Cancer Statistics, 1997s3.amazonaws.com/zanran_storage/caonline.amcancersoc.org/Conte…PROC FORECAST to project the num-ber of cancer cases expected to be diag- ... Epidemiology and

Introduction

Cancer is an important public health con-cern in the United States and around theworld. In order to provide an up-to-dateperspective on the occurrence of cancer,we present an overview of cancer inci-dence, mortality, and survival statisticsfor 1997.

MethodsEstimated New Cancer Cases: We esti-mated the number of new cancer casesthat we expect to be diagnosed in thecoming year using population data col-lected by the US Bureau of the Censusand cancer incidence data collected bythe National Cancer Institute’s Surveil-lance, Epidemiology, and End Results(SEER) Program.1-3

Estimates were calculated using atwo-step procedure. First, we multipliedcancer incidence rates for 1979 through1993 by US Census Bureau populationprojections for the same years to estimatethe number of cancer cases diagnosed an-nually from 1979 to 1993.1-3 Next, we fit-ted these annual case estimates to a qua-dratic function using the SAS procedurePROC FORECAST to project the num-ber of cancer cases expected to be diag-nosed in 1997.4,5 Some additional adjust-ments were made for sites with recentlychanging incidence rates or with widelyvarying year-to-year estimates. Thesesites included rectum, pancreas, and oth-er leukemia in males and females; larynx,prostate, chronic lymphocytic leukemia,and anus, anal canal, and anorectum inmales; and lung and bronchus, corpus andother uterus, eye and orbit, and Hodgk-in’s disease in females.

Because cancer incidence rates for1979 through 1993 were not available formany states, we used state-specific dataon cancer deaths to estimate the numberof new cancer cases occurring in eachstate. First, using methods described inthe section below, we estimated the num-ber of 1997 cancer deaths expected to oc-cur in each state and in the United Statesas a whole. Next, we used these US andstate estimates to calculate the propor-tion of cancer deaths expected to occur ineach state. Finally, we estimated the num-ber of cancer cases for each state by mul-tiplying the proportion of cancer deathsexpected to occur in each state in 1997 bythe estimated number of new cancer casesfor the United States for the same year.

C A C a n c e r J C l i n 1 9 9 7 ; 4 7 : 5 - 2 7

Vol. 47 No. 1 january/February 1997 5

Cancer Statistics, 1997

Sheryl L. Parker, MSPHTony Tong, MSSherry Bolden, BAPhyllis A. Wingo, PhD, MS

Ms. Parker is an Epidemiologist with the Sur-veillance Research Program, Department ofEpidemiology and Surveillance, American CancerSociety, Atlanta, Georgia.

Mr. Tong is a Consultant to the SurveillanceResearch Program, Department of Epidemiologyand Surveillance, American Cancer Society,Atlanta, Georgia.

Ms. Bolden is a Program Specialist with theSurveillance Research Program, Department ofEpidemiology and Surveillance, American CancerSociety, Atlanta, Georgia.

Dr. Wingo is Director of the Surveillance ResearchProgram, Department of Epidemiology andSurveillance, American Cancer Society, Atlanta,Georgia.

The authors thank Belinda Hill for her assistance inthe preparation of this manuscript and KourtneyJohnston Davis for her suggestions regarding con-tent and organization.

Estimated Cancer Deaths: We estimatedthe number of US cancer deaths expectedto occur in 1997 using data on underlyingcause of death gathered from death cer-tificates by the National Center for HealthStatistics (NCHS).6 Data on the numberof cancer deaths occurring annually from1979 to 1993 were fitted to a quadraticmodel using the SAS procedure PROCFORECAST. This model was used toforecast the number of cancer deaths ex-pected to occur in 1997.4,5 Some estimateswere adjusted slightly to compensate forthe effect of recently changing mortalityrates or large year-to-year variations inestimates. These sites included rectum,pancreas, larynx, bones and joints, othernonepithelial skin, breast, testis, urinarybladder, other endocrine, and acute mye-locytic leukemia in men; and stomach,cervix uteri, corpus and other uterus, andthyroid in women.

The estimated number of cancerdeaths for each state was calculated withthe same modeling procedure that wasused to estimate cancer deaths for theUnited States as a whole.

Other Statistics: Statistics on cancer andnoncancer mortality, the probability ofdeveloping cancer, and relative survivalare also presented in this report (Figs. 3-6,Tables 5-14). These statistics have beenassembled from several sources, andmethods used to calculate them havebeen previously described.7

Selected FindingsExpected Numbers of New Cancer Cases:In 1997, we estimate that about 1,382,400new cases of invasive cancer are expectedto be diagnosed in the United States(Table 1). This estimate does not includecarcinoma in situ of any site but bladder,nor does it include basal and squamouscell cancers of the skin. Over 900,000cases of basal and squamous cell skin can-cers, 36,400 cases of breast carcinoma insitu, and 20,100 cases of melanoma carci-

noma in situ are expected to be diag-nosed in 1997.

Among women, we estimate that in1997 the three most commonly diagnosedcancers will be cancers of the breast, lungand bronchus, and colon and rectum (Fig.1). There will be about 324,800 new can-cers occurring at these sites, accountingfor over 50 percent of new cancer cases.Breast cancer alone will account for 30percent of new cancer cases with about180,200 new cases to be diagnosed in1997.

Among men, the most common can-cers in 1997 will be cancers of theprostate, lung and bronchus, and colonand rectum (Fig. 1). Prostate is the lead-ing cancer site, accounting for 43 percentof new cancer cases. Between 1990 and1997, our estimates for prostate cancercases increased sharply; this increase re-flects the dramatic increase in prostatecancer incidence rates between 1988 and1993.

Expected Numbers of Cancer Deaths: In1997, we estimate that about 560,000Americans will die of cancer—more than1,500 people a day (Table 2). Preliminarydata for 1995 suggest that overall cancermortality rates have recently begun to de-cline.9 Numbers of deaths, however, havecontinued to increase due to the agingpopulation.

Among women, we estimate thatcancers of the lung and bronchus, breast,and colon and rectum will account forover half of all cancer deaths in 1997 (Fig.2). Lung is the leading cancer site, ac-counting for 25 percent of all cancerdeaths. Since 1987, lung cancer has beenthe leading cause of cancer death inwomen. Prior to that time, more deathswere caused by breast cancer, which forover 40 years was the major cause of can-cer death in women.1,6 In 1997, breastcancer is expected to be responsible for17 percent of female cancer deaths. Theoverall breast cancer mortality rate hasbeen declining since 1989. Between 1989

C a n c e r s t a t i s t i c s 1 9 9 7

6 Ca—A cancer Journal for Clinicians

and 1993, breast cancer mortality de-clined among white women aged 80 yearsand younger and among African-Ameri-can women aged 70 years and younger.1,6

Among men, most 1997 cancerdeaths are expected to be caused by can-cers of the lung and bronchus, prostate,and colon and rectum (Fig. 2). Likewomen, men are more likely to die oflung cancer than cancer of any other site.In 1997 alone, lung cancer is expected tobe responsible for 98,300 deaths in men(32 percent). Responsible for about halfas many deaths as lung cancer, prostatecancer is expected to cause about 14 per-cent of cancer deaths in 1997. Recent in-creases in prostate cancer mortality rateshave been much less dramatic than in-creases in prostate cancer incidence rates.Consequently, our estimated number ofprostate cancer deaths increased only 39percent between 1990 and 1997 com-pared to over 200 percent for our estimat-ed number of prostate cancer cases.

Limitations and Future Challenges Our estimated numbers of new cancercases and cancer deaths should be inter-preted with caution when used to studytrends in cancer incidence and mortality.Numbers can vary considerably fromyear to year, particularly for less commoncancers and for states with small popula-tions. NCHS mortality rates and SEERand state cancer incidence rates are gen-erally more informative statistics to usewhen tracking cancer trends.

Changes in incidence or mortalitytrends that have occurred since 1993 arenot reflected in this year’s estimates. Forexample, regional reports suggest that therapid increase in prostate cancer inci-dence rates observed between 1988 and1992 may have begun to slow or changein 1993.1,8 If this is correct, the estimatesof new prostate cases that we have pub-lished in recent years will be higher thanthe actual number of new cases.

In addition, our estimates may notreflect fluctuations in trends occurring be-tween 1979 and 1993. For example, al-though breast cancer incidence rates in-creased about one percent per yearbetween 1979 and 1982 and four percentper year between 1982 and 1987, rateswere about constant between 1987 and1993. Despite the stabilization of ratesduring the latter time period, our esti-mates for new breast cancer cases contin-ued increasing between 1988 and 1986.

Despite these limitations, our esti-mates do provide an indication of currentpatterns of cancer in the United States.Continuing efforts in the areas of preven-tion, screening, and treatment are neces-sary to reduce the burden of cancer in theUS and world populations as we ap-proach the 21st century.

References1. Ries LAG, Kosary CL, Hankey BF, et al: SEERCancer Statistics Review, 1973-1993: Tables andGraphs (NIH Pub. 96-2789). Bethesda, Md,National Cancer Institute, 1995.2. United States Bureau of the Census: CurrentPopulation Reports, P-25-1130, Population Pro-jections of the United States, by Age, Sex, Race,and Hispanic Origin: 1995 to 2050. Washington,DC, Government Printing Office, 1996.3. United States Bureau of the Census: CurrentPopulation Reports, P25-1127, National and StatePopulation Estimates: 1990 to 1994. WashingtonDC, Government Printing Office, 1995.4. Box GEP, Jenkins GM: Time Series Analysis:Forecasting and Control. San Francisco, Holden-Day, 1976.5. SAS Institute Inc., SAS/ETS User’s Guide,Version 6, First Edition. Cary, North Carolina, SASInstitute Inc., 1988.6. National Center for Health Statistics: VitalStatistics of the United States, 1993. Washington,DC, Public Health Service, 1996.7. Parker SL, Tong T, Bolden St, Wingo PA: Cancerstatistics 1996. CA Cancer J Clin 1996;46:5-27.8. Stephenson RA, Smart CR, Mineau GP, et al:The fall in incidence of prostate carcinoma. Cancer1996;77:1342-1348.9. Rosenberg HM, Ventura SJ, Maurer JD, et al:Birth and Deaths, 1995: Monthly Vital StatisticsReport; Vol 45 No 3, Supp 2. Hyattsville, Md,National Center for Health Statistics, 1996.

C A C a n c e r J C l i n 1 9 9 7 ; 4 7 : 5 - 2 7




All Sites†

Oral cavity & pharynxTongueMouthPharynxOther oral cavityDigestive systemEsophagusStomachSmall intestineColonRectumAnus, anal canal, & anorectumLiver & intrahepatic bile ductGallbladder & other biliaryPancreasOther digestive organsRespiratory systemLarynxLung & bronchusOther respiratory organsBones & jointsSoft tissue (including heart)Skin (excluding basal & squamous)Melanomas-skinOther non-epithelial skinBreastGenital systemCervix uteriCorpus & uterus, NOSOvaryVulvaVagina & other genital organs, femaleProstateTestisPenis & other genital organs, maleUrinary systemUrinary bladderKidney & renal pelvisUreter & other urinary organsEye & orbitBrain & other nervous systemEndocrine systemThyroidOther endocrineLymphomaHodgkin’s diseaseNon-Hodgkin’s lymphomaMultiple myelomaLeukemiaAcute lymphocytic leukemiaChronic lymphocytic leukemiaAcute myelocytic leukemiaChronic myelocytic leukemiaOther leukemiaOther & unspecified primary sites

*Excludes basal and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ carcinomas except bladder.†Site-specific estimates may not add to all sites’ total due to rounding.

Table 1Estimated New Cancer Cases by Sex, United States, 1997*

Total Male Female1,382,400 785,800 596,600

30,750 20,900 9,8506,400 4,200 2,200

11,000 6,700 4,3008,800 6,400 2,4004,550 3,600 950

225,900 120,000 105,90012,500 9,400 3,10022,400 14,000 8,400

4,900 2,600 2,30094,100 45,500 48,60037,100 20,900 16,200

3,400 1,400 2,00013,600 9,100 4,500

6,900 2,500 4,40027,600 13,400 14,200

3,400 1,200 2,200194,600 111,400 83,200

10,900 8,900 2,000178,100 98,300 79,800

5,600 4,200 1,4002,500 1,300 1,2006,600 3,700 2,900

54,300 34,900 19,40040,300 22,900 17,40014,000 12,000 2,000

181,600 1,400 180,200424,800 343,000 81,800

14,500 14,50034,900 34,90026,800 26,800

3,300 3,3002,300 2,300

334,500 334,5007,200 7,2001,300 1,300

85,400 58,000 27,40054,500 39,500 15,00028,800 17,100 11,700

2,100 1,400 7002,100 1,100 1,000

17,600 10,100 7,50017,560 5,530 12,03016,100 4,700 11,400

1,460 830 63061,100 34,200 26,900

7,500 3,900 3,60053,600 30,300 23,30013,800 7,900 5,90028,300 15,900 12,400

3,000 1,600 1,4007,400 4,300 3,1009,200 4,700 4,5004,300 2,400 1,9004,400 2,900 1,500

35,500 16,500 19,000

C A C a n c e r J C l i n 1 9 9 7 ; 4 7 : 5 - 2 7


All Sites†

Oral cavity & pharynxTongueMouthPharynxOther oral cavityDigestive systemEsophagusStomachSmall intestineColonRectumAnus, anal canal, & anorectumLiver & intrahepatic bile ductGallbladder & other biliaryPancreasOther digestive organsRespiratory systemLarynxLung & bronchusOther respiratory organsBones & jointsSoft tissue (including heart)Skin (excluding basal & squamous)Melanomas-skinOther non-epithelial skinBreastGenital systemCervix uteriCorpus & uterus, NOSOvaryVulvaVagina & other genital organs, femaleProstateTestisPenis & other genital organs, maleUrinary systemUrinary bladderKidney & renal pelvisUreter & other urinary organsEye & orbitBrain & other nervous systemEndocrine systemThyroidOther endocrineLymphomaHodgkin’s diseaseNon-Hodgkin’s lymphomaMultiple myelomaLeukemiaAcute lymphocytic leukemiaChronic lymphocytic leukemiaAcute myelocytic leukemiaChronic myelocytic leukemiaOther leukemiaOther & unspecified primary sites

*Excludes basal and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ carcinomas except bladder. †Site-specific estimates may not add to all sites’ total due to rounding.

Table 2Estimated Cancer Deaths by Sex, United States, 1997*

Total Male Female

560,000 294,100 265,9008,440 5,600 2,8401,820 1,200 6202,500 1,400 1,1002,030 1,500 5302,090 1,500 590

127,070 67,440 59,63011,500 8,700 2,80014,000 8,300 5,7001,140 540 600

46,600 22,600 24,0008,300 4,400 3,900

410 150 26012,400 7,500 4,9003,500 1,300 2,200

28,100 13,500 14,6001,120 450 670

165,920 98,490 67,4304,230 3,300 930

160,400 94,400 66,0001,290 790 5001,410 750 6604,100 1,900 2,2009,490 6,100 3,3907,300 4,600 2,7002,190 1,500 690

44,190 290 43,90068,870 42,370 26,5004,800 4,8006,000 6,000

14,200 14,200800 800700 700

41,800 41,800350 350220 220

23,520 15,060 8,46011,700 7,800 3,90011,300 7,000 4,300

520 260 260250 140 110

13,200 7,200 6,0002,070 870 1,2001,230 450 780

840 420 42025,280 13,220 12,0601,480 820 660

23,800 12,400 11,40010,900 5,500 5,40021,310 11,770 9,5401,410 770 6404,900 2,800 2,1006,300 3,400 2,9002,400 1,400 1,0006,300 3,400 2,900

34,000 17,400 16,600



*Excludes basal and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ carcinomas except bladder.†State estimates may not add to US total due to rounding.

StateFemaleBreast

CervixUteri

Corpus &Uterus, NOS

Lung &Bronchus

Melanomaof Skin

All Sites

Non-Hodgkin'sLymphoma Pancreas Prostate

UrinaryBladder

Table 3Estimated New Cancer Cases by Site and State, US, 1997*

AlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCalifornia ColoradoConnecticutDelawareDist. of Col.Florida

GeorgiaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaine

MarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew Hampshire

New JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode Island

South CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyoming

United States†

2,800230

2,7001,900

17,1002,1002,000

570530

11,800

3,900460720

9,2004,0002,4001,6002,7003,100

990

3,4004,6006,0003,0001,8003,400

6201,1001,100

960

6,400970

13,8004,900

4908,5002,0002,000

11,000820

2,600580

3,80011,500

820330

4,4003,5001,3003,700

330

180,200

24010

150180

1,500140607030

1,200

2903010

74037014015029015060

290270490130200350602090

100

38070

1,200340

568022011083070

23030

3201,200

7040

29018011031020

14,500

Colon &Rectum

1,600130

1,9001,500

11,3001,4001,600

340320

8,900

2,600520450

6,5003,1001,9001,3002,3002,200

740

2,7003,9005,0002,0001,2003,200

460910730580

4,600530

9,2003,600

3506,3001,6001,4008,000

660

1,900390

2,8008,500

560230

3,0002,2001,2002,500

170

131,200

47030

550320

3,10041028070

1402,500

880505

1,500790540360420390160

750670

1,5005201209001002008020

1,300230

3,4001,100

1001,900

240460

2,200140

44050

6402,000

15060

87060026098030

34,900

3,100210

2,9002,400

15,3001,6002,000

600360

13,400

4,300540570

7,9004,4002,0001,6003,6003,3001,100

3,4004,2006,7002,5001,9004,500

570990

1,200800

5,300740

11,4005,400

3408,6002,5002,4009,500

790

2,700450

4,20012,000

510390

4,1003,6001,8003,000

270

178,100

77020

710360

4,300490540120

52,800

1,10040

1601,900

970480630720600240

6101,2001,200

580250930100170350150

1,300320

2,2001,300

1001,400

530670

2,100180

48050

1,1002,500

380150

1,10082036070090

40,300

86030

890600

4,800580730180110

3,700

890230210

2,5001,100

790560780730330

8501,5001,9001,200

4401,200

210370320270

1,700280

4,0001,400

2102,600

810690

3,100290

580120

1,1003,500

310120

1,2001,000

3801,200

60

53,600

41020

440280

2,60035036080

1002,000

68013070

1,200680280280450520160

470680

1,000410290560100160150130

930140

2,10075070

1,200340370

1,50090

36090

5701,900

11050

71051020058040

27,600

5,400290

5,7004,200

31,4004,0004,100

890890

25,400

7,7001,1001,400

15,3006,8003,9003,4004,5005,5001,700

6,5008,100

12,8005,6004,1007,1001,4002,1001,8001,200

11,0001,700

21,10010,1001,300

14,6004,3004,400

19,200940

5,1001,1006,300

20,8001,900

6907,9006,5002,5008,000

640

334,500

70010

820620

5,000620840280130

4,400

820180190

2,5001,400

830470730620320

9201,7002,300

710340

1,200150290250270

2,200300

4,3001,400

1802,600

690670

3,000330

840220

1,0002,900

270150

1,2001,100

6001,200

60

54,500

23,2001,500

22,00015,700

127,50014,90017,4004,3003,500

99,100

31,9004,8005,000

65,40031,60016,70013,40023,20023,1008,200

25,70035,50050,60022,00014,80031,6004,7008,4008,6006,300

45,6007,000

94,10039,5003,600

63,50017,50017,90077,4005,900

19,8004,000

29,10087,2005,8002,900

32,50027,10012,10027,5002,100

1,382,400

C A C a n c e r J C l i n 1 9 9 7 ; 4 7 : 5 - 2 7


United States‡

State

ReportedDeath Rate

per 100,000†

173

Estimated Number of Deaths

560,000

AlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCalifornia ColoradoConnecticutDelawareDist. of Col.Florida

GeorgiaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaine

MarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew Hampshire

New JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode Island

South CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyoming

43,900

67060

670470

4,200520480140130

2,900

950110170

2,200960590380650760240

8401,1001,500

720430840150270260230

1,600240

3,4001,200

1202,100

480490

2,700200

620140910

2,80020080

1,10085032089080

4,800

805

5060

51050202010

380

100105

2401205050

1005020

10090

1604070

12020103030

13020

400110

52207040

27020

8010

1004002010

1006040

10010

54,900

66050

810610

4,700590690140130

3,700

1,100220190

2,7001,300

770550940920310

1,1001,6002,100

860510

1,300190380310240

1,900220

3,9001,500

1502,600

680590

3,300280

800160

1,2003,600

230100

1,300930490

1,00070

6,000

805

10050

53070501020

430

150105

2601409060707030

1301202609020

1502030105

22040

58018020

3304080

38020

7010

1103503010

15010040

1705

160,400

2,800190

2,6002,200

13,8001,5001,800

540330

12,100

3,900490510

7,1004,0001,8001,5003,3003,0001,000

3,0003,8006,1002,2001,7004,100

510890

1,100720

4,700660

10,2004,800

3107,7002,3002,2008,500

710

2,400400

3,80010,800

460360

3,7003,2001,6002,700

240

7,300

1405

13060

78090

100205

510

1901030

34017090

11013011040

11022022010050

17020306030

23060

41023020

26010012039030

9010

2004507030

20015070

13020

23,800

38010

390270

2,2002603208050

1,700

39010090

1,100490350250350320150

38065086053020055090

170140120

760120

1,80064090

1,100360310

1,400130

26050

4801,600

14050

52045017054030

28,100

42020

450280

2,60036037080

1002,100

69013070

1,200690280290460530160

480700

1,000420300570100170160130

940140

2,10076070

1,200340380

1,50090

36090

5801,900

11050

72052020059040

41,800

67040

710530

3,900500520110110

3,200

960140180

1,900850490430560690220

8101,0001,600

700510890180260220150

1,400220

2,6001,300

1701,800

530560

2,400120

630140780

2,60024090

980810320

1,00080

179171159180162147166195221168

177137149181178159159193194186

190181177156181177162157184182

184146172175157181170168179179

178155179170126175179165184166154

9,400600

8,9006,400

51,7006,0007,0001,8001,400

40,100

12,900 1,900

2,00026,50012,8006,8005,4009,4009,4003,300

10,40014,40020,5008,9006,000

12,8001,9003,4003,5002,600

18,5002,800

38,10016,0001,500

25,7007,1007,200

31,3002,400

8,0001,600

11,80035,3002,4001,200

13,20011,0004,900

11,200830

Table 4Cancer Mortality by Site and State, US, 1997*

*Excludes basal and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ carcinomas except bladder.†NCHS average annual mortality rate for 1989-1993, age-adjusted to the 1970 US standard population.‡State estimates may not add to US total due to rounding.

FemaleBreast

CervixUteri

Corpus &

Uterus,NOS

Lung &Bronchus

Mela-noma

of SkinAll

Sites

Non-Hodgkin'sLymphoma Pancreas Prostate

UrinaryBladder

Colon &Rectum

11,700

1505

180130

1,1001301806030

940

1804040

53029018010016013070

20036049015070

25030605060

46070

91030040

56015014063070

18050

2306206030

25023013025010



3%

3%

13%

2%

8%

2%

43%

5%

2%

4%

16%

Melanoma of Skin

Oral Cavity & Pharynx

Lung & Bronchus

Stomach

Colon & Rectum

Kidney & Renal Pelvis

Prostate

Urinary Bladder

Leukemia

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

All Other Sites

3%

30%

13%

2%

11%

4%

2%

6%

3%

4%

21%

Melanoma of Skin

Breast

Lung & Bronchus

Pancreas

Colon & Rectum

Ovary

Cervix Uteri

Corpus & Uterus, NOS

Urinary Bladder


All Other Sites

*Excludes basal and squamous cell skin cancer and carcinoma in situ except bladder.

3%

32%

5%

3%

3%

9%

14%

3%

4%

4%

21%

Esophagus

Lung & Bronchus

Pancreas

Stomach

Liver & Intrahepatic Bile Duct

Colon & Rectum

Prostate

Urinary Bladder

Leukemia


All Other Sites

2%

17%

25%

5%

2%

10%

5%

2%

4%

4%

23%

Brain & Other Nervous System

Breast

Lung & Bronchus

Pancreas

Stomach

Colon & Rectum

Ovary


Leukemia


All Other Sites

Figure 1Estimated New Cancer Cases*

10 Leading Sites by Sex, United States, 1997

Figure 2Estimated Cancer Deaths*

10 Leading Sites by Sex, United States, 1997

*Excludes basal and squamous cell skin cancer and carcinoma in situ except bladder.

C A C a n c e r J C l i n 1 9 9 7 ; 4 7 : 5 - 2 7


Birth

to 3

9 40

to 5

960

to 7

9 Ev

er

Year

sYe

ars

Year

s(B

irth

to D

eath

)

All s

ites*

Mal

e1.

71 (1

in 5

8)8.

27 (1

in 1

2)37

.79

(1 in

3)

48.1

7 (1

in 2

)

Fem

ale

1.96

(1 in

51)

9.12

(1 in

11)

22.4

8 (1

in 4

)38

.33

(1 in

3)

Brea

stFe

mal

e0.

46 (1

in 2

17)

3.92

(1 in

26)

6.94

(1 in

14)

12.6

1 (1

in 8

)

Colo

n &

Mal

e0.

06 (1

in 1

,667

)0.

92 (1

in 1

09)

4.27

(1 in

23)

6.02

(1 in

17)

Rect

umFe

mal

e0.

05 (1

in 2

,000

)0.

70 (1

in 1

43)

3.24

(1 in

31)

5.77

(1 in

17)

Lung

&M

ale

0.04

(1 in

2,5

00)

1.46

(1 in

68)

6.82

(1 in

15)

8.60

(1 in

12)

Bron

chus

Fem

ale

0.03

(1 in

3,3

33)

1.05

(1 in

95)

3.83

(1 in

26)

5.48

(1 in

18)

Pros

tate

Mal

eLe

ss th

an 1

in 1

0,00

01.

58 (1

in 6

3)17

.04

(1 in

6)

19.8

4 (1

in 5

)

* Ex

clud

es b

asal

and

squ

amou

s ce

ll sk

in c

ance

rs a

nd in

situ

car

cino

mas

exc

ept b

ladd

er.

Data

sou

rce:

NCI

Sur

veill

ance

, Epi

dem

iolo

gy, a

nd E

nd R

esul

ts P

rogr

am, 1

996.

Tab

le 5

Per

centa

ge

of

Pop

ula

tion D

evel

op

ing I

nva

sive

Can

cers

at C

erta

in A

ges

, U

nit

ed S

tate

s, 1

99

1–1

99

3



80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

01930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990

Year

Rate

per

100

,000

Fem

ale

Popu

latio

n

Figure 3Age-Adjusted Cancer Death Rates*

Females by Site, United States, 1930–1993

Note: Due to changes in the ICD coding, numerator information has changed over time. Rates for cancer of the uterus, ovary, lung, and colon and rectum are affected by these coding changes. Denominator data for the years 1930-1959 and 1991-1993 are based on intercensal population estimates, while denominator data for the years 1960-1989 are based on postcensal recalculation of estimates. Rate estimates for 1968-1989 are most likely of a better quality.*Rates per 100,00 population age-adjusted to the 1970 standard US population.†Uterine cancer death rates are for cervix and corpus combined. Data source: Vital Statistics of the United States, 1996.

Uterus†

Breast

Pancreas

Ovary

Lung

Stomach

Colon & Rectum

C A C a n c e r J C l i n 1 9 9 7 ; 4 7 : 5 - 2 7


80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

01930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990

Year

Rate

per

100

,000

Mal

e Po

pula

tion

Figure 4Age-Adjusted Cancer Death Rates*

Males by Site, United States, 1930–1993

Note: Due to changes in the ICD coding, numerator information has changed over time. Rates for cancer of the liver, lung, and colon & rectum are affected by these coding changes. Denominator data for the years 1930-1959 and 1991-1993 are based on intercensal population estimates, while denominator data for the years 1968-1989 are based on postcensal recalculation of estimates. Rate estimates for 1968-1989 are most likely of a better quality.*Rates per 100,000 age-adjusted to the 1970 US standard population. Data source: Vital Statistics of the United States, 1996.

Prostate

Pancreas

Liver

Lung

Stomach

Colon & Rectum



All Ages Ages 1-14 Ages 15-34Male Female Male Female Male Female

All Causes All Causes All Causes All Causes All Causes All Causes1,161,797 1,106,756 9,799 6,525 70,593 24,535

1 Heart Heart Accidents Accidents Accidents AccidentsDiseases Diseases 3,792 2,264 21,475 6,513367,479 375,981

2 Cancer Cancer Cancer Cancer Homicide Cancer279,375 250,529 922 689 12,892 3,308

3 Accidents Cerebro- Homicide Congenital HIV Homicide60,117 vascular 682 Anomalies Infection 2,810

Diseases 637 10,04091,060

4 Cerebro- Chronic Congenital Homicide Suicide HIVvascular Obstructive Anomalies 438 9,337 InfectionDiseases Pulmonary 652 1,86859,048 Disease

46,7065 Chronic Pneumonia Heart Heart Cancer Suicide

Obstructive & Influenza Diseases Diseases 3,509 1,819Pulmonary 44,824 313 286Disease54,371

6 Pneumonia Diabetes Suicide HIV Heart Heart& Influenza Mellitus 233 Infection Diseases Diseases37,996 30,464 177 2,984 1,536

7 HIV Accidents Cerebral Cerebral Pneumonia Cerebro-Infection 30,406 Palsy Palsy & Influenza vascular32,093 208 163 549 Diseases

4918 Suicide Nephritis HIV Pneumonia Congenital Pneumonia

25,007 12,107 Infection & Influenza Anomalies & Influenza182 152 549 426

9 Diabetes Septicemia Pneumonia Suicide Cerebro- CongenitalMellitus 11,718 & Influenza 88 vascular Anomalies23,430 165 Diseases 399

514

10 Homicide Diseases Chronic Septicemia Cirrhosis Diabetes20,290 of Arteries Obstructive 79 of Liver Mellitus

11,042 Pulmonary 501 331Disease112

Data source: Vital Statistics of the United States, 1996.

Table 6Reported Deaths for the 10 Leading Causes of Death

by Age and Sex, United States, 1993

C A C a n c e r J C l i n 1 9 9 7 ; 4 7 : 5 - 2 7


Ages 35-54 Ages 55-74 Ages 75+Male Female Male Female Male Female

All Causes All Causes All Causes All Causes All Causes All Causes149,843 78,010 426,512 302,888 486,337 680,138

1 Heart Cancer Heart Cancer Heart HeartDiseases 30,345 Diseases 111,937 Diseases Diseases33,768 146,359 183,642 278,010

2 Cancer Heart Cancer Heart Cancer Cancer28,782 Diseases 142,057 Diseases 104,037 104,203

12,032 83,7873 HIV Accidents Chronic Chronic Cerebro- Cerebro-

Infection 5,182 Obstructive Obstructive vascular vascular19,670 Pulmonary Pulmonary Diseases Diseases

Diseases Diseases 36,047 70,19322,936 19,003

4 Accidents Cerebro- Cerebro- Cerebro- Chronic Pneumonia &16,102 vascular vascular vascular Obstructive Influenza

Diseases Diseases Diseases Pulmonary 36,8953,469 18,182 16,754 Diseases

29,3395 Suicide HIV Diabetes Diabetes Pneumonia & Chronic

7,976 Infection Mellitus Mellitus Influenza Obstructive2,746 10,797 11,665 26,135 Pulmonary

Diseases25,818

6 Cirrhosis Suicide Accidents Pneumonia Diabetes Diabetesof Liver 2,362 9,218 & Influenza Mellitus Mellitus6,183 5,870 9,288 16,230

7 Homicide Cirrhosis Pneumonia Accidents Accidents Accidents5,072 of Liver & Influenza 5,312 8,930 10,729

2,276 8,657

8 Cerebro- Diabetes Cirrhosis Cirrhosis Diseases Alzheimer’svascular Mellitus of Liver of Liver of Arteries DiseaseDiseases 2,209 7,489 4,218 7,421 9,8304,107

9 Diabetes Chronic Diseases Diseases Nephritis Athero-Mellitus Obstructive of Arteries of Arteries 6,682 sclerosis2,937 Pulmonary 6,504 3,183 9,701

Disease1,544

10 Substance Homicide Suicide Nephritis Alzheimer’s NephritisAbuse 1,517 4,797 3,128 Disease 8,2812,224 4,785


Table 6Reported Deaths for 10 Leading Causes of Death

by Age and Sex, United States, 1993



Rank Cause of Death

Numberof

Deaths

Death Rateper 100,000Population*

Percentof TotalDeaths

Table 7Fifteen Leading Causes of Death

United States, 1993

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

All Causes

Heart Diseases

Cancer

Cerebrovascular Diseases

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

Accidents

Pneumonia & Influenza

Diabetes Mellitus

HIV Infection

Suicide

Homicide

Diseases of Arteries

Cirrhosis of Liver

Nephritis

Septicemia

Atherosclerosis

Other & Ill-defined

2,268,553

743,460

529,904

150,108

101,077

90,523

82,820

53,894

37,267

31,102

26,009

26,005

25,209

23,317

20,634

17,272

309,952

697.3

218.3

172.9

42.3

30.8

31.5

22.5

16.9

11.7

10.9

9.7

7.8

8.8

6.8

6.0

4.5

100.0

32.8

23.4

6.6

4.5

4.0

3.7

2.4

1.6

1.4

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.0

0.9

0.8

13.7

*Age-adjusted to the 1970 US standard population.


C A C a n c e r J C l i n 1 9 9 7 ; 4 7 : 5 - 2 7


All Ages Under 15 15-34 35-54 55-74 75+

All Sites All Sites All Sites All Sites All Sites All Sites250,529 721 3,308 30,345 111,937 104,203

Lung & Leukemia Breast Breast Lung & Lung &Bronchus 238 560 9,279 Bronchus Bronchus56,234 31,803 18,802

Breast Brain & ONS Leukemia Lung & Breast Colon &43,555 205 441 Bronchus 18,937 Rectum

5,501 16,137

Colon & Endocrine Brain & ONS Colon & Colon & BreastRectum System 326 Rectum Rectum 14,77829,206 74 2,064 10,861

Pancreas Bones & Cervix Uteri Ovary Ovary Pancreas13,776 Joints 323 1,823 6,159 6,909

44

Ovary Soft Tissue Non-Hodgkin’s Cervix Uteri Pancreas Non-Hodgkin’s12,870 37 Lymphoma 1,623 5,933 Lymphoma

214 4,854

ONS = other nervous systemNote: All sites category excludes basal and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ carcinomas except bladder.Data source: Vital Statistics of the United States,1996.

Table 9Reported Deaths for the Five Leading Cancer Sites

Females by Age, United States, 1993

All Ages Under 15 15-34 35-54 55-74 75+

All Sites All Sites All Sites All Sites All Sites All Sites279,375 978 3,509 28,782 142,057 104,037

Lung & Leukemia Leukemia Lung & Lung & Lung &Bronchus 359 645 Bronchus Bronchus Bronchus92,493 8,771 55,421 28,122

Prostate Brain & ONS Non-Hodgkin’s Colon & Colon & Prostate34,865 255 Lymphomas Rectum Rectum 22,465

477 2,508 13,689

Colon & Endocrine Brain & ONS Non-Hodgkin’s Prostate Colon &Rectum System 458 Lymphomas 12,051 Rectum28,199 113 1,699 11,787

Pancreas Non-Hodgkin’s Colon & Brain & ONS Pancreas Pancreas12,669 Lymphomas Rectum 1,542 6,678 4.580

63 209

Leukemia Soft Tissue Hodgkin’s Pancreas Esophagus Leukemia10,873 47 Disease 1,375 4,661 4,076

197

ONS = other nervous systemNote: All sites category excludes basal and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ carcinomas except bladder.Data source: Vital Statistics of the United States,1996.

Table 8Reported Deaths for the Five Leading Cancer Sites

Males by Age, United States, 1993



AsianAfrican and Pacific NativeAmerican Islander1 American1,2 White Hispanic3

All Sites All Sites All Sites All Sites All Sites59,873 6,636 1,491 461,891 15,743100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Lung & Bronchus Lung & Bronchus Lung & Bronchus Lung & Bronchus Lung & Bronchus15,625 1,477 399 131,213 2,81126.1% 22.3% 26.8% 28.4% 17.9%

Colon & Rectum Colon & Rectum Colon & Rectum Colon & Rectum Colon & Rectum6,216 693 133 50,363 1,50810.4% 10.4% 8.9% 10.9% 9.6%

Prostate Liver & Intrahepatic Female Breast Female Breast Female Breast5,656 Bile Duct 94 38,044 1,2849.4% 571 6.3% 8.2% 8.2%

8.6%

Female Breast Stomach Prostate Prostate Liver & Other Biliary4,998 510 89 28,847 9498.3% 7.7% 6.0% 6.2% 6.0%

Pancreas Female Breast Leukemia Pancreas Prostate3,176 419 74 22,859 9435.3% 6.3% 5.0% 4.9% 6.0%

Stomach Pancreas Stomach Non-Hodgkin’s Pancreas2,241 357 58 Lymphoma 8803.7% 5.4% 3.9% 18,894 5.6%

4.1%

Esophagus Prostate Kidney Leukemia Non-Hodgkin’s2,011 273 54 17,666 Lymphoma3.4% 4.1% 3.6% 3.8% 788

5.0%

Leukemia Leukemia Pancreas Ovary Leukemia1,694 273 53 11,680 7292.8% 4.1% 3.6% 2.5% 4.6%

Multiple Myeloma Non-Hodgkin’s Liver & Intrahepatic Brain & Other Liver & Intrahepatic 1,634 Lynphoma Bile Duct Nervous System Bile Duct2.7% 249 53 11,132 718

3.8% 3.6% 2.4% 4.6%

Non-Hodgkin’s Oral Cavity Non-Hodgkin’s Stomach Brain & OtherLymphoma & Pharynx Lymphoma 11,041 Nervous System1,306 176 37 2.4% 4282.2% 2.7% 2.5% 2.7%

Note 1: Since each column includes only the top 10 cancer sites, site-specific numbers and percentages do notadd up to the all sites totals.Note 2: All sites category excludes basal and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ carcinomas except bladder.1Numbers likely to be underestimates due to underreporting of Asian and Native American race.2Includes American Indians, Eskimos, and Aleuts.3Persons classified as of Hispanic origin on death certificates may be of any race. Hispanic origin reported for all states except Oklahoma.Data source: Vital Statistics of the United States, 1996.

