Cambodia - Electricity

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DEPT. : MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

COURSE : DIPLOMA OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING)

SUBJECT : ELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY (JJ102)

-CASE STUDY-

ELECTRICITY

IN

CAMBODIA


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CASE STUDY - ELECTRICAL OF CAMBODIA

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CONTENT & PAGES

INTRODUCTION ABOUT CAMBODIA 3

1. ELECTRICAL AUTHORITY 42. ELECTRICAL ENERGY PROVIDER 5

3. ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION SOURCE 6a. Generation facilities 6b. Energy imported from neighbouring country 7

4. ELECTRICAL TARIFF 85. GENERAL SPECIFICATION OF ELECTRICAL POWER 9

a. Standard voltageb. Voltage tolerancesc. Standard frequencyd. Prevention of hazard and dangere. Socket type

6. CONCLUSION 107. CAMBODIA DATA AT A GLANCE 108. SOURCE OF REFERENCES 11


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INTRODUCTION ABOUT CAMBODIA

GEOGRAPHY DATA

Cambodia is located in the southwest of the Indochinese peninsula. Cambodias land total

area is about 181,035 square kilometers and borders Thailand to the west and northwest,

Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the east, and Gulf of Thailand to the southwest.

Cambodias geographic coordinates are 13 00 N, 105 00 E.

Cambodias terrain consists mainly of low plains, with mountains to the southwest and

north.

Two dominant physical features of Cambodia are the Mekong river, which runs from northto south of the country, and the Tonl Sap Lake.

Natural resources include oil and gas, timber, gemstones, iron ore, manganese,

phosphates, hydropower potential.

CLIMATE

Cambodias climate is hot and warm almost all year round. The climate is dominated by the

annual monsoon cycle of rainy and dry seasons. The rainy season lasts from May to

October, and the dry season from November to April. December to January are the coolestmonths, while the hottest period is in April. The average temperature is around 27-28C

POPULATION

Cambodias population is approximately 13,395,682 (2008 data). Ninety per cent of

residents are Khmer; the rest are Cham (Khmer Muslim), Chinese, Vietnamese, Indian,

Thai, Phnorng, Kuoy, Stieng, Tamil, etc. Population density is 78/ km2.

OFFICIAL LANGUAGE

Khmer

CURRENCY

Cambodia currency is Riel. * KHR1285 Cambodian Riel = MYR 1.00 = USD 0.31


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1. ELECTRICAL AUTHORITYCambodia have two organizations that have a role in governing the power sector. This two

oganization is:

1. Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy (MIME)2. Electricity Authority of Cambodia (EAC)

This organizations have different roles in controlling the power sector in Cambodia. Below

diagram will differentiate the roles of this two organization.

Royal Goverment Of Cambodia

Ministry of Industries, Mines and Energy Electrical Authority of Cambodia

Roles on:

Energy policies Electric Power Strategies Power development plan Technical, safety, environmental

standards

Other duties

Roles :

To issue regulation To issue licences to Electrical

Service Provider

To review cost and approve tariffs To resolve disputes To regulate, impose penalty

Electrical Power Suppliers Electrical Power Users


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2. ELECTRICAL ENERGY PROVIDEREach electricity service provider is required to have a license issued by EAC and to abide its

law. In general, there is three categories of electrical service provider. They are:

1. Independent Power Producer2. Consolidated licensees3. Electricite du Cambodge (owned by government)

Based on 2010 report, there is 311 licensees operating providing electrical power in

Cambodia. Number of licensees operating each Province / City is given in table below.

No Name of Province / City Total

provider

No Name of Province / City Total

provider

1 Banteay Meanchey 16 13 Oddor Meanchay 32 Battambang 26 14 Pailin 2

3 Kampong Cham 37 15 Phnom Penh 13

4 Kampong Chhnang 11 16 Preah Vihear 4

5 Kampong Speu 18 17 Prey Veng 20

6 Kampong Thom 10 18 Pursat 10

7 Kampot 9 19 Rattanakiri 4

8 Kandal 52 20 Siem Reap 18

9 Koh Kong 4 21 Sihanoukville 9

10 Kratie 6 22 Stueng Treang 2

11 Krong Kep 1 23 Svay Rieng 312 Mondol Kiri 1 24 Takeo 32

GRAND TOTAL 311


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3. ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION SOURCECambodia electrical power source is from:

a. Electricity generation facilities (power plant).b. Energy imported from neighbouring country.A. GENERATION FACILITIES

Cambodias electricity generation facilities is run and managed by Independent Power

Producers (IPP) and Electricite du Cambodge (EDC). Type of power plant can be divided

into 4 categories. There are:

1. Hydro power plant 31.73 million kWh 3%

2. Diesel power plant 898.73 million kWh 93%

3. Thermal (Coal) power plant 32.08 million kWh 3%

4. Plant using wood and other biomass 5.82 million kWh 1%

Currently, diesel power plant are the main power source of Cambodia. Being fueled by

imported diesel mean the cost of produced electricity is very high and have made the

electricity cost in Cambodia is among the costliest in the world.

