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Size of Canada
2nd largest country in the world 10 provinces, 3 territories
Differences Pop. size & wealth Provs. are self-governed while territories are controlled by the
Federal govt. (Provs. have more political voice in Ottawa) Territorial Formula Financing
Federal aid given to territories to help them develop
>75% of pop. lives where? U.S./Canadian border = world’s longest unguarded border Megalopolis of Canada:
Quebec City, Montreal, Ottawa, TORONTO!, Windsor
Landforms of Canada-Appalachian Mtns.
-Canadian Shield = dominant landform/rich in minerals
-Interior Plains
-Rocky Mountains extend into British Columbia
CLIMATES OF CANADA-SE Canada
*Humid-continental
-Central
*Subarctic
-South Central
*Semi-arid
-British Columbia
*Highland
-Arctic
*Tundra
-Warmest part of Canada
*SW British Columbia
Resources of canada-VERY rich fishing waters = Atlantic & BC
-Timber exports = #5
-Canadian Shield = MINERALS!
-Coal = Rocky & App. Mtns.
-LOTS OF OIL = ALBERTA!
NEW FRANCE-First Europeans:
-Vikings—Leif Ericson (1,000 CE)
-British—John Cabot (1497)
-French—Jacques Cartier (1535)
-Goals: 1. Northwest Passage
2. Fur Trade
3. Spread the word of God
British North America
-1713: Brits took Nova Scotia
-French were “deported”
-Brit./Fr. competition for Canada led to war
-1756 – 1759
-British settlement increased
-Provinces were fragmented until…
Dominion of Canada (1867):*united the fragmented provinces into one independent country
Dominion: a territory or sphere of influence
Govt: Constitutional Monarchy
Parliament: Lawmaking body Similar to U.S. Congress
Prime Minister: Head of the executive branch Similar to U.S. president
Capital city: Ottawa
Ties betw. Canada & England: 1. both have a parliament 2. both share the Queen
Economy of Canada
MDC Most work in Tertiary & Quaternary industries Free market (U.S.) Largest trade partner?
Atlantic Provinces-New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island,
Newfoundland & Labrador = Canada’s hinterland
*a region that lies far away from major pop. centers
-separated from other “British” provinces by Quebec
-Canada’s poorest region (high unemployment)
QUEBEC-St. Lawrence Lowlands = high pop density
-Culture & Language of Quebec?
-Quebecois = French-Canadians
-Parti Quebecois (PQ)
*Quebec’s separatist political party
-Quebec Sovereignty Movement (1995)?
-IF Quebec became independent?1. Eastern provinces would be
separated from others
2. Western provinces may also
demand independence
Ontario-Wealthiest & most populated
-Where do most live?
-Toronto = “NYC” of Canada
-Culture of Ontario?
-Canada’s capital city?
Prairie Provinces
-Prairie Provinces:
-Alberta
-Saskatchewan
-Manitoba
-Rely on natural resources
-Wheat Belt of Canada
-Alberta = OIL & NATURAL GAS
Athabasca Oil Sands
Fort McMurray, Alberta Industrial jobs (Eastern Canadians) World’s 2nd largest oil reserves Video (short) Video (long)
Green = oil pipeline *dotted = planned/under constructionRed = gas pipeline *dotted = planned/under constructionBlue = products pipeline (gasoline, ethylene)
British Columbia
-Location =
*Access to Pacific rim countries
-Canada’s third-largest urban region =
Vancouver
PACIFIC COAST
canadian north
-Federally governed Territories:
*Yukon
*NW Territories
*Nunavut (“Our Land”)
-1999: Canada ceded
Nunavut to the Inuit
Canadian issues-Nationalism:
feeling of pride/loyalty in one’s country
-Regionalism:
support for one’s region over one’s country
-threatens to break Canada up
-Separatism:
belief that certain parts of a country should be independent
-Conflicts:
1. Ontario & Quebec dominate Ottawa?
2. Cultural differences betw. Ontario & Quebec
3. Alberta wants to keep more oil revenues
4. BC feels left out due to distance from Ottawa
ECONOMIC TIES
-Canada’s #1 trade partner is
-NAFTA (1994) =
U.S.A.
NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT