV _ CDHBHJ \?D G KGCk@KBG >D FG@EJNJ S@GA@D>>BNJCDEFD CJB>

KGCSODsGV JOA?E> XDE> KGCDQJNJC J >D@ ?FBOBPJHG> KGCG CDHBHJ HD NJOG@ HD G?F@G> XDE>/ %>>D>

SJ>>J@JC J >D@ KGE>D@NJHG> KGCG LG@CJ HD @B\?DPJ \?D >D SGHD@BJ LJKBOCDEFD F@GKJ@ SG@ G?F@G>

S@GH?FG> \?JEHG HB>>G IG?ND>>D EDKD>>BHJHD/ Y///Z

9_ NJ@BJ> G?F@J> JOFD@JQRD>V HD EJF?@DPJ >GKBGSGOrFBKJV \?D JKGCSJEIJC J DsSJE>]G HJ> LG@QJ>

S@GH?FBNJ>/ %sB>FD EJ ND@HJHD ?CJ BEFD@HDSDEHlEKBJ D>F@DBFJ DEF@D J> S@_FBKJ> JA@rKGOJ>V J BEH?>F@BJV

G KGCk@KBGV J CGDHJ D J> D>F@?F?@J> SGOrFBKJ>/ #> @DABRD> CJB> HD>DENGONBHJ> HJ 1L@BKJ LG@JC J\?DOJ>

DC \?D IG?ND KGEND@AlEKBJ HD FGHG> G> DODCDEFG> D G> HGB> BEHBKJHG@D> >GKBGSGOrFBKG> CJB>

>JOBDEFD> HG HD>DENGONBCDEFG LG@JC G BEK@DCDEFG HJ D>F@JFBLBKJQ]G D KGE>GOBHJQ]G HJ> KOJ>>D>

>GKBJB>/


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(> SGHD@D> HJ LJCrOBJ D G @D>SDBFG SDOG> CJB> NDOIG> LG@JC`>D HDFD@BG@JEHG S@GA@D>>BNJCDEFD EG

HDKG@@D@ HG> >kK?OG \?D S@DKDHD@JC J KIDAJHJ HG> D?@GSD?> EJ >?J> KJ@JNDOJ>/ #> BEGNJQRD>

FDKEGOTABKJ> D J HBNB>]G HG F@JXJOIG FG@EJNJC BEDNBF_NDB> D>>D> LJKFG>/ # BEF@GH?Q]G HG LD@@GV SG@

DsDCSOGV A@JEADG? SGHD@BG DKGE}CBKG D CBOBFJ@ x\?DOD> \?D SGHBJC S@GH?PB@ G? JH\?B@B@/

2E>F@?CDEFG> CJB> SD@LDBFG> SG>>BXBOBFJNJC CJBG@ S@GH?Q]G HD JOBCDEFG> D J?CDEFG HDCGA@_LBKGV

CJ> J S@GA@D>>]G HD>FD yOFBCG FDEHBJ J ?OF@JSJ>>J@ J> S@GNB>RD> HD XDE> CJFD@BJB> D J>

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CBEG@BJ DC >D? DsKO?>BNG XDEDLrKBG/ (> D>SDKBJOB>FJ> CJ S@GH?Q]G HG LD@@GV FDKDOJADC KD@pCBKJV

LBJQ]GV DsF@JKQ]G HG >JOV DFKM FDEHBJC J @D>F@BEAB@ KJHJ NDP CJB> J F@JE>CB>>]G HJ >?J FkKEBKJ J A@?SG>

D>KOD@G>JHG> F@JE>CBFBHG> SG@ KJ>FJ>/ 2>>G AJ@JEFBJ \?D J HBNB>]G HG F@JXJOIG @DKJr>>D DC >D? S@TS@BG

XDEDLrKBGV SGB> J >?J SG>BQ]G D@J S@BNBODABJHJ D D>F@JFkABKJ/ (> S@GH?FG> HG LD@@G D@JCSJ@FBK?OJ@CDEFD LJNG@DKBHG> DC KD@FJ> >GKBDHJHD> JL@BKJEJ> GEHD C?BFJ> NDPD> SJ>>J@JC J >D@ G

