Capacity to Customers (C2C)-

Review of Standards – Accommodating Responsive

Demand in ER P2/6

24th January 2013

2

C2C Standards Review – Introduction

Does ER P2/6 accommodate Demand Side Response?

Introduction

Gather your views

By VOTING!!!

MaybeNo

Yes

3

C2C Standards Review – Introduction

Will Manchester City win the premier league?

Consequences

Shift of power to the blue side of Manchester

Possible end of Fergie’s reign

Dependencies

Man United having poor run of results

Chelsea not spending big in January transfer window

4

C2C Standards Review – Introduction

Will Manchester City win the premier league?

Maybe

VOTE NOW!

No

Yes

5

C2C Standards Review – Introduction

Will Manchester City win the premier league?

VotesYes 0Maybe 3No 18

YesMaybeNo

6

C2C Standards Review – Introduction

C2C Review of Standards Task

“The objective is to undertake a comprehensive review of national standards and Electricity North West documents which potentially prohibit C2C operation and would need

to be changed for the full benefits to be realised.”

Statutory Documents

Licence Obligations

Internal Electricity

North West Policy

7

C2C Standards Review – Initial Findings

INITIAL FINDINGS

Main problems are associated with Security of Supply

Managed Load not explicitly allowed for at present

ER P2/6 allows for single customers

DCUSA facilitates Load Managed Areas, but this is probably inappropriate for widespread managed load

8

C2C Standards Review – Initial Findings

ER P2/6 does NOT apply to……

Distribution Code Guidance Note 1 states:-

“It does not apply to the supply connection of a Customer.”

BUT this is not considered appropriate for widespread responsive demand.

1Single Customers

9

C2C Standards Review – Initial Findings

INITIAL FINDINGS

Main problems are associated with Security of Supply

Managed Load not explicitly allowed for at present

ER P2/6 allows for single managed loads

DCUSA facilitates Load Managed Areas, but this is probably inappropriate for widespread managed load

10

So….Revision of ER P2/6 is required if allowance for widespread responsive demand is to be legal!

C2C Standards Review – Initial Findings

Responsive

Demand

Allowance Rev

ised

ER

P2/

6 Scales of Justice

11

C2C Standards Review – Initial Findings

P2/6 Derogation

Electricity North West approached Ofgem at bid stage indicating intention to apply for a derogation from ER P2/6 for circuits included in trial.

Subsequent Ofgem Consultation to gather industry views.

6 respondents:

100%

supported Ofgem view

to grant derogation

50% considered might be no

need for derogation

12

C2C Standards Review – Questions

Questions

Do you have any load managed areas?

Do you include responsive demand in your existing ER P2/6 assessments?

13

C2C Standards Review – Questions

Do you think that responsive demand could be employed without breaching ER P2/6?

Consequences

No need for derogations for responsive demand

No need for interim change to ER P2/6

Dependencies

It is considered that existing ER P2/6 is flexible enough

14

C2C Standards Review – Questions

Do you think that responsive demand could be employed without breaching ER P2/6?

Maybe

VOTE NOW!

No

Yes

15

C2C Standards Review – Questions

Do you think that responsive demand could be employed without breaching ER P2/6?

VotesYes 5Maybe 6No 0

YesMaybeNo

16

C2C Standards Review– Changes to ER P2/6

Changing ER P2/6 to accommodate

Responsive Demand?

System Intact Assessment

Adjustment of generation contribution

Making Allowance for Responsive Demand

17

C2C Standards Review– System Intact Assessment

How much C2C demand can be

connected?

18

C2C Standards Review– System Intact Assessment

How much C2C demand can be connected?