As a way bringing down the cost, the Cambodias government intend to exploit cheaper

energy resources namely hydropower plant and coal. Currently there is 3 hydro power plant

in Cambodia were in operation:

1. Kirirom connected to Phnom Penh power system2. Ratanakiri3. Mondulkiri

3%

93%

3%

1%

Electricity source by type of generation

Hydro power plant

Diesel power plant

Thermal (Coal) power plant

Plant using wood and other

biomass


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The following generation projects is under implentation and planning:

1. Kamchay hydropower plant.2. Kirirom III hydropower plant.3. Reusey Chrum Krom hydropower plant.4. Stung Tatay hydropower plant.5. Stung Atay hydropower plant.6. 100 MW Coal Fired power plant in Sihanoukville7. 240 MW Coal Fired power plant in Sihanoukville8. 135 MW Coal Fired power plant in Sihanoukville9. Sesan Hydroelectric10.Prek Laang Hydroelectric

B. ENERGY IMPORTED FROM NEIGHBOURING COUNTRYCambodia also imports electricity from Thailand, Vietnam and Laos to meet power demand

in the country. Quantity (kWh) of electricity imported by country is given below:

No Country Total electricity imported

1. Thailand 385278454 kWh

2. Vietnam1155408844 kWh

3. Laos 5748768 kWh

*Based 2010 data.

24.91%

74.71%

0.37%

QUANTITY (kWh) OF ELECTRICITY

IMPORTED BY COUNTRY

Thailand

Vietnam

Laos


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1.2.

3.4. ELECTRICITY TARIFFTariff of electricity in Cambodia is vary, depending on its source. 93% of electricity

generation is from Diesel power plant. Hence, the tariff of electricity from this source is

linked and related to the cost of the imported fuel. This made the tariff from this type of

electricity generation is the highest in the country. Due to energy sector of Cambodia rely

so much on diesel power plant, making the rate is among the highest in the world.

However,the cost of generation from hydro power plant, electricity imported from

neighbouring country and other type of sources did not fluctuate much.

In general, the tariff can be low as 610 riels/kWh and can be high as 1250 riels/kWh. That is

about USD 0.15 kW/h to USD 0.31/kWh or in Malaysian Ringgit is from MYR 0.47 kWh to

MYR 0.97/kWh. For comparison, Malaysia electrical tariff for domestic use is MYR 0.22 for

the first 200 kW/h.


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5. GENERAL SPECIFICATION OF ELECTRICAL POWERA. Standard voltage

Classification of

voltage

Range of nominal

voltage

Nominal voltage Highest voltage

Low voltage 600V or less 230V / 440V

Medium voltage 600V ~ 35kV 22kV 24kV

High voltage >35kV 115kV 123kV

230kV 245kV

B. Variation of voltageThe AC voltage at low voltage power supply must be maintained as per below:

Nominal system voltage Value to be maintained

230V 207V ~ 244V

400V 360V ~ 424V

C. Standard frequencyFrequency rating is at 50Hz. The variation of frequency must be maintained

between 49.5Hz and 50.5Hz.

D. Prevention of hazard and dangerSimilar to electrical standard practice of every country in the world, prevention and

precautionary measury is to be practice on every aspect of electrical system, the

equipments and the facilities to prevent danger. Example of standard practice:

i. Groundingii. Power cut off during faultiii. Correct selection of conductor

E. Socket typeThere is three type of socket use in Cambodia. They are:

Socket type A:

Nema 1-15 USA 2 pin

Socket type C:

CEE 7/16 Europlug


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Socket type G:

UK - BS1363

6. CONCLUSION1. Due to about 93% of it electricity source is from diesel power plant, the cost of

electricity in Cambodia is among the highest in the world due to fuel price hikes and

inefficiency of old electricity generation equipments.

2. Cambodia government realized that high cost of electricity will limit economicgrowth and hinders the country from attracting investments. Due to this fact, they

have take necessary action to exploit the the high pontential hydro power plant to

generate cheaper electricity.

3. The electrical system is not much different to Malaysia electrical system.

7. CAMBODIA DATA AT A GLANCE


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8. SOURCE OF REFERENCES1. http://www.eac.gov.kh/report.php2. http://www.investincambodia.com/power.htm3. http://www.edc.com.kh/4. http://www.pps.com.kh/Electricity.pdf5. http://cambodia.usembassy.gov/media2/pdf/cambodian_power_development_plans.pdf6. http://eneken.ieej.or.jp/data/3115.pdf7. http://www.un.org/en/8. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EASTASIAPACIFICEXT/Resources/226300-

1318878759408/eap_energy_flagship_appendixes.pdf


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Cambodia - Electricity