Canada

Test Study Guide

• Canada shares Lake Superior, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario with the United States (p. 175)

• The Atlantic Ocean moderates the temperatures of eastern Canada

Main Languages

• English 58.7%

• French 22%

• The Northern Lands – Nunavut, Northwest Territories, and Yukon – are the least populated region in Canada.

• Much of the area is covered by a subarctic climate zone with cold winters, and the areas farthest north have a tundra climate.

• A tundra is a flat, treeless plain with permanently frozen ground.

• (p. 173)

• Canadians worry about cultural dominance, or takeover, from the United States

• Canada’s government even promotes the production of Canadian movies and television shows

• (p. 184)

$ $ $

• East of the Atlantic Provinces is an area called the Grand Banks.

• This part of the Atlantic Ocean is one of the world’s great fisheries, which are areas where fish come to feed in huge numbers.

• The Grand Banks is visited by fishing fleets from all over the world.

• This means lots of revenue!• (p. 174)

First Nations

• The first people to arrive in Canada came from Asia.

• They came during a long period of intense cold called the Ice Age.

• The first groups to arrive moved south because Canada was covered with ice.

• (p. 176)

• Ninety percent of Canadians live within 150 miles of the Canada-U.S. border

• During the early 1800s, English and French communities disagreed over colonial government policies.

• Fears of a U.S. takeover, however, forced them to work together. In 1867 the British colonies of Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick united as provinces of the Dominion of Canada.

• (p. 178)

• France and Britain fought wars in the 1700s. As a result of British victory in 1763, France was forced to give up much of its land in North America.

• However, the Quebec Act, passed by the British in 1774, gave French settlers in Canada the right to keep their language, religion, and system of laws.

• (p. 178)

• Canada’s government is modeled on Britain’s • Voters elect members of the legislature, or

Parliament• The party with the most members chooses the

prime minister, who carries out the laws• The British king or queen is officially Canada’s

king or queen as well (p. 182)

Vancouver – busiest port

Royal Canadian Mounted Police

• Nicknamed Mounties • Symbolize Canadian law

and order• Formed under the

name North West Mounted Police in 1873 to help created order in the west, where there was a gold rush in the Yukon Territory

• In the late 1600s, some British merchants formed a company called the Hudson’s Bay Company. They set up trading posts around the bay in the hope of gaining some of the profitable fur trade.

• Today, they are still in business selling luxury clothing!

• (p. 178)

• Most Canadians live in the provinces Quebec and Ontario

• Canadian government gave the First Nations more power by creating a new territory, Nunavut, for them in 1999.

• (p. 186)

• Canada’s biggest challenge might be staying together as a nation.

• Some French people in Quebec called separatists want to create their own nation

• The issue remains unsettled

• (p. 186)

• A signature dish in Canada is called poutine and consists of french fries, gravy, and cheese