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CANINE ANATOMY. Group members. Loh Mae Chel ( mae chel ) Lee Ching Wai (Jazz) Nur Ainsyah Natasya ( tasya ) Desalini ( desa ) Muhammad Fikree ( piki ). HEAD Lee Ching Wai D10A015 Loh Mae Chel D10A016. Cutaneous muscles and major fasciae. Superficial muscles. Deep muscles. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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CANINE ANATOMY
Group members• Loh Mae Chel (mae chel)• Lee Ching Wai (Jazz)• Nur Ainsyah Natasya (tasya)• Desalini (desa)• Muhammad Fikree (piki)
• HEAD
• Lee Ching Wai D10A015
• Loh Mae Chel D10A016
Cutaneous muscles and major fasciae
Superficial muscles
Deep muscles
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Function
Muscles of facial expression
M. Sphincter colli superficialis
Transverse fibers in the superficial fascia of the ventral neck
Cervical branch ( R. colli) of the facial n.
Tenses and moves the ventral and lateral skin
Auricular muscles
M. cervicoauricularis superficialis
Dorsal median raphe of the neck
Dorsal(convex) surface of the auricular cartilage
Caudal auricular n., branch of the facial n.
Long elevator muscle of the ear
M. cervicoscutularis
Dorsal median raphe of the neck
Caudomedial part of scutiform cartilage
Caudal auricular n., branch of facial n.
Elevates the ear and tenses the scutiform cartilage
M. cervicoscutularis profundus and medius
External sagittal crest
Lateral border of the auricular cartilage
Caudal auricular n., branch of facial n.
Turns opening ( conchal fissure) of the auricular cartilage caudomedially
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Function
M. occipitalis External sagittal crest
Superficial fascia of the head
Rostral auricular branches of the auriculopalpebral n.
Draws scutiform cartilage caudomedially
M. interscutularis Transverse fibers passing between the two scutiform cartilages
Rostral auricular branches of the auriculopalpebral n.
Draws scutiform cartilages medially
M. frontoscutularis Rostral continuation of m. interscutularis
Rostral auricular branches of the auriculopalpebral n.
Draws the scutiform cartilages rostromedially
M. scutuloauricularis superficialis
Scutiform cartilage
Rostral border of the auricular cartilage
Rostral auricular branches of the auriculopalpebral n.
Turns the auricular cartilage so that its opening (conchal fissure) faces rostralmedially, erects the ear
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Function
M. paratidoauricularis
Parotid fascia and superficial fascia of cranial neck
Ventrolateral at the base of the auricular cartilage
Cervical branch ( R. colli) of the facial n.
Draws the ear down, lays the ear ‘back’
M. mandibuloauricularis
Caudal margin of the ramus of the mandible ventral to the condyle
Ventral at the base of the auricular cartilage
Caudal auricular n., branch of the facial n.
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Function
Muscles of the lips and cheeks
M. orbicularis oris Closed, sphincter-like muscle at the border of the rima oris; there is no skeletal attachment
Dorsal and ventral buccal branches of the facial n.
Closes the rima oris ( opening of the mouth)
M. buccinator Crossing fibers that pass in the cheek region between the maxilla and the body of the mandible; extends from the angle of the mouth to the level of the rostral border of the masseter m.; interwoven rostrally with orbicularis oris fibers
Dorsal and ventral buccal branches of the facial n.
Forms the lateral boundary of the oral cavity; compresses the vestibule of the oral cavity, pressing the food into the oral cavity proper; compresses the buccal glands
M. zygomaticus Scutiform cartilage Radiates into the orbicularis oris at the angle of the mouth
Dorsal and ventral buccal branches of the facial n.
Draws the angle of the mouth caudally; draws the scutiform cartilage rostroventrally
Muscles Origin Insertion Innervation Function
M. caninus Maxilla, ventral to the infraorbital foramen
Upper lip Dorsal and ventral buccal branches of the facial n.
Draws the upper lip caudodorsally
M. levator labii superoris
Maxilla, rostral to the infraorbital foramen
Wing of the nostril; upper lip
Dorsal and ventral buccal branches of the facial n.
Elevates the upper lip and the nasal plane and draws them caudally, widens the opening of the nostril
Muscles of the eyelids and nose
M. orbicularis oculi
A muscular ring passing within the eyelids. It arises dorsally and ventrally from the medial palpebral ligament and encircles the palpebral fissure
Auriculopalpebral n., branch of the facial n.
Narrowing and closure of the palpebral fissure ( the opening between the eyelids
Muscles Origin Insertion Innervation Function
M. retractor anguli oculi
Deep temporal fascia
Lateral angle of the eye
Auriculopalpebral n., branch of the facial n.
Draws the lateral angle of the eye caudally
M. levator anguli oculi
Fascia upon the frontal bone ( frontal fascia)
Medially into the upper eyelid
Auriculopalpebral n., branch of the facial n.
Elevates the medial part of the upper eyelid; erects the tactile hairs
M. levator nasolabialis
Maxilla in the region of the medial angle of the eye; frontal fascia
Lateral nostril and upper lip
Auriculopalpebral n., branch of the facial n.
Widens the opening of the nostril and raises the upper lip
M. malaris Deep fascia of the face
Lower eyelid Auriculopalpebral n., branch of the facial n.
Draws the lower eyelid ventrally
Muscles Origin Insertion Innervation Function
Mandibular musclesSuperficial muscles of the throatM. digastricus Paracondylar
process ( the jugular process forms its base)
Ventral margin of the mandible
Ramus digastricus, branch of the facial n. ( caudal belly); mylohyoid n., branch of the mandibular n. (rostral belly)
Lowers the mandible, opening the mouth
M. mylohyoideus Mylohyoid line on the medial surface of the body of the mandible
Median raphe joining the muscles of the two sides ventral to the geniohyoideus m.
N. mylohyoideus, branch of the mandubular n.
Elevates the tongue, presses it against the palate
Muscles Origin Insertion Innervation Function
External muscles of mastication
M. temporalis Temporal fossa Coronoid process of the mandible
Masticatory n., branch of the mandibular n.
Raises the mandible
M. masseter Zygomatic arch Masseteric fossa of the mandible
Masticatory n., branch of the mandibular n.
Raises the mandible
Internal muscles of mastication
M. pterygoideusM. pterygoideus medialisM. pterygoideus lateralis
Pterygopalatine fossa(medial pterygoid); wing og the basisphenoid (lateral pterygoid)
Pterygoid fossa of the mandible(medial pterygoid), pterygoid fovea of the mandible ( lateral pterygoid)
Pterygoid nn., branches of the mandibular n.
Synergist of the masseter m., raising the mandible;with unilateral contraction, draws the mandible toward the side of the muscle acting
Canine anatomy
Thoracic limbNUR AINSYAH NATASYA BINTI ABDUL AZIZ
D10A027(ye..saya la yang paling cute)
Flexor=ms on the side of the limb towards which the joint bends biceps brachii m. flexes the elbow.
Extensor=the ms on the opposite side.triceps brachii m.=extensor of the elbow
Adductors-ms that tend to pull a limb toward the median plane
Abductors=ms that tend to move the limb away from the median plane
Agonists(prime movers)are ms directly responsible for producing the desired action.
The Antagonists are ms that oppose the desired actions.Synergists are ms that oppose any undesired action of
the agonistsEg. in extension of the elbow, a movt. produced by the triceps
brachii biceps(agonist for extension), brachii and brachialis are antagonists coz they produce the opposite action, flexion of the elbow.
Muscle Function Origin Insertion Innervation
Deltoideus m. Flexes shoulder • spine of scapula
• Caudal boarder of scapula
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Axillary n.
Teres minor m. Flexes shoulder Distal half of caudal boarder of scapula
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Axillary n.
Teres major m. Flexes shoulder Caudal boarder of scapula and subscapularis
Teres tuberosity of humerus
Axillary n.
Subscapularis m. Extends shoulder
Subscapular fossa of scapula
Lesser tuberosity of humerus
Axillary n.Subscapular n.
Muscle Function Origin Insertion Innervation
Coracobrachialis m. Extends shoulder
Coracoid process of scapula
Proximomedial surface of humerus
Musculocutaneous n.
Biceps brachii m. • Extend shoulder
• Flexes elbow
• Stabilize carpus
Supraglenoid tubercle
• Radial tuberosity
• Tendon of extensor carpi radialis m.
Musculocutaneous n.
Brachialis m. Flexes elbow Proximocaudal surface of humerus
Proximomedial surface of radius
Musculocutaneous n.
Supraspinatus m.
• Extends shoulder
• Stabilize shoulder
• Supraspinatous fossa
• Scapular cartilage and spine
Greater and lesser tubercles of humerus
Suprascapular n.
Infraspinatus m.
Extends and flexes shoulder
• Infraspinatous fossa
• Scapular cartilage and spine
Greater tubercle of humerus
Suprascapular n.
Muscle Function Origin Insertion Innervation
Triceps brachii m.
Long head Extends elbow and flexes shoulder
Caudal boarder of scapula
Olecranon tuber
Radial n.
Lateral head Extends elbow Deltoid tuberosity
Medial head Middle surface of middle 1/3 of humerus
Anconeus m. • Extend elbow
• Raise joint capsule (prevent capsule compression during elbow extension
Boarder of olecranon fossa
Lateral olecranon
Radial n.
Muscle Function Origin Insertion Innervation
Tensor fascia antebrachii m.
• Extends elbow
• Tenses forearm
Caudal boarder of scapula
Deep fascia of forearm and olecranon
Radial n.
common digital extensor m.
• Extend carpus
• Extends digit III
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
• Proximodorsal on proximal phalanx
• Extensor processes of middle and distal phalanges
Radial n.
Lateral digital extensor m.
Extends metacarpophalanges joint (fetlock)
Proximal radius and ulna
Proximodorsal on proximal phalanx
Radial n.
Muscle Function Origin Insertion innervationextensor carpi radialis m.
extends the carpal, pasternAnd coffin joint.
lateral supracondylar of the humerus
Proximodorsal metacarpal III bone (metacarpal
of the index finger). accessory carpal bone
deep branch of the radial n.
Ulnaris lateralis m.
flexes carpus Lateral epicondyle of humerus
• Accessory carpal bone
• Metacarpal IV (lateral splint bone)
Radial n.
Extensor carpi obliquus m. (abductor pollicis longus m.)
Extends carpus Middle of radius craniolaterally
Proximal metacarpal II
Radial n.
Muscle Function Origin Insertion Innervation
flexor carpi radialis m
Flexes carpus Medial Epicondyle of Humerus
Proximal Sesamoid Bones
Median n.
flexor carpi ulnaris m. (ulnar & humeral heads)
Flexes carpus • Medial Epicondyle of Humerus
• Medial Olecranon
Accessory Carpal Bone
Ulnar n.
superficial digital flexor m.
Extends elbow Flexes carpusFlexes digit
Medial Epicondyle of Humerus
• Distal Collateral Tubercles of Proximal Phalanx
• Proximal Collateral Tubercles of Middle Phalanx
Ulnar n.
Muscle Function Origin Insertion Innervation
deep digital flexor m.
Humeral head Extends elbow Medial Epicondyle of Humerus
Flexor Surface of Distal Phalanx
Median n.&Ulnar n.
Ulnal head Flexes carpus Medial Olecranon
Ulnar n.
Radial head Flexes digit Middle of Radius, Caudal Surface
Median n.
Interosseous Resist overextension of metacarpophalangeal joint
• Proximocaudal on metacarpal III
• Palmer carpal ligament
Proximal Sesamoid bone
Deep branch of ulnar n.
• extensor carpi radialis m. (1)• common digital extensor m. (2)• lateral digital extensor m. (3). • ulnaris lateralis m. (4)Two minor muscles are the • brachioradialis m. (5)• abductor pollicis longus m. (6). Fascia has been removed except for the extensor retinaculum (7) that binds digital extensor tendons at the carpus. (Scissors elevate branches of the common digital extensor tendon.)
• common digital extensor m. (1)• lateral digital extensor m. (2) (tendon are elevated by forceps)• extensor carpi radialis m. (3)• ulnaris lateralis m. (4)Craniolateral antebrachial muscles originate form the vicinity of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (asterisk).• anconeus m. (5), caudal to the epicondyle.
medial epicondyle of the humerus (asterisk). deep fascia has been removed from the antebrachium except for flexor retinaculum (1), which binds digital flexor tendons in the carpus. superficial digital flexor m. (2) and its tendon branches are elevated by instruments.flexor carpi ulnaris m. (arrows).
• superficial digital flexor m. (1)have been reflected. • flexor carpi ulnaris m. (2) has humeral and ulnar heads. Latter elevated by the forceps. • flexor carpi radialis m. (3) is medially on the limb. • deep digital flexor m. (4) it’s tendons are visible distal to the flexor retinaculum (5).
• deep digital flexor m (1) it’s humeral head is being pulled by forceps. small radial head (2) attaches to the radius. The ulnar head (3) originates from the ulna. deep layer of flexor retinaculum (asterisk) has been cut to release the tendon (arrow) of the deep digital flexor m.
• superficial digital flexor m. (4); • flexor carpi ulnaris m. (5); • flexor carpi radialis m. (6); • and pronator teres m. (7).
HIND LIMB
SUPERFICIAL MUSCLE
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION FUNCTION
Middle Gluteal
Gluteal fascia and wing of the ileum
Trochanter major
Cranial gluteal nerve
draws the limb caudally and outward
Superficial Gluteal
Gluteal fascia,lateral part ofsacrum
Gluteal tuberosity
Caudal gluteal nerve
draws the limb caudally
Tensor Fascia Latae
Tuber coxae Patella and tibia tuberosity by way of the fascia lata and patella ligament
Cranial gluteal nerve
draw the limb forward toward cranial
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION FUNCTION
Sartorial Tuber coxae,iliac crest
Crural fascia,cranial margin of tibia
Femoral nerve draw the limb forward and adduct the limb
Semimembraneous
Tuber ischiadicum
Medial condyle of the femur and tibia
Muscular branch of the ischidia nerve
Draw the limb medially and caudally and tend to rotate the crus
Femoral biceps Tuber ischiadium, sacrotuberous ligament
Patella and tibia tuberosity, cranial margin of the tibia
Muscular branch of the ischiadic nerve
Attachment to the cranial margin of the tibia flexes
DEEP MUSCLE
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION FUNCTION
Middle Gluteal
Gluteal fascia and wing of the ileum
Trochanter major
Cranial gluteal nerve
draws the limb caudally and outward
Superficial Gluteal
Gluteal fascia,lateral part ofsacrum
Gluteal tuberosity
Caudal gluteal nerve
draws the limb caudally
Tensor Fascia Latae
Tuber coxae Patella and tibia tuberosity by way of the fascia lata and patella ligament
Cranial gluteal nerve
draw the limb forward toward cranial
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION FUNCTION
Coccygeal Ischiadic spine
Transverse process of first four caudal vertebrae
Ventral branch of the third sacral spinal nerve
Draw the tail to the side of muscle acting with both muscle contracting
Femoral quariceps
Craniolateral and craniomedial at the femur
Tibial tuberosity by mean of the patella ligament
Femoral nerve
Main extensor of the stiffle joint,fixation of the limb
Femoral quadrate
Ventromedial surface of the ischium near tuber
Caudal surface of femur distal to the trochanteric fossa
Ischiadic nerve
Rotates the limb,turning its cranial face laterally
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION FUNCTION
Semitendenous
Tuber ischiadicum
Medial surface of the tibia
Muscular branch of the ischidia nerve
Draw the limbs medially and caudally and tend to rotate the crust turning its cranial face medially
Semimembranous
Tuber ischiadicum
Medial condyle of the femur and tibia
Muscular branch of the ischidia nerve
Draw the limb medially and caudally and tend to rotate the crusturning its cranial face medially
Gastrocnemius Distal femur,medial and lateral supracondyles tuberosity
Tuber calcanei Tibial nerve Extensor of tarsal joint,flexor of stiffle joint
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION FUNCTION
Deep digital flexor
Lateral condyle of femur
Caudal aspect of proximal tibia
Flexes the stifle and rotate then leg medially
Long fibular
Long digital flexor
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION
INNERVATION
FUNCTION
sartorial Tuber coxae,iliac crest
Crural fascia,cranial margin of tibia
Femoral nerve
draw the limb forward and adduct the limb
Cranial tibialadductor Ventral
pubic tubercle
Proximally on the facies aspera
Obturator nerve
Adductor
Lab 5 - Image 5
The largest of the hamstring (caudal thigh) muscles is the biceps femoris m. (1) which originates from the ischium and inserts broadly on fascia lata (2) and crural fascia (3). The muscle has been transected in two locations to facilitate reflecting it. The semitendinosus m. (4) is partially exposed. Other visible (non-hamstring) muscles include: sartorius m. (5), tensor fasciae latae m. (6), middle gluteal m. (7), superficial gluteal m. (8), levator ani m. (9), and external anal sphincter m.(10).