Table 10Reported Cancer Deaths for the 10 Leading Cancer Sites

by Race and Ethnicity, United States, 1993

C A C a n c e r J C l i n 1 9 9 7 ; 4 7 : 5 - 2 7


1960-1963

Five-Year Relative Survival Rates

White BlackSite White Black White Black White Black White Black

1970-1973 1974-1976 1980-1982 1986-1992

Table 11Trends in Cancer Survival by Race and Year of Diagnosis

United States, 1960–1992

Note: All sites category excludes basal and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ carcinomas except bladder. *The standard error of the survival rate is greater than 5 percentage points. †The difference in rates between 1974-1976 and 1986-1992 is statistically significant (P<0.05). Data sources: End Results Group, 1960-1973; NCI Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, 1996.

43

20

68

64

NA

81

4

67

46

62

22

NA

10

68

19

41

43

36

2

63

13

72

86

61

31

19

51

61

NA

44

4

NA

44

NA

NA

NA

7

NA

NA

NA

NA

32

2

55

13

NA

NA

36

50

22

75

69

50

89

5

72

52

66

35

4

12

80

24

47

55

36

3

68

15

79

92

74

39

27

63

64

45

61

4

69

49

58

31

1

11

66*

27

48

36

40

3

58

17

76*

88

47

39

18

63

58

NA

73

4

40

37

53

14

NA

8

60

12

31

45

32

1

50

11

63

83

53

27

19

46

47

NA

31

1

NA

38

NA

NA

NA

5

NA

NA

NA

NA

32

1

35

8

NA

NA

24

52

25

77

68

55

83

8

75

51

69

39

4

14

83

28

52

55

39

3

75

16

92

94

79

40

31

66

61

46

54

5

72

55

59

33

2

12

60*

29

51

31

39

5

65

19

90*

95

59

59†

29†

85†

71

62†

86†

12†

82†

60†

68

43†

7†

14†

88†

28†

52†

55

46†

4†

89†

19†

95†

96†

82†

44†

32

70†

56†

53†

56

8†

72

55

52

34

5†

11

72*

30

44

33

40

5†

73†

20

86*

90

60†

All Sites


Breast (female)

Cervix Uteri

Colon & Rectum


Esophagus

Hodgkin's Disease

Kidney & Renal Pelvis

Larynx

Leukemia

Liver & Intrahepatic Bile Duct

Lung & Bronchus

Melanoma-Skin

Mutiple Myeloma



Ovary

Pancreas

Prostate

Stomach

Testis

Thyroid

Urinary Bladder



60316

54318

383719

75129

232426

152544

8284

39418

241457

82348

591811

183136

74183

Site

Localized

Regional

Distant

0 20 40 60 80 100Percent

Note: Staging according to SEER historical categories rather than the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system. For each site and race, stage categoriesdo not total 100 percent because sufficient information is not available to assign a stage to all cancer cases.Data source: NCI Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, 1996.

Figure 5Percent Distribution of Cancer Cases

By Race and Stage at Diagnosis, United States, 1986–1992

Breast (Female)

Cervix Uteri

Colon & Rectum


Esophagus

Lung & Bronchus

Melanoma-Skin


Ovary

Pancreas

Prostate

Stomach

Urinary Bladder

48379

394112

323625

512219

272328

132649

601914

195317

211062

82252

531320

192939

58258

0 20 40 60 80 100Percent

White African American

C A C a n c e r J C l i n 1 9 9 7 ; 4 7 : 5 - 2 7


All StagesLocalizedRegional

Distant

200 40 60 80 100Percent

Figure 6Five-Year Relative Survival Rates

By Race and Stage at Diagnosis, United States, 1986–1992

Note: Staging according to SEER historical categories rather than the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system.

*The standard error is between 5 and 10 percentage points.

Data source: NCI Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, 1996.

85977721

7192529

6292647

86966928

1226122

1449182

88956116

55824420

46925124

41252

891009431

1959212

8294497

70896116

5688418

5386605

56823813

81472

1143142

72*90*

33683110

4084

51*24

51382

73918025

2058243

6079393

Site

Breast (Female)

Cervix Uteri

Colon & Rectum


Esophagus

Lung & Bronchus

Melanoma-Skin


Ovary

Pancreas

Prostate

Stomach

Urinary Bladder

White African American

200 40 60 80 100Percent

Insufficient dataInsufficient data



Rank Cause of Death

Numberof

Deaths

Death Rateper 100,000Population*

Percentof TotalDeaths

Table 12Fifteen Leading Causes of Death Among Children

Aged 1-14, United States, 1993

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

All Causes

Accidents

Cancer

Congenital Anomalies

Homicide

Heart Diseases

Cerebral Palsy

HIV Infection

Suicide

Pneumonia & Influenza

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Septicemia

Benign Neoplasm

Viral Diseases

Cerebrovascular Diseases

Diseases of Infancy

All Others

15,724

6,056

1,611

1,289

1,120

599

371

359

321

317

189

156

149

135

128

120

2,804

26.5

10.3

2.9

2.0

1.9

1.0

0.7

0.6

0.7

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

100.0

38.5

10.2

8.2

7.1

3.8

2.4

2.3

2.0

2.0

1.2

1.0

0.9

0.9

0.8

0.8

17.8

*Age-adjusted to the 1970 US standard population. Data source: Vital Statistics of the United States, 1996.

C A C a n c e r J C l i n 1 9 9 7 ; 4 7 : 5 - 2 7


Five-Year Relative Survival Rates

1960-1963

1970-1973

1974-1976

1980-1982

1986- 1992 Site

*Excludes basal and squamous cell skin cancer and in situ carcinomas except bladder.†The difference in rates between 1974-1976 and 1986-1992 is statistically significant (p<0.05).‡The standard error of the survival rate is between 5 and 10 percentage points. Data sources: End Results Group, 1960-1973; NCI Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, 1996.

Year of Diagnosis

Table 13Trends in Cancer Survival for Children Under Age 15

United States, 1960–1992

All Sites*

Acute MyeloidLeukemia


Neuroblastoma

Soft Tissue

28

3

35

25

38‡

45

5

45

40

60‡

56

14

54

60

65

21‡

55

53

65

71†

61†

63†

72†

33†

52

Acute LymphocyticLeukemia

Bones & Joints

Hodgkin's Disease

Non-Hodgkin'sLymphoma

4

20‡

52‡

18

34

30‡

90

26

53

54‡

79

45

70

54‡

91

62

79†

65†

92†

71†

1977-1979

61

26‡

57

69

53

67

52‡

83

51

1983-1985

68

32‡

62

54

78

70

58‡

91

70

Wilms Tumor 33‡ 70‡ 74 86 93† 86 77



Note: Ranks within site & sex group are in parentheses. *Rates are age-adjusted to the World Health Organization world standard population.