11kV

C2C LOAD

C2C LOAD

LOAD LOAD

Check flows within circuit/transformer rating

Consider potential transformer and cable ageing due to greater normal loading

Consider social acceptability of short duration interruptions

19

C2C Standards Review– HV Circuit Example

How much C2C demand can be connected?HV Circuit Example

EXISTING11kV

4MVA4MVA 7MVA

1MVAAssume 7MVA circuit rating

4MVA 1000 3MVA 750

1MVA 250

4MVA 1000

20

C2C Standards Review– HV Circuit Example

How much C2C demand can be connected?HV Circuit Example

With C2C 11kV

7MVA7MVA 13MVA

1MVA

C2C 3MVA

C2C 3MVA

Assume 7MVA circuit rating

C2C 3MVA

C2C 3MVA

7MVA

4MVA 1000 3MVA 750

1MVA 250

Supply interruption to Non-C2C customers

4MVA 1000 3MVA 750

1MVA 250

21

C2C Standards Review– HV Circuit Example

Is such HV circuit operation acceptable?

Consequences

Increased frequency of short duration interruptions

From 1000 to 2000 customers experience short duration interruption

Potential increased network equipment ageing

Dependencies

Depends on operation at typically less than 5 sites

22

C2C Standards Review– HV Circuit Example

Is such HV circuit operation acceptable?

Maybe

VOTE NOW!

No

Yes

23

C2C Standards Review– HV Circuit Example

Is such HV circuit operation acceptable?

VotesYes 6Maybe 6No 0

YesMaybeNo

24

C2C Standards Review– Primary Sub Example

How much C2C demand can be connected?Primary Sub Example

11kV

20MVA 20,000

C2C LOAD

25

C2C Standards Review– Primary Sub Example

Primary Sub Example

EXISTING

11kV10MVA10MVA 20MVA

Assume tx rating of 20MVA

20MVA 20,000

26

C2C Standards Review– Primary Sub Example

How much C2C demand can be connected?Primary Sub Example CAUTIONARY APPROACH

With C2C

11kV15MVA15MVA 30MVA

Assume tx rating of 20MVA

30MVA (150%)3min rating

20MVA 20,000

10MVA C2C LOAD10MVA C2C LOAD

20MVA

Less than 3minutes later!

27

C2C Standards Review– Primary Sub Example

Is this cautionary Primary Sub operation acceptable?

Consequences

No Increase in frequency of short duration interruptions

No Increase in the number of customers experiencing short duration interruptions

Potentially increased network equipment ageing

Dependencies

Depends on operation at typically less than 10 sites (depending on the number of C2C customers)

28

C2C Standards Review– Primary Sub Example

Is this cautionary Primary Sub operation acceptable?

Maybe

VOTE NOW!

No

Yes

29

C2C Standards Review– Primary Sub Example

Is this cautionary Primary Sub operation acceptable?

VotesYes 6Maybe 4No 2

YesMaybeNo

30

C2C Standards Review– Primary Sub Example

How much C2C demand can be connected?Primary Sub Example PROGRESSIVE APPROACH

With C2C

11kV20MVA20MVA 40MVA

Assume tx rating of 20MVA

30MVA (150%)3min rating

20MVA 20,000

20MVA C2C LOAD20MVA C2C LOAD

20MVA

Need to Autotrip

20MVA 20,000 Short duration interruption to 20,000 customers

31

C2C Standards Review– Primary Sub Example

Is this progressive Primary Sub operation acceptable?

Consequences

Increase in frequency of short duration interruptions

Increase in the number of customers experiencing short duration interruptions

Potentially increased network equipment ageing

Dependencies

Depends on operation at typically less than 10 sites (depending on the number of C2C customers)

32

C2C Standards Review– Primary Sub Example

Is this progressive Primary Sub operation acceptable?

Maybe

VOTE NOW!

No

Yes

33

C2C Standards Review– Primary Sub Example

Is this progressive Primary Sub operation acceptable?

VotesYes 0Maybe 4No 8

YesMaybeNo

34

C2C Standards Review– BSP Sub Example

How much C2C demand can be connected?BSP Sub Example

33kV

90MVA 90,000

C2C LOAD

35

C2C Standards Review– BSP Sub Example

BSP Sub Example

EXISTING

33kV45MVA45MVA 90MVA

Assume tx rating of 90MVA

90MVA 90,000

36

C2C Standards Review– BSP Sub Example

How much C2C demand can be connected?BSP Sub Example

With C2C

33kV67.5MVA67.5MVA 135MVA

Assume tx rating of 90MVA

135MVA (150%)3min rating

90MVA 90,000

45MVA C2C LOAD45MVA C2C LOAD

90MVA

Less than 3minutes later!