Cutaneous muscle and major fasciae of the canine
Muscle origin insertion innervation function
M. Platysma Arise from the dorsal median raphe of the neck, passing rostroventrally onto the face where as the M.cutaneous faciei, it radiates into the M.orbicularis oris of the upper & lower lips
R. Platysmatis of the caudal auricular n., cervical branch (R.colli) of the facial n.
Tenses & moves the skin in the nuchal & masseteric regions, retracts the angle of the mouth, tenses the skin in the labial region
M. Cutaneus omobrachialis
From the supf. Shoulder fascia opposite the scapula
Over the elbow joint
Intercostobrachial n.
Tightens & moves the skin over the shoulder
Muscle origin insertion innervation function
M. Cutaneus trunci
From the superficial trunk fascia roughly along a line from the withers to the fold of the flank
Opposite the dorsal two thirds of the scapula: blend with the supf. Shoulder fascia ;Opposite the ventral third of the scapula, end with deep pectoral muscle on medial surface of humerus
Lateral throcic & intercostobrachial nn.
Tightens & moves the skin of the trunk
Superficial muscle of the canine
muscle origin insertion innervation function
Sternohyoideus Manubrium of sternum & 1st costal cartilage
Lingual process of basihyoid bone (basihyoiduem)
Ventral branch of 1st cervical n.
Retract basihyoid & tounge caudally
sternocephalic Manubrium sterni
Caudal border of mandible
Ventral br. of accessory n (XI)
Opens mouth; flexes or inclines head and neck to the side of the muscledorsal median raphe
M. Cleidocervicalis
Dorsal median raphe of the neck cranial to trapezius
Clavicular intersection
Dorsal branch of accessory n. (XI)
Draw the thoracic limb forward.
M.Omo transversarius
Acromion of scapula
Wing of atlas Ventral branch of fourth cervical n.
Draws thoracic limb forward, bends neck to one side.
muscle origin insertion innervation Functions
M. cleidobrachialis Clavicular intersection (clavicular part), spine of scapula by aponeurosis (scapula part), acromion (acromial part)
Humeral crest (clavicular part), deltoid tuberosity (scapular & acromial parts)
Axillary n. (scapular & acromial parts), accessory axillary n. (clavicular part), this neve may also be called the n. brachiocephalicus
Scapula & acromial parts, flexor of the shoulder joint, clavicular part, as a part of the brachiocephalicus m., draws the limb forward
M. Trapezius Dorsal median raphe od the neck from the 3rd cervical vertebra to the spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae 1-9
Cervical part : dorsal two third of the scapular spine Thoracic part: dorsal third of the scapular spine
Dorsal branch of accessory n.
Acting together, draw the scapula dorsally. Cervical part: draw the scapula craniodorsally .Thoracic part: draw the scapula caudodorsally.
Major teres Caudal margin of the scapula
Teres major tuberosity
Axillary n. Flexor of shoulder joint
M. Latissium dorsi Thoracolumbar fascia Teres major tuberosity with the m. teres major tendon
Thoracodorsal n. Draw the thoracic limb caudally; flexor of shoulder joint; with limb fixed, draws the trunk forward
muscle origin insertion innervation Functions
M. Obliquus externus abdominis
Ribs 4-13 (costal part), thoracolumbar fascia (lumbar part)
Linea alba(abdominal tendon); inguinal ligament, from the tuber coxae to the iliopubic eminence & pecten ossis pubis (pelvic tendon)
Ventral branches of intercostal, costoabdominal & lumbar nn.