Table 14Cancer around the World

Age-Adjusted Death Rates* per 100,000 Populationby Site for Selected Sites for 48 Countries, 1990-1993

Country

United States##Albania§

Argentina††

Armenia##AustraliaAustriaBelarus§§

BulgariaCanada##China†+

Costa Rica††

Cuba†

Czech RebublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFrance##GermanyGreeceHungaryIreland##Israel##Italy††

Japan

KazakhistanKyrgyzstan†

LatviaLithuaniaMauritiusMexicoNetherlands##New Zealand##Norway##PolandPortugalRomania

Russian Fed.Singapore##SloveniaSpain##SwedenSwitzerlandTajikistan‡

Trinidad, Tobago††

Ukraine##United Kingdom§§

Uruguay†

Uzbekistan‡‡

All Sites

Male Female

165.3 (27)96.7 (46)

153.3 (29)137.2 (38)158.5 (28)171.6 (20)199.2 (11)140.5 (35)165.7 (25)165.7 (26)133.3 (39)127.4 (41)

237.2 ( 2)178.7 (17)211.9 ( 5)149.9 (31)197.4 (13)177.3 (18)145.8 (33)258.7 ( 1)174.4 (19)116.9 (43)189.2 (15)149.8 (32)

216.8 ( 4)140.1 (37)206.1 ( 6)200.7 (10)85.4 (47)81.6 (48)

189.7 (14)170.6 (21)145.2 (34)204.2 ( 8)151.1 (30)140.2 (36)

221.4 ( 3)170.2 (22)203.9 ( 9)169.8 (23)128.6 (40)167.2 (24)100.6 (45)120.0 (42)198.4 (12)179.1 (16)204.8 ( 7)104.7 (44)

111.1 ( 8)42.7 (48)96.4 (27)81.9 (39)

100.2 (20)105.6 (16)88.1 (34)84.6 (37)

109.1 ( 9)89.4 (33)94.7 (29)93.7 (30)

128.0 ( 3)138.7 ( 1)105.9 (14)89.9 (32)86.5 (36)

108.2 (11)76.4 (42)

135.2 ( 2)124.3 ( 6)101.5 (18)97.6 (24)75.2 (43)

105.6 (15)73.9 (44)98.7 (23)

100.2 (19)63.8 (46)77.6 (41)

108.5 (10)125.3 ( 4)99.4 (22)

107.6 (13)87.6 (35)84.5 (38)

99.9 (21)101.8 (17)108.0 (12)80.0 (40)97.2 (25)96.5 (26)60.4 (47)91.4 (31)95.1 (28)

124.6 ( 5)111.7 ( 7)66.9 (45)

Leukemia

Male Female

3.9 (11)1.9 (48)3.2 (32)3.3 (30)3.8 (13)3.7 (20)3.4 (26)2.7 (42)3.7 (18)3.2 (33)4.6 ( 2)3.9 (10)

4.4 ( 6)3.9 (12)3.8 (14)3.2 (34)3.6 (23)3.6 (22)3.5 (25)4.5 ( 3)3.2 (35)4.5 ( 4)4.0 ( 7)2.7 (43)

2.5 (46)2.3 (47)4.5 ( 5)4.8 ( 1)2.6 (44)3.0 (39)3.4 (28)3.7 (19)3.0 (38)3.6 (24)3.7 (16)3.0 (37)

3.6 (21)2.8 (40)3.7 (17)3.4 (27)3.3 (29)3.3 (31)2.7 (41)3.8 (15)3.9 ( 9)3.1 (36)4.0 ( 8)2.6 (45)

6.4 ( 9)2.7 (47)5.2 (27)4.3 (38)5.9 (14)5.3 (25)5.7 (21)4.4 (37)6.0 (11)4.1 (42)5.8 (18)4.5 (34)

7.2 ( 2)6.5 ( 6)6.5 ( 5)4.8 (32)5.9 (13)5.9 (15)5.6 (23)7.2 ( 3)5.9 (12)5.8 (16)6.5 ( 7)4.2 (39)

4.1 (40)3.6 (45)6.8 ( 4)7.9 ( 1)2.6 (48)3.7 (44)5.6 (22)6.4 ( 8)4.5 (35)5.8 (19)5.1 (28)4.4 (36)

5.5 (24)5.0 (31)5.2 (26)5.1 (29)4.8 (33)5.8 (17)3.7 (43)4.1 (41)6.2 (10)5.1 (30)5.7 (20)3.4 (46)

Breast

Female

22.0 (13)5.2 (46)

21.3 (16)16.5 (29)20.3 (18)21.8 (14)14.4 (38)15.4 (32)23.0 (10)4.9 (47)

11.2 (39)14.6 (36)

21.5 (15)27.2 ( 2)16.6 (27)16.6 (28)19.7 (19)22.2 (12)15.1 (33)23.4 ( 9)26.8 ( 4)23.4 ( 8)20.7 (17)6.6 (45)

8.9 (40)8.7 (41)

16.9 (26)17.5 (24)7.0 (44)8.3 (42)

26.9 ( 3)26.0 ( 5)18.6 (21)15.9 (31)18.5 (22)14.8 (35)

14.9 (34)14.5 (37)22.4 (11)17.3 (25)17.7 (23)24.0 ( 7)4.4 (48)

19.6 (20)16.1 (30)27.7 ( 1)25.9 ( 6)7.4 (43)

Colon & Rectum

Male Female

16.5 (23)2.0 (48)

13.6 (33)9.6 (39)

20.2 (10)22.8 ( 5)15.6 (26)15.3 (28)16.9 (21)8.1 (41)7.4 (42)9.7 (38)

34.6 ( 1)23.0 ( 4)18.2 (13)12.4 (35)17.4 (18)21.3 ( 8)7.2 (43)

30.8 ( 2)21.5 ( 7)15.3 (29)15.3 (30)15.7 (25)

11.9 (36)8.8 (40)

17.9 (14)17.2 (19)5.0 (44)3.3 (47)

17.7 (16)26.4 ( 3)20.1 (11)15.4 (27)16.0 (24)10.1 (37)

17.6 (17)18.9 (12)22.2 ( 6)14.6 (32)14.6 (31)17.8 (15)4.7 (45)

12.6 (34)17.0 (20)20.3 ( 9)16.8 (22)4.7 (46)

11.2 (20)2.2 (48)9.2 (34)7.5 (38)

13.7 ( 8)13.7 ( 9)10.3 (29)10.7 (25)11.2 (21)6.4 (41)7.1 (40)

11.2 (22)

18.1 ( 3)17.2 ( 4)12.5 (15)8.6 (37)

10.1 (30)15.1 ( 6)5.5 (43)

18.5 ( 2)13.8 ( 7)12.2 (17)9.9 (31)9.8 (32)

8.9 (35)6.2 (42)

11.6 (18)11.1 (23)4.6 (44)3.0 (47)

12.8 (14)18.9 ( 1)13.5 (11)10.4 (27)10.4 (28)7.3 (39)

12.3 (16)15.5 ( 5)12.9 (13)9.4 (33)

10.9 (24)10.5 (26)3.1 (46)8.9 (36)

11.5 (19)13.6 (10)13.3 (12)4.3 (45)

C A C a n c e r J C l i n 1 9 9 7 ; 4 7 : 5 - 2 7


Table 14Cancer around the World

Age-Adjusted Death Rates* per 100,000 Populationby Site for Selected Sites for 48 Countries, 1990-1993


Male Female

3.6 (35)4.3 (30)4.3 (29)2.5 (43)4.5 (25)6.1 (18)8.8 ( 7)4.1 (34)4.2 (31)2.6 (41)2.8 (39)6.0 (19)

6.3 (17)4.2 (32)8.7 ( 8)2.3 (45)

12.9 ( 3)6.6 (12)1.8 (46)

17.0 ( 1)4.3 (28)1.4 (48)6.0 (21)2.4 (44)

7.4 (10)4.2 (33)6.5 (13)7.9 ( 9)5.2 (23)1.8 (47)2.8 (40)3.4 (36)3.3 (37)6.3 (15)6.0 (20)6.3 (14)

8.8 ( 6)13.2 ( 2)11.5 ( 4)6.9 (11)2.6 (42)6.3 (16)4.6 (24)4.5 (26)9.4 ( 5)3.0 (38)5.9 (22)4.4 (27)