37

C2C Standards Review– BSP Sub Example

Is this BSP Sub operation acceptable?

Consequences

No Increase in frequency of short duration interruptions

No Increase in the number of customers experiencing short duration interruptions

Potentially increased network equipment ageing

Dependencies

Depends on operation at typically less than 50 sites (depending on the number of C2C customers)

38

C2C Standards Review– BSP Sub Example

Is this BSP Sub operation acceptable?

Maybe

VOTE NOW!

No

Yes

39

C2C Standards Review– BSP Sub Example

Is this BSP Sub operation acceptable?

VotesYes 0Maybe 5No 4

YesMaybeNo

40

C2C Standards Review– GSP Sub Example

How much C2C demand can be connected?GSP Sub Example

132kV

240MVA 250,000

C2C LOAD

41

C2C Standards Review– GSP Sub Example

GSP Sub Example

EXISTING

132kV120MVA120MVA 240MVA

Assume tx rating of 240MVA

240MVA 250,000

42

C2C Standards Review– GSP Sub Example

How much C2C demand can be connected?GSP Sub Example

With C2C

132kV180MVA180MVA 360MVA

Assume tx rating of 240MVA

360MVA (150%)3min rating

240MVA 250,000

120MVA C2C LOAD120MVA C2C LOAD

240MVA

Less than 3minutes later!

43

C2C Standards Review– GSP Sub Example

Is this GSP Sub operation acceptable?

Consequences

No Increase in frequency of short duration interruptions

No Increase in the number of customers experiencing short duration interruptions

Increased network equipment ageing

Dependencies

Depends on operation at typically less than 100 sites (depending on the number of C2C customers)

44

C2C Standards Review– GSP Sub Example

Is this GSP Sub operation acceptable?

Maybe

VOTE NOW!

No

Yes

45

C2C Standards Review– GSP Sub Example

Is this GSP Sub operation acceptable?

VotesYes 0Maybe 8No 4

YesMaybeNo

46

C2C Standards Review– System Intact Assessment

Summary

HV Circuit Primary BSP GSP

Increasing number of customers

Increasing capacity

Allo

wab

le C

2C D

eman

d

100%

50%

Quantifying Intact System Assessment

Equipment ratings

Social acceptability of short duration interruptions

NOT EASILY QUANTIFIED

Increasing number of automation points

47

C2C Standards Review– System Intact Assessment

Should system intact limitations be defined in the Security Supply Standard?

ER P2/6 modified to

include System Intact

ER P2/6DNO

Internal Policy

OR +

48

C2C Standards Review– System Intact Assessment

Should system intact limitations be defined in the Security Supply Standard?

Consequences

Achieve consistency

Requirement to change ER P2/6

Dependencies

Industry View

49

C2C Standards Review– System Intact Assessment

Should system intact limitations be defined in the Security Supply Standard?

Maybe

VOTE NOW!

No

Yes

50

C2C Standards Review– System Intact Assessment

Should system intact limitations be defined in the Security Supply Standard?

VotesYes 6Maybe 0No 6

YesMaybeNo

51

C2C Standards Review– Interruptible Generation

Changing ER P2/6 to accommodate

Responsive Demand?

System Intact Assessment

Adjustment of generation contribution

Making Allowance for Responsive Demand

52

C2C Standards Review– Interruptible Generation

Generation Contribution

With C2C

Existing ER P2/6

Generation Contribution

o Availability

o Operating Regime

o Intermittency

ER P2/6 modified to

include System Intact

+ Additional Factor of consideration

o Unavailability due to Contract during system outages

o No/reduced allowance for C2C generators for N-1 & N-2 system assessments

53

C2C Standards Review– Changes to ER P2/6

Changing ER P2/6 to accommodate

Responsive Demand?