Ventral abdominal muscles support the ventral abdominal wall. They function with the diaphragm in reciprocal movement of abdominal respiration: inspiration
M. Obliquus internus abdominis
Tuber coxae & neighboring part of the inguinal ligament (inguinal part), thoracolumbar fascia (lumbar part)
Linea alba & costal arch
Ventral branches of intercostal, costoabdominal & lumbar nn
M. sartorius Tuber coxae, iliac crest Crural fascia, cranial margin of fibia
Femoral n. Flexor of the hip joint, external of the stifle joint (cranial part), flexor of the stifle joint (caudal part) acting together two part of muscle draw limb forward & adduct the limb
muscle origin insertion innervation Functions
Deep pectoral muscle
Sternum; distally on ribs 4-9; tunica flava abdominis
Major & minor tubercles of humerus; tendon of origin of coracobrachialis
Cranial & caudal pectoral nn.
Suspends trunk between forelimbs; retracts limb; stabilizes shoulder joint
Sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis
Between spinous & mamillary processes of the last 2-3 sacral & 1st several caudal vertebrae
Dorsal brr. of local spinal nn.
Elevates tail & bends it laterally
M. Rhomboideus - Cervicis- thoracic
Nuchal crest (captial part) , dorsal median raphe of the neck from second cervical to 1st thoracic vertebrae (cervical part), cranial thoracic spines (thoracic part)
Medial surface of scapular cartilage
Ventral branches of cervical nerves
Fixation of thoracic limb, elevates scapula & draws it forward.
Deep muscle of the canine
muscle origin insertion innervation function
M. splenius Spinous processes of vT1-vT3
Nuchal crest Dorsal branches of cervical & thoracic nn.
Extension & lateral flexion of head & neck
M.Iliocostalis
-lumborum-thoracis
Ilium (lumbar part), several adjacent ribs beginning several segments caudal to rib of insertion & transverse process of vC7(6) (thoracic part)
Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae & caudal ribs (lumbar part); caudal margin of ribs several segments cranial to ribs of origin & transverse process of vc7(6) (thoracic part)
Fixation of lumbar vertebrae & ribs, erection & lateral flexion of vertebral column (lumbar part); draws ribs caudally in expiration , attachment to transverse process of vC7(6) draw corresponding ribs cranially in inspiration (thoracic part)
muscle origin insertion innervation function
M. Spinalis & semispinalis thoracic et cervicis
Lumbar spinous & mamillary processes (thoracic spinalis & semispinalis ), cranial thoracic spinous processes (cervical spinalis)
Spinous processes of cranial thoracic vertebrae (thoracic spinalis & semispinalis ) spinous processes of cervical vertebrae up to the axis. (cervical spinalis)
Dorsal branches of lumbar, thoracic & cervical spinal nn.
Fixation of dorsum & neck bends the trunk & neck to the side of the muscle acting
M. Serratus dorsalis cranialis
Supraspinous ligament at the level of thoracic vertebrae 1-8
Cranial margin of ribs 3-10
Intercostal nn. inspiratory
M. Rectus (Straight) abdominis
Sternum & first rib (including its costal cartilage)
Pecten ossis pubis Ventral branches of intercostal, costoabdominal & lumbar nn.
muscle origin insertion innervation function
M. Transversus abdominis
Asternal ribs (costal part) lumbar transverse processes & deep leaf of the thoracolumbar fascia (lumbar part)
Linea alba Ventral branches of intercostal, costabdominal & lumbar nn.
M. Serratus ventralis -Cervicis- thoracis
Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae 2-7 (cervical part), rib 1-7 (10)
Facies serrata of scapula
Ventral branches of cervical nn. (cervical part), long thoracic n. (thoracic part)
Most important muscle supporting trunk, raises neck; whn thoracic limb is fixed, an auxiliary inspiratory muscle
Mm. Intercostales externi
From the caudal margin of the more cranial rib of the intercostal space
Extends caudoventrally to the cranial margin of the more caudal rib of the space
Intercostal nn. inspiratory
muscle origin insertion innervation function
M. Rhomboideus - Cervicis- thoracic - capitis
Nuchal crest (captial part) , dorsal median raphe of the neck from second cervical to 1st thoracic vertebrae (cervical part), cranial thoracic spines (thoracic part)
Medial surface of scapular cartilage
Ventral branches of cervical nerves
Fixation of thoracic limb, elevates scapula & draws it forward.
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