1.3 (12)1.5 ( 7)0.8 (39)0.5 (48)1.4 ( 9)0.9 (30)0.7 (41)0.7 (44)1.3 (13)1.1 (20)1.1 (17)1.9 ( 3)

0.9 (29)1.3 (10)1.0 (24)0.8 (38)1.3 (11)1.1 (18)0.5 (47)2.2 ( 2)1.0 (23)0.6 (46)1.0 (26)0.7 (45)

1.7 ( 4)0.7 (42)0.7 (40)1.0 (27)1.4 ( 8)0.7 (43)1.0 (21)1.3 (14)0.9 (35)1.1 (19)0.9 (31)1.0 (28)

1.0 (22)4.0 ( 1)0.9 (34)0.8 (36)0.9 (32)1.1 (16)1.6 ( 5)1.0 (25)0.9 (33)1.1 (15)0.8 (37)1.5 ( 6)

Prostate

Male

17.5 (13)7.0 (38)

13.6 (24)2.8 (46)

18.6 ( 9)17.2 (14)8.0 (35)8.4 (34)

17.0 (16)—

15.0 (22)19.0 ( 8)

15.1 (21)19.5 ( 6)13.0 (27)18.3 (12)16.8 (17)16.4 (18)8.7 (33)

15.8 (19)18.5 (10)9.2 (32)

11.6 (29)4.0 (43)

5.3 (41)3.7 (44)

12.2 (28)13.2 (25)7.0 (37)

10.6 (30)18.4 (11)19.0 ( 7)22.1 ( 3)9.9 ( 31)15.3 (20)7.6 (36)

6.9 (39)4.4 (42)

14.7 (23)13.2 (26)21.1 ( 4)22.5 ( 2)3.5 (45)

32.9 ( 1)6.8 (40)

17.1 (15)21.0 ( 5)1.8 ( 47)

Stomach

Male Female

2.3 (48)6.3 (28)4.8 (36)

10.5 (14)3.1 (47)7.8 (22)

15.1 ( 5)10.4 (15)3.2 (46)

15.7 ( 4)17.6 ( 1)3.6 (44)

8.0 (20)3.9 (42)

13.5 ( 7)6.1 (31)3.3 (45)7.3 (24)4.6 (38)9.9 (16)5.9 (33)4.5 (39)7.9 (21)14.2 ( 6)

15.9 ( 3)13.0 ( 8)12.3 (10)12.3 (11)6.4 (27)7.1 (25)4.7 (37)3.9 (43)4.9 (34)7.6 (23)

11.5 (13)6.9 (26)

16.9 ( 2)9.3 (19)9.4 (18)6.3 (29)4.2 (40)3.9 (41)

11.7 (12)6.0 (32)

12.6 ( 9)4.8 (35)6.1 (30)9.4 (17)

5.0 (48)14.9 (26)11.7 (33)20.9 (17)6.8 (46)

15.5 (25)36.7 ( 3)19.2 (20)7.1 (45)

34.1 ( 5)42.5 ( 1)6.6 (47)

17.1 (22)7.1 (44)

28.6 (12)11.5 (34)8.2 (43)

13.9 (27)9.3 (38)

23.4 (14)12.2 (30)8.7 (41)

16.9 (23)32.8 ( 6)

35.6 ( 4)29.5 ( 8)28.8 (11)28.8 (10)13.0 (29)9.9 (37)

12.1 (31)9.0 (39)

10.6 (35)21.6 (16)24.2 (13)17.8 (21)

40.3 ( 2) 20.0 (19)22.9 (15)13.7 (28)8.4 (42)8.7 (40)

29.1 ( 9)10.2 (36)31.3 ( 7)11.8 (32)16.1 (24)20.5 (18)

Uterus

Cervix Other

2.6 (34)3.2 (27)6.4 ( 5)4.2 (20)1.6 (47)4.9 (13)3.9 (22)6.2 ( 6)2.4 (38)

— 2.4 (39)7.5 ( 4)

5.2 ( 8)3.4 (25)5.1 (10)2.6 (31)3.8 (23)3.1 (28)2.6 (35)5.0 (11)2.4 (36)2.3 (43)4.6 (18)2.2 (44)

7.6 ( 2)2.8 (29)5.2 ( 9)4.7 (17)8.0 ( 1)2.3 (41)2.3 (42)2.7 (30)2.4 (37)3.9 (21)4.9 (12)4.2 (19)

4.7 (16)2.1 (45)4.8 (14)3.5 (24)2.6 (33)3.2 (26)1.8 (46)7.5 ( 3)4.8 (15)2.4 (40)6.1 ( 7)2.6 (32)

2.6 (35)0.6 (48)4.5 (19)5.4 (13)2.7 (34)2.7 (33)4.4 (22)4.2 (23)2.1 (40)3.2 (31)

10.5 ( 2)5.3 (14)

5.6 (12)4.9 (17)6.8 ( 7)1.5 (44)1.7 (43)3.4 (29)1.4 (45)6.5 ( 8)3.0 (32)1.3 (46)0.9 (47)1.8 (41)

4.6 (18)6.3 ( 9)4.5 (20)6.8 ( 6)4.1 (25)

15.0 ( 1)2.3 (38)4.5 (21)4.1 (24)7.7 ( 5)2.4 (37)

10.2 ( 3)

5.0 (16)6.1 (10)3.5 (27)1.7 (42)2.2 (39)2.5 (36)3.5 (28)9.1 ( 4)5.6 (11)4.1 (26)5.0 (15)3.3 (30)

†1990 only. ‡1991 only. §1992 only. ††1990-1991. ‡‡1991-1992. §§1992-1993. ##1990-1992. +Oral cancer mortality rate includes nasopharynx only. Data source: World Health Organization

Lung & Bronchus

Male Female

57.1 (13)27.4 (40)38.4 (33)45.7 (26)40.4 (32)44.6 (27)60.4 (12)41.2 (30)55.1 (17)38.2 (34)14.3 (47)37.7 (35)

75.3 ( 2)50.4 (19)70.0 ( 5)46.1 (24)47.0 (22)47.9 (21)50.2 (20)81.6 ( 1)45.8 (25)25.7 (41)57.0 (14)30.6 (38)

68.4 ( 6)35.4 (36)65.4 ( 8)63.1 ( 9)17.2 (44)15.9 (45)66.9 ( 7)42.6 (29)30.9 (37)71.3 ( 4)27.9 (39)40.9 (31)

72.8 ( 3)50.5 (18)61.0 (11)46.9 (23)23.7 (42)43.6 (28)15.0 (46)13.6 (48)63.1 (10)55.9 (16)56.1 (15)19.7 (43)

25.6 ( 1)5.0 (39)6.0 (35)6.4 (33)

13.0 (11)9.3 (17)5.0 (41)6.5 (32)

21.8 ( 3)15.9 ( 9)5.0 (40)

13.8 (10)

10.1 (16)24.8 ( 2)7.5 (24)6.9 (29)5.2 (38)8.4 (20)6.9 (28)

16.6 ( 7)17.6 ( 6)7.9 (23)7.3 (25)8.1 (22)

9.0 (18)6.1 (34)6.6 (31)5.9 (37)4.0 (46)5.9 (36)

10.9 (12)18.0 ( 5)10.8 (13)10.2 (15)4.6 (43)6.6 (30)

7.3 (26)16.0 ( 8)8.5 (19)3.6 (48)

10.6 (14)8.3 (21)4.4 (44)4.0 (47)7.2 (27)

21.0 ( 4)4.2 (45)4.8 (42)

Documents

Cancer Statistics, 1997s3.amazonaws.com/zanran_storage/caonline.amcancersoc.org/Conte…PROC FORECAST to project the num-ber of cancer cases expected to be diag- ... Epidemiology and