System Intact Assessment

Adjustment of generation contribution

Making Allowance for Responsive Demand

54

C2C Review– Responsive Demand Allowance

Presently, ER P2/6 says…..

Demand to be met ≤ Network

Capability

Group Demand (measured+latent)

minus allowed loss

≤Including :-

Network Capacity

+ Transfer Capacity

+ DG contribution

Depends on magnitude of Group Demand

G

55

C2C Review– Responsive Demand Allowance

But where should the Responsive Demand Allowance fit?

Demand to be met ≤

Group Demand (measured+latent)

minus allowed loss

≤Depends on magnitude of Group Demand

Network Capability

Including :-

Network Capacity

+ Transfer Capacity

+ DG contribution G

Responsive DemandResponsive Demand

56

C2C Review– Responsive Demand Allowance

Demand to be met

Group Demand (measured+latent)

minus allowed loss

Depends on magnitude of Group Demand

Responsive Demand

Advantages

Group Demand is the amount to be restored and there is no need to restore Responsive Demand,

Group Demand is often basis of load forecast and including Responsive Demand could complicate the forecast task,

Means that Group category will not change due to C2C connections.

Disadvantages

Responsive Demand is un-differentiable when measuring Group Demand and so should stay in there!

Subtract Responsive Demand Allowance from Group Demand ……..

57

Network Capability

C2C Review– Responsive Demand Allowance

Responsive Demand

Advantages

Network Capability is already adjusted so why not adjust it a bit more,

Disadvantages

It doesn’t feel like a network capability, more like a demand!

Add Responsive Demand Allowance to Network Capability……..

Including :-

Network Capacity

+ Transfer Capacity

+ DG contribution

58

C2C Review– Responsive Demand Allowance

Incorporate Responsive Demand Allowance in a different way …

Define a new category

Add a new column to table 2

59

C2C Review– Responsive Demand Allowance

Does Responsive Demand fit best with ……?

Neither/alternative

VOTE NOW!

Demand to be met

Network Capability

60

C2C Review– Responsive Demand Allowance

Does Responsive Demand fit best with ……?

VotesDemand to be met7Neither 1Network Capability7

Demand to be met

Neither

Network Capability

61

C2C Standards Review– System Intact Assessment

How much allowance can be

made for C2C responsive demand?

62

C2C Review– Responsive Demand Allowance

How to evaluate Responsive Demand Allowance?

33kV

132kV

11kV

C2C Load

C2C Load

11kV

C2C Load

C2C Load

C2C Load

C2C Load

Measure ?

Estimate ?

63

C2C Review– Responsive Demand Allowance

How to evaluate Responsive Demand Allowance?

33kV

132kV

11kV

C2C Load

C2C Load

11kV

C2C Load

C2C Load

C2C Load

C2C Load

at 11kV considering…..• Availability• Failure of Operation• Contractual restrictions

considering….. Different factors for

lower voltages?

Estimate ?

64

C2C Standards Review– SUMMARY

ER P2/6

System IntactAssessment

Evaluation of Responsive

Demand Allowance

Incorporation of Responsive

Demand Allowance

ModifiedER P2/6 –

Something quite different

ER P2/7

?

65

C2C Standards Review– SUMMARY

Is minimum change to ER P2/6 sufficient to accommodate responsive demand?

“Could we get away with…..?”

“Group Demand

The DNO’s estimate of the maximum demand of the group being assessed for ER P2/6 compliance with appropriate allowance for diversity and customers with interruptible contracts.”

66

C2C Standards Review– SUMMARY

Is minimum change to ER P2/6 sufficient to accommodate responsive demand?

Maybe

VOTE NOW!

No

Yes

67

C2C Standards Review– SUMMARY

Is minimum change to ER P2/6 sufficient to accommodate responsive demand?

VotesYes 5Maybe 5No 5

YesMaybeNo

Capacity to Customers (C2C)-

Review of Standards – Accommodating Responsive

Demand in ER P2/6

24th January 2013

Thanks for your attention