Canada’s Historical Influence. Canadian History John Cabot – an Italian explorer – was...
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Canada’s Historical Influence. Canadian History John Cabot – an Italian explorer – was commissioned by the British to sail west and claimed Canada (specifically
John Cabot an Italian explorer was commissioned by the British
to sail west and claimed Canada (specifically Newfoundland) for
Britain in 1497 (5 years after Columbus arrival in the
Caribbean).
Slide 4
Cabot lands at Newfoundland (1497) John Cabot
Slide 5
This was the first European claim to North America, although
there is historical evidence of early Viking settlements prior to
this.
Slide 6
The Portuguese were also fishing off the coast of Newfoundland
prior to the Britishs claim. What do you remember about the
Portuguese and navigation?
Slide 7
In 1534, the French sent Jacques Cartier to explore the St.
Lawrence River and the Great Lakes region. He will claim this area
for France.
Slide 8
Cartier and the St. Lawrence River (1534) Jacques Cartier
Slide 9
In 1534, a French explorer by the name of Jacques Cartier
sailed up Canadas St. Lawrence River.
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New France Jacques Cartier claimed the land for France, and it
soon became known as New France. I will call you New France! I will
call you. New France!
Slide 11
Samuel de Champlain In the early 1600s, Samuel de Champlain
built the first permanent settlement along the St. Lawrence River
in Quebec. The first colonists tried to farm there, but soon found
a trade that would be much more profitable
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Thats rightits a BEAVER! Why do you think the beavers were
important to Canadas early colonists?
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The Fur Trade Beavers, which were plentiful in Canada, were
hunted for their furs. Fur was in high demand in Europe, and was
therefore very profitable for the colonists.
Slide 14
Fur Trade in Canada (1600s)
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The Colony Grows The profitable fur trade began to attract many
more French colonists to New France (Canada). The new colonists
settled in villages along the St. Lawrence River.
Slide 16
Champlain cont Established the settlement of Quebec Quebec
became a trading center and the first permanent French settlement
in the New World
Slide 17
The French The French colonists brought with them French laws,
traditions, and the Roman Catholic religion. In the 1600s, the king
of France sent a governor to New France. This governor, along with
another official called an attendant, and a Catholic bishop, ruled
the colony of New France. Bishop de Laval
Slide 18
The Brits are Jealous! The British were very aware of the
profit that the French were making off the fur trade. Naturally,
they wanted to get in on the riches, too!
Slide 19
British-French Trade Rivalry (1627-1756) Company of New France
(est. 1627) Hudson Bay Company (est. 1670)
Slide 20
War! The British colonized the region directly south of New
France, now present-day New York State. The British wanted to take
over the French colony of New France and take complete control of
the fur trade. Soon, fighting breaks out between England and France
in the colonies.
Slide 21
French & Indian War (1754-1763)
Slide 22
Seven Years War/French & Indian War The war that erupted in
1754 is known by 2 names. In Canada, it is known by the Seven Years
War. In the US, it is known as the French and Indian War, because
the Native American groups took sides and fought alongside both the
British and French.
Slide 23
France Defeated With the help of emerging heroes such as George
Washington, the British defeated the French. The Treaty of Paris of
1763 officially ended the war. Britain gained all of Canada and
what is not the United States east of the Mississippi River. France
lost all of its North American holdings.
Slide 24
The Results The British forced the French- speaking people in
Nova Scotia to leave (many of them went to Louisiana, which was
still a French territory). The British renamed New France as
Quebec, but allowed the French-speaking people there, however, to
remain. At this point, therefore, Britain controlled a colony of
mostly French descendants, who spoke French, and were Roman
Catholic. British law soon went into affect in Quebec. Legally, no
Catholics could vote or hold office. Since the majority of
French-Canadians were Catholic, this caused tensions. To avoid a
revolt, the British passed the Quebec Act of 1774, which granted
civil and religious freedom to Quebecs citizens.
Slide 25
Quebec Act (1774)
Slide 26
The American Revolution A year after the Quebec Act of 1774,
the American Revolution began. The colonists asked the
French-Canadians under British rule for their help, but they
decided to remain loyal to Britain. Many of the colonists in the
American colonies who remained loyal to Britain moved to Quebec.
There were about 40,000 of them, who spoke English and were mostly
Protestant. They didnt like the Quebec Act, because it allowed
Catholics to have power. The Act also denied the Loyalists the
right to have play a role in the government of Quebec. This led to
tensions between English-speaking and French-speaking citizens.
These cultural tensions continue even today!
Slide 27
Divisions and Unifications Eventually, many of the English-
speaking people in Quebec settled along the St. Lawrence River,
forming a concentrated populace of English-speaking citizens in
Canada. Unhappy with the government of Quebec which was dominated
by French-speaking colonists, they wanted to form their own
government. In 1784, Britain created the province of New Brunswick
for the English- speaking citizens. Quebec also becomes divided
into two sectionsUpper Canada for the British and Lower Canada for
the French. In 1812, the U.S. and the British went to war again,
this time on Canadian territory. The war was a draw, but it defined
the U.S.- Canada border. The war unified the French and the English
in the Canadian territories, however, and they joined together to
help fight of the Americans. Soon, all of the Canadian territories
would be united.
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Gold was discovered in the Yukon Territory in 1898, which
precipitated westward expansion in Canada.
Slide 29
Contemporary Issues in Canada
Slide 30
Canada is a bilingual country, with English and French both
recognized as official languages.
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90% of Canadians speak English; however, a large portion of
eastern Canada (particularly Quebec) is French-speaking.
Slide 32
As a British colony, Canada entered WWI on the side of the
Allies, although it is important to note that the French-speaking
segment of Canadas population was divided over Canadas
involvement.
Slide 33
Canada along with several other colonies gained its autonomy
from Great Britain in 1931 under the Statue of Westminister. The
Statute of Westminster 1931 is an Act of the Parliament of the
United Kingdom. Passed on 11 December 1931, the Act established
legislative equality for the self-governing dominions of the
British Empire with the United Kingdom. The Statute remains
domestic law within each of the other Commonwealth realms, to the
extent that it has not been implicitly repealed by subsequent
laws.ActParliament of the United KingdomdominionsBritish
EmpireUnited KingdomCommonwealth realmsimplicitly repealed The
statute applied to Canada, the Irish Free State, and South Africa
without the need for ratifying measures.
Slide 34
Statute of Westminster (1931)
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After the Cold War, Canada became one of the founding members
of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949.
Basically, each member country agrees to help protect and defend
any and all nations in the organization if they are attacked. The
North Atlantic Treaty Organization or NATO ( /neto/ NAY -toh;
French: Organisation du trait de l'Atlantique Nord (OTAN)), also
called the (North) Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental
military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was
signed on 4 April 1949. The NATO headquarters are in Brussels,
Belgium, [3] and the organization constitutes a system of
collective defence whereby its member states agree to mutual
defense in response to an attack by any external party./neto/ NAY
-tohFrenchintergovernmentalmilitary allianceNorth Atlantic
TreatyBrussels [3]collective defence
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Vive le Qubec libre! (1967) Charles de Gaulle
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The Quebec sovereignty movement sparked off in 1967 at the
Montreal Expo when French president Charles de Gaulle proclaimed
Vive le Quebec libre! to the assembled crowds, meaning Long live
free Quebec!
Slide 38
Trudeau and the Parti Qubecois (1968) Pierre Trudeau
Slide 39
The Quebec sovereignty movement failed on two separate
referendums one in 1980, another in 1995 although the second
referendum failed by less than 1% of the vote.