A@?SG HGCBEJEFD G? J LJPD@ SJ@FD HG> D>KJORD> CJB> DODNJHG> HJ IBD@J@\?BJ >GKBJO/ # D>SDKBJOBPJQ]G

HG F@JXJOIG JX@JEABJ FJCXkC J> D>LD@J> E]G CJFD@BJB>V F@JH?PBEHG`>D EG JSJ@DKBCDEFG HD

F@GNJHG@D> S@GLB>>BGEJB> D KGEFJHG@D> HD IB>FT@BJ>/ %>FD> FJCXkC AGPJNJC HD S@BNBOkABG> D>SDKBJB>V

KGCGV SG@ DsDCSOGV G SGHD@ HD K@BFBKJ@ OBN@DCDEFD >DC @DKDJ@ @DS@D>_OBJ>/ %C KD@FJ> KB@K?E>FpEKBJ>

G> J@FD>]G> D@JC KGEH?PBHG> JG CJB> XJBsG >FJF?> >GKBJO/ *J> B>>G D@J @J@G DV HD \?JO\?D@ CGHGV E]G

D>F_ DC KGEF@JHBQ]G KGC G S@BEKBSBG HD \?D J FDEHlEKBJ AD@JO HJ KGC?EJ S@BCBFBNJ D@J HJ@ O?AJ@ J

?CJ D>F@JFBLBKJQ]G >GKBJO KJHJ NDP CJBG@/

# D>F@JFBLBKJQ]G >GKBJO LG@EDKBJ J XJ>D SJ@J J J>KDE>]G HJ> KOJ>>D> D J @JHBKJOBPJQ]G HG> JEFJAGEB>CG>

>GKBJB>/ %>>D> LJFG> KGE>FBF?DC DC KD@FJ CDHBHJ G DNGO?B@ OTABKG HJ> HBLD@DEQJ> >GKBJB> E]G

JEFJA}EBKJ> HJ> >GKBDHJHD> KGC?EBF_@BJ>/ # J>>DCXODBJ HG> NDOIG>V SG@ DsDCSOGV SGHBJ ?FBOBPJ@ G >D?

SGHD@ HD KGEF@GOD >GX@D J OGKJQ]G HD FD@@J>V G> HGFD> HJ> EGBNJ> D G?F@J> JFBNBHJHD> F@JHBKBGEJB> SJ@J

>D D>FJXDODKD@ E?CJ >BF?JQ]G DKGE}CBKJ S@BNBODABJHJ>/Y///Z

Y///Z # KGEF@JHBQ]G DEF@D G> CJB> NDOIG> D G> CJB> EGNG> E]G k HJ> \?D S@GNGKJC KGEL@GEFJQRD>

NBGODEFJ>/ *J> G> CJB> EGNG> @D>>DEFB@`>D`]G HJ >?J HDSDEHlEKBJ LJKD JG> CJB> NDOIG>V

D>SDKBJOCDEFD >D D>FD> >D BCB>K?r@DC DC J>>?EFG> F]G SD>>GJB> KGCG J J\?B>BQ]G HD D>SG>J>/ %C

KJ>G HD HD>DEFDEHBCDEFG DOD> SGHBJC JXJEHGEJ@ J> >?J> KGC?EBHJHD> D D>FJXDODKD@DC`>D SG@ >B

>T> G? DEF]G HD>JLBJ@ G> CJBG@D>/ %C \?JO\?D@ HG> KJ>G>V G D>>DEKBJO D@J \?D KD@FG> BEHBNrH?G> D

LJCrOBJ> ?>?L@?rJC HD >BF?JQRD> VJG> S@BNBODABJHJ> \?D G?F@G> D J?FG`DODABJC`>D KIDLD> SD@CJEDEFD>/

%EF]GV J BHJHD SD@HBHJ G >D? KJ@_FD@ HD LJFG@ L?EHJCDEFJO EG CGCDEFG DC \?D ?C cGNDC S?HD>>D

>?KDHD@ J >D? SJBV _ CDHBHJ DC \?D >D D>FJXDODKBJC J> EGQRD> HD >JEA?D @DJO D HD OBEIJADC @DJO/


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'G> SD@rGHG> HD F@JE>BQ]GV DC \?D J> >GKBDHJHD> JL@BKJEJ> KGE>D@NJNJV JBEHJ KJ@JKFD@r>FBKJ>

EBFBHJCDEFD KGC?EBF_@BJ>V JKDBFJNJ`>D KGCG S@BEKrSBG \?D KD@FJ> LJCrOBJ>V KO]> G? OBEIJADE>V FBEIJC G

HB@DBFG HD AGND@EJ@ D G?F@J> E]G/Y///Z

6C J>SDKFG C?BFG BCSG@FJEFD HG S@GKD>>G HD D>F@JFBLBKJQ]G >GKBJO k \?D @D>?OFJHG HG KGEFJFG DEF@D

H?J> LG@CJQRD> >GKBJB>/ (> SGNG> SD>KJHG@D> CJEFBEIJC @DOJQRD> KGC JA@BK?OFG@D> DV CJB> FJ@HDV

KGC G> SJ>FG@D>/ %sB>FBJC JOkC HB>>G G?F@J> LG@CJQRD> >GKBJB>V KGCG SG@ DsDCSOG G> XJEHG> HD

KJQJHG@D> D KGODFG@D> \?D E]G FBEIJC JFBEABHG J LJ>D KGC?EJO/ %C C?BFJ> @DABRD> HJ 1L@BKJ ND@BLBKG?`

>D J KIJCJHJ >BCXBG>D DEF@D A@?SG>V \?DV JSD>J@ HD NBND@DC HD CGHG HBLD@DEFD F@GKJNJC G> >D?